all hands naval bulletin - dec 1945

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TRE BUREAU OF NAVAL PERSONNEL INFORMATION BULLETIN

DECEMBER 1945 NAVPERS-0 NUMBER 345

VICE ADMIRAL LOUIS E. DENFELD, USNThe Chief of Naval Personnel

REAR ADMIRAL WILLIAM M. FECHTELER, USNThe Assistant Chief of Naval Personnel

TABLE OF CONTENTSPage

Pacific Fleet Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Springboard t o Vict . . . . . : : . . . . . . . . . . 4

SAC0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

SPECIALSECTION WAR ANNIVERSARY

The Navy and World Wa r I I . . . . . . . . . . . . . I IWar Flared, Then Blazed.

111 Prepared, W e Fought G

Then, Growing Power Told. . . . . . . . . . . . . .W e Poised for Offensives . . . . . . . . . . . .Arms Were.Made and Delivered. . . . . . .

Bases Loaded Our Punch. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Task Forces Struck Hard. . . *. . . . . . . . . . . .

Invasions Were the Payoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Battle of the Scientists.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Our Built-up Power Was Japs' Doom

People Were Our Stre

16I7

1820 .2 I22

24

Big Dates of the War.

Officer Training Plans. . .Saga of 'Can Do' Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Battin' the Breeze on the 7 Seas.. . . . . . . . .Hey, Doc! . . . . ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Old Lady with a Past.. . . . . . . . . . . .

32

34

.

Letters t o the Editor. , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . 38The Month's News. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' 40

Qecorations and Citations . . . . . . . . . . . 59Books: About America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

U.'S. Naval Vessels Lost During Wa r. .The Bulletin Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

78

All Thumbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79. . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Alnavs, NavActs in Brief. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0 FRONT COVER: Unfortunately no t for al l , but for

many bluejackets this Christmas will come the realization

of a haunting dream of many weary months in the Pacific:

Peace, home- nd his family.

AT LEFT: Proud was the Navy and honored by the

people this Navy Day, when President Truman led the

nation in tr ibu te b y reviewing al l types of Navy warships

that had crushed the Jap Navy. As the 21-gun salute

boomed over New York City, the Commander-in-Chief

reviewed the ships in the Nor th River t o c l imax the

greatest Navy Day in American history.

INSIDE BACK COVER: The Navy i s back in Shanghai

and in tradi t ional manner the Chinese bumboats sai l outto greet the men who helped free them from Japanese

domination -an d t o sel l their wares.

CREDITS. Front cover A ll Hands photograph by Constant. atle ft PhotograDh from bress Association Inc: inside back cdveroffihal U. S. Coast Guard DhotoqraDh. 0; D. 40-41. al l or;left, official U. S. Navv photographs. on right, official U. SCoast Guard photograph.



DISTRIBUTION of U. S. Navy ships and personnel afloat in western Pacific i s shown here as of I O November 1945.

PACIF IC F L E E T T O D A YPeacetime Duties Range from Occupation

fo Clearing Out Mines Sown During War

Getting things squared away in thePacific i s no easy job.. The following

article, from Pacific Fleet headquart-

ers, describes the present tasks and

the problems those tasks create.

H E UNITED TATESacific Fleet isT oday engaged in tasks virtuallyas numerous and complex as those itfaced during the war with Japan.

Primary job of the Fleet a t thistime is t o assist in the execution ofU. S. Government policy in the PacificOcean areas with special emphasis onthe important task of transportationand supply of U. S. forces assigned to

occupation duty in Japan and its for-mer possessions.A second major task of the Navy is

the tremendous job of moving millionsof soldiers and sailors from widelyscattered ships and bases t o staffingitreas from which they a re transported

2

on the Navy’s “magic carpet’: (Seep. 41) to the United States.Among the pressing problems the

Fleet is handling are the following:1. The occupation of Japan with

American military forces.2. The movement of Chinese troops

into newly liberated areas.3 . Provisioning and redeployment

of United States forces throughout theOrient and strategic Pacific areas.

4. Clearing rivers, bays and coastalwaters of more than 100,000 minessown during the war by Allied andJa p naval and a ir forces, so th at thesewill not impede future ocean traffic.

5. Disposal of surplus U. S. govern-ment property abroad and “roll-up”of military and naval bases and in-stallations.

A large number of combatant shipsm e still needed to support the occupa-tion of the Japanese Empire and to

aid in the removal from China of mil-lions of Japanese troops. However,due t o the Fleet policy of releasing

.ships as soon as possible, only about260 combatant ships (battleships, car-

riers, cruisers, submarines, destroyersand destroyer escorts) remain of theoriginal 800 warships in the Pacific.

While it is difficult t o present fig-ures which remain constant, the fol-lowing statistics are indicative of thesituation existing during the first twoweeks of November.

In August there Were 23 battleshipsin the Pacific. Of these only 8 nowremain on active duty in the Pacific-7 on the West Coast, and 1, the NewJersey , serving as flagship for thecommander of the F ift h Fleet a tTokyo. Seven of the original 23 havebeen sent t o the Atlantic Fleet, 3 for

active duty, 3 for inactive duty and 1for decommissioning. Two more ar enow en route t o the Atlantic via theCape of Good Hope. The remaining 6in the Pacific are actively engaged inthe “magic carpet.”

Only 6 of the original 27 lar ge car-

ALL UANVS



remain on active duty in the Pa-ic. They ar e the Shangri- la and

with the Third Fleet; theand L e x i n g t o n with the Fifth

A n t i e t a m and BoxerFleet. Eleven are

zing their gre at carry ing capacitye “magic carpet” while 1 has been

to inactive duty. Nine more

o r decommissioning.

Of the original 50 cruisers, light

32 remain on active duty. Nine of these were t o

t o “magic carpet” by thef November. Nine more are

o r en route thereo r inactive duty.

Twenty-two of the 65 escort carriers

or are inst ports for repairs. The

The transfer of Pacific Fleet de-stroyer escorts has also

n into large figures. Less than halfof 300-of the destroyers on ac-

remaln. One hundred eight de-

65en route to home ports for

e same reasons.

DES RemainThree-fifths of the 34 0 destroyer es-

ourvoys from submarines have already

t o the United Statesd 94 more ar e en route. A mere 65S remain behind to carry on the

checks, to deliver thet o the various Army

to aid in the

t and in the J a p home islands.Amphibious craft are also very

y in the Western Pacific. LSTs

w of food and mail t o o u r men

54 8 LSTs, 35 8 LSMs andother amphibious vessels carry-

g on this work. Amphibious com-

them ason a s practicable, but currently the

great to allow more thanfew t o return to the States.

Some 60 0 ships and 37,500 officers

ic from the Mar-

ers of J apan and the Ea st China. There are some 100 Japanese

S. Navy in115,000 mines

ese-Chinese waters, bu t it isS. Navy’s job alone to clear

1945

Priority JobsWarning that the Navy’s job in

the Pacific did not end with thesurrender of Japan, Fleet AdmiralChester W. Nimitz, USN, in a per-sonal message last month t o navalpersonnel in the Pacific declared

the naval ser-vice s t i l l has

* * , be given priori tyover demobiliza-

T h e t a s k s

volved in “theoc c upa t i on of

its possessions, the return to theUnited States of hospital patients,repatriated prisoners of war, andhigh point personnel in the armed

forces.”

Admiral Nimitz the Empire and

the Palaus, the Philippines and theSouth Pacific, the latter in conjunc-tion with the British Navy.

Ninety-seven per’cent of the mine-sweep officers ar e reserves, and despitethe fac t that there has been a 25 per-cent reduction in the authorized com-plement of minecraft, many &cersand men will have t o remain past theirnormal demobilization time to carryon this needed sweeping job,

Submarines, on the other hand, areconstructed for offensive warfare andcannot be profitably employed in theimmediate problems of demobilization.One hundred forty-eight of the subshave been sent to the U. S. for de-commissioning o r transfer to the re-serve Fleets, while two-thirds of thesubmarine personnel have been sentback to the States for demobilizationo r leaves. There ar e now only 24 sub-marines outside the U. s.,9 at PearlHarbor, 7 at Guam and 8 in SubicBay in the Philippines. Eventua lly 39subs will be on duty in the PacificFleet, but all of those to be so placedare now back in the States and theirpersonnel on leave. When they return ,they will relieve the 2 4 now in thePacific.

In addition to the combatant shipsthere are more than 700 auxiliariesin the Pacific Fleet. They includeammunition ships which ar e redis-tributing the vast stores of munitionsin preparation for peacetime opera-tions; stores-issuing v e s s e 1s and“reefer” o r refrigerator ships supply-in g the still large numbers of men onthe various Fleet units and bases: nettenders busy undoing their work ofthe war years by removing the hun-dreds of nets which have protected ourshipping in our harbors; floating dry-docks still engaged in repairing the

casualties of the l ast few months ofbitte r fikhting, and seaplane tenders.

For efficient peacetime operation theNavy plans to abandon numerousbases (See p. 4 ) throughout the Pa-cific and cut down those remaining.Consequently, on large Fleet bases

such as Guam as well as on the small-est aerological stations surpluses ofmaterial are becoming evident.

Falling to the lot of the serviceforces of the Pacific Fleet and theircargo ships is the job of the redis-tribution, preservation a n d disposal ofmillions of dollars worth of materialand equipment. Under the supervisionof the Army and Navy LiquidationCommission (an agency of the StateDepartment) it is the Navy’s obliga-tion to insure a maximum return to

the American taxpayer on this largequantity of material.

There are three types of materialwhich must be disposed of in the“roll-up” program:

1. Material which is surplus to theneeds of a certain base or area butwhich can profitably be sent back t othe United States for resale.

2. Material which is surplus t o acertain base o r area but which cannotbe profitably returned to the Statesfor resale. This material will be re-distributed amongst the other Navy,Army and Marine installations whereit can best be utilized.

3. Material which is surplus but isneeded neither by the mark& in theStates nor by the othe r armed services.This material will be either sold t ofmeign governments o r abandoned ac-cording to the rulings of the Liquida-tion Commissi’on.

An example of how the rd -u p pro-gram works is furnished by Uiithi ,

Atoll, 360 miles southwest of Guam.Formerly a lar e Fleet an ch or qe andsupply base, d t h i is now being aban-doned by the Navy. There are anestimated 42,000 measurement tom ofusable material on Ulithi-enough

cargo t o fill 5 Liberty ships.

.

Locd Board to ActA local board will be set up to fix

classification of this material in oneof the above-mentioned cakgmhs a dfrom thk listing the dispwitlon willbe made and the needed shipping willbe arranged.

As f a r a s it is practicable all salesto foreign governments are beingmade an the “as is, where id’h i swith the buyer supplying the shipping,but the return of valuable mataridto the. Statea for resale and the redis-tribution of other material amangst

the U. S. armed forces necessitates theuse of a considerabb number of U. 5.car@ ships.

Qf the I5 hospital ships, 7 are re+maining with the various P a d c F b tunits, caring for Fleet permmnel atpoints where shore facilitiee are ndtavailable. The remaining 8 hospitalships are engaged in taking home thewounded and sick.

There are now approximately 795,-000 officers and men manning Fleetunits today as oompared with the1,015,000 who were aboard Wavy shipsin the Pacific 2 months ago. Demobili-zation of high point veterans, recom-

missioning of ships, and the establish-,ment of decreased peacetime comple-ments for each type of v e s d aIl con-tributed towards making it possible t oreturn a new high of 155,693 shore-based and afloat veterans during themonth of October.

3



official U. S. Navy PhOtOoraphS

UNCLE SAM’S huge advanced base a t Guam boasted this supply depot of 451 quonsets, covering 6,384 acres.

SPRINGBOARD TOOur Advanced Base System Developed in This

War Proved Potent Weapon in Trek to Tokyo

NE O F THE greatest weapons in0 he long trek to Tokyo, theNavy’s advanced base system, is nowbeing partially rolled up.

The operation is proceeding- SO

quickly, in fact, that one day after- Admiral Nimitz’ triumphal reception

on Nimitz Day in Washington, UnderSecretary of the Navy Artemus L.Gates told a news conference:

“Admiral Nimitz reports that theyare rolling up bases and releasingships faster than planned, and as a

result a reduction in critical scoresfor both officers and enlisted men maybe speeded up.”

Some of the fa ct s behind this :As of a month o r so ago, only 60%

of the Navy’s Pacific bases wereclassified as still “in operation.” . . .

and onl+ 13% of the Atlantic bases.In each theater, 32 % of all bases hadalready been disestablished or aban-doned. And the process is still going on.

Not all will be disestablished, byany means. The Navy has plans fo r acontinuing advanced base system af te rthe war, to insure peace and providesupport bases f o r its ships and planes.These will in due time come up beforeCongress fo r approval.

The value of the advanced base hadbeen proven more than adequately

during the war. It was such a logicalweapon, in fact, that most people werenot aware that it was a new one-that we had not had anything quitelike i t before. Admiral Nimitz ha:called it “the Navy’s secret weapon.

Even in the first World War, when

VICTORYNavy ships were a familiar sight inthe ports of England, Ireland, France

and Italy, there was nothing that ap-proached the present advanced basesystem, for then we were just using“parking space” in the harbors andbases of o ther powers, and we weren’tmounting any grand-scale amphibiousoperations such as those that markedthe advance through the Pacific. Asa matter of record, there were fewerships of all types in European watersat the end of World War I, than therewere bases established in this war.

The first war’s bases differed notonly in size and scope, but also in pur-pose and strategy. Bres t was HQ fo rU. S. patrol squadrons operating in

European waters. Queenstown was abase for U. S. antisubmarine activity.Berehaven kept its three U. S. battle-ships in readiness for a possible raidby German battle cruisers againsttroop convoys (the Germans decidednot to risk it). Cardiff was a base for

4 A41 UANVS



used as supply collection points, ser-vice points fo r the fleets of f reigh ters,and primarily to bring our suppliescloser t o the field of action. This wasalso tr ue of bases built in th e Alaskangroup-Adak, Una laska, Kodiak. Butin addition these latter bases also hada mission of patrol and defense, so inaddition to supply and staging, theyhad to be equipped f o r active patroland combat. Airfields had to be set upand equipped with radar to detect ap-

proaching enemy; loran stations wereset up t o guide aircraft and shipsthrough the perpetual fogs in thatarea.

The central group of bases, inFlud-ing Midway, the Marshalls, the Mari-anas, Palau, the Philippines and theRyukyus, was laboriously built t o sup,ply the fleet, furnish air support, re-pair and maintain the forces afloatand in the air, and serve as stagingarea for personnel and equipmentmoving forward. Scores of battle-damaged ships were saved the longtrip back to the States o r to Pearldue t o the ability of these bases to

repair them near the scene of battle.

Fighting With Your HeaUIn the early days, the rear bases

that were used to stage and mountour assault troops were put togetheras best they could be with materialon hand. Area commanders wouldorder individual items-tents, quonsethuts, cement, lumber, tractors, bull-dozers-as they were needed, and thenthe Navy’s procurement beagles wouldturn t o and secure what was wanted-or the nearest thing to it.

Gradually, time and experienceshowed the need for a better system

than this, and some typical U,. S.headwork provided the answer : pre-formed, tailor-made uni ts composed ofmaterial and men equipped andtrained t o do a specific job whereverand whenever required of them. A s

new areas were opened up, assemblieswere built up ahead of time, consistingof complete tactical units of men andmaterial, ready to move to the forwardare as as the needs of w ar demanded.,

This keystone, of the Navy’s ad-vanced base planning was known asthe functional component system, andit was as much of a new type weaponin its way as radar, or the variabletime fuze, o r the atomic bomb. Itlicked a supply problem in a war that

was largely a matter of logistics.In the beginning, an area com-

mander who wanted a ship-repairfacility at his base used to have t oorder item by item the material re-quired for his hull-repair equipment,his boiler and shipfitter shop, foundryand blacksmith shop, sheet metal shop,cooperage, pipe and welding shop,machine shop, internal combustion en-gine shop, radio, radar and sonarshop, carpenter and patternmakershop, electrical and refrigeration shop,canvas and gas mask shop, gyrocom-pass repair kit and tools, his spares,parts, tools and books.

Then he had to figure out his hous-ing, his utilities, water, heat andpower, his waterfront structure, pon-toons and transportation equipment,his construction materialp, cranes,hoists, lumber, cement and hardware.He had to figure also how many menwould be needed i n each shop and howmany officers to guide them.

Under the functional component sys-tem, his order would simply read:“Send me one ‘X2’ component.” Andit would ar rive tailor-made . .. totalof some 7,500 measurement tons ofmaterial, 22 officers and 72 0 men.

O r : one ship-repair component.

One self-sustaining standard ad-vanced .base unit includes the com-ponents of a major all-purpose base,capable of major ship repairs andwith enough supplies to maintain it-self 90 days, o r until a flow of supplies

can be st arte d from the States to sup-port it. It includes over 13,000 itemgroups, and more than 375,000 items,and with it would come 8,692 men, allprepared to take over their specific’jobs. The unit would even arrive inseveral echelons, with first thingsneeded coming first.

The Lion and the CubBecause a ship-repair component

can’t operate without a hospital, amesshall, a supply depot and such,these components, too, are formed intogroups comprising a complete bnsebuilt for a specific purpose an d capableof self-support. Types:

o A Lion, largest of the groups,consists of al l the personnel and ma-terial needed to establish a major all-purpose base, and includes 66 separatetypes of functional components. It’sa city in itself.

o A Cub is a m‘edium-sized ad-vanced fuel and supply depot.

e An Acorn is an advanced a ir base.0 A Gropac can operate harbor and

waterfront facilities.

Since these a re all composed of in-dividual components, an area com-mander may add or subtract in orderto tailor the finished product t o hisparticular needs.

lead TimeTo have these items available at the

time and place when and where thearea commander will need them, “leadtime” (meaning the amount of timeyou have t o allow in advance in orderto get an item on a certain date) hast o be considered. Even though all thenecessary raw materials are in the

United Stqtes, it takes time to convertthem into machines and equipment.F o r instance, laboratory equipmenthad to be ordered six months in ad-vance; pont”oons, 10 months; smallboats, 1 2 months; quonset huts, 14

SUPPLY SHIPS, like this AKS loading at Guam, were THIS GAS PLANT manufactured gas for Pacific forces,used t o carry ‘supermarket’ service t o fleet units at sea. freeing three ships a month to carry other supplies.

6 ALL HANDS



MANPOWER is nee ded to run bases. Part of Guam’s99 officers, 8,000 men assemble a t morning ‘muster.

16

In addition, components required

. Planning had to considerwould be ready. An

t o be accomplished with

When people at home read that

o operate as an advanced base, theyit

in ships, *men and equipment.

For instance, t o establish the beach-

40 carriers, 21 battle-24 cruisers and 180 destroyers.

The cost of building the ships en-

ted a t $7,800,000,000. And

ment and f or the train ing of

The task force ships were loadedfreight

s of ammunition, while the food on

rmont and Wyoming witha day fo r 15 days.

Medical supplies were sufficient t o60 days of treatment for the

600,000,000 gallons of fuel

forces to their objective.Plans made before the surrender of

f ge ar and supplies as well90,000 shore-based personnel forinitial establishment of the base

Okinawa. And initia l establishmentjus t the start . Maintenance is an

._ %

FAST ROADBUILDING got bases into operation; herecrushed coral on steel mats does the trick in double time.

even greater problem. For example,15 months after the establishment ofManus, the maintenance volume was4% times the initial tonnage.

Where the Bases Were

Here’s a line-up of the total num-ber of bases that have been establishedin each of the principal theaters andareas of war:

Paci f ic Theater

Hawaiian and Line Islands. . . . . . . . . . 3 8South Paciflc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5Southeast Paciflc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0Aleutians and Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6Australia and New Guinea . . . . . . . . . . 4 6Gilberts and Marshalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0Marianas and Western Carolines.. . . . 7Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Ryukyus .......................... 2Indian Ocean and Near East. . . . . . . . 11

Total, Paciflc ................... 2 0 6

Atlantic Theater

’North Atlantic ..................... 1 8Panama, Gulf and Caribbean . . . . . . . . 6 7South Atlantic .................... 2 5North Africa and Mediterranean.. . . . 55Great Britain, France and Germany. 6 3

Total, Atlantic . . . . .. .......... 2 2 8

Grand Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

-

~

Not all these bases existed at anyone time, as the policy has been fol-lowed of closing up facil ities no longerneeded to support the war.

After Japan was beaten, the processof the advanced bases went into re-verse. Only one-eighth of the Atlanticbases are still in operation, onlythree-fifths of the Pacific ones. Al-ready a third of the Pacific bases havebeen disestablished or abandoned; an-

other 12 percent ar e in reduced status,and about one-half of one percent incaretaker statu s. One percent havebeen transferred to other powers or tothe Army.

Once an outfit receives its homewardorders , the process of disestablish inga base is not one to be lingered over.

Bizerte, Tunisia, for example, was alarge and important base. It wasliterally the “alligator’s nest” fr omwhich swarms of amphibious craftsailed for Mediterranean assaults. Yetit was almost entirely disestablishedin a very short time.

The extent of disestablishment bfour many far-flung bases is dependenton many factors, not the least of

which is national policy.In the European area, with 3 fewexceptions, bases have been removedalmost without trace.

The Pacific area presents an entire-ly different problem. With t he Navy’slarge - dale demobilization problem,only the main fleet bases can be pre-served in anything approximatingwartime status.

Future Bases

In testifying before the HouseNaval Affairs Committee on thispoint, Secretary of the Navy For-restal said:

“We propose major bases at Kodiakand Adak in the Aleutians; Hawaii;Balboa in the Canal Zone; Guam, Sai-pan and Tinian in the Marianas; theBonin-Volcano Islands ; perhaps theRyukyus; Manus in the Admiralties(if Australia will grant us the rightto a base there) ; and the Philippines.

“In the Atlantic we suggest majorinstallatjons at Argentia in New-foundland, Bermuda, San Juan, Guan-tanamo Bay, Coco Sola, and Trinidad.”

Meanwhile, unit by unit the baseswhich are not needed will be deceler-ated in activity and pygmied in size,

although skeleton caretaker forceswill generally remain-whether Army,Navy, Marine, Coast Guard or civilianguards-to insure that , pending legis-lation, the United States will at leasthave a beat for its policemen of peaceshould the need for them ever ariseagain.



- _ l _ m _ l _ _ ^ ~ _ _ l -- - -

NAVY ‘TASK FORCE’ secretly trained and equipped Chinese guerrillas for special missions against Japs in China.

