A L L M E D I C I N E S A R E D R U G S , B U T N O T A L L D R U G S A R E M E D I C I N E S !

CH. 23 MEDICINES AND DRUGS

MEDICINES

• Used to treat or prevent diseases

• Preventative Medicines:• Vaccines- killed or weakened viruses that stimulate your

body to produce antibodies to protect you from that disease. (Measles, Mumps, Chicken Pox, Polio)

• Antitoxins- to neutralize the effects of toxins(poisons) such as tetanus and diptheria

MEDICINES

• Pathogen Fighting MedicinesAntibiotics- fight bacterial diseases, no

effect on viruses

Antivirals -help to lessen symptoms of viruses, but do not kill it

Antifungals- fight fungal infections like athlete’s foot, yeast infections

PAIN RELIEVERS

• Analgesic- pain relievers- range from aspirin to narcotics• Over the counter medicines- Advil, aspirin, Tylenol• Prescription- Narcotics- vicodin, norco, oxycontin-

need a doctor’s written instructions and dispensed only by a pharmacist

HEALTH PROMOTING MEDICINES

• Allergy medicines-• Body regulating- insulin for diabetes• Antidepressants, antipsychotic- normalize

chemicals in the brain• Cancer treatment- chemotherapy

SIDE EFFECTSREACTIONS TO MEDICINES OTHER

THAN WHAT WAS INTENDED

• Additive Interaction- medicines that work together in a positive way• Synergistic effect- Two or more medicines taken

together that results in a greater effect than taken alone• Antagonistic Interaction- The effect of one

medicine cancels or reduces the effect of another medicine- or gives a negative reaction, when taken together

MEDICINE MISUSE

• Giving your prescription medicine to another person• Taking too much or too little than prescribed• Using expired medicines• Mixing medicines without informing the doctor• Discontinuing use without informing the physician

DRUG USE VOCABULARY

• Substance Abuse- Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for nonmedical purposes• Illegal drugs- chemical substances that people of

any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy or sell• Illicit Drug use- use or sale of and substance that

is illegal

INFLUENCES

• Peer Pressure• Family• Role models• Media• Perceptions- stereotypes- self-fullfilling prophecies

CONSEQUENCES

• Physical- overdose- a strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking too much of a drug, body systems break down- liver, heart, brain & respiratory problems• Mental/Emotional- Brain damage, destruction of

goals & dreams, depression, loss of value system• Social- School problems, family problems, legal

problems, friend problems, societal costs

DRUG ADDICTS

ADDICTION SIGNS

• Tolerance- need more to achieve the same effect or sometimes any effect

• Psychological dependence- A person believes he needs the drug to function

• Physiological or Physical dependence- when a person experiences severe withdrawal symptoms after stopping use.

• Withdrawal- symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, chills, flashback, etc. that occur when detoxing

• Addiction- a physical or psychological dependence on a drug- needing it to feel somewhat normal

TND VOCABULARY

• TRAP• T- Trial and Experimentation• R- Recreational Use• A- Abuse• P- Pinned down or addicted

MARIJUANA

• Cannabis- a plant whose buds, leaves and flowers are smoked for their intoxicating effect• Forms- smoked in a joint, edibles, hash• Active ingredient- THC• Hallucinogen and depressant• Raises dopamine level in the brain, thus the term

DOPE

MARIJUANA EFFECTS

• Hallucinations, paranoia• Impaired short term memory, coordination• Slow reaction time• Dry mouth• Heart & lung damage• Weakened immune system• Increased risk of lung cancer- over 400

carcinogens• Increased appetite- weight gain• Hormonal changes leading to infertility, sterility

SLANG NAMES

• Mary Jane• Weed• Dope• Ganja• Reefer• MJ• Grass• Pot

INHALANTS

• Substances whose fumes are sniffed or inhaled for intoxicating effects• Aerosols, glues, spray paints, gasoline• Hallucinogenic effects, depresses the Central

Nervous System• Cardiac arrest, stopped breathing, sudden death,

hallucinations

ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS

• Synthetic testosterone• Increased muscle mass• Impaired immune system• Fertility problems• Acne• “Roid” rage• Muscles can tear tendons off of bone• Females grow beards, males grow breasts

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS- STIMULANTS

• Cocaine, crack, methamphetamine, crystal meth, nicotine• Speed the central nervous system• Euphoria- intense feeling of elation• Highly addictive• Heart and blood vessel damage • Paranoia• Damage brain cells

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS-DEPRESSANTS

• Depressants- Barbiturates, tranquilizers, Rohypnol, GHB, valium• Confusion• Memory loss Dizziness• Loss of consciousness• Date rape• Impaired breathing• Coma • Death

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS

• Narcotics• Opium, Heroin, Morphine, Codeine, Vicodin, Norco,

Oxycontin or Oxycodone• Pain relievers when used medicinally• Highly addictive• Confusion• Sedation• Unconsciousness• Coma• Respiratory distress• Increased risk of HIV and Hepatitis

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS

• Hallucinogens- LSD, PCP, psyilocybin mushrooms, Ecstasy (MDMA), Ketamine

• Delusions• Hallucinations• Paranoia• Depression• Memory Loss• Loss of inhibitions• Kidney and Heart failure• Panic• Aggression, violence

FAMOUS DRUG ADDICTS OR ALCOHOLICS

• Kurt Cobain Mel Gibson• Eminem Charlie Sheen• Elvis Presley Jimi Hendrix• Michael Jackson Jim Morrison• John Belushi Janis Joplin• Amy Winehouse Heath Ledger• Rush Limbaugh Brittany Murphy• Ray Charles Betty Ford• Whitney Houston Robert Downey Jr• Lindsay Lohan Chris Farley• Brittney Spears River Phoenix