NOTHER “now it can be told”A st or y- on e of the best-kept secretsof the Pacific war-came out lastmonth when it was revealed that aU. S. naval group had been operatingwith Chinese guerrillas behind theJap lines in China. Their combined

efforts, the Navy disclosed, had beena vital factor in the smashing blowsof the Pacific Fleet against Jap-heldislands, the Jap Navy and, finally,Jap an itself.

How Navy, Marine Corps an8 CoastGuard men teamed up with Chinesefighters was not a story that could betold even when V-J Day came becauseso many of the members were in pa rt sof China still dominated by Japanesetroops. Now th at the Japs have beenrounded up and disarmed, the U. S.Navy and the Chinese Governmenthave felt it safe to lift the curtain on“SACO,” the Sino-American Coopera-

tive Organization, which brought es-sential information to the Allies anddeath to the Japs.

Among other little jobs, SACO(pronounced “Socko”) had :

set up weather, communicationsand intelligence stations behind theJap lines.

Bold Navy Teams Aid Chinese Guerrillas

Conduct Secret War Behind Enemy Lines

e supplied information from insideChina for the prowling U. S. Fleetand for U. S. submarines ju st off the

coast.0 put the finger on strategic targets

for o u r air forces.0 provided air-ground communica-

tion against advancing Jap troops.0 aided aerial mining of enemy-

controlled waters.0 rescued 76 Allied pilots and air-

crewmen.e killed, in one 13-month period,

more than 23,000 Japanese.Secret of SACO’s amazing military

achievement was the natural friend-ship between Americans and Chineseand their mutual determination t o de-fe at their common enemy. In fact,

SACO became known in military talkas Friendship Project and “Friend-ship” was the code name that pro-tected its members.

Shortly after Pearl Harbor, theU. S. Navy and the National Mili-ta ry Council of China began layingtheir foundations for offensive action

again st Japan. They decided to estab-lish a weather service in strategic lo-cations throughout China including

the Jap-held areas, from which theweather comes on its way acrossChina and Japan into the Pacific.

To cooperate with the Americans onthis venture, Generalissimo ChiangKai-shek assigned his Bureau of Inves-tigation and Statistics of the NationalMilitary Council, which was to provideforces and facilities needed in China.For th e U. S., Admiral King andGeneral Marshall, Navy and Armyleaders, assigned Rear Admiral (thenCommander) M. E. Miles, USN, whowas to work out the arrangements andhead the American participation.

With this help from the Chinese

Government, our fleet was alreadygetting regular weather reports fromoccupied areas in the Far East by theend of 1942. The success of thisopened up some other possibilities,valuable both t o us and to,the Chinese.

The Navy found that the weatherservice could be readily expanded to

. A t t HANDS



g movements. The Chineseit t o increase their sources of

ation on J a p operations.The Chinese provided substantial

rcover forces to protect t heobservers. The Navy, using

ofChinese guerrillas fighting the

Army cooperation, including air

he start. OSS-the Office of Strategicices-also contributed greatly, e;-ally in assigning particu larly well-

. S.-China TeamworkAs this unique Chinese-American

a need for

To arrange for this, the re-e heads, General Tai L i and

a formal agree-V.

ecretary of the Navy Frank Knox,

This agreement created SACO andit China and the United States

perated what is probably the mostlosely integrated Allied organization

a language

Chinese and Americans lived, workednd fought side by side, getting out

ou r ships andsubs needed. Individual units set up

weather, commtmicationg and intelli-gence stations all the way from theborders of Indochina t o the northernreaches of the Gobi desert, with mostof the activ ity concentrated along theChina coast behind the north-southJapanese lines.

SACO Americans became adept atChinese disguises, and, guided bySACO Chinese, slipped safely throughenemy lines time and again. Not oneSACO member was ever detected.

Fieet operations in the westernPacific made the most of Chinaweather reports, especially in plan-ning and executing hazardous carrierstrikes despite the treacherous wea therconditions prevailing near Formosaand the Jap home islands.

SACO coast watchers aided the subcampaign against Jap shipping, pro-viding the information whicEi enabledU. S. undersea craft to intercept anddestroy Japan’s seaborne lifeline. Theyalso aided the 14th Air Force, report-ing not only Japanese shipping buttroop movements, supply concentra-tions, airfield developments, bridgesand other strategic targets whichhard-hitting Army flyers promptly at-tacked.

In addition, all SACO intelligenceand weather reports were sentpromptly t o Chinese and Americanarmy headquarters.

How SACO Socked ’EmSome examples of how SACO worked

in various ways against the enemy:0 During the critical Japanese drive

on Kweilin in August 1944, when Maj.Gen. Claire L. Chennault’s planes werehaving difficulty locating enemy col-umns advancing through rugged ter-

rain northeast of the city, Lt. StanleyE. McCaffrey, USNR, a SA C0 officer at-tached t o the 14th Air Force, joinedfront-line Chinese forces, establishedair-ground communications, and stuck

to his post only a few hundred yardsfrom the enemy for 19 days despiteinjury from the constant mortar andart ill ery fire. A 14th AAF officer re-ported, “It was as if our planes werebeing led by the hand.” For his featof bravery and endurance, which aidedthe Army flyers in killing 3,000 Japsand knocking out eleven 75-mm. guns,Lt. McCaffrey received the ArmyBronze Star.

e Sparked by Naval Group China,

which provided trained mine-warfareoflicers, the 14th AAF began ae ria lmining of enemy-controlled waters asearly as October 1943. SACO forcesfurnished intelligence for Gen. Chen-nault’s Liberators to plant minesalong coast shipping routes, in Jap-held harbors and on the vital inlandwater rputes of the Yangtze river.Thousands of tons of enemy shippingwere sunk, transportation routes wereparalyzed and ports were closed forweeks while the fr ant ic Japs tried toclear them of mines.

As a result of this aerial miningand of the alertness of the manySACO coast watchers, the Jap s shiftedtheir shiDping routes further out tosea-where they promptly fell prey toU. S. submarines.

Q Chinese guerrillas, trained andarmed by the Navy, formed demolitionsquads that killed Japanese, blew u ptrains, and destroyed o r captured hugequantitie s of enemy material andequipment.

0 Using ambushes and raids on out-posts, patrols and garrisons, SACO-trained guerrillas struck at rovingJaps out on the search for food inru ral areas. By repeatedly wiping outthese foraging groups, the guerrillascu t enemy food supplies and made theJapanese airaid t o come out fromtheir strongholds except in force. Insome areas this guerrilla pressure wasso great that Japanese soldiers were

CARE AND FEEDING of Yankee machines, especiallythe ieep, was popular subject with Chinese guerrillas.

D€C€M8ER 194s

GUERRILLA SCHOOL offered variety of instruction.These SACO students are learning veterinary medicine.

9



WEATHER INFORMATION forwarded by SACO guidedfleet and air strikes on Formosa and Jap homeland.

identification andthe FBI and the

weakened seriously by starvation diets.0 SAGO-trained sabotage experts did

wholesale destruction to barracks, as-riembly halls, storage dumps and ware-houses, anchored Japanese vessels andm a l l craft. One unit of Chinese andAmericans early this year attacked a:L,OOO-ton fr eighter docked in Amoy,used delayed charges t o kill or injure

all personnel aboard, destroyed thefreighter and threw the Amoy areainto confusion.

0 From 1 June 1944 o 1 July 1945,SACO guerrillas killed 23,540 Japs,wounded 9,166 and captured 291. Theydestroyed 20 9 bridges, 84 locomotives,141 ships and river craft, and 97depots and warehouses.

Killing 3 or 1

The score wasn’t always that lucky.In the early days of the wa r Chineseguerrillas were losing in combat ap-proximately three men for every Jap

killed. But SAGO-trained guerrillaspromptly increased the toll of Japlosses, and in 1945 had reversed theratio. This year they killed more tha n2.000 Japs a month at a cost of lessthan one Chinese for three Japs.

SACO activities have been inspectedin recent months by GeneralissimoChiang Kai-shek, U. S. AmbassadorPatrick J. Hurley and Lt. Gen. AlbertWedemeyer, the Generalissimos’ chiefof staff and commander of all U. S.

SAC0 troops were prominent in theliberation of Foochow and Wenchow,and some SACO units, including sev-

eral Chinese naval officers, weretrained in the U . S. for amphibiouswork and captured and occupiedseveral of the smaller Japheld islandsalong the China coast.

T o keep the Japs and their puppetsfrom infiltrating into Free China,SACO Chinese stressed assistance in

in the China theater.

security. Aided byFederal Bureau of

Narcotics, the Navy provided a train-ing unit on this, and Coastguardsmenalso taught the Chinese the handlingof dogs for sentry duty and patrolwork. Improvement in Chinese se-curity was rapid.

The Navy provided medical person-

nel and supplies not only t o care forSACO Americans but to overcomecritical shortages which had handi-capped the Chinese. Small hospitalunits were set up in some forwardareas and saved the lives of manySACO men wounded in combat.

Despite operations in some of themost disease-ridden areas of the world,Navy medical officers by rigorous pre-ventive measures maintained a highstandard of health among the person-nel of SACO and were able to bringmodern medical care to thousands ofChinese allies who had never knownit before.

Close Escapes

Working closely with other rescueagencies and loyal Chinese civilians,SACO also aided in the rescue ofAllied flyers brought down in Japa-nese territory. Up to 1 July these in-cluded 30 pilots and 46 aircrewmen,both American and Chinese, as well asa U. S, ,w ar correspondent, Don Bell.

It was Bell who, reporting on therescue of his party, wrote, “Imagineour gasps of amazed delight whentold that there was a U. S. NavalStation iust 80 li (about 27 miles)

away. Here we had been shot downless than a mile from a Ja p garrison,we had been shelled, we had beenchased by motor boats and searchedfor by J ap planes less than two hoursago-and here was a man telling usthat we were within a few hours ofsafety. We met the Navy within 24



FROM inE PERSPECTIVE OF

T WAS appropriate that World W arI 1 should have ended aboard one ofAmerica’s mightiest warships. Fornever in the nation’s history had ourNavy played so crucial and tre-mendous a role. Never had the Navyso strongly demonstrated the Mahancredo that “upon the sea primarilymust be found our power to secure ourown borders and t o sustain our ex-te rnal policy.” Never had our Navyfought against greater initial oddsnor attained a more glorious victory.

The attack on Pearl Harbor plungedthe country into a two-ocean war witha one-ocean Navy. Our Allies were atebb tide, our enemies at flood. Im-mediately confronting our Navy werethe problems of delaying Japanese ex-

V I C T O R Y , ALL HANDS PRESENTS A PICTORIAL REVIEW

pansion; convoying troops and sup-plies virtually all over the world;fighting the submarine menace. Itwas a desperate holding action, a fightfo r the time American factories, ship-yards and training centers needed topour out the warships, planes, person-nel and ammunition to fight a globalwar.

There had been no hesitation, how-ever, no thought of quitting as Amer-ica went t o wa r and to work-and the

Id. Slowly, painfullycame back from de-

nents. I n beaticg off the gravestthr eat in the nation’s history ihe Navyexpanded 30-fold in five years. Build-ing power, speed and mobility the

11



SPAIN saw democracy topple a s

‘I for practice.

scismipain.war ,

(ested‘anco.vorld,re onk UPwhat’ and! Pa-d th efiring

wereGer-days

*lared

THIOPIA fel t Fascist heel in midd le

0s sMussolini’s legions cut loose.

CHINA knew war early but Ja p WAR blazed when Nazis struck

murderers hit high gear in 1937. down Poland in blitzkrieg style.

FRANCE fell wi th l o w Countries in

1940 and Hitler did victory jig.

12

BRITAIN shook under lu ft wa ff e RUSSIA was next as Hitler began

blasts, but she wou ldn ’t give up. his heralded ‘Drang nach Osten’.

ALL M A I D S



JAVA SEA campaign was cosfly defensive fight. This

picture of British cruiser casualty was found in Tokyo.

ATLANTIC battle for sea lanes W I

convoys and armed guard fought

jet for Dooliffle's 6-25s leaving deck

'0 repay Pearl Harbor debt to Japs.

DAUNTLESS the plane and operat ion . Nava l fliers

over Wak e in one of first mid-Pacific aerial raids.

DOWN.goes carrier Wasp, part of price w e paid to

conquer Guadalcanal on the bloody road to Japan.

TRAGIC end of carrier Lexingfon marred Baffle of

Coral Sea, but there w e checked Jap aggression.



HUGE was the Japanese empire torn by conquest fromunprepared peace-loving nations up to m i d - 1 9 4 2 .

HITLER’S dream of dominat ion was almost real izedas his troops neared Mos cow a nd Alexa ndr ia in 7942 .

IL L PREPARED, WE FOUGHT GRIMLYN VICTORY it is easy to forg et weI might have lost. But mere mention

of the six months aft er P earl Harborbrings uncomfortable memories of thetremendous early Jap advantage inthe Pacific and the menace of Nazisubs off our coast in the Atlantic. Thiswas o u r defensive phase, later calledby Admiral King “a remarkable chap-ter in the history of naval warfare.”It was dur ing these months our Navy,with the British Fleet, rallied desper-ately to hold open the long tenuous

sea lanes in both the Atlantic and.Pacific.

What did America have to delayJap expansion in the Far East afterPear l Harbor? There were Gen. Mac-Arthur’s forces stranded in th e Philip-ines; marine garrisons at Guam and

b a k e ; a few aviation units and ourAsiatic Fleet. That fleet included theheavy cruiser Houston, light cruiserMarblehead, 13 overage destroyers, 29submarines, 2 Catalina squadrons.

This force was joined by the Boise-and the PTs. As the fleet bore thebrunt of the Ja p onrush Americandestroyers frequently found them-selves tak ing on J a p cruisers. Andalways with the enemy was vastlysuperior land-based air power.

By January 1942 the. Japs werewell-entrenched in the Philippines andit was obvious they would reach forthe rich Netherlands Indies andBorneo. American, Australian, andDutch vessels joined forces in a vain

attempt to halt the Japs in th e JavaSea campaign. The odds were over-whelming and only four American de-stroyers of the joint force had escapedwhen the Japs invaded Java on 28February.

A d m i r a 1 Nimitz’s Pacific Fleetsounded the rumblings of the bigoffensives to come when units underAdmiral Halsey undertook raids onthe Marshall and Gilbert Islands be-ginning 31 Jan 1942. Late in Febru-

ary came similar American navalraids on Wake and in March o u r war-ships struck at New Guinea ports ofLae and Salamaua.

But the re al “shot in the arm ” cameon 18 April when medium Army landbombers took off from t he carr ierHomzet and bombed Tokyo.

Stung by the Doolittle raid, the J ap sdrove on, building bases in NewGuinea, New Britain, the Solomons.They were now in a position tothreate n Australia.

Then early in May, our Navy struckthe blow that definitely checked theenemy advance and set the scene forpossible offensive operations. Thi s wasthe battle of Coral Sea, 7-8 May 1942.It was the first major naval engagc-ment in history in which sur face shipsdid not exchange a shot. Our price inthis crucial battle was the carrierLexington. But a victory for the Jap smight have meant the invasion ofAustralia.

EXPENDABLE, plucky P T s wer e te rr ie rs w h o took on DESPERATELY our forces fought off S a nta Cruz. Wel ions. PTs played big ro le in s lowing do wn Japanese . lost the Hornet, but crippled fwo Japanese f lat-tops.

D€C€M8€R 1948 15



SAMPLE of Jap past ing a t Mid wa y, turning pointof war, is this enem y cruiser. W e hit six carriers.

GUADALCANAL, where Mar ines landed to begin theirbloody, determined drive toward Land of Rising Sun.

invasion On 8 Nov 1942,Allied troopsTHEN, GROW NG POW ER TOLD poured ashore from hundreds of ships,protected by the guns of American

A F T E R the battle of Coral Sea f o r west coast ; we could now concentra te and Briti sh warships. Less than anearly a month brooding tension our strength in the South Pacific. year later, the Army having mopped

hung over the Pacific. Where, from Then on 7 August came the step up in North Africa and Sicily, theAlaska to Midway, would the Japs that was to lead us to mastery of the Navy assembled once more-and on 3str ike next? Concluding the blow southwest Pacific-invasion of Guadal- Sept 1943 the Allies invaded Italy.would come in the vicinity of Mid- canal. For three months, the Fir st Growing in power, the Allies wereway, the Navy deployed its strength Marines, Reinforced, clung to the gaining the offensive, and the Navy bythere. On June 1942 a large enemy at- fever-infested jungle while the Navy now was playing the toughest role intack force was spotted several hun- did convoy duty and fought off re- its history-a major share in two war s

dred miles southwest. peated Jap naval assaults in the bat- simultaneously. While plans wereAlthough a few Jap planes hi t Mid- tles of the Eas ter n Solomons, Cape formulated fo r the invasion of France,

way, American Army, Navy and Ma- Esperance, Santa Cruz Island. Admiral Nimitz proceeded to organizerine fliers had a field day with Jap Despite German subs, late the same uni ts of the Pacific Fleet f o r assaultscarri ers and cruisers. Japan’s defeat year, off the coast of Africa, the Navy on the enemy’s outposts in the centralended the threat to Hawaii and our massed for the war’s first large-scale Pacific, fo r the final drive to Japan.

BEGINNING of end for Hitler was Al l ied Af r ican GONE were Japs whe n w e recaptured Kiska and At tu .invasion that doomed Rommel’s fa m ed Afri ka Korps. Gon e too was Japan’s threat to our northern flank.

I6 A44 UANVS



OVERALL Allied strategy against Nazis called forthrusts from north, south and east during 1943-44.

PATTERN for victory in Pacific plotted drives fromsouth and east, by invasions, sea and air strikes.

WE POISED FOR OFFENSIVESOW THE TABLES were turned.

N It was for the Allies to choosewhen and where they would strike;for the Axis to worry about spreadingorces. Afri ca, Sicily, the boot of It aly

were ours. In the Pacific we wereready to hit the outer perimeter ofhe J a p strong defenses.

The time was ripe to survey thestrategy for the major invasions. It

as decided that Normandy was themost advantageous spot for the great-st invasion in history. This was Op-ration Overlord. Another assau lt

along the southern coast of France,known as Operation Anvil, was aimedat more than 25 miles southwest ofCannes, to be followed by a drive upthe Rhone Valley. Russia, which hadbeen alone in the fight on the conti-nent for so long, would launch an all-out drive into Poland and the Balkans.

In the Pacific, it was realized thetedious "island-hopping" process wasmuch too slow, and suitable only wheno u r forces were weak. The overallstrategy called f o r offensives up th ePacific from the south and east, en-

veloping the Gilberts, Marshalls,Marianas, Philippines, Iwo, Okinawaand then the home islands of Japan.On the mainland of Asia plans weremade for the recapture of Burma, theouster of the Japs from China.

For the Navy these plans meant th efullest exploitat lon of every ship,plane, base; daring strategy thatwould keep the Japs constantly offbalance. It meant a battle of logisticssuch as the world had never known.It meant .our Navy would be cruisingth e Pacific with a chip on its shoulder,anxious t o clash with the Imperialfleet in a battle of no-quarter attritionuntil the Jap navy was no more.

,

O RIG INAL 'Big 3 ' , Stalin, Raosev elt, Churchill , ma pp ed COM BINE D Chiefs of Staff coordinated intricateglobal strategy. This was at Teheran late in 19 43. Al l ied operat ions that exfended around 'he world .

17



DARING U . S . subs whitt led Jap merchant shipping,cut supply l ines and he lped blockade J ap home land .

SHEPHERD of the sea, Navy bat t led d ive bombers,beat sub menace to get sinews of wa r to dest inat ion .

ARMS WERE MADE AND DELIVEREDE BEST plans in t he world would

ons and the means of ge ttin g theweapons where they were most needed.Now came the acid test in our battleof logistics. We would have to sky-rocket ou r production, ship the ma-terial to destinations all ovcr theworld, build t he advanced bases f or thehaymaker punches. At the same timeenemy production would have t3 ba

THave been worthless without weap-curtailed by our air power and anyother means, and enemy shipping de-stroyed in a war of attrition. Perfectdouble-play combination was neededbetween home front and armed forces.

By 1943, when the enemy l o s t theinitiative, American production hadunderwritten victory.

As quickly as weapons were loadedon ships the Navy shepherded cargovessels t o gathering Allied armies. In

the Atlantic our planes, blimps andwarships hacked away at lurking U-boat packs. By contrast, in th e Pacific,our own subs played havoc with Japshipping, aiding a blockade that nar-rowed and tightened until the enemy’slife line was completely choked off andthe war of attrition won.

We were winning the battle of logis-tics, one of the keys to decision, andthat was spelling out complete victory.

1 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 I



1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945

I945

HERS of fighters, mill ions like this man-and his w if e an d daughter as well-fought too. Their foxholeser e complex factories, their victories we re in the baffle of production as America converfed to tofal war.

19



SUPPLIESto advar

BA?ER MI IT w e w erwere ourbases invships repstored anair strips

A D V A

i for f ight ing men were del ivered b y shipsnred bases mushrooming throughout world.

NERVE CENTERS for huge suppl!ofiices like this, coordinating m

tances tremendouVALS for the lines of ships can forces begane throwing around th e world tained. islands. The Gill:

the web of blockade spun and main-

advanced bases. A t these Fo r war in the Western Hemisphere rianas were won .asion forces were gathered; do,” the Seabeesaired, crews rested; supplies boards in jungle ;d shipped to fighting fron ts; and, most important, England. To From these balaid fo r softening-up blows; now ready t o striE

NCED BASES, not all as gigantic a s this one at G ua m , supported the vast offensivc

we had Natal, the Caribbean islands,Newfoundland, Greenland, I c e 1 a n d

these, by force of arms, we added t h e



TASK FORCE a t p e a k had unequ al led power and mobi l ity . Th is was the mighty Third Fleet.

MONG TH E gr ea t weapons forgedby the home front were the ships

spearheads-the Fast TaskThere had been task forces be-

this war, but nothing like thi s newso big

STRUCK HARDand powerful that it alone could havecome t o grips with any prewar Navy.

Built around aircraft carriers andtheir planes, teamed with battleships,cruisers and destroyers, it was an awe-some thing.

The Fas t Task Force was more than

a mere gratuitous show of navalpower. It was created to meet theproblems of vas t distance. Capable ofremaining at sea fo r months a t a ime,it kept the enemy off balance anddrove him ever closer t o his own homewaters. It dealt out havoc with greatsurprise, power and range, and in theend proved one of the chief weaponsf o r our destruction of the Jap navy.

f94S

FLAT-TOPS, mightiest in history, gave unparalleledstriking power to the hard-driving Fast Task Force.

a1



TEAMWORK of powerfu l sea and land forces was key to dazz l ingsuccess of Normandy amphibious invasion spel l ing German downfal l .

PREPARATION against possible enemy counter-thrusts was made quickl

INVASION§ WERE THE PAYOFFCEANS ere formidable barriers, €all of Italy in September 1943 and United Nations was at stake-and0 ut fc r the nation enjcying nz vd knocl;ed its Navy out of the war. silccess doomed Germany.YJperjority they become high-roads of Then on 15 August, 10 days beforeinvasion.” . ..General Marshall . in increasing sccpe and power. In the Nazis were driven from P a i s ,

AmpEibious operations were char- Europe, tile greatest amphibious in- southern France was invaded.acteri ctk of our offensives from the Coupled with these invasions, thebeginning. We had sta rted with vasion in history was Russians opened their greatest offen-Guadalcrnal in the Pacific and North Wainst Normandy on 6 June 1944. sive late in June, carrying the RedAfrica on the other fycnt. Guadal- For this operation the Allies massed armies into portions of Germany forcanal opened the way t o the Far East thousands of ships, men by the hun- the first time. Rumania, Hungary andand North Africa led directly to th e dreds of thousands. The fa te of the Bulgaria were forced out of the war.

But invasions were destined to

PLANE attacks constant threat to JUNCTURE of beachheads was f irs f UNIQUE improvisation found U . 5.our supply l ines moving off Sicily. aim in Southern France lan din g. N a v y crossing the Rhine in 1945.

22 A l l UAMVS



NAVAL SUPPORT for invaslons meant new hazards such a s this Kami-ka ze at tack on carrier off O ki n aw a, but brave m en topped this tr ick too.

was completed, twa o f the mast im-portant and costliest -invasions of thePaciflc had been executed. On 19 Feb1045 the Marines hit t he beach at IwoJima. Then on 1 April-Easter Sun-day-cme the assault an Okinawa.When they were taken we had airstrips t ha t meant eonstant bombing ofJapan. Invasion clouds had gatheredover the Japane~ie omeland.

into all invasions went the mostcareful planning, the mast completecoardinstioa.

The Normandy Invasion, fa r example,was, to begin with, a major air opera-tion with planes carrying out 7,600

sorties over the invasion area frommidnight to 08:O on D-day. The planesbearing the airborne army stretched250 miles. It wa s also a major navaloperation, including 4,000 merchantand warships, and several thousandsmaller landin craf t. One-third ofthe ships were imerican. And, final!:.,it was a tremendous Army operation.

From the nerve-wracking am hibi-ous invasions o f Tarawa, Pefelieu,Iwo, Sicily, Anzio, Salerno and otherbeaches came the biggest payoff ofwar-victory. From the merger o fland and sea forces came a power thatguaranteed the doom of the Axis,

SOFTENING u p by battleship guns SPEEDY landing craft earned bigpreceded our Invasion of G u a m . p a r t in invasions US a t f w o Jima.

23



DEADLY AA f i re was one result ofVT fuze which our labs developed.

FIREPOWER was given big boostby rockets l ike these on a n LSM.

BATTLE OF THE SCIENTISTSahh:

bi

SHROUDED in secrecy, the scien- battle, but of tremendous importancetists of the warr ing nations waged to the Allies, was th e rad ar equip-

silent battle-a battle which might ment developed by Bri tish and Amer-ave changed the outcome of the war ican scientists. Our rad ar was par-ad the Axis won the victory. ticularly effective in th e Pacific be-Not as sensational as the atomic cause of its marked superiority over

om5, which was the climax of the the Japanese types. It was virtually

JET propulsion gave planes ad -vantage s in speed and po wer .

indispensable fo r our warships andplanes in the final stages of the war.A third valuable product of o u r re-

search laboratories was the rocketgun, especially effective ib the lastPacific invasions. Another of manyscientific products that helped shortenand win the war was the V-T cze.Though our scientists earned no battlestars, they swung t he tide of battle.

RADAR, new magie eye , gave us a b i g e dge . A T O M I C BOMB was climax in crucial scientific race.



OUR BUILT-UPPOWER WASJAPS’ DQQM

HE NAZIS were prostrate, occupa-T ion forces had part3ioned Gezmany

and our Army had begun deployingadditional troops to the Pacific whenthe Navy swung its hzymaker atJapan. Smashing to wiihin sight ofthe Jap mainland, o m battleships,cruisers, destroyers struck with un-paralleled fury in th e last week ofJuly.

Trapping the last remnants of theonce-powerful Jap navy in the Kurearea, planes of the Third Fleet leftthe enemy without a single c%pitalship in fighting condition. O u r battle-ships brazenly stood off the Ja p coastshelling Japan’s great cities and re-maining military installations. Japan’s

war was coming home t o roost and thepeople were getting a good taste ofwha t the y had fed th e Chinese. Thewa r medicine they had planned t o fcedAmerica was being poured downJapan’s throat from Navy guns.

With the navcl bombardment camea terrific air pounding by our carrierplanes and B-29s. Japan had alreadybegun sending out strong peace feelerswhen the historic atomic bombs shat-tered Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Andbefore the J ap s could rally from theseblows Russia was in the Pacific war,pouring troops across Manchuria.

The crescendo of Allied might had

reached a tremendous volume. Thedays of early 1942 when a mutilatedAmerican Fleet faced a rampagingJap military machine were a burningcontrast. Our forces since then hadgathered‘strength, swept from islandto island in smashing offensives untilncw the J a p horrreland was being ham-mered to death and destruction andinevitable doom.

The Ja p wa r lords saw the hope ofnegotiated peace g o glimmering. Un-conditional surrender was no longer amatter of choice for Japan.



JOE FOR JOES wh o conquered Eniwetok. No gab,

no Sunday funnies, much too tired for sweet dreams.

STATESIDE the hard way, with Wave to ease pain

and make tedious waiting a little more endurable.

PEOPLE WEREOUR STRENGTHHIS WAS a people’s war-the lit tleT eople. At st ake were human dig-

nity, personal freedom, national honor.So the people went to war.

Sorrowfully, but determinedly, bythe million they donned uniforms in apeople’s ar my an d navy. Many mil-lions more-women as well a s men-unable t o fight, took up battle stationsin mammoth factories, tiny shops. Theluxuries they relished were sacrificed

that they and their childyen mightenjoy the liberties that were more im-portant. With their blood and sweatthey watered the flower of democracy,gave it greater strength, more radiantbeauty. Pitted against aggressors andsatellites, they the people, with theirtears and suffering, w o n freedom backaEd earxed the gratitude of futureAITHS of their fathers went wi th their ships into Pacific. These devout

fighting men held a candlelight sandbag communion before action. generations.

TENSION i s part of war. Air men HOME is where you wri te about DODGERS miles and months ?ram

prepare for next combat mission. it; on carrier York town, he knows. this Brooklynite sit ting in Saipan.

26 ALL M N V S



unkers entered a French schoolhouseat Rheims on 7 May to sign uncondi-tional surrender papers for t he ThirdReich that Hitler had vowed wouldalter the histo ry of the world fo r 1,000years. This time Germany would notbe able to say he r ar mies had not beenbeaten in the field.

Less than four months later, wither navy destroyed, her cities blasted,

her armies scattered, Japan gave up.Aboard the battleship Missouri, on 1September, the Jap representativesaccepted the unconditional surrenderterrrs drawn up by the “Big Three”at Potsdam in late July.

Thus ended the greatest, most de-vastating, widespread, miserable andcostly war in all history. One couldonly begin to measure its price bythese figures for America’s pa rt alone:

ore than 250,000 killed, 650,000wounded, $287,181,000,000 in money.

Peace had returned t o the world andahead lay the uncharted future

throvgh which, this time, peace hadt o stick. That was the lesson.

PEACE, long t h e d ream of nat ions, became a real i ty a s Shigemitsusisned uncondit ional surrender ab oard the Missouri in T o k y o B a y .

19-20June20 July

21 July15 August

20 Cctober23-26 October

13 February1 April12April2 m y7 Llcy8 Play3 July

17July

2 4- 3 J d y

G A n y s t

8 Auxust

Battle of Philinpine seaPlot to assassinateHitler fails

Guam retakenInvasion of southernFrance

14August

2 September

President Truman an-nounces Jap accept-ance of Allied sur ren -der terms

Unconditional surren-der papers signed- -. -

Invecion of Levte 5Sentember American troops inBattle for Lefte Gulf

194sIwo Jima invadedOkinawa invadedPres. Roosevelt diesDarlin fallsGermany surrendersSurrender ratifiedAmerican troops ente rCerlinPotszam Conference

opensRexnains of Ja p FleetannihilatedFixt atamic bomblevc!q I-Iircchi-anus-la declares waron Japan

Tokyo

PICTURE CREDITSPhotographs in this section were obtained as

indicated below. Figure indicates page; u. L..upper left; C., center; L.L., lower left: etc. Se-lections made from combat photographers’ 100best are indicated by asterisk.

11. Navy*; 12. All, Press Association. be.:13 . Navy*; 14. U.L., captured Jap photo ; U.R.,Coast Guard’. C.1 Navy; C.R., L.L., & L.R.,I!avy*; 15 . L:, Nn& R. , Navy*; 16: U.L., Navy*;1T.R.. Marhe Corps: L.L. & L.R., Navy; 17, L..drmy Si& Corps. R. , Navy‘ 1 8. L.. Navy. R.,

Coast Guard** 19 . ’Navy* 20. hl Navy*; 21.’ AllNavy: 22 . iT.L., Coast GuarJ;’ U.C., & L.L.:Coast Lluardo. L.C., Navy‘ L.R Signal Corps:23 . U.R., L k . & L.R., ’Na&- L L MarineCorps*; 24. U., Navy*: L.L., Nnvyf L.n.:’UsAAl’;25 . U., N m * . L Navy’ 26 . U.L Coast Guard*;1I.R.. N a y : i.L: & L k , Nnv& L.R., M x n eCorps: 27 . Coast Guard*; 28, 29. AIL Signal Corps.



TRAIHolloway Board Blueprints Postwar Course

Equalizing Opportunities for All Officers

ROAD CHANGES in t he selection,education, and service training of

of the Navy appointed last sum-The Board’s repo rts have been

Policies for officer procurement and

:

Adjust the supply of permanent

so that a substantial proportionme from sources other tha n t he Na-

0 R e v i s e methods of selecting

Enable Reserve and temporary offi-ho transfer to t he regular Navy

0 Give more emphasis t o basic andral education in the Academy cur-

col-

all officer candidates.

0 Provide trained flying officers ofal age-21 to 23 years-for ccmbat

r two yea rs of college study

The Holloway Board, composed ofo college p e s i d p t s and eight navalicers, laid part icula r emphasis in itsee rep ort s on methods of eliminat-

L, equal

Special attention would be givenall

offi-

riods. Fla tly stati ng th at professionaldevelopment of officers is .more im-portant than excelling in s h i pcompetition, the Board also recom-

mended that shorter assignments tospecific billets at sea be made a mat-ter of Navy educational policy.

I n th e consideration of t he problemof procurement and undergraduateeducation of officer candidates, theBoard was guided by wartime experi-ence. To provide the , junior officersneeded by the postwar Navy, thesesources would be utilized:

The Naval Academy, expanded todouble present enrollment.

0 NROTC programs operating in 62colleges.

0 Graduates of any accredited col-lege.

Specially selected and trained avi-ation candidates.NROTC students would be selected

by Navy-appointed state boards fromcandidates who had qualified in a na-tion-wide examination. A prospectivestudent would also have to satisfy allof t he entr anc e requirements of someNROTC college of h is choice and beaccepted bx the college as a regularstudent.

The Board recommends tha t NROTCentrants receive books and tuition atgovernment expense and be given $50a month to meet living costs. In con-sideration for this support each

NROTC graduate will be required toserve a minimum of 15 months to twoyears on active duty. During this pe-riod he will serve as an ensign USN,with equal pay and standing withgradu ates of t he Naval Academy.

If he decides to leave the serviceafter two years, he will be eligible fora bonus of six month’s pay. Thr eeyears of active duty would qualify himfor a bonus of 12 months pay.

According t o the needs of the Navy,a number of the ensigns having threeyears active duty would be given per-manent commissions as lieutenants



Inactive USNR after 15 months duty.

Inactive USNR affer 2 years duty with bonus of 6 mos. pay. @ Inactive USNR after 2 years duty with bonus of 6 mor. pay.

Inactive USNR after 3 years duty with bonus of 1 2 mos. pay. @ Inactive USNR after 3 years duty with bonus of 12 mos. pay.

0 avy-financed college course or naval course at Academy.

For example, officers who have hadtw o semesters of college educa-

ee additional semesters of collegeequivalent. Officers who have had

or more and less than five se-

o r equivalent. No inst ruc-of less than two semesters

a prac-

Each student officer would take a

h would insure, by the time he hasthe permitted number of se-

in mathematics through solid

in written and oral use of the

a year-course in college

Officer candidates now engaged iny of t he college train ing programs

ey decide to continue. For example,student who has had two years at an

college and decides to s tay ina third-

194s

This phase of the report alsostrongly recommends “the immediateestablishment of a General Line Schoolto care for the . . . need to broadenthe professional knowledge of thelarge number of transferred reserveand temporary officers and of Naval

Academy graduates who, during thepast fou r years, have served in spe-cialized assignments.” The Board alsooutlined types of instruction to begiven at the graduate line school andmethods of imparting instruction. TheBoard recommended that all perhan-ent commissioned officers attend theLine postgraduate school concurrentlysix years af ter being commissioned. Itwas believed that this year of studyin the same school would complete thewelding of all officers into a homoge-peous group regardless of source ofentry.

Specific recommendations include the

establishment of a-permanent GeneralLine School and that temporary fa-cilities f o r a General Line School beestablished at Quonset, R. I.; group-ing of al l courses on th e subject ofnaval staff work at the Naval WarCollege, and the maximum use of the

facilities of civilian colleges for grad-uate education of specia list officers.

The Board which made the studyand recommendations for the overhaulof the system and method of educa-tion of officers of the postwar Navywas headed by Rear Admiral James

L. Holloway Jr., USN, Assistant Chiefof Naval Personnel f o r demobilizationand recently Commander, OperationalTrain ing Command, Pacific. Serv ingwith him on the Board were:

Dr. James P. Baxter, president of Wil-liams College and president of the Associ-ation of American Colleges :

Dr., Henry T. Heald, president of theIllinois Institute of Technology and a pastpresident of the Society fo r the Promotionof Engineering Education :

Rear Admiral Felix Johnson, USN. Direc-tor of Planning and Control of BuPers;

Rear Admiral Stuart H. Ingersoll, USN,

Commandant of Midshipmen, U. S . NavalAcademy :

Capt. Charles D. Wheelock, USN, produc-tion omcer of the Mare Island NavalShipyard :

Capt. John P. W. Vest, USN, Chief, Avi-ation Training Section, CNO :

Capt. ,Arthur S . Adams, US N (Ret), spe-cial assistant to the Director of Training,BuPers :

Comdr. Charles K. Duncan, urn, Direc-tor of Procurement, BuPers, and

Comdr. Douglas M. Swift, USN, AssistantDirector of Procurement, BuPers who alsoserved as recorder for the Roar&

37



A N DO!” muttered the Marine“C derisively. “You’d t‘Einlc you Sea-bees are the only ones who ‘can do.’”

The Seabee across the table from

him in the Seabee-built recreation cen-ter continued to g u l p his beer.The Marine tried again.“Hell, I’ll bet I can do anything you

can do, Seabee.”The Seabee, Joseph Caw, SF3c, of

Laneaster, Pa., shrugged passively,emptied the bottle and leaned bock tosize u p his challenger.

Calmly C aw , who had kickedaround a bit with carnival performersin Russia before the war, picked upthe beer bottle, bit of a chunk andmunched away. The challengerwatched goggle-eyed. Recovering sorne-what, the illal.ine took a trial bite at

his own bottk: then admitted:‘‘No can do.

It’s a typical Seabee story, just oneof many told-often with a little exag-geration-a5out th e men of WorldWar 11’s biggest new fightkg outfit,which is four years old this month.And like most of the stories it reflectsth e admiration-and awe-with whichSeabees are viewed by the nation,other branches of service-and otherSeabees.

From the start the navaI Construc-tion Battalions were unusual outfits,mostly because of the men in themand because their s wa s a new kind of

warfare.’When the construction outfit was

organized on 28 Dec 1941, the Navyturned for volunteers to men who hadfought and won many battles againstna tu ra l obstacles-men who harnessedrivers with dams, pushed hills asieefor roads, blasted and gouged out tun-nels.

Set up under the direction of theBureau of Yards and Docks and itsCivil Engineer Corps officers, theSeabee organization at first wasstrictly a volunteer group. Into theranks of the new fighting unit pouredthe Nation’s artisans-carpenters, m3-

chinists, plumbers, electricians, weld-ers, bricklayers and millwright,G-menwho didn’t have t o get into uniform tofigh t the enemy. They could have re-mained in draft-proof civilian jobs,doing essential war work and gettinggood, even fabulous wages.

Many Were Older

Too, many were for , the most parifurther exempt from Selective Servicebecause of age. Unti l termination ofvolunteer enlistments late in the sum-mer of 1943 when inductees first wereassigned to the construction battalions,the average age of the Seabees was alittle over 32 years. Some Seabeeswere in their 50s.

Thrown into war t o meet an urgen tand immediate need for bases, theearly Seabees had little time forformal military training. They were

32

A~L iouuy i a r a w a ~ e a ugiven the barest minimum of boot first airfield in moroti,-.n

training; the rest of the art of war- days after goin]fare had to be picked up in action they filled a rus-. ___-_overseas. way over which rlnln-aino

Once overseas thev faced additional nn..iaL

a,.,...da

Their units were small, thrown to-nether from whatever skills were

~ r f - j ~ & & & ~ ~ f ~-” --

cent were overseas) and its activities reCora JoDs ComPincreased, the batta lions picked up Marshall% t hplenty of know-how, enabling them tosmooth out and speed up operations.

anasp IW O Jima and OklnavAt Tinian Seabees effe(

their biggest earth-movirorder to complete four histrips and facilitia= fnr 3n(

nvasion Handy Men

By he time the big offensives were build the 8,500-fcunder way, Seabees had organized construction units-worvking ni fh i andtheir operations t o the point where day-moved 10,000,000 cubic yards (

they were able to land fully equipped coral, and, in addition, constructed allto handle any situation.. No longer the other necessary installations.solely construction outfits, the Seabees I n the advance in the Pacific Sea-represented more than 60 trade s and bees set many speed records, not thetheir organization included unit s set least of which was th at set in theup to specialize in maintenance, steve- building of an airs tr ip in the Palau

doring, fog generation, auto repair, group. Here they readied a fightertir e repair and retreading. operation stri p within 72 hours after the first

colorful stories and legknds of the Guam, within an hour af ter the initial

canal where the Seabees g o t their first day the c on st kt io n men fought andtest under fire.

after the initial landings on Guadal-The Sixth Battalion arrived 24 days Fmi AND MUD

cipa! obstacles to Attu construction.canal together with 1 carryall, 2 bull-

selves in foxholes alonh the runway. 1



QUONSET HUTS by the thousandsbuilt from Guadalcanal to Okinawa.

carried ammunition and supplies inthe face of withering Jap fire. Bynight they went into Marine guardposts and on security patrols. AtPeleliu, where they landed on D-Dayto serve as ammunition carriers andlitter bearers, Seabees soon were bat-tling alongside Marine forces in aneffort to turn back violent Jap caun-terattacks which threatened to forcethe Americans back into the sea. Sea-bees also landed with the first wavesof assault troops at Iwo Jima.

The liberation of the Philippinespresented Seabees with many major

tasks. The statistical repor ts of thePhilippine jobs are impressive butnone more so than tha t of t he con-struction of a landing strip at a water-logged site ruled out as impossible bya reconnaisance unit. Yet 10 daysafter construction began the first air-plane-a small observation craft-landed on the field and three weeksafter the Seabees started the job thefield was open for all business. An-other example is the Philippine baseat Samar, which was finished in lessthan two months despite repeated J a pattacks and included every neededfacility.

Against the GermansThe Seabees’ role in the assault on

Nazi Germany stretches from Eng-land and North Africa to Germany it-self and took in such tough assign-ments as Normandy, Palermo, SaIer-no, Anzio and the Rhine River. It alsoincludes extensive construction jobs atAscension Island, Bermuda and Ice-land.

By f a r the biggest Seabee operationin the European theater was the cos -struct ion and much of the mainte-nance of all the naval bases anddepots fo r the greatest amphibiousassaul t in history-the landing in

Normandy. The Seabees star ted thetask immediately upon arriving inEngland in the fa11 of 1942. Withinthe next 18 months they put togethera vast maze of bases, docks, ware-houses, shops and other needed units.

It was in the landings and aubse-

quent action in Europe tha t the Sea-bees developed the technique whichspeeded amphibious warfar e. As theinvasion forces moved in, the Seabeesrode strings of pontoons into shore,anchored them to serve as bridgesbetween the supply ships and thebeaches, and then proceeded to unloadequipment, supplies and munitions.During the critical 10-day period im-mediately following D-Day in Franceone Seabee battalion (Special) alone

unloaded 16,000 vehicles, 25,000 tonsof ammunition and supplies in addi-tion to 32,000 troops. Later, Seabeeshelped to restore damaged Frenchports.

Once an advanced base was com-plete enough for immediate militaryoperations the Seabees didn’t haltwork. They continued building, ex-panding and improving the installa-tions. For instance, a year after theymoved onto Saipan, it was estimatedthat Seabees working in conjunctionwith Army Engineers had accom-plished 20 times as much as the Jap-anese had in the two decades they heldthe island. In th at year Americanconstruction forces built a vast net-work of airfields, 230 miles of hard-surfaced roads, water-producing facil-ities capable of providing 1,000,000gallons daily, and laid enough cablet o reach from New York t o San Fran-cisco 335 times. Bu t that’s not all.Saipan construction included thebuilding of 65 chapels, 78 basketballcourts, 81 theaters, 5 recreational cen-ters and a well-lighted baseball field,

As the war continued the Seabeespicked up a reputation for being theNavy’s handy-man outfit, able to sup-

ply special equipment to fit the needsof the locale. Thus Seabee ingenuityand improvisation brought for th manynovel gadgets, weapons and tools;such as:

The ‘‘Doodlebug‘-an L V T with ajointed lmding ramp, enabling Ma-rines to scale quickly the coral cliffsat Tinian and other islands.

e A mine detonator, made of scrapmaterial and M-4 Sherman tank.

Seabee Ingenuity



e Aim to Please

The Marine Corps reports two more

ndents sen t in. In one caseMarine private came marching back

a Nipa few inchesd of his bayonet. Meeting his

a salute

“Major, sir, what shall I do with

“Good heavens, man!” the officera major

r circumstances like these. Callin the world,

!”“Okay, sir,” said the Leatherneck,

. Then, so thereechoed, he tried again:

“Say, stupid, whattaya want me t o

The other marine, on Guadalcanal

U

washis rifle when a figure in

up beside

. S. lingo: He didn’t pay much at-

“How’d you like to have a J a p

The Gyrene almost lost his buttonshis

was a sure-enough son of

Then there’s the report of table talk

“You’re not a Seabee, are you?”ys the chow hound, himself one, to

“Nope,” replies the stranger, con-of provender.

With a sidelong glance at the some-

you a Ma-

“No,” says the st range r, “I’m just

Japanese here to be captured.”

Made Simpler

Nine gear-loaded seamen replace-of

e uss Amcapa lying alongside a re-

4

pair dock in P ear l Harbor one eveninglast June and paused at the top torepor t to OD Lt. (then Lt. [jg]) JohnF. Johnson, USNR, of Ringgold, Ga.,who was also the ship’s communica-tions officer.

“Johnson reporting for duty, sir,”said the first of the nine.Lt. Johnson smiled slightly as he

returned the salute.As the second man gave his name

as Johnson, the OD blinked. When ithappened a third time, he asked:

“What is this, a joke?”Johnson No. 3 grinned and an-

swered: “If we’re a joke, sir, thereare six more behind me.”

The 1 0 Johnsons on the Anacupabrought the crew to more th an 1 0 per-cent Johnson. Now back in the U. S.after 25 months of duty in foreignwaters, Lt. Johnson is in command ofthe ship. The rest of the Anacava

Johnsons are :Frederick M., WT3c, USNR, Route 1,

Straughn, Ind.; Gerald C., Slc, USNR,

Great Falls, Mont.; John W., RdM3c,USNR, Berkeley Springs, W. Va.; Law-rence R., Slc , USNR, Middleton, Ind.;Wilbur F., Slc, USNR, Los Angeles,Calif.; william W., Flc, UsNR, Chilo-quin, Ore., Zaymon L., Slc, USNR,

Henderson, Tenn.; and Eugene S.,s l c , uSNR, Robinsdale, Minn.

The tenth Johnson has returned tocivilian life.

It WUSNATS-Not DTsDespite their tailor-made jungle

suits, we tracked ’em across the nationthrough up-to-the-minute reports fromeagle-eyed NATSpaper correspondents.A bunch of sinister characters fromOkinawa, they were flown stateside forsnake-bite medicine purposes. Theywere vipers all r i g h t t h e highest-flying snakes on record-enroute tothe National Zoological Park, Wash-ington, D. C. fo r study and venomtests by the Army Medical Center.

When their transport ended itstrans-Pacific hop at Alameda, Calif.,the reporter for The NATS Packet(San Francisco NAS) spotted the 14

A

boxes, each marked “Keep Cool andComfortable” and containing oneTropical Habu (Trimeresurus Flavo-viridus) dressed in native green, oliveand gray camouflage.

At Olathe, Kans., the air transrJort

boys poured-gingerly-a drink fo rthe wriggly passengers. In The Flu-ing Jaghawk, P, A. Smith, Slc, ofSanto, Tex., ’lowed as how it was thefirst shipment of air-minded snakes tocome his way in a long career of cargohandling. He hoped the reptiles wouldbe back soon-as bottled antivenin forhis buddies stationed out in HabuLand.

But it was E. P. Gleeson, Sp(V)la,Chicago, as he noted the space-happyvipers flashing their tongues and bat-ting their pointed snouts against theirscreens with undaunted vigor, who re-marked :

“Darned if these snakes don’t make

th at old lower-than-a-snake’s-belly gaglook pretty silly.”

Mo Fun

Who-o-omp! thumped the two-tonliferaft on the deck amid the visitorsexamining the uss Missouri’s topsideequipment. Gone was the finger of theyoungster who had tripped the release.

Bong-bong-bong ! sounded the gen-eral a lar m while the bewildered crowdmade way f o r the men scurrying fortheir battle stations. After that, theGQ system was secured during visitinghours.

“Double the guard,” ordered the O D

to protect vital gear from curiousfingers and the prying of pliers, screw-drivers an d wrenches. But still th egear continued to turn up missing.

The proud Missouri, rugged veteranof fierce battles and angry seas in thePacific, was reeling in the HudsonRiver under the onslaught of thousandsof New York school kids who swarmedaboard one day during the week of“open house” which followed Gotham’sNavy Day celebration 27 October. Onother visiting days, the adults lefttheir marks, too.

“Everything within reach that was



o r been tam-pered with,” the Missouri’s exec an-nounced as he listed damage requiringimmediate repair. Nameplates-andidentifying tags on doors, hatches andequipment were removed. Heavy fire

hose nozzles disappeared. Somebodyeven tried t o pr y loose from the quar-terdeck the metal plaque commemo-rating the surrender ceremony off

If it looked like a lever, it waspulled-including the gener al ala rmsystem. The special enamel on the 16-inch rifles was scratched and marreduntil the guns were elevated beyondreach. With penknives classroom com-positions were written in the paint on

“We can take care of Kamikaze at-tacks, but spar e us from the souvenir- ,hun ting public,” the Missouri’s officerspleaded as they prepared the ship fora trip under the Brooklyn bridge intoNew York Navy Yard. Of course notall the repairs scheduled f o r her two- While the Georgian extracted milk Short Order M U d C

rung in on the case and located the Admiral Halsey, preparing theowner. As twilight fell, a cop strolled “Mighty Mo” for the Jap surrenderleisurely in the direction of the service ceremonies in Tokyo Bay 2 September,ga te leading “Bossy” home to her own wished to welcome the representativessta ll and her regular morning-and- of each Allied nation to be present forevening schedule in the civilian world. the signing with t hei r own national

anthem as they came aboard. Butaboard the Missour i no orchestrationsof the “Internationale,” Russian na-

It was a day t o remember f o r Com- tional air, were to be found.pany C, 761st Military Police Bat- All the Third Fleet uni ts but, thetalion, USA when R. E. Hansen, Slc fast carrier uss Y o r k t o w n bllnked

of VR-5 based at Anchorage, crashed back negative replies to th e, Ks so ur itheir all-company tryouts with the when she broadcast an “SOS. On thecarbine on the rifle range not so long Y o r k t o m , Chief Musician B. F.

Reilly, USN, of Bremerton, Wash., hadThe MP outfit is a crack one and remembered that Anatole N. Koria-

the event had drawn a throng of spec- koff, CSF, USNR, of Petaluma, Calif.,son River cruise, when to a tators. Hansen, serving with an Alas- was born in t he U,S.S.R.

people looked Over from stem kan NATS detachment, w a t h e d Summoned, Koriakoff bur st intoo stern the Pacific flagship and awhile, then wangled a chance to try fluent Russian song with only a mo-

scene of J a p formal surrender. the carbines himself. When the bull’s- ment’s hesitation when Reilly askedThe final blow was dealt during the eyes started coming up on the targe t if he could give out with the “Inter-

last days of the Battle of New York like lemons on a slot machine, the ex- nationale.”Harbor when a member of t he crew per ts assured themselves that the sea- waste it here,” shoutedcame down with mumps. Illan’s ‘‘hoss luck” would SOOn fold U P il ill^, and rushed his discovery to

“The mumps!”, yelled one sailor. under official scorini?. Joseph L. Weed, Muslc, uSNR, of“It’s not enough those kids take every- But 40 rounds in sitting position Lincoln, Neb., who w r o t e down the

ng we got, they go tta give US some- netted 38and In

the4-

melody as Koriakoff sang. Calling onthing in return.” ring. Kneeling, Hansen dupkmted the his musicianship, Weed worked up a

feat.beginning to get the hahg of

ful l band score from his penciled notesNavy Holds the Bag by the Barb hours of the next morn-

ing and at once the Yorktown’s bandPassers-by thought the Navy was gape-mouthed circle around him.resorting t o desperate measures to Hansen moved back from the 100- rehearsed ’F, for the Koriakoff*

procure dairy products for Bainbridge yard scratch to 200 yards. Bearing “Perfect, he pronounced* “I canNaval Training Center when one af- down now, he nicked 39 bull’s-eyes out picture myse1f now in the Old days internoon last fa ll they observed a lanky of 40 rounds, both kneeling and stand- Lellinflad hen I hear that music.’’

sailor operating broad on the star- ing. Then, just to be sure he had the to

board quarter of a moo-cow tied to a carbine figured right, he knocked out make copies Of the parts fo r each in-another string-and plugged 40 ou t StXUment in the regulation 23-pieCeof 40 in stand ing and prone positions. Navy band and the fact th at the Score

was the re on orders, how- Ruddy-faced-no doubt from th e WSLS ready W aS radioed t0 the M‘h-ever. A Georgian, his @card had brisk Alaskan breeze, the Mp’s were souri. Already six hours On the Wayrevealed him properly qualified to good spor ts and turned Hansen’s score to Tokyo Bay, Admiral Halsey dis-minister t o C O W S in distress from de-

sheet Over to Lt. R. v. Cote, patched a fleet destroyer f or the music.fer red attention. NATS OinC at Anchorage, authentl- When the Soviet envoys cameBut “Bossy”-she was snafu, She eating the 194 dut of 200 possible tally. aboard the Missouri for the cere-

ad been apprehended inside the ga tes Later, CinPac sent Hansen the Expert monies, it was to the familiar strains’without an ID card by the Seaman Rifleman’s medal. of their national anthem, another ser-Guard. Furthermore, th e S G OinC, a Sharpshooting Hansen’s comment t o vice of the men of the Navy to whom

orldly man, could tell she hadn’t ha& B e M?: “Pretty good gun you g ot -nothing is impossible-given a smallher morning milking. amount of time.

@€C€MB€P 1945

month lay-up resulted from the Hud- by the quart, the civilian police were

, Sure Shootin’’

this thing now,” he remarked to the

The band members were

The



HEY, D O C !Submarine PhMs Never

Knew What They’d Be

Called On to Do Next

Necess i t y is t h e m o t h e r of i nven -tion. But i f you’re looking for the

f a t h e r , w a t c h t h e c on n in g t o w e r h a t c hof a lmos t an y submar ine and grab thef i r s t pharmac i st ’ s ma te who p o p s out.For if every brainchild of inventivepharmac i s t ’ s ma tes were a real chi ld ,submarines would be well-populatedmatern i t y wards .A case in p o i n t i s T h o m a s J . F i t z -

gerald , CPhM, USNR, of Earnesville,Minn. Fi tx ha s completed f ive subma-r ine pa tro l s. H e wa s promoted t o h isp r es e nt r a t i n g f o r m er it or io u s d u t y o npatrol . Be for e he enl i sted in t he N a v yhe served a h i t c h in t h e Army, wherehe became a n e xp er t n i e m a n a nd pis- sery. Thatto1 shot.

W h a t it’s l ike to be a pharmacist’s youngstersm a t e on a submarine, Fi tzgerald re- th e smoothlates f rorn experience :

torpedo room hung with diapers. OurA SUBMARINE is jampacked with salty old chief. torpedoman, who prlded Take the Navy’s prescribed trea tment

a ir llnes, manifolds, pressure SYS- himself on berng tough, blushed as he f o r appendicitis. On one pat rol wetems and every shape and size of valve had never blushed before in his long had two crew members who sufferedand gauge. But YOU can’t expect a Navy career. Tough though he was appendicitis att acks within thr ee dayssubmarine to be the deadly weapon it on the exterior, Mac (I call him that of each other. The Navy’s techniqueis and a floating hospital too. There to spare him fur the r blushing) was a and use of sulfathiazole brought bothisn’t room for everything. So softy underneath. The chil- cases under control without surgerywhen there’s an injury to be dren played i n the torpedo and without undue discomfort t o thetreated the pharmacist’s mate room. With Mac present, patients. Emergency appendectomiesusually has to manufacture they gave no thought to the performed by pharmacist’s mates ingadgets from materials at packaged death i n warheads submarines ar e exceptional cases.

Of the the What makes a pharmacist’s mateshand. If the pharmacist’s

bu!kheads.The kids will remember duties so fascinating in a submarineate isn’t an inventor in his

own right, he doesn’t haveMac. They,ll also remember

is that he never km ws what to expect

that patrol. The men won,twhen someone calls, “Hey, Doc!” On

ar to look for one, for the.inventive talent of a single

cannot be revealed, but hav-signed, not only was I the e ntire med-

ubmarine, placed end to end,

ing children aboard gave itical department, but chaplain, mail

ould stretch from KittyHawk to the Patent Office.

orderly, librarian and barber as well.tremendous zs Barbering and medkine, if I remem-

Take the time a boat-

could see wha t ber my hb tory , hzve an ancient re-wain’s mate on a sub I wa s

attached to suffered a frac- Fitzgerald,CPhM fighting for. lationship. Barbers were among theThe youngstersured ankle. The problem

he first barber poles wasfort able in his submarine bunk and ever had. I remember howyet give th e leg sufficient traction for groaned, though, when theythe ankle to mend. +Anyone familiar tha t we were going to hav ver cut hair in my life, butwith the compact quarters of a sub- children for passengers. It hay have I soon acquired moderate proficiency,mar ine can realize the tactical difficul- been the thought of possibly taking though the crew referred to my ar t

ties involved. But an e3pty flour can. kids into combat th at bothered the as the “Market Stre et clip.” Theneatly clipped to size with a tinsmith’s men. The majo rity were fat her s nicest thi ng about getting a haircut,scissors, a bit of line, a lead weizht themselves. I guess, was the pleasure of sitting inthat was a spare part the ballast It is generally thought, I ~ Q W ~ur barber chair. It was ultra-com-tanks, and a little h ering-plus that submariners are a reckless, care- fortable cushioned stool with shinysome hemming and h g-gave us free breed. But the opposite is true. chrome that rivaled the Cook’s galleyas neat a cradle for t ured ankle Jn st before the patrol began, my wife on field day. Appropriately enough,

as the best hospital could wish. The had sent me a post card with the has- it was, according to scuttlebutt, SOU-

line was looped over a light socket in pita1 statistics and footpr int of our venir of a San Francisco Clip joint.the overhead. The leg in the cradle brand new baby, Jam es Patrick. With On another k i p we had two womenon one end of th e line was balanced by a father’s bursting pride I had shown evacuees. They came aboard not ex-the weight on th e othe r er.d. When we the card around the ship. The men actly friends. It was evident they had

from patrol, the ankle was came right back at me with stories auarreled. The first request of one ofand photos of their own kfdr;. them when she g.ot to the top of the

r. case was a motor machin- The men decided that Jimmy’s foot- gangway was tha t she and th e otherht’s ra te ’s brckcn finger. A piece of print card would be th e submarine’s women be given seaa ra te rooms. Be-

tin for a wristlet, a welding rod bent lucky token-this, thouyh submariners low, she learned that there was nojust SO azd some elastics borrowed ar e generally regarded as the leayt parlnr suite with private bath, nof rom th e yeoman made a banjo splint suverstitious of sailors. They pride grand piano, no maid service. Andmore than eqtial t o the job. themselves th at they a re free of of course, the two women were on

It’s the unexpected t hat really puts superstition; it’s a ra re event when sDeaking terms again by the time weYou t o the test, though. Once w e had you see a submariner with a rabbit’s pu t them ashore. That’s the wav itsix children aboard as evacuees. It foot or an equally absurd lvcky charm. is on a sub. Nowhere does a fellowfell my ot t o rig up a temporary nur- Things aren’t le ft t o luck on a sub. get so close to his shipmates.

36

forget t either. ~h~ detailsone O the subs to which I Was as-

was to make the man com- enjoyable a patr ,E earliest surgeons. The red peppermint

ALL HANVS



OLD LADY WITH A POglala, Built in 1907,Survived Two Wars, ASinking, Three Names

ONEYMOONERS have cuddled inthe dark corners of her brigdly

lighted decks; business men haveswapped jokes over drinks in her bar;she has ploughed through the NorthSea, sowing deadly mines to blockadethe enemy. Between wars she servedas a nesting place for seaplanes, ahome where pilots could eat, sleep andrelax. And the re was a time whenher barnacle-encrusted hull gatheredrust on the bottom of Pearl Harbor,a derelict almost forgotten by themen who were rebuilding a Navy todefeat a powerful enemy.

Those, briefly, have been the high-ights of the career of the uss Oglala,

38-year-old former coastal liner

hich in World War I1 served as a

Built in 1907 a s a coastwise steamerhe F all River Line, the ss Massa-

as she was then known, was

t o a minelayer. In zt new dress

wmut-she helped lay the NorthIt was punishing, haz-

work-bucking icy squalls andt o at-

But it was her job and she didwell.For the Oglala there was no

Although she was small-200 tons-the Navy stil l consideredr a valuable addition to the fleet

Her days wese serene and routineshe helped along the growth of

r in size and usefulness, By 1928 ajob was found for her. Againa new name-her present one-

W E A R , TEAR AND REPAIR were the concerns of the Oglala's engine over-haul shop. H er technicians worked m iracles, keep ing 7th Fleet vessels in trim.

the Oglala returned to mine duties asflagship of Mine Division 1.

When the Japs lashed at PearlHarbor the Oglula was moored along-side another vessel. An enemy torpedosped under her bottom into the hullof the other ship, exploding the otherand sinking the Oglala.

For months she lay on the bottom.

The valuable time of repair partieshad to be devoted to the more im-portant operations of sa lvaging capi-'tal ships and putting shore installa-tions back in order. When she wasfinally brought to the surface, shelooked ready for nothing but the scrapheap. Her superstruc ture was crum-pled, her engines clogged with mudand rust.

Swiftly the workmen worked her

over, installing new engine parts andplacing a temporary plywood super-structure in place of the ruined one.Unescorted the Oglala steamed toCalifornia, where she was completelyrefitted as a modern repair ship andarmed with enough guns t o defend heragainst air attack.

During the war she served with the

7th Fleet, a haven of refuge for littleships and tired men. Her machineshops, electrical department, radiotechnicians, supply officers and doctorsperformed miracles with worn hullsand bodies.

Weary crews of other small shipsliked t o visit her overnight, for therewas always a movie and ice creamaboard to create a holiday air remi-niscent of her Fall River Line days.

THE SHAWMUT, the Oglala was a seaplane tenderI in which she served as a minelayer.

194s



- I_-

i E T T € R S I

T O T H E E D I T O R

First Ship in Tokyo BaySIR: Since V-3 Day the u ss Ran Diegohas repeatedly received credit for beingthe flrst allied ship to enter Tokyo Bay,whereas she was actually 19th. The flrstship inside the bay was the us8 Revenge(AM !lo), which lead a minesweepingformation consisting of the uss Token,uss Tumult and uss Pochard and 10 motorminesweeDers. folkwed hv three mntnrgunb oats ‘and’ one auxilia1.y min&Iiye-FY---

\\’hen the channel and anchorage wereconsidered safe, the us s San Dieao madeher entrance.

We realize that since the us9 Xan Diegois a first line ship it would naturally bemore in the limelight and receive morepublicity than the smaller fleet units, butit certainly does take the small ships toback up the big ones and make any oper-ation a success.

We’re writing you to set the recordstraight.-Four Sailors uss Revenqe.SIR: We’ve heard ’that the uss Xan

Di m e is to receive a K25.000 Drize for be-ingothe flrst allied surface vessel to entcrTokyo Harbor. Is this true? For your in-formation, it wa s ‘the us8 Revenge whichwas first to enter th e harbor. and we thinkcredit shculd be eiven where it is due.Also it seems espe&lly appro priate th at as!iip named th e “Revenge” would be th ee- rt to enter th e hirbor.-Seven EnlistedMen, uss Token (AM-126).0 The uss Revenee wa s the first alliedship lo eikter Toky; Bay . As fob the scut-tlebutt regarding the twenty-five thousandbuck prize, it’s news to Washington.-ED.

Last Shot Against JapanSTR: Your Octob er 1945 issue p. 51,

states th at the “last naval salvd of th ewar to hit Jap an was%red from the heavycruiser St. Paul on 9 Aueust.”

America.? Area RibbonSIR:Now that the American area rib-

bon has been authorized for practicallyeverybody, some of us who earned ourribbon by b attlin g the. subm arines andcold weather in the North Atlantic wonderif t he N avy isn’t going to be big-heartedand let us wear a star or something elseto indicate that we didnJt get ours sittingat a desk in th e States.-E. R. B., Lt.

0 N & such action is contemplated.-En( jg) U5NR.

Dunk, Dunk, DunkSIR Your articl e entitled “Dunk,’ Dunk,

Dun k” on p. 28 of t he October 1945 issuesays that Angus G. Kean is a BM3c.When was that rat in g established?-B. W.G., YlC, USN.

0 During the. might, betw een wa tche s.Kean is a BM2c.-ED.

P o h f s for NROTCSIR I was in the NROTC while in col-

lege from 1 9 4 1 to 1 9 4 2 . During that timeI also took summer cruises in the NROTC.May I count any of th at duty as activedu tv und er th e woint svstem?-A. B. L..Lt.,”USNR.

0 y o credit may be allowed fo r summercruzses or other for ms of dut y wzth theNR,OTC prior to 1 uly 1943. However, allactzve duty in the NROTC af ter that datemav be counted fo r points under the de-mobilization syStenz.-ED.

Aft: CO of ATR-2

SIR:You mentirned on p. 75 of theSeptember 1 9 4 6 issue that men who servedaboard the ATR-2 (Fi re Fighting Unit“0”) have been awarded the Navy UnitCommendetion. If s o , then why haven’twe received it?-A. L. M., Slc.0 Because BuPers has mot as vet receivedfrom your GO the list of names eligzblefor the award and there zs no muster rollof the crew available in BuPers.-ED.

USS Belleau Wood

SIR: We are planning to publish anillus trated histo ry of t he us9 BelleauWood, which we want to send free toevery man who served at least threemonths aboard the shiw.onths aboard the ship.

So that former shipm ates will send ustheir forwarding addresses, we hope thatyou will publish our letter. Those desiring

a copy should writ e to: Editor. “FlightQuarters” uss Belleau Wood (CVL 2 4 )c/o F. P. ’0..an Fran cisco , Calif.-J. W:A., Lt., USNR.

Abbott Hall, USNRSI R : Your readers who are graduates of

the U. S. Naval Reserve Midshinmen’s

So that former shipm ates will send ustheir forwarding addresses, we hope thatyou will publish our letter. Those desiring

a copy should writ e to: Editor. “FlightQuarters” uss Belleau Wood (CVL 2 4 ) ,c/o F. P. ’0..an Fran cisco , Calif.-J. W.A., Lt., USNR.

School, Abbott Hall, Northwestern Uni-versity, will be interested to learn that thebo.-k, “Abbott Hall, USNR,” which was dis-tributed to the 24th and 25th classes ofthe school, is being reprinted in a secondedition to meet the demand from otherclasses.

The book has 175 pages and containsmore than 100 pictures of midshipman lifewith accompanying text. Bound in bluecloth with gold stamping, its cost is $ 2per copy. Any profits will be turne d over

to the Navy Relief fund.Those interested mav send checks or

money orders to Owen B. Jones, treasur erRoom 1116, 1 4 0 S. Dearborn St., Chi:cago 3, Ill. It is suggested that books besent to home addresses, not to ships or

$3,600-Per-Year ManSIR: A statement on the back cover of

Your September issue has certainly messedup my love life. Until my girl frien d sawthat issue she was nerfectlv sntiqfid in

to Cruadway plays, and drinking beer in-stea d of champagne-because she didn’tthink I could afford such high living on aseaman first class salary.

But now she has discovered that anapprentice seaman is as well off as acivilian with a $3,600-per-year salary.

Please. Mr. Editor. mint the nronf nf

pocketbook.-J. ~ G.. Slc. -

SIR: So an awDrentice seaman makes a s

ly. I think it is gross misinterpretation ofthe fact.

The wav I fleure it. an nnnrentim w a -

by his food, medical attenti on, clothingand housing. Tha t statement has some-

seeing the actuai break-down of the fig-ures.-% G. L., G M k , USNR.

No Favoritism for USN-lsSIR: We have been told that inductees

(USN-I) are soon to be released by theNavy, reg ard les s of th e numb er of point sthey have. Any trut h to the inPormation?

None whatever. Inductees who now haveenough points f o r release tinder the denao-bilization are eliaible for dzscharue. Other- ‘

-B. B., S ~ C .

Can’t Buy Discharge

SIR Is it still possible to buy one’s wayout of the Navy? Please give details.-A. B.. AS. USNR.

N o , the practice was discontinued in

Ch. 2 1 2 1 . The amount -of money whichhad to ba p a 9 fo r the discharge dependedupon the-perzod of time that the man had

Lone S t a r State FlagSIR: On p. 3 of th e Augus t issue you

ran a picture of a beach signal flag beingDlanted on th e shore of Tok ashiki Island .

-ED.

38

overseas bases.-W. H. F.. Lt. Comdr..USNR.

0 See photo above for flag planted deepin the heart of Tokashiki.-ED.



have some dope on t h e M t l e ships thatare always in there sKigging away butwho hardly ever rat e a by-line.-W. B. B.,FC3c, USNR.

To set the record straight we got intouch with Captaan Pratt who told inglowaltg terms how the men f rom the ussEdmonds had fished hint and his menfro m the water when the us s BismarckSe a went dowlcand how the Edmonds,the skipper assured us loomed u p moreimportant than the Na&s biggest battle-wagon.

Captain Pratt also told us that a bronzeplaque has been sent t o th.e us s Edmondsinscribed: “To uss Edmonds f rom TheSurvivors uss Bismiirck Sea in gratefulappreciation of the heroic and unselfishassistance given us during the night of 21Fe b 1845 in the Battle of Iwo Jima.”

Just as Joe Doakes 5l c has not re-ceived as m uch honor *o r his part in th ewar, as has a hero w l o performed som efe at which made big news so too havethe multitude o f small shi& not come infor al l o f the credit and pnblicitv whichtheir work and e ffo rt deserves. (T he “big”opera tions wouldn’t be big i f it were notf o r the hundreds and thousands of smallships and units whose work has contrib-uted to the final success.)

The letter we print below indkates howeasy it is to overzoolc a n amportant un it ofan operation, and w e apologixe for th eunintentional slight o f t,he small ships an dactivities (among which, incidentally, welikewase conszder ours-elves).--E~.

Mercy ShipSIR: As soon as your August issue ar-

rived and we learned it contained anarticle on “Our Growing Mercy Fleet” allhands eagerly grabbed th e copies to see ifany mention was made of our rescue ship.We are a PCE(R),which means PatrolEscort and Rescue, with strong emphasison rescue!

Speaking for all hands we are not somuch interested in blowing our horn as toavoid that deflated feeling of being con-stantly ignored. We appear (though notrecognizable by a stranger) in two pic-tures in the August issue.

On page nine ,yru say it is an “assault”craft lvine aloneside the Rolnon Vnii’rewrongJit’i we ! >A nd o n P a g e - 1 4 i n i h estory “They pe tu rn t o Fight” there we areagain receiving survivors from th e Evans.

At Ok inawaw e received and late r trans-ferred to hospital ships over 2 0 0 0 casual-ties and survivors, nearly all ’taken fromdamaged Navy ships, along with doingpatrol and escort work.

We, together with our sister ships, the85 1 an d 852 , made our dehnt a t Leyte.

-HOW DID IT START?with the captain taking the firstst ar on the hoist, t he executive, thesecond until the very newest sea-

in the locker was big enough t o man had his. At times the lengthexpress the joy of the homeward bound pennantofturninghome- was so great that it required anward after a inflated hog’s bladder t o keep the1o n g tour of end afloat.duty, so the sail- The formula ha s changed manymaker w o u 1 Cl times. Today it generally providesmake a special one foot of length in the pennantone-a h o m e- fo r each man who has been in theward bound pen- ship a year on foreign duty, plus

nant. In peace- one inch fo r each man per month-time the pen- ab0ve.a year.nantsw erema de And this is why the little sub

of finest silk, because they were tender , Orion, trailed a pennant 400later to be cut up and distributed feet long whev she steamed intoamong the personnel as souvenirs New York for Navy Day 1945.-

Homeward Bound knnantIn the long ago, as now, no flag

....a

DECEMBER 1945



M A G I C C A R P E T W I T H 8 8 9 SHIPS

SPEEDING RETURN OF VETERANSPERIOD 21 OCTOBER THROUGH 19 NOVEMBER

total has been brought home by the“magic carpet,” code name for theshuttle service being operated by theNaval Transportation Service with theaid of the War Shipping Administra-tion and the Army.

But still overseas on 1 Novemberwere 4,430,000 men scattered through-out the three major theaters-the Pa-cific, Europe and the Indian area.

Currently, the shuttle service is hard-prcssed to lift all those eligible for, - * I discharge. The situation is particu-

larly acute in the Pacific where con-siderably more men are eligible forreturn than there is available space.But, according to Rear Admiral How-ard A . Flanigan, assistant C N O fortransportation, the backlog will be re-duced largely by January and wipedout by April.

Hacking away at the backlog as of10 November were 889 vessels rangingfrom battleships down t o transports.More ships will be added until the“carpet” is able t o deposit on U. S.

shores an average of 870,000 militarypassengers a month. .

For the 1,440,000 Army and 10,000Navy personnel in the Europeantheater on 1 November, Admiral Flan-igan had this cheerful promise: they’llall be homc by the middle of Januarynith the exception of those engagedin occupation, supply or clean-up ac-tivities. Partic ipating in the Atlanticoperation on 10 November wera 351ships having space for approximattly475,000 mil itary passengers. Cdmpo-sition of thc Atlantic “carpet” a t tha ttime was: 1 battlcship, 4 large car-riers, 1 escort carrier, 3 Tndependencc-class carriers, 2 heavy cruisers, 4 lightcruisers, 4 hospital transport;, 4 7troopships, 87 converted Victories, 227converted Liberties and the huceQueen M a r y .

d o - C h i n a , C h i n a

s he l l ed B onins , Ku-

g i a n t amphib forces

Tough TuskThat demobilization and readjust-

ment for peace is as tough a task asmobilization and adjustment for wzrwas becoming increasingly evident las tmonth.

I n a world at war, the answers tomost problems, forcign and domestic,came by merely applying the $6 4 quea-tion; will it help win the victory? Ina world at peace, the single-minded-ness was gone, the answers difficult.

There was THAT bomb. It had adefinite and certain role in war but itsrole in peace was not so definite (p.52) . There was little questioning ofhow the Army and Navy were to getthe job done during the war; nowthe re was the question of how they ar eto get the jo b done in peace-and thenext war, should there be one (p. 43)-Control of former Jap-held territoryhad become controversial whereasduring the wa r the re was no qrestion-at least as to who should NOT havecontrol. Wa r production was an un-questioned necessity ; peace production

did not go unquestioned (p. 55) .But,even a s the World awaited solu-

tion of these problems of readjustmentthere were signs of a return to nor-mal elsewhere. Veterans were return-ing t o their homes and jobs (seebelow). Elections here and abroadsignalled a eawakening of Dolitical in-terestd pp. 56 and 5 3 ) . Interest inthe Am y-Na vy game soared (p. 57) .

Even Thanksgiving, back on sched-ule, was nearly normal f c r most fooditcms had been removed from the ra-tion list (p. 57).

Home by June“Magic” really is the name for that

“carpet” which Johnny is riding home.By June-1 0 months aft er V-J day-the 7,000,000 men it took three yearsto carry overseas will be back home.

Already more than a third of the



in

In the Pacific, all the 1,430,000

1,360,QOOArmy peoplen 1 November) except those in oc -

as of 10 Novenibtr489 ships having space fol;

,000 passengers. In-6 battleships, 7 large

4 Independence-class carriers,escort carriers, 21 light cruisers,

64 troopships, 165 assault transports,hospital transports, 7 converted

40 miscellaneous craft.Engaged in bringing the 200,000

3,000 Navy personnel homeof 10 November were

troopships having capacity for90,000 men. According to the

dule, a ll eligible mili tary personnelf rom this area

Before November, the only majorU. S.

Lake Champlain. Dur-

Enterprise, Randolphnd Wasp; the light carriers Mon-

Langley and Bataan; the heavyAugusta and Portland; the

Savannah, Philadelphia,and Reno, and the battleship

In the Pacific repatriation service,only .major fleet uni t engaged be-

Saratoga. Since then the Sara

Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill,

and Yorktown; the battleshipsColorado, Mawland, Na-

and West Virginia; theBelleau Woods ,Cowpens,

and San Jacinto. Prin-

38 assault transports.

Besides the “carpet” craf t there wereair-

t o bring Johnny home.



New BuDocks ChiefRear Admiral John J. Manning, di-

rector of the Eastern Pacific divisionof the Bureau ofYards and Docks,will succeed ViceAdmiral Ben More-ell as chief of theBureau when thelatter relieves ViceAdmiral S. M. Rob-inson as chief of

the material divi-sion in the office ofthe. Assistant Sec-

R~~~ Admiral retary of the Navy.M a n n i n a Admiral Moreell,.,

who has headed theBureau of Yards and Docks for eightyears, will take over the materia l divi-sion when Admiral Robinson retires1 Jan 1946 to assume administrativedirection of the Webb Institute ofNaval Architecture in New York.

Admiral Manning has been directorof the Bureau's Eastern Pacific divi-sion since 22 June 1945.

SecNav Backs 'Security Plan'A plan retaining separate Army and

Navy departments in the cabinet,while unifying command in the field,research, intelligence and some mili-ta ry training phases, was Secretary ofthe Navy James V. Forresta l's coun-ter-proposal last month to the Army-backed proposition fo r ou trigh t Army-Navy consolidation.

The merger proposal promptedwarm discussion everywhere, while inthe Senate Military Affairs Committeehearings on legislation which wouldforce the marriage, Army and Navyrepresentatives frankly chose up sides

pro and con.Leading off fo r the proponents, Sec-

retary of War Robert P. Pattersorisketched the basic elements of themerger plan as (1) a single executivedepartment of the armed forces, com-pris ing a ll of the services now in theWar and Navy departments and (2)headed by a civilian having the titleof Secretary and cabinet rank; (3 ) aChief of Staff of the armed forces, thechief military advisor of the Secre-tary; (4) three major and coordinatebranches-the air , the ground, and thenavaI forces to include the MarineCorps and fleet ai r arm-with common

hospitalization and supply services.Such consolidation of the armedforces would have these benefits, Sec-retary Patterson contended:

0 Integration of our military pro-gram and true unity of our securityforces;

Q Important savings in manpower,material and money;

Centralized supervision and plan-ning of scientific, industrial, and phy-sical resources and development;

e Preservation of the traditions ofthe existing forces, as coordinate di-visions of the single department .

Taking his turn before the commit-tee, Secretary Forrestal said he be-lieves unification of command in thefield has proven itself beyond question,but that it should not be generalizedinto the merger of the War and Navydepartments f o r these reasons:

0 It concentrates power in the hands

D€C€MB€P f945



E MONTH’S NEWS

town he was awarded the DSM andthe Navy Cross.

Illustrative of the qualities whichmade the colorful carrier skipper pop-ular with his fellow officers and hismen was a remark he made earlierthis year:

“I’m a professional man just payingback the United States for a marvel-ous education and 30 years’ steadyemployment at a good job and goodpay. I’m not like the reserves whovolunteered to go to war with far less

train ing. There’s noth ing hcroic aboutUS ‘regulars.’ We aren’t giving uphomes, good jobs, pleasant shore livesto go t o sea.”

Everything but Sub ChasingA little ship with a number instead

of a name, the subchaser PC-1119 hasabout everything but subchasing in itsbattle record which includes participa-tion in 18 amphibious operationsagainst the Japs.

The battle record of the 173-foot,steel-hulled PC includes action as con-trol ship for initial assault waves, es-cort duty, close-range bombardment

Officlal Coast Guard Photograph of enemy shore installations, rescue

grimly in a different type o f war, this LST was one of of survivors of the uss Gambier Bay

U. S. ships battered in heavy seas as terrific typhoon hit Okinawa. and the downing f 4?h planes*That “half” plane, a Kamikaze,

rting automatically to uss EZdorado. During the .first six gave the “19” One Of its closestir prewar status.” weeks of the Okinawa invasion these squeaks. As the suicide Plane came

Also testifying o r making public transmitters relayed more than 300 down in a long, fast glide, the ‘‘19’’of the Navy’s programs to the states via KU5Q. A swung into a sharp power turn with

int were the Marine Corps Com- shore station was established on Oki- her guns blazing. The KamikazeBrig. Gen. Alexander A. nawa before the island had been missed the “19” by a scant 50 feet,

W. secured. almost hitting a minesweeper as it

tz, Vice Admiral Charles M. News correspondents found Navy ended it s plunge. Credit for downingJr., and Admiral W. F. Halsey, facilities essential and used them to the plane was divided among “19” and

file 4,500,000 words in nine months. other nearby vessels.l., declared himself fo r the Navy This copy to papers and magazines At Corregidor in February 1945, the

as “the best, truest and most was accompanied by 627 pictures sent “19” gave close-in fire support fo r they of accomplishing a tough by photoradio, either from Guam. o r assault, making a run through heavy

” direct to San Francisco from ships. crossfire from Caballo Island andpresenting ro-unificstionrguments In addition still pictures and movie .Comegidor t o do the job. In the ac-

tion the “19” suffered a hit on theof the

Dwight D. ~ i ~ ~ ~ h ~ ~ ~ ~nd More than 200 correspondents ac- forward deck which wounded fourC. Marshall, AAF Commander credited to CincPac/CincPoa used the men. Its mission completed, the PC

H. Arnold, ~ i ~ h ~ hir Force corn- Navy facilities. On 1 April, the day again pushed through the barrage,J~~~~ Doolittle and others Okinawa was invaded, 38,000 words picked Up serious Army casualties

Lt. Gen Dbolittle dejared Naviere transmitted through radio tele- from assault boats returning fromthe Corregidor beachhead and thensteamed to Meriveles Harbor where

laims that seapower and carrie r type

. the wounded were transferred to alanes defeated Japan probably would ‘Captain D xi& Killedin B-29 fliers “resting uneasily Called the “indestructible man’’ be- hospital LST.

their graves,” an exchange Of let- cause he survived 65 shrapnel woundssurvivors ofrs resulted bdtween Secretaries For- when a Kamikaze the sinking of the uss Gambier Bay

As this issue of ALLHANDSwent t o struck his ship, the of f Samar, the PC picked up 188 sur-the issue of unification and the Ca r r i e r l%Onde~- vivors, more than three times her

oga, off Formosa, normal complement. Badly injuredry establishment continued hot in Commodore Di x ie men were taken to the ship’s messe halls of Congress and the quarters Kiefer, USN, was hall where an improvised sick bay had

f America’s fighting men. ki ll ed A r m i s t i c e been set up. All th e subchaser’s 60 -

Day in the crash odd bunks were turned over to the

News Speeded of a Navy Beech- survivors. For the rescue work the“19” received official commendation.

Oddly enough, the “19” made itsews hungry home folks were kept cr af t Plane in the

first contact with a n enemy submarinep to date on Pacific war news de- fog-shrouded Fish-

AFT ER the war was over. She assis-elopments this year, including the kill Mountains of

ted in accepting the surrender of Japctual surrender by the Navy’s press New York.

subs ordered t o repor t into Subic Bay.nd radio facilities, placed at the dis- “Captain Dixie”

Within eight months after it had m e n t a r y f i l m , Last road back. From the Jaw-operation, the Navy’s short- “Fight ing Lady,” which was based on nese Government the Army has re-

radio communications transmit- the exploits of a n aircraf t carri er, covered urns containing the ashes ofKU5Q at Guam carried the broad- Commodore Kiefer, 49, had been com- a t least 2,600 Allied prisoners of war

manding officer of the Nava l Air Sta - who died during imprisonment. Burial,US Missouri . Before tion a t Quonset, R. I., since the war’s with full military honors will be ac-up th is historic occasion, the end. Before taking over the Ticonder- corded the victims in Japan unless

broadcast more than 3,000 oga , he was executive officer of the relatives ask to have the urns sents. Yorktown when th at carrie r was sunk home. In a temple near Osaka, sol-

Shortly aft er KU5Q was set up, by the Japanese. For heroism and diem found 1,200 urns , which weremeritorious service aboard the Ywk- cared fo r by a priest.

were flown to the states*

Sent to help

Of the Navy’s docu- CommodoreKiefer

4 - ALL UANVS



Promotions. The following nom-

inations t o flag rank were recentlyconfirmed by the Senate:

To be admiral:Frederick J. Horne USN.

Richard S. Edward’s, USN.

John H. Towers, USN, designated by thePresident to serve as admlral while serv-ing as ComlithFleet.

To be vice admiral:Ha rr y W. Hill, USN.

Ben Moreell (CEC), USN.William S. Farber, USN.

To be rear admiral:Donald Royce USN.Frederick W. ’Pennoyer Jr., USN.

Arthur C. Miles, USN.Fred D. Kirtland, USN.Harvey E. Overesch, USN.Irving M. McQuiston. USNR.Albert M. Bledsoe. USN.William IC Phillips, USN.

John W. Roper, uSN.

Stuar t S. Murray, USN.Emmet P. Forrestal. USN.Edmund T. Wooldridge. USN.Thomas H. Robbins Jr.. USN.

William G. Tomlinson. USN.

Richard F. Whitehead, USN.Charles Wellborn Jr., USN.

Daniel V. Gallery Jr.. USN.Walter F. Boone, USN.

Joseph F. Bolger, USN.

Stuar t H. Ingersoll, USN.Edward C. Ewen, USN.

Apollo Soucek. USN.Edward 0. McDonnell, USNR.

George W. Calvern (MC). USN. whileserving as medical officer In attendance onthe Congress.

Roger W. Paine, USN.Claude 0. Kell. USN.Grover C. Klein, USN.Thon vald A. Sclberg. USN.Frederic E. Haeberle. USN.Norborne L. Rawlings, USN.

Andrew F. Carter, USNR.Ellery W. tone, USNR.

Oswald s. Colclouph. USN.

Thomas G. W. Settle, USN.Edmond J. Moran, USNR.

Giles C. Stedman, uSNR.

Paul F. Foster, USNR.Lewis L. Strauss, USNR.Thomas B. Inglis, USN.

George C. Dyer, USN.

Charles B. Momsen. USN.Felix L ohnson. USN.

Herbert G. Hopwoorl. USN.Maurice E. Curts. USN.

John E. Gingrich, m N .

Sidney W. Souers. USNR.

Luis de Florez. USNR.Winchell M. Craig (MC), USNR, to be

medical director.Gerald A. Eubank (SC), USNR, to be pay

director.Wilfred J. McNeil (SC), USNR, to be pay

director.Kirby Smith (CEC), USNR, to be a civil

engineer.Gilchrist B. Stockton, USNR, while serv-

in g as naval aide and liaison officer to theU. S. High Commissioner to the Philip-pines.

To be commodore:Ernest F. Robinson USNR.

Robert C Lee U S N ~William A. Re‘ad USNR.Ralph S. Moore ’USNR.

Carl E. Andersdn, uSNR:Robert V. Kleinschmidt, USNR.

Milton K. Revill. USNR.Roger W. Cutler, USNR.

N. Loyal1 McLaren (SC), USNR, to bepay director.

Richard M. W a t t Jr., USN. while servingas director of Xnspection Administration,OfIice of Pro cur eme nt and Mate rial.

Henry A. Schade USN. while serving asdirector. Naval Reskarch Laboratorv. Ana-.

costia. D. C.Edmund E. Brady Jr.. u s N, while serv-

ing a8 technical advisor to the BrazilianMerchant Marine Commission.

Dudley W. Knox. ‘ITSN(Ret), while serv-in g as dep uty director of naval history.

William G. Greeman, USN. while servingas director of naval petro leum and oilshale reserves.

Carlos A. Bailey, USN. while serving aschief of staff to commandant 9ND. andcommander Midwest Naval A;ea.

Herbert J. Grassie, USN, while serving

Henry R. Oster. USN. while serving asas commander, USNTC, Great Lakes, Ill.

deputy director of logistic plans, CNO.

DEC€MB€R 1945

Robert G. Tobin USN while serving asport director, New Pork,”. Y.

Albert T . Sprague Jr.. USN. while serv-ing as chief of staff to Com5PhibFor.

Arthur Gavin, USN, while serving ascommander, U. S. Naval Air Bases, Philip-pices. .

Richard B. Tuggle, USN, while servingas commandant NOB Eniwetok and Atollcommander, Enbetog.

Lemuel P. Padgett Jr., USN, while se q-in g as director, petroleurn and tan ker divi-sion, CNO.

A h a J. Spriggs, USN, while serving asdirector of electronics division, CNO.

Kenmor e M. McManes,USN.

while serv-ing as commander. U. S. Naval Group..France.

Paul B. Tuzo Jr., USN, while serving asComUtWingServPac.

William M. Angas (CEC). USN, whileserving as a superintending civil engineer.

Lewis N. Moeller (CEC), USN, whileserving as a superintending civil engineer.

Thomas Blau. USNR.

Antoine 0. abideau. USNR.Alvin 0. Lustie. USNR.

aSSett, USNR.>b C. Haves. USNR.

James E. Arncfd, USNR.

Gene Markey USNR.

David S. Inahls . USNR.

John D. Small. USNR.

Howland R Gary USNR.

Warner N. ’Grubb’ USNRThomas B. Magakh (MC). USNR, to be

a medical director.Richard. A. Kern (MC), USNR, to be a

medical director.

Don S. Knowlton (MC), USNR, to be a

Thom as M. Rivers (MC), USNR, to be a

Abhonse McMahon (MC), UsNR, to be

medical director.

medical director.

a medical director.

be a dental surgeon.

pay director.

George C. Paffenbarger (MC), USNR, to

John W. Landregan (SC), USNR, to be a

William L. Nelson (SC). USNR. to be a.,pay director.

chaplain.Robert J. White (ChC), USNR, to be a

Cuthbert P. Conrad (CEC). USNR. to bea civil engineer.

civil engineer.Roy M. Har ris (CEC ), USNR, to be aFranci s M. McCarthy ( CE O. USNR. to

be a civil engineer.Robert C. Johnson (CEC). USNR, while

serving as senior OinC of n ava l construc-tion regiments.

Archibald D. Hunter (CEC), USN, whileserving as OinC of a naval constructionbrigads.

Robert F. Batchelder (SC), USN, whjleserving as director Navy Materiel Dis-tribution and Dispoial Administration.

Three strikes usually is out, butnot f o r the uss Birmingham. On 4May, while bombarding Okinawa, shesuffered her third hit when a Kami-kaze with a 500-pound bomb crashedthrough three decks. However, the fire

was quickly extinguished. Almost twoyears ago she was torpedoed and in Oc-tober 1944 she was badly damaged whenthe uss Princeton exploded alongside.

I

NAVY MOVIE STARS CROSSY, HOPE I

HOPE, ~ C , ets the word straight SUZANNE RIDGEWAY fills H o p efrom wise old salt, co-star Cro sby . chest-with hope!-in th e film.

H E Navy hit s the entertainment In addition, other activities basedjackpot with the release of within the continental limits of the

mirthful movie, “Road t o Home, United States as well a s transpor tssta rr ing the ’irrepressible comedy may receive the film by making ap-team of Bob Hope and Bing Crosbp. plication through Training Aids Lib-

In the movie, Crosby and Hope,amid their customary antics, inspectthe relative merits of various “roadsto home”-over the hill, for example,

versus the separation center route.

The film is ready f o r release nowand will be in distribution within 30

Earies. The pktu re is enlivened byflashes of. scenes from a number ofthe movies in which Hope andCrosby were starred.

“Road to Home” was produced byRainbow Productions, Inc., with thecooperation of Param ount Studios, incollaboration with the Civil Read-

days. Distribution plans call f o r the justment Division of the Bureau offilm to be sent to receiving ships, re- Naval Persbnnel and Navy Photo-ceiving stations and staging centers. graphic Services.

45



MONTH’S NEWS

SLEEK, FAST, DEADLY-OUR NEW CBS

Official U. S. Navy photograph

USS GUAM, gun-bristling battle cruiser, at anchor between operations

H E was sleek and fast and as

seadly as an angry rattlesnake

just out of a winter’s hibernationbut at a distance her appearancewas deceptive. Pilots of the Kami-kaze planes that bored in and out ofthe dawn took a quick look, judgedher a last-war battleship, and keptcoming, hoping for a kill. Closer inthey made out her clean, trim lines,her long slender bow, and their ex-plosives-packed planes rocked fromnear misses from her powerful AAbatteries. The suiciders shied awayand made for the flat-tops but notunti l two of them had been splashedby five-inch flak.

Such was the first day of combatfor the 27,500-ton battle cruiser USS

G u a m , newcomer to the line.Jap fliers made the same mistake

with the Guam’s sister ship, theAlaska , when she hove into sight offthe Kyushus on her combat debut.She was one of several heavy unit sprotecting carriers of Task Force 58on 18 March of thi s year.

Shortly after 0810 a lookout onthe A l a s k a spotted a Jap twin-en-gined bomber approaching from thestern. As the plane started a dive onone of the carriers, the A l a s k aopened fire with her five-inch, 40-millimeter and 20-millimeter guns.Hits were scored almost immediatelyand the plane’s gas tanks werestruck when it was less than half amile from the carrier. It was just aharmless ball of fire when it hit thewater.In this operation, the A l a s k a was

one of the la rge warships protectingthe carriers E l z t e r p k e and S a r a t o g a

First Battle Cruisers

The Guam and b r sister shipA l a s k a ar e the Erst American battlecruisers ever to be completed as suchalthough the carriers S a r a t o g a and

Lexington were designed for the pur-pose but converted before their com-pletion. One other CB is scheduledfor construction, the Hawai i .

Keel of the Guam was laid in Feb-ruary 1942 at Camden, N. J.; she.

was launched in November 1943 and

commissioned at Philadelphia NavyYard on 17 Sept 1944. When sheput to sea for her shakedown t oTrinidad on 25 October she was themost powerful cruiser e v e r built,outweighing by 1,000 tons the ill-fated German Scharnhors t andGneisenau, and by 500 tons theirFrench counterparts, Dunkerque andS t rasbourg , both scuttled at Toulon.More than 800 feet long and with abeam exceeding 80 feet the G u a mpacks a 12-inch gun wallop like theold battlewagon A r k a n s a s , plus aformidable array of twin-mountedfive-inch dual purpose antiaircraftguns and 40 and 20-mm. cannon.

Set Record

Capt. Leland P. Lovette, USN, ookcommand of the G u a m after a tourof shore duty as Director of theNavy’s Office of Public Information.During her 65-day shakedown hetested both his new ship and newcrew and found them both capableand seaworthy after establishing anew night gunnery record in theGulf of Pari a, almost land-lockedshakedown area.

Post-shakedown repair s and alter -ations kept the Quam in Philadel-

phia Navy Yard until 18 Ja n 1945when she left for the combat zone.A damaged bearing on main shaftnumber two forced her to put in atGuantanamo, Cuba, where machin-ists restored the bearing to properworking order in three days’ time.The work of the men forestalled anypossibility that the G u a m might beforced to return t o a repair baserather than proceed ’to a combatarea. After a few days at PearlHarbor, w h r e she was inspected bySecretary Forrestal, the G u a mheaded towards Japan and a rende-vous with the f a r ranging, fast mov-ing Fleet.

Construction of the A l a s k a wasbegun 10 days after the attack onPearl Harbor and she was launched‘on 20 Nov 1943, then commissioned 17‘June 1944 at the Navy Yard, Phila-delp hia.

Their job done, all cnderwater

demolition teams (ALL HANDS, Oct1945, p. 12) have been withdrawnfrom forward areas in the Pacific,bringing t o a close one of the war’smost secret operations. From theTarawa landing in 1943, no majoramphibious assault was attempteduntil UDTs had accomplished theirmission of pre-assault reconnaissanceand destruction of the enemy’s under-water beach defenses.

A w o o d en f l ee t of British war-ships hoaxed Gwman submarines andlured air attackers away from the bigBrit ish naval bases of Scapa Flowand the Fi rth of Fo rth for two years,according to recent London disclo-sures.

Queens of the phantom fleet werethree 7,900-ton merchantmen. Two ofthese w e r e converted i n t o woodenreplicas of the 33,500-ton battleshipsRevenge and Resolut ion . The thirdwas camouflaged to look like the 12,-000-ton carrier H e m e s . A rea l battle-ship, the 33-year-old Centurion, dis-

armed under the Washington NavalTreaty, also was used in the decep-tion, being converted into a n imitationof the new battleship Anson .

The bogus H e r m e s was wrecked in1941 and the two other merchantmenwere returned to their owners andare now back in service. The formerCenturion was sunk shortly after D-day as a blockship to form part ofthe breakwater off the Normandycoast.

First veteran to receive a physicaltherapy scholarship from th e NationalFoundation for Infantile Paralysis is

Robert E. Wightman of Pittsburghwho was a pharmacist’s mate, firstclass, before he was honorably dis-charged.

Wightman was in the Navy threeyears and served with the Marinesdur ing th e invasion of Bougainville.Before entering the Navy he took pre-medical courses at the University ofPittsburgh.

Other scholarships are available toveterans under the Foundation’s m-tion-wide $1,267,000 free .training ro-gram. Applicants fo r scholarsRipsmust be graduates of accreditedschools of nursing o r physical educa-

tion, or have two years of approvedcollege study with twelve semesterunits of basic .science, including bi-ology. Fo r fur the r details write theNational Foundation for InfantileParalysis, 120 Broadway, New York 5,N. Y.

C h a m p pop. Claimed by his matesto be the highest paid seaman in theNavy is Pembleton J. Wesley, wholists 14 children as dependents anddraws $364 a month. Of Ind ian de-scent, Wesley is 38 and entered theNavy May, 1944. His children ran gein age f rom eight months to 18 years.

Pacific Islands. Our forces had OC-cupied 13 per cent of the 209 majorislands in the Pacific by the time ofthe Japanese surrender. Of the re-maining 87 per cent, 26 per cent hadonly natives and 20 per cent wereuniahabited. The res t were Jap-con-trolled.

46 ALL M N V S



When the war ended nearly two-

outside the states. There were

the states.

At more than 400 places in thewere 38,000 officers and 509,000

ed men. Approximately 118,000

aon combatant units. Auxil-

00,000 personnel. With theoffi-

This is how the Navy shifted itsonnel out of the country a s th e

an : In December 1943 45% of the

try. By Jun e 1945 th at per-

Liberated along with the thou-

f other prisoners of Ja pa n was

e uss S t e w a r t which the Japanese

2 Mar 1942. The destroyer has

at-

Welcoming the S t e w a r t back into

USN, who was

S t e w a r t when she was aban-at Surabaya.

In tribute t o the famed news-

’s exploits, crew members of thes Cabot recently were presented

yle-1945,” the gi ft of anm. While he was

Cabot during the first bigat Tokyo in February

Photograph from Press Association, Inc.

POINT cadets view rifle on

1945

Official U . S. Navy Photograph

ABOARD the USS Portland at Portland, Maine, Capt. Lyman A. Thackreyswears in 34 new N av y recruits in one of many ceremonies held on Navy Day.

1945, Pyle wrote: “My car rie r is aproud one, and deservedly so-out ofits heritage of action has grown anobility.”

The presentation was not the firsttime the crew of the Cabot had par-ticipated in a tribu te to Pyle. Whenthe ss Ern ie Py le was launched atVancouver Navy Yard, a delegationfrom the carrier presented to theofficers an d men of the ship two radio-

phonograph combinations and a plaquewith the inscription: “In Memory ofErnie Pyle, Shipmate, Admired, Re-membered and Missed, from th; Offi-cers and Men of the uss Cabot.

Commemorat ing the 170th anni-

versary of the United States MarineCorps and at the same time seekingto spur the Victory Loan drive, Gen-eral Alexander A. Vandegrift, Com-mandant of the Marine Corps, on 10November unveiled in Washington a36-ft. s tatue depicting the famous flagraising episode atop Iwo Jima’s MountSuribachi. Present at the ceremonieswere Maj. Gen. Graves B. Erskine,

who commanded the Third MarineDivision at Iwo, and PhM2c John H.Bradley, who is one of the three sur-vivors of the episode.

W a r n i n g that the Navy’s job inthe Pacific did not end with the sur-render of Japan, Fleet Admiral Ches-ter W. Nimitz, USN, in a personalmessage t o naval personnel in the Pa-cific, declared the naval service stillhas many obligations t o the Nation-obligations which must be given prior-ity over demobilization.

The tasks ahead, he said, are thoseinvolved in “the occupation of theEmpire and its possessions, the returnt o the United Sta tes of hospital pa-tients, repatriated prisoners of war,and high point personnel in the armedforces.”

The Navy Nurse Corps got anew superintendent early last monthwhen Lt. Comdr. Nellie Jane DeWitt

was appointed to succeed Capt. Sue S.Dauser who retired. Except for a two-year period, the new superintendenthas served continuously in the NavyNurse Corps since graduation fromnurses training in December 1918.Capt. Dauser, who entered the corpsin 1917, is the first woman in theNavy to hold that rank.

Last Destroyer Sunk in the warwas the uss Callughan, which went

down off Okinawa on 29 July 1945,less than an hour before she was tohave begun h er tr ip back to the statesfor overhaul.

Shortly after midnight, after theskipper had told the crew the goodnews, general quarters was soundedwhen‘a‘Jap plane was spotted. It wasan old biplane and was driven off byheavy antia ircra ft fire. However, theplane returned, hugging the water,and was unobserved until just beforeit crashed into the Callughan on thesta rboard side. The plane exploded,its gasoline ignited. Several minuteslater a bomb th at had been attached to

the plane exploded in the after engineroom.At 0050 the ship was ordered aban-

doned and she went down by the st erna t 0234. Attempts to fight the firewere thwarted by exploding ammuni-tion. One officer and 47 enlisted menwere killed.

Reconversion at Marcus. T i n y

Marcus Island, so important t o theJaps during war, is being readied foran important peacetime mission by th eNavy. Forces supplied by Rear Ad-miral F. E. M. Whiting, USN, are re-pairing airstrips on the 740-acre atollfor flights from the Hawaiian Islands

to Tokyo.,When completed, these runways,1,000 miles southeast of Tokyo, willsave nearly a day’s flight over routesnow followed by NATS planes shut-tling personnel and freight across thePacific. The Navy is utilizing a power-ful Jap radio station on the island.

47



THE MONTH’S NEWS

Photoeraphs from Press Association, Inc.

THEN AND NOW on Salerno Beach is pictured here, Top picture taken in September 1943 shows wartime actionas men, equipment and supplies are put ashore. Peaceful scene of bathing and fishing (right) i s Salerno today.

ably sink the ship. Already along the tow, colors on both vessels were half-rail was the whaleboat and life ra ft s masted while th e skipper conducted

Tough besfroyer Lives

the rules, the destroyer U s s were bobbing in the sea-just in case. burial services for a machinist’s mate,Haggard d ~ ~ l dave gone down of f The life ra ft s were not needed. After whose body had been recovered fromOkinawa. A Kamikaze blast had the San Diego g o t under way, the de- the flooded forward engine room.Opened a hole in her hull 20 feet long stroyer uss Walker took the Haggard At Kerama Rhetto, the crew learnedand 18 feet wide, extending from four in slow tow for the fleet anchorage at that their ship was far down on thefeet above the keel t o the waterline. Kerama Rhetto. On this long tr ip the work repair list because priority wasHer forward engine room and forw ard men tensed with each swell of the sea, being given to othe r damaged warshipsand after fire rooms were flooded; seas wondering if the improvised shoring th at could be quickly returned to ac-swept across the deck amidships. would keep the bulkhead in the af te r tion. But ra th er than have thei r shipMore than 50 of he r Crew were dead engne room from collapsing. There scrapped, the officers and men organ-or wounded. was no hot food aboard and the men ized salvage hunts. Ignoring air raids

But a few months later, the Hag- could not sleep below decks. At any they scavenged among other ships ingard game and alone, dW%ed into time duri ng the night the ship might the harbor. Then they built a patchPear l Harbor. Waiting was a mes- have sunk in a matter of minutes. for the huge rent in the hull. F o rsage from Fleet Admiral Nimitz* It The next day, shortly aft er the several days they pumped the water

Haggard has been proved again. Con- hands pitched in on the machinery ingratulations and welcome back to the engine and fire rooms. Then thePearl.” Ship Repair Unit of the US Zaniah

The story of how the officers and constructed two patches strong enoughmen of the Haggard refused t o give to permit the Haggard t o put t o seaher up was a fitting climax to 17 once more.months of duty in advanced areas i n . It was thi s makeshift of machinerythe Pacific during which they polished and patches t ha t won Admiral Nimitz’soff two subs, two planes and partici- admiration. On 6 August the Hag-

pated in landing and raiding opera- gard was in Norfolk Navy Yard, hav-tions from the Solomons t o Japan’s ing earned her rest.home islands.

It was 29 April when the destroyer Averag ing bet ter than t h r e ewas hit. She was in the screen of a Jap ships sunk or damaged daily,carrier task force when a damaged Patrol Eombing Squadron 109 playedKamikaze crashed into the sea so close a major role in the liquidation oftha t it drove into the forward engine Japan’s merchant fleet in the lastroom near the waterline. A 500-pound months of the war. In 61 days ofbomb exploded on impact with the combat missions which ranged frommain engine frame between the cruis- Singapore to Shanghai and Shantunging and high pressure turbines and the to Hokkaido, “109” sank 118 mediumHacrqard began settling. or large enemy ships, damaged 87

The walking wounded pitched in more, shot down seven enemy planeswith the rest of the survivors and in and inflicted heavy damage to enemyless than two hours after the crash‘ ground installations.flooding had been brought under con-trol and the light cruiser uss Sun Third-Timer. Oldest destroyer inDiego was alongside to remove the the Navy, the uss Allen has been de-wounded. Fresh wa te r hoses and commissioned again, the third time inemergency pumps were transferred t o nearly 29 years. Fi rs t commissioned

trolleys. During this operation the for Lt. William Henry Allen and Lt.crew knew that a sudden jolt might SALVAGECREW aises bo w Of William Howard Allen, USN, heroesrupture another bulkhead and prob- Pittsburgh from A ga t harbor a t Guam. of the War of 1812. After service

By

said: “The fighting ability of the from three compartments. Then all

the destroyer and stretchers rigged onOfficial U . S. Navy photograph in January ”17, was named



with the Atlantic Fleet during WorldWar I, Allen was decommissioned inJuly 1922, but was recommissionedthree years later t o serve as a train-ing ship for Naval Reserve personnel.Allen again was decommissioned inMarch 1928 and lay idle until shortlybefore the U. S. entered World War11. Recommissioned in August 1940,the l,OOO-ton, high-forecastled destroy-er was ordered t o Pearl Harbor forduty with the Hawaiian Sea Frontier.

M i n e s have damaged two Ameri-

can vessels in Japanese waters despitethe efforts of a vast Allied fleet en-gaged in sweeping the Western Pa-cific of mines. The auxiliary-storeship uss Bridge and the LSM 114 arethe victims. One crewman was killedon the LSM; none on the Bridge. En-gaged in mine sweeping operationsare 600 U. S. ships, 100 Jap mine-sweepers still operational and manyRussian and British craft.

The disastrous typhoon w h i c hresulted in heavy loss of life and

property when it struck Okinawaearly in October caused little delay inthe processing of military personneleligible for release under the pointdemobilization program.

In the week following the typhoon,7,500 high-point men were processedon the island and evacuated to theUnited States fo r discharge, despitethe fact that nearly all naval person-nel were engaged in clearing away thedebris, evacuating and caring for thewounded and rebuilding facilities.

Included in the task of cleaning upafter the storm is the salvage of 184Navy and merchant ships beached

during the storm. Of tha t number, 70percent are expected t o be salvagedwithin six weeks. To do the job nearlyall salvage ships and tugs assigned tothe fleets in occupied areas have beenordered t o Okinawa.


DRAFT BOARD in New Jersey findsout what it’s like to eat C ration.

VGCEM8ER 1945

Official U. S. Navy Photograph

NAVY SEABEE CHIEF directs Jap work qanq clearinq dock area at a N ipport while sailors on ship look bn.

Demobil ized. AS of 15 Novem-

ber, all war correspondents accreditedto th e Pacific Fleet assumed the st atusof civilian correspondents, AdmiralNimitz’ headquarters announced.

N e w assistant d i rector of theWaves is Comdr. Jean T. Palmer,Omaha, Neb., former BuPers assi stantfor the Women’s Reserve t o the di-

rector of enlisted personnel. Comdr.Palmer relieved Comdr. Tova PetersenWiley who is now on terminal leaveaf te r completing 39 months of activeduty.

laboratory Di rector . Just backfrom Europe where he was chief ofthe Naval Technical Mission, Com-modore Henry A. Schade, USN, hasbeen appointed director of the NavalResearch Laboratory, Washington,D. C . , now pa rt of the Office of Re-search and Inventions. He succeedsRear Admiral Alexander H. VanKeuren, USN (ret), who has been the

director since 1942.Wh en t h ey re t u rn to civilian

life most naval personnel will retainGovernment life insurance purchasedduring the war, it was found in arecent survey at two of the Navy’slargest separation centers. Of thosepolled at one of the centers, 82.58 percent indicatedthe insuranceexpressed a simthe Navy demobchargees are beformation-audio-visual and printed-as t o the method of continuing the lifeinsurance. In addition, they are of-fered the aid of officers trained in Gov-ernment life insurance methods.

Long Voyag e. When the ussNew

Mexico, peacetime “Queen of theFleet,” steamed pas t Fujiyama t o par-ticipate in the Jap surrender cere-

SeaLe& are sGtioned a t Yokosuka.

monies, the 27-year-old battleshipcompleted one of the war’s longesttravel records. In the 1,365 days fromPearl Harbor t o Jap surrender, theN e w Mexico had steamed 183,000nautical miles in World War I1 op-erations, participating in nearly everymajor campaign from Guadalcanalthrough Okinawa. Three times dam-aged in the operations, the N e w Mex-ico expended approximately 13,000,000pounds of ammunition-a greaterweight than was fired by any ship inany previous war in history.

Training for the Blow. A WestIndies hurricane recently provided alaboratory at sea for midshipmen ofthe United States Naval Academy.During a train ing cruise, t he midship-men’s squadron encountered a “blow’1off Bermuda whereupon the squadroncommander, Rear Admiral Frank E.Beatty, USN, ordered an intensive-and immediate-course of instructionon hurricanes.

Later at Cuba, when another hurri-

cane was reported approaching, it wasdecided the squadron should attemptto outrun the storm. The squadrondid-with the resul t tha t the midship-men arrived in New York two daysahead of schedule.

Profits totaling $21,000 from twoNavy - sponsored publications h a v ebeen turned over to Secretary of NavyJames V. Forrestal for the acquisi-tion of permanent exhibits at the U. S.Naval Museum at Annapolis. Au-thored by Comdr: Wal ter Kar ig,USNR, and Lt. Welbourne Kelley,URNR, one of the publications was the150,000-word “Battle Report” cover-ing the first six months of naval warin the Pacific. Profits from the bookamounted t o $12,000. The other pub-lication, written by $omdr. Karig ,was the paper-bound Second Batt leof the Philippine Sea” which sold over200,000 copies for a profit of $9,000.

49



THE MONTH’S NEWS

about 3,000 feet into the sky, rightthrough the cloud we had just flownout Of.”

Pearls. An incidental return fromour capture of Japanese mandatedislands in the Pacific is expected tobe a potentially valuable pearl indus-try. The industry, an extension ofpearl culture in the Japanese homeislands, is primarily on Koror, in thePalaus. I t produced 4,106 pear ls in1931, 2,949 in 1932, 10,000 in 1934 and

1,000 in 1935, according to the onlyfigures now available. The Palaupearls are of unusual size, many of

- them a quarter t o half an i wh indiameter.

A discharge system by w h i c hmerchant seamen with 32 months of“substantially continuous service” inthe Merchant Marine can be releasedhas been set up. Such service includesperiods of hospitalization, medicaltreatment, internment by the enemy o rallowable credit for shore leave. Sea-men rele_ased are _not subject to induc-

Official U. S. Coast Guard photograph

T’S B A C K T O N O R M A L C Y for Coast Guard as PB M rescues I I year oldhis father’s fishing vessel 125 miles at sea.

The prettiest sight I’ve ever seen.. .” This is a sample reaction of

of Air Group Nine-group in the w ar actually to wit-

a Jap 45,000-tonYamato.

Helldivers and Hellcats from sev-

Air Group NineYamato to the

Led by Lt. Thomas H. Stet-usx, six TBMs scored six torpedo

a tremendousa red burst

as th e Yamato disintegrated

L I

The date was 7 Apr 1945, when themade an ill-fated sortie out of

by planes of Task Force 58 off thesouthwestern tip of Kyushu.

Lt. (jg) William K. Gibson, USNR,

led the second section of TBMs in theattack on the super-battleship “Whenwe broke through the clouds, he said,“there she was-about 2,500 yar dsaway. I just had a chance to getsquared away, drop my fish and headfor the clear when the Japs let ushave it. Cans, a cruiser and the‘dragon,’ herself, let go and we g o tout. Brother, it was really something.But other pilots did their stuff andwe watched. She was heeled over,way down in the water. The Ja p canscame in to pick up survivors, but be-fore they could get there, her wholesuperstructure went under. Then sheblew. A big bolt of red fire geysered

tion by Selective Service.At the same time it was announced

tha t the War Shipping Administrationno longer will recruit men betweenthe ages of 18 and 25 unless theyhave been disqualified f o r any mili-tary service or are eligible only f o rlimited service.

Air-sea rescues in the Pacific are afrom the Palau Islands to Japa n saved892 out of 99 7 men, o r 89%, between1 Dec 1944 and the end of the war.Bulk of the rescue work wasaccom-plished from Iwo Jima, one more wayin which this hard won base helpedpay off.

Ship Models. President Trumanhas lent to the Naval Academy hismodels of the uss Missouri, scene ofthe Jap surrender, and the ussAugusta, which took the President toEurope for the Potsdam Conference.The Missouri model was given to thePresident by the Navy.

Official U. S. Navy photograph

frame the escort carrier USS Guadalcanal as it cruises along in the boiling waterakes. Spec ialty of these rugged speedboats i s picking up downed aviafors in close-to-shore operations.

A l l MAIYDS



THE MONTH’S NEWS

Photograph froln Press Association, Inc.

INDONESIAN NATIONALISTS fighting Dutch in Java learn operation ofmachine guns taken from Japs. Photo wa s taken b efore fighting occurred.

WORLD AFFAIRS

N ew Wars FlareArmed conflict which many felt

threatened the newly won peace of theworld flared last month in two areas-China and the Netherlands Eas tIndies.

In China, the United S tates soughtto remain free of civil war betweenNationalists and Chinese Communistsfighting fo r control of Manchuria.

Strife broke out when the forces ofGeneralissimo Chiang Kai-shek, mov-ing to establish Central Governmentauthority over M a n c h u r i a whichSoviet troops had taken over from thedefeated Japs, collided with ChineseReds seeking control in the sameregion.

United States forces were presentin North China to he h ca rrv out threeobligations: (1) to -help Nationalistforces round up 2,000,000 Ja p soldiers

and civilians, (2 ) to liberate Alliedprisoners of war and internees, and(3 ) t o help establishcarrylng out the obligatitailed landing NationAmerican ships andmarines to u a r dbridges, the United States became in-volved in the fratricidal strife.

Fighting between the two Chinesefactions flaredern anchor ofChinese Reds c

rawal of the

in China, Lt. Gen. Albert C. Weder-meyer, denied U. S. forces had joinedthe conflict but admitted that therehad been some skirmishes. Secretaryof War Robert Patterson, dedaringAmerican forces were in China tocarr y out U. S. obligations, denied ourtroops would aid in suppressing thecivil strife but added that they would

52

act if attacked. A later charge th atthe U. S. had agreed to lend China$64,000,000 for purchase of Americanarms and ammunition also was denied.

As for the 50,000 Marines in NorthChina, Secretary of State James F.Byrnes announced in Washington thatthey would be withdrawn as soon astheir mission is completed.

Main hope of resolving the unde-clared war before it became a full-scale engagement was the concerted

effort being made to bring about re-sumption of the suspended negotia-tions between the Nationalists andChinese Reds.

In Java, nationalis t demonstra-tions a nd riot s led to fighting betweenJavanese forces and British troops.At Surabaya, British units suffered100 casualties when attacked by theIndonesians. The incident was fol-lowed the next day by assassinationof the local British commander, Brig-adier Aubertin W. s. Mallaby. Whenthe British learned that 100,000 In-doesians, armed with Jap equipment,

were massing in central Jav a, an ulti-ihatum was issued demanding the na-tives lay down their arms. When itwas refused, the British landed moretroops and equipment and launched afull scale assault on Surabaya.

Just prior to the ultimatum, theIndonesian de facto government hadrefused Dutch proposals to grant:(1) full partnership in a New Nether-lands commonwealth; (2 ) an Indo-nesian. government with its own repre-sentative body, plus an advisory coun-cil of ministers and a Dutch governorgeneral; (3 ) suffrage to be deter-mined by joint consultation; (4 ) Indo-nesian participation in civil and mili-tary service, and (5) increased edu-cation, and ( 6 ) improved income dis-tribution.

The Indonesians countered with aproDnqa1 for a plebiscite conducted bythe United Nations o r arbitration bythe United States.

Atomic DilemmaWith debate on the atomic bomb

welling up to an explosive potentialonly slightly less than that of thebomb itself, the men who must decidewhat to do with the world’s most de-structive force found the recommenda-tions of scientists, legislators, diplo-mats, clerics and the “little guys” fall-ing into four main groupiiigs:

e Demands that the secret infor-

secret information about it be givento the world, or at least to the Secur.it y Council of the United Nations Or-ganization.

0 Suggestions t hat it be used as abasis for a world government.

0 Pleas that the use of and researchon the bomb be banned altogether.

Out of the mighty mass of fact andopinion advanced in the atomic bombdiscussions it seemed evident that pro-duction (in quantity o r size), secrecy,cost, resources, military and scientificmeasures offer little o r no protection.

With the realization of these atomicfacts, the leaders of nations, especiallymajor powers, are faced with the prob-lem of how best to protect the worldfrom the terrible consequences of anatomic war.

Spurred by the warnings of scien-tists and the uneasiness of the worldin general, the heads of the govern-ments of the United States, GreatBritain and Canada-the tl re e nationsthat produced and now hold key dataon th e atom bomb-met in Washing-ton in mid-November to formulate apolicy on the atomic bomb.

After nearly a week of conferences,

President Truman and Prime Minis-ters Attlee and Mackenzie King an-nounced in a joint declaration thattheir governments:

o Will share technical atomic bombinformation in its industrial applica-


PLAYING WAR i s still a game forJap boys. Locale i s old bom b shelter.

A14 MANOS



of th e UNO on a re-

itsf o r destructive purposes can be

0 Propose a special commission setU N O to prepare recommen-

(1 ) the exchange

ul ends, (2 ) the control of atom-its use only for

(3 ) the eliminationmic weapons from national a r-

s of violations and evasions.

a monopoly” of it. With

of atomicfor destruction, but also to

o r devising means to in- PRESIDENT TRUMAN greets British Prime Minister Attlee on arrival a tthat the new discoveries be wed W h it e Ho use to discuss atom ic bomb. Sta te Secretary Byrnes looks on.

Great Britain and Canada sen, USNR, and former governor of tions became a of the law ofbu t upon the whole civilized Minnesota.

Stassen, who to civilian nations” a t 1650 Wednesday 24 Octo-life last month, suggested tha t the ber when Secretary James F. ByrnesU N O createan international air force signed the required protocol aft er

f war.” This can only be consisting of five bomber squadrons being presented with the ratificationeach equipped with five atomic bombs instrument of the Soviet government.

the United Nations or - and spaced around the world to halt, Under the terms Of the charter, 29n and by consolidating and aggression. H~ urged that after the (including the “Big Five”) out of a

international a ir force is equipped fur- total of 51 countries had to r atif y thenwhile, Congress still had be- ther manufacture of the atomic bombs charter before it became effective.it the May-Johnson bill which be outlawed and the U N O Security Russia’s ratification was the 29th.

Council create a commission to super- First meeting of th e General Assem-energy research, development vise and inspect all atomic manufac- bly of U N O is tentatively scheduled

ture and experimentation.. for London on 4 December at whichrnate Plans offered else- Whatever other problems faced the time it is expected th at the date and

e for the fu ture of the bomb was world, the atom bomb obviously held place of the first formal session of theNo. 1 position on the list demanding ful l world organizat ion will be set.rapid but thoughtful solution. Butthere seemed to be one good sign El@cfions in the Balkans eemerging from the atomic fog of fact, unusual events bu t l ast month elec-rumor and opinion: most observers be- tions were held in Hungary and Yugo-lieve there is evidence of a stronger slavia.inclination fo r cooperation among na- I n Yugoslavia, Marshal Tito’s Na-tions. ti’onal Fron t won indorsement in an

“election” in which more than 90 perCordel l Hull, former Secretary of cent of the country’s eligible voters

State, has been awarded the 1945 cast ballots. Running without oppo-

Nobel Peace Prize for his role in lay- sition, Tito’s candidates f o r the assem-ing the foundation fo r the UNO. bly polled the heaviest vote in theThe award, suspended since 1938, is nation’s history. Those who wanted to

made annually to the person o r per- vote against the National Front couldsons “who shall have most or best do so in a special ballot box. One ofpromoted the fraternity of nations the reasons for the heavy vote wasand the abolishment o r diminution of the fact th at women were voting forstanding armies and the formation the first time.and extension of peace congresses.” In the first wholly fr ee national and

Although illness forced him to re- municipal elections in Hungary’s his-sign as Secretary of State before the tory, the conservative Small , Land-United Nations Char ter was adopted holders Party , representing everyat San Francisco, Hull is often re- shade of political thought, won de-fer red to as the “father” of the UNO cisively over Socialist and Communistbecause of efforts to bring the nations opponents.of the world together as a unit to pre-

vent further aggression.Brazil ian Tremors. A i d t e n -

The 5-man Norwegian Parliament sion growing with the approach of thecommittee which selected Hull also 2 December presidential election,awarded the 1944 Nobel prize to the Getulio Vargas resigned as presidentInternational Committee of the Red of Brazil, ending a 15-year term inCross for its work among prisoners office. Taking Vargas’ place as provi-of war. sional president until the election is

Photooraph from Press Association, Inc.

rests not on the United the proposal of Capt. Harold E. Stas- The Charter of the Un i te d Na-

State, i s given Nobel peace prize.

194s 53



THE MONTH’S NEWS


GERMAN WOMEN PRISONERS in the Peninsular Base Section camp a+Florence, Italy, improve barracks area. There are 2,700 women in the camp.

held is Supreme Court Justice JoseLinhares, who appointed a new cab-inet immediately upon taking office.

There was little or no violence inthe change of governments, althoughthe Brazilian army was ordered intothe streets of Rio de Janeiro shortlyafter Vargas announced appointmentof his brother, Benjamin, as chief ofthe Rio police. Vargas’ resignationfollowed shortly after the appearance

of the army units.In his third report as military

governor of the American zone of OC-

cupation in Germany and shortly be-fore his return to the United Statesfor conferences, Gen. of the ArmyDwight D. Eicenhower declared thatwidespread unemployment in the zone,unless checked, may lead to organizedresistance against occupation forces.He added that MG’s controls and thelocal German agcncies have been sosuccessfully established that it hasbecome feasible to plan for the with-drawal of all but supervisory c o c k o lunits on the lower governmental levelsbut, he warned, long occupation isnecessary to complete the reformationof the German people.

“This i s heaven.” That’s wha t onesailor said of Shanghai shortly aftersailors landed and began making therounds. Top prior ity on bluejackets’shopping list went to silk stockings,filmy black lace panties, nightgowns,pajamas. These were items Chinesestorekeepers had hidden during Japoccupation. Also brcken out from hid-ing places were bottles of pre-war

Scotch whisky. With Americans chang-ing their currency into the puppetmoney, a dinner and drinks for twofrequently cost 3,000,000 Chinese dol-lars. Some sailors remarked they’dneed seabags for the money to take agirl t o dinner.

Hitler’s death has been accepted

as fact by British authorities. Intelli-gence cfficers, after exhaustive imesii-gations, have little docbt, according toa British spokesman, that the fcrxerNazi leader and his bride, Eva Bracn,took their lives after making elabo-rat e preparations t o have their bodiesburned. The preparations reportedlywere made during a macabre weddingfeast 30 April.

The first nonsfop fl ight fromJapan to Washington was completed 1November when four B-29s arrived atthe capital’s National Airport, thefirst plane landing 27 hours and 29

minutes after taking off. The flightwas the Army’s second attempt tomake the 6,544-mile trip nonstop. Thefirst, a three-plane flight, failed whenconstant adverse winds forced land-ings a t Chicago. Both flights fol-lowed the same route, the great cir-

* A +

-%&QUOTES OF THE MONTH

0 Secretary of States Bymes, dis-cussing the need f o r the world-widesystem o f United Nations: “Theremust be one world for all of us o rthere will be no world for any of us.”0 A young toqvedo-plane pilot, con-sidering a return t o civilian life:“It’s obvious that nothing can everhappen to me in my life-if I comeout of this-that won’t be an anti-climax. It’s a funny sort of thing tobe 21 an d at the absolute peak ofeverything.”

Secretarg of Wa r Robert Patter-son, calling f o r universal militarytraining: “T$e price of security willnot be small.0 M r s . Eleanor Deven?j, 25 , mothero f 2, speaking of the 16-ycar-old

youth she tried to elope with: “He’sthe kind of a man every girl dreamsabout but seldom finds. He’s more ofa may, at 4 6 than a lot of men areat 35 .o Dorothy Dix , counseling the re-turning veteran on what to espectof his wife: “Women are birds of adifferent feather now.”@B ri g. Gen. Harry H . Vaughan,presenting Boy Scout award to ase.rgeant: “If the Army had enoughgood sergeants, the coly,nels and gen-

erals could stay home.0 Captain Harold E. Stassen, urgingthe atomic bomb be outlawed: “Thereis no logical reason why each nationcf the world should have the powerto destroy other nations.”



R E P O R T FROM HOMETalks

With an appeal to the 36 delegatesa “broad and permanent

t o meet the th re at of crip-

Warning that “our country is wor-

t o

t o compose industrial diffi-:

0 Genuine ccllective bargaining.0 Use of impartial machinery t o

0 Peaceful negot iations of contractsd adjustment of disputes aris ing

e A substitute for inter-union juris-

Among the delegates to the confer-

a Government affair buta meeting of representatives of

John L. Lewis, president of the

Organizations; William Green,

f Labw; Er ic Johnston, president ofe Chamber of Commerce; Ira

on of Manufacturers , and C. E.

Definite progress was made during

egates. An accord on “fullce” of the principle of collec-

a similar industry peaceI.

Although wages were not on the

n was injected into the parley. But

t o strived for agreement.

A week before the conference,

but a t the same time had ruledat . prices must be held stable. De-

t o prevent deflatim, the

not hope to maintain on a

Meanwhile, Congress was studyingt o increase the legal mini-

65 cents an hour. Secre-

DECEMBER 1945

was necessary in justice to a largegroup of wage earners who had neverattained our standard of living.

A few days later, Price Administra-tor Chester Bowles joined the Secre-ta ry of Labor, assuring Congress thatthe increase to 65 cents would have no

significant price consequences andwould in fact improve the economy.

The national economy as affected byincreased wages as well as tax reduc-tions and loans to foreign countriesprompted Bernard M. Baruch, advisert o Presidents and one of America’selder statesmen, to warn that thecountry faces inflationary dangers un-less o u r production is guided alongnecessarychannels until it is increased.Then, he added, we must determine(1) how to divide production so thatenough of what is produced remainsin the United States to prevent infla-tion and (2) how much to allocate fo r

foreign rehabilitation.

Income Tax Cut

Exempting the service pay of en-listed men from a ny tax during thewa ryear s a nd allowing officers thre e yearsin which to pay any back taxes ontheir service pay (see p. 73), a t a xbill slicing the levies of individualsand corporations an estimated $5,920,-000,000 has been signed into law byPresident Truman.

The measure which removes 12,000,-000 low-income wage earners from theincome tax rolls also reduces by 10percent or more the levy on incomes

up to $5.0,000 and grants smaller re-duction on incomes over $50,000.

Pearl Harbor InquiryCongress last month undertook a

public investigation into events thatsurrounded the Japanese surprise at-tack on Pearl Harbor ‘7 Dec 1941. Theinvestigating committee i s made up ofsix Democrats and four Republicans,under the chairmanship of SenLtorBarkley. The Pearl Harbor disasterhas been investigated several times :by the Roberts Commission, by a spe-cial Army board and by a Navyboard; but because of wartime secur-ity none were conducted in public.

Universal Training ProposedPresident Truman delivered an his-

tol-ic address on 23 October before ajoint session of Congress, requestinglegislation f o r peacetime universalmilitary training. Excerpts:

“The day of the minute man whosprang to the flintlock hanging on hiswall is over. Now it takes manymonths for men to become skilled inelectronics, aeronautics, ballistics, me-teorology and all the other sciences ofmodern war. If another nationalemergency should come the re would beno time for this complicated training.Men must be trained in advance.

“I recommend that we c reate a post-war military organization which willcontain the following basic elements:

“First-A comparatively small regu-lar Army, Navy and Marine Corps;

“Second-A Grea tly strengthenedNational Guard and an organized re-serve for the Army, Navy and MarineCorps;

“Third-A general reserve com-


LABOR-MANAGEMENT conference speakers who addressed first sessionin W ashington 5 November are grouped around chairman Walter P. Stacy.Shown Ileft to riah tl seated: Comm erce Secretary Wa llace; Stacy, and



THE MONTH’S NEWS

posed of a ll the male citizens of theUnited States who have receivedtraining.

“The general reserve would beavailable for rapid mobilization intime of emergency, but i t would haveno obligation to serve, either in thiscountry or abroad, unless and untilcalled to the service by an act of theCongress.

“In order t o provide this generalreserve, I recommend to the Congressthe adoption of a plan for universalmilitary training.

“Universal military training is notconscription. The opponents of train-ing have labeled it conscription, andby so doing have confused the mindsof some of our citizens. Conscriptionis compulsory service in the Army orNavy in time of peace o r war. Train-ees under this proposed legislation,however, would not be enrolled in anyof the armed services. They would becivilians in train ing. They would beno closer to membership in the armed

forces than if they had no training.Special rules and regulations wouldhave to be adopted for their organiza-tion, discipline and welfare.

* * *“The basic reason for universal

training is a very simple one-toguarantee the safety and freedom ofthe United States against any poten-tia l aggressor. The other benefits areall by-products-useful indeed, butstill by-products. The fundamentalneed is, and always will be, the na-tional security of the United Statesand the safety of our homes and ourloved ones.

“Since training alone is involved,and not actual military service, noexemptions should be allowed for occu-pation, dependency, o r for any otherreason except total physical disquali-fication.

“Upon completion of a full year’straining, the trainee would become amember of the general reserve for aperiod of six years. After that heshould be placed in a secondary re-serve.

“The argument has been made thatcompulsory tra in ing violates tradition-

al American concepts of liberty anddemocracy, and even that it wouldendanger our , system of governmentby creating a powerful military caste.

“The purpose of the program, how-ever, is just the contrary. And it willhave ju st the contrary result. Theobjective is not to train professibnalsoldiers. It is to t rai n citizens, so thatif and when the Congress should de-clare it necessary for them to becomesoldiers, they could do so more quicklyand more efficiently. A large trainedreserve of peace-loving citizens wouldnever go to war o r encourage war, ifit could be avoided.

“It is no valuable, valid argumentagainst adopting universal’training atthis time that there are now millionsof trained veterans of this war. Nofair-minded person would suggest thatwe continue to rely indefinitely uponthose veterans. They have earned theheart felt grati tude of us all-and they

* * *

* * *



Home-Pown TopicsWartime advertisements of the

shiny postwar cars-to-be created thedesired nation-wide anticipation, butthe real thing turned anticipation intooverwhelming temptation in N a s s a uC o u n t y , N . Y., where a thief brokeinto a show room and stole the first1946 Buick on display. However,apparently feeling the loot a bit obvi-ous, the “car-naper” abandoned the$1,800 automobile af te r diiving it only14 miles. . . . The ret ur n of gasoline-

in-quantity has forced a cllailge in theway of life at the Cawb r i d g e , Mass.,police department where Chief Tim-othy F. Leahy felt called upon to or-der his men to “stop playing domi-noes” following reports that policemenhave been slow in answering calls.

After reviving Ralph Booen, theA l b e r t L e a , M i n n . fire department as-sured the 60-year-old experimenterthat his new gas rat exterminationsystem which he had been checkingwas functioning perfectly.. . Two stu-dents of the W e s t N e w York,N. J . highschool were arrested when their “TNTapple”-23 sticks of dynamite and 90

detonat ing caps-were discovered un-de r the school house steps.. . Everyoneknows what they do in the inf antry butEx-Sergeant William Bar nes found outthat such doings don’t halt with dis-charge. Barnes wore out his first pair(in f ou r years) of civilian shoes pound-ing Manhattan’s pavements in searchof an apartment for his family. But heDID find a n apartment.

When a woman visitor to a prisoner-of-war exposition in N e w York pointedout a change in a display atop a 10-ft.guard tower, red-faced guards discov-ered that a dummy had been strippedof its Luftwaffe uniform. .. The lure

of California apparently stretchesacross the 2,000 miles to Honolu luwhere Miss Antonio “Tonya” Jones,32, recently set sail alone in a frail,30-foot ketch for S a n Franc isco .

Ration books were well on their

way last month to becoming civilian

Photonraph from Press Association, Inc.

HOUSING SHORTAGE i s tough for many civilians these days. H er e Da vidMizrahi, a Marine veteran, moves wife, son into pup tent in Los Angeles.

souvenirs, although certain items stillrequire stamps-and will for sometime.

Latest items taken from the list ofrationed goods were shoes and auto-mobiles and the Department of Agri-culture predicted that meat would bepoint-free early in 1946. On the otherhand, sugar, butter, margarine, lardand shortening apparently are on thelist to stay for some little time-atleas t well into 1946. In the case ofsugar, civil strife in Java and other

Netherland East Indies islands andthe slow return to production in thePhilippines were blamed.

As for cars, the removal of ration-ing had to be tempered with the eober-ing news that new cars won’t beplentiful for many months to come.

World Wide photograph

RECONVERSION is expected to bring a boom in home construction. Hereis a model illustrating increased use of windows featured in many house plans.

D&C&M8&1p 1945

S P O R T S

Found: A Contender

Undefeated, yet not too highly re-garded as a contender in the annualgridiron battle with Army, Navy’sfootball task force on 10 Novemberemerged from a sparkling victoryover Michigan to confound those who

had counted it out of the 1 Decemberclassic.

Again on 17 November the Middieswon, this time 36 to 7 over Wisconsin-but all was no t sunshine and roses,because the Army team meanwhilewas showing it s power by drubbingPennsylvania, 61 t o 0.

Navy’s gridiron prestige had hit itslowest point earlier when the midship-men eleven was tied and outplayecjNotre Dame. At that time the expel’ts-the armchai r “coaches” and sportswriters-had handed down Sundaymorning judgments to the effect:Navycan’t win.

The Naval Academy’s early seasonrecord was good-on paper-but th eexperts still weren’t satisfied tha t theteam was of championship stripe. Intheir first three games the middiesweren’t scored on. Fir st, Villanovatoppled 49-0; then Duke 21-0 fol-lowed by Penn State 28-0. AgainstPenn, Navy found the going muchtougher, came up with a 14-7 victoryover a team later rated second o rthird in the East.

Meeting Notre Dame’s Irish atCleveland, Navy found itself on thedefensive most of the time. This was

shown in the statistics of the game:yards gained by rushing-Navy 60,Notre Dame 179: by forward passes-Navy 55, Notre Dame 116; first downs-Navy 8, Notre Dame 12.

But the highlight of the game wasNotre Dame’s last second push in

57



tHE MONTH’S NEWS

which many felt the Irish, with onlyinches t o go, had scored the winningtouchdown but which officials ruled(and movies later proved) a failure.

In the Michigan game, the midship-men exploded; they seemed to havefound themselves and solved the rid-dle of their newly-adopted “T”system. Admittedly competent at de-fense, the Navy team showed offen-sive resourcefulness which blastedMichigan off the field. The result:the Wolverines were crushed 33-7, onetouchdown worse than the drubbinggiven them by the cadets earlier in theseason.

While the Naval Academy was run-ning wild over Michigan, Army washanding the midshipmen’s week-be-fore opponent, Notre Dame, its worstdefeat of the season, 48-0. Army’slatest victory and previous m n sfailed, however, to dim the Navy’snew prestige. Earlier Army winswere over the Army Air Forces Per-sonnel Distribution Command team,32-0; Wake Forest, 54-0; Michigan,28-7; Duke, 48-13, and Villanova 54-0.

Elsewhere in the nation’s gridironsas of mid-November:

The Oklahoma Aggies cinched theMissouri Valley title by defeatingTulsa. Oklahoma was leading therace for the Big Six championshipbut Missouri was hot on the Sooners’heels. In the Southeast conference,Alabama, unbeaten and untied, wason top followed by Mississippi State,Georgia Tech, LSU and Georgia. Onthe Pacific coast, St. Mary’s was re-garded tops, although Southern Cali-fornia had regained first place in thePacific conference. In the Southwest ,

Texas and Texas Aggies were t ied forfirst place. Colorado was leading theRocky Mountain league, followed byDenver and Utah. Duke led in theSouth. Notre Dame dominated themidwest. The Western Conference

* * * Photooraph from Press Association, Inc.VOTED MOST valuable player in Na-tional League i s Cubs’ Phil Cavarretta.

was topped by Indiana, followed byOhio State, Purdue and Michigan.

In the pro leagues, Cleveland andDetroit were battling it out for topspot in the western division whileWashing headed the eastern.

O n e of Navy’s football im -mortals, Col. Emery Ellsworth

“Swede” Larson, 46, USMC, died 7 No-vember at the Atlanta Naval Air Sta-tion dispensary where he was takenafter suffering a heart attack while

attending a football game.Col. Larson’s military career was

filled with action not only on the grid-iron but also in combat. Born in Mon-ticello, Minn., he enlisted in the Ma-rine Corps in 1917 and was appointed

to the Academy in June 1918. AtAnnapolis he played football threeyears-each of which saw Navy de-fe at Army-and won the ThompsonTrophy as Navy’s outstanding athletein 1922.

He continued his football careerduring three years at Quantico andsubsequent duty at Parris Island andHawaii. He even extended his coach-ing to the uss Pennsylvania, whoseteam he led to Fleet championships in1935 and 1936. Before returning to

the academy as coach in 1938. Col.Larson led the Sixth Marine footballteam at Shanghai. During his threeyear.; as coach at the academy, themidshipmen under his guidance beatWest Point 10-0, 14-0 and 14-6.

When his team defeated Army inNovember 1941, Col. Larson declared :“This will be the last football for mefor quite a while. There’s a biggergame coming up and I’m going to bein it.” Eight days came Pearl Harbor.

Early in the war he saw duty in theAleutians and later led his reffimentinto action at Tarawa, Kwajalein andthe Marshalls. He was ordered to

Marine Corps headquarters in Wash-ington, D. C., in February 1944,

Banner Year-at the GateWith five teams drawing better than

a million attendance, major leaguebaseball set a new attendance recordin 1945 in spite of numerous gamesthat would have been insulting tominor leagues before the war. Thetotal attendance was 11,375,185, ofwhich the American League covtrib-uted 6,002,366 and the $enlor circult5,372,819. This figure did not includethousands of servlcemen and womenwho were on the cuff.

The three New York teams-

Yankees, Giants and Dodgers-were inthe million class, the Giants for thefirst time in their history. The othertwo teams in that category were thepennant winners, the Detroit Tigersand Chicago Cubs.

Photograph from Press Association, I nc .

NAVY DEFENSE and Army offense featured their games with N otr e Dam e as service teams headed forclassic clash. Minis i’s one -foot- line tackle saved * Navy’s 6-6 tie. Arm y’s Davis scores early in 48-0 victory.

58 A l l UAMVS



DIESRON 23 AWARDED UNIT CITATION’little Beavers’ Won FameDuring Solomons Campaign

The Presidential Unit Citation hasbeen presented to Destroyer Squadron23, consisting of the uss Charles Aus-hurne, Ctaxton, Dyson, Spence, Con-verse, and Stanly. These six ships,known as the “Little Beavers” had amajor part in action against the Japa-nese forces during t he Solomon Islandscampaign from 1 Nov 1943 to 23 Feb1944.

Four of the ships, the uss CharlesAushurne (flagship), Converse, Clax-ton and Dysorz, received the award from

Secretary of the Navy James F orrestalat the Washington, D. C., Navy Yardon 19 Oct 1945. The uss Stanly wasst the Mare Island Navy Yard on tha tdate and the Spence foundered andsank in heavy weather on 17 Dec 1944.

These six destroyers, .plus the uSSFoote, Thatcher and Aulzck, comprisedthe original squadron under the com-mand of Capt. Arleigh A. Burke, USN,Boulder, Coio., whose repeated fa st ma-neuvers spelled surprise and defeat fo rthe Japs and won for him the nick-name, “31-knot Burke.” The Foote,torpedoed duri ng the Battle of Em-press Augusta Bay, 1-2 Nov 1943, had

t o be towed to the United States,thereby missing the great er pa rt of theperiod f or which th e citation was given.The Thatcher, damaged in the samebattle, proceeded to Pearl Harbor andfinally to the United States. The Aulickwas temporarily put out of action priorto the period due t o perils of the sea.

Commanded by forceful leaders andmanned by aggressive, fearless crews,the ships of Squadron 23 coordinated asa superb fighting team, boldly penetrat-ing submarine-infested waters duringa period when Japanese naval and airpower was at it s height. They.coun-tered t he enemy’s fierce aerial bombingattacks and destroyed o r routed hisplanes, intercepted his surface taskforces, sank or damaged his warshipsby torpedo fire, prevented interferencewith our transports, and rendered ef-fective cover and fire support for themajor invasion operations in this area.I n 22 separate engagements during thecited period, the squadron is creditedwith the destruction of one Ja p cruiser,nine destroyers, one submarine, oneauxiliary vessel, one coastal destroyerminelayer, one large cargo vessel, andfour barges and numerous air cra ft es-timated a t possibly 30. In 11bombard-ments several shore batteries, supply

dumps, bivouac areas were set afireand destroyed.

During the period, Capt. Burke wasawarded the Distinguished ServiceMedal, th e Navy Cross and the Legionof Merit. In addition, Capt. BernardL. Austin, USN, Rock Hill, S. C., was

D€C€M8€R 1945’

awarded the Navy Cross and SilverStar Medal while he was in commandof Destroyer Division 46 , a part ofSquadron 23; Capt. Leland R. Lamp-man, USN, Huntington, W. Va., formerCO of the USS Thatcher, has receivedthe Silver Star Medal; and Comdr.Alston Ramsey, US” , former CO ofthe uss Foote, also received the SilverSta r Medal. Included among thosewho were commanding officers and re-ceived individual awards for actionduring the citation period were:

Capt. Henry J. Armstrong, USN,

Sa nta Ana, Calif., former CO of theuss Spence, Silver Star Medal, Navy

Cross and Bronze Star; Capt. RobertCavenagh, USN, New Philadelphia,Ohio, former CO of the uss Stanly,Silver Star Medal, Bronze St ar Medal;Comdr. John B. Colwell, USN, PawneeCity, Neb., former CO of the Converse,two Bronze Star Medals; Capt. Roy A.Gano, USN, Pipestone, Minn., formerCO of the uss D y s o n , Bronze StarMedal, Navy Cross, and Silver StarMedal; Capt. DeWitt C. E. Hamber-ger, USN, Washington, D. C., formerCO of the uss Converse, Navy Crossand Silver Star Medal; Comdr. EllisH. McDowell, USN, Pasadena, Calif.,CO of the uss Converse, two BronzeStar Medals; Comdr. John B. Morland,USN, Haven, Kans., former CO of theUSS Stanly, two Bronze Star Medals;Capt. Luther K. Reynolds, USN, WaterValley, Miss., former CO of the ussAusbume, Navy Cross, Bronze StarMedal and Silver Star Medal; Capt.Herald F. Stout, USN, Dover, Ohio, for-mer CO of the uss Claxton, Navy Crossand Silver St ar Medal.

Bronze Star Medals were awardedto: Andrews, Fr an k V., Lt. Comdr.,USN, Pasadena , Calif.; Bedell, Arthu rW., Lt., USNR, Albany, N. Y.; Beeman,Nyle J., CGM, USN, Bartley, Neb.;Briggs, John F. Jr., Lt.(jg), USN,

White Plains, N. Y.; Burt, Arthur H.Jr., Lt. USNR, Elmira, N. Y.; Cam,Francis H., CWT, USN, Washington, D.C.; Carte r, John R., Lt. Comdr., uSNR,Omaha, Neb.; Connelly, John W. Jr.,Lt., USNR, Dorchester, Mass.; Davis,John H., Lt., uSNR, Birmingham, Ala.;Dereume, August J., Lt., USNR, Punx-sutawney, Pa.; Duchen, Charles, Lt.,USNR, St. Louis, Mo.; Ereckson, HenryJ. Jr., Lt., USN, Muskogee, Okla.; Fer-gus , Robert C., CGM, USN, Racine,Wis.; Fox, Robert B., Lt., uSNR, Chi-cago, Ill.; Frost, Charles O., Lt. (jg) ,USNR, Seymour, Ind.; Gaetjens, Wil-liam P., CBM, USN, Pittsburgh, Pa.;Girv in, Eb C., Lt., USNR, Waco, Tex.;Gray, Joseph H., Lt., USNR, Greens-burgh, Pa.; Green, Herbert N., CBM,USN, Orleans, Ind.; Harvey, Robert C.,Lt., USNR, Atchison, Kans.; Herbert,Edward I., CY, USNR, St. Louis, Mo.;Hogan, William H., Jr., Lt., USNR, Sa-lem, Mass.; Hummel, David D., CGM,

USN, Fremont , Wis.; Hurley, Paul, Lt.,uSNR, Quincy, Mass.; Hum, RichardW., Lt., uSNR, Henrietta, Tex.; Mills,Ja re d W., Lt. Comdr., USNR, San Fran-cisco, Calif.; Moody, Francis T., MM2c,USNR, Santa Cruz, Calif. ;Mulcey, PaulA., Lt., USNR, Elkins Park, Pa.; Moore,Wilbur E., Slc, U S N ~Oak Hill, W. Va.;Naylor , Jesse A., Lt., USN, Kansas City,Mo.; Newport, Wayne M., Lt. Comdr.,USN, Davenport, Iowa; Ottlinger, Mi-chael E., TMlc, USN, Cincinnati, Ohio;Parker, Otis M., Lt., USN, Austin,Tex.; Peet, Raymond E., Lt., USN,

Binghamton, N. Y.; Reeder, WilliamE., CFC, USN, Gig Harbor, Wash.;

Renfro, John N., Lt. Comdr., USN,Cleveland, Ohio. : Roberts, Willis L., Lt.Comdr., uSNR, Chicago, 111.; Rusin, Jo-seph, GMlc, USNR, Manchester, N. H.;Sancho, Frank R., BM2c, USN, Detroit,Mich.; Sander, Carl A., Lt. Comdr.,USN, Cumberland, Md.; Schrieber, JohnJ., Ens., USN, Garret Park, Md.; Smith,Robert G ., Lt.(jg), USN, Belfry, Ky.;Spore, Burns W., Lt. Comdr., USN, Cor-onado, Calif.; TenEyck, T. Willard,Lt., USNR, Denver colo.; Taylor, Har-old L., CMM, USN, Chicago, Ill.; White,Byron R. (“Whizzer”),Lt., USNR, Wel-lington, Colo. ;Whitehurst, William B.,Lt., USNR, Bethel, N. C.

Forty-one letters of commendationwere also awarded to various membersof the different ships’ companies.

Presidential Honors

Awarded to SubsFlasher and Tirante

Presidential Unit Citations havebeen awarded to two submarines, theuss Tirante and uss Flasher, f o r ex-ceptional performances during Pacificwa r patrols.

In special ceremonies at the Wash-ington Navy Yar d on 19 Oct 1945, Sec-retary of the Navy James Forrest11presented the Presidential Unit Cita-tion t o the submarine Tirante in recog-nition of daring combat achievemectduring her first war patrol.

Penetrating into the harbor of Quel-pbrt Island off the coast of Korea on14 Apr 1945, despite mine and shoalobstructed waters, numerous patrollingvessels and aircraft, and five shore-based radar stations, the submarinesent two torpedoes into a large Japa-nese ammunition ship. Then, althoughspotted by the enemy as she stood outplainly in the glare of the explosion, theTirante quickly set up the torpedo da tacomputer while retiring and fired herlast two torpedoes into two other ves-sels. The Tirante then cleared the har -bor undetected along the shorerine, div-ing deep as a pursuing patrol dropped



Pigeon, Lost in '42, NAVY CROSSREClP IE NTS

pat tern of depth charges at the point

Comdr. George L. Street 111, USN,

s CO of the Tirante

was awarded. Hed the Medal of Honor for his

n tha t action (ALLHANDS,No-

p. 55). The executive of-Jr.,Carmel, Calif., received the Navyfo r the same patrol (See col. 2).

The uss Flasher has been awardede Presidential Unit Citation in recog-

f the personal valor and superbip of her officers and men dur-

g her third, fou&h and fifth war pa-s in the Pacific. Constantly forced

d threatened by strong hos-ir coverage, the uss Flasher per-

ted formidable screens t o press homeo r night, inflicting

o r severely damaged.

Philippines Work

Earns Unit Honor

For Salvage GroupThe ship salvage, fire-fighting and

of Manila harbor. The unitat-

salvaging many vi-l service and combatant ships.

Within a period of three months, the

o rof over 350 vessels together

f Japanese

All personnel attached t o and serv-ng with the unit, or with the following

to wear the Navy Unit Com-uss Cable, 20 Oct

4 to 10 June 1945; uss Quapaw, 20uss Sonoma,

ussGrasp, 6 Jan-u s ~ idatsa, 6 Jan-

Mar 1945; ATR-31, 7-8 Dec 1944;30 Jan-3 Mar 1945; the usss

wwle. Potawatomi. Chickasaw. Cho-an%, Apache, Rail,'ATR-61, ARL-2,

from 6 Jan-15 Feb 1945; theChanticleer, Teak, YP-421, PT-

Mar-10 June 1945; and the usss

Lcz-63,6 Jan-15 Feb 1945.

0

Given Two PUCSTwo Presidential Unit Citations

have been awarded to the uss Pageon,a submarine rescue vessel which wassunk at Corregidor 3 May 1942 by J ap-anese ai r attack.

The Pigeon's firs t commendation wasf o r the courageous'performance of du tyby h er officers and men on 10 Dec 1941

when the vessel, despite severe bombingattacks by Japanese aircr aft and with-out the use of regular steer ing equip-ment, towed to safety the USS Sea-dragon and assisted generally in clear-ing naval vessels and yard cr aft fromthe docks of Cavite Navy Yard, thena I oaring inferno.

Tiie second commendation was forthe excellent fighting ability displayedby the personnel of the uss Pigeon ontwo occasions in December 1941. Inthese actions, the ship shot down sev-eral attacking Japanese aircraft, de-spite the fact tha t its primary missionwas the rescue and salvage of subma-

rines.Capt. Richard E. Hawes, USN, Thom-son, Ga. ( a Lt. Comdr. at the time ofthe action cited), was awarded theNaiy Cross for his services as CO ofth e Pigeon during the Japanese raid onC a i t e 10 Dec 1941.

First award:

~ A B E L ,rent M., Lt. Comdr., USNR,

Cambridge, Mass.: As CO of the ussBuckley in action against a German

submarine on 6 May 1944, he closed toshort range of the wildly maneuveringsubmarine and in the face of torpedoattacks and automatic weapon fire suc-ceeded in silencing th e enemy's firewithin four minutes and in rammingthe U-Boat. The enemy countered wi than attempted boarding while the ves-sels were in contact and then attemptedto ram after the combatants becamedisengaged. Following the defeat ofthese efforts the doomed submarinedisappeared under the surface of thewater and blew up with accompanyingheavy underwater explosion.

* A m , Howard M., Comdr. (then

Lt. Comdr.), USN, Chincoteague, Va.:

As pilot of a torpedo bomber and officerin tactical command in offensive actionagainst an enemy submarine on 15 Junt.1944 he maintained contact on a fullysurfaced enemy submarine despiteantiaircraft gun fire and kept the en-emy occupied until assistance arrived.He then calmly directed the attackwhich resulted in it s destruction. Dur-ing the action Lt. Comdr. Avery madetwo strafing runs with great skill andcourage against the enemy in the faceof heavy AA fire.

*BEACH, Edward L. Jr., Lt. Comdr.,TJSN, Cannel, Calif.: A s executive offi-cer, navigator and assistant approachofficer of the uss Tirante during herfirst war patrol in the Ea st China andYellow Seas from 3 March t o 25 Aar1945, he rendered valiant service to hiscommanding officer in penetratingmined and shoal-obstructed shallow

Brent M. Abel, Howard M. Avery,

Lt. Comdr., USNR Comdr., US N

Edward L. Beach Jr., Harold C. Fitz,

Lt, Comdr., USN Capt., USN

Stuart H. Ingersoll, Jerome J. O'Dowd,

Capt., US N Lt., USNR

Donald A. Reming- Alvin E. Rosenbloom,

ton, Corp., USMC Lt. ( is ) , USNR

Roland N. Smoot,

Commodore, USN Lt. ( is) , USNR

The citations for Lt. O'Dowd and Lt. (is)Rosenbloom appeared in the November

issue, Page 57. Photographs not available

for Lt. Conner and Lt. ( is ) Hopgood.

Thorolf E. Thompson,

d l 4 W N V S



waters in defiance of hostile shore-based rada r stations and aircraft. Byhis excellent judgment and keen under-standing of attack problems, he con-tributed to the sinking of three Japa-nese cargo ships, one large transport,a hostile tanker, three patrol frigatesand one lugger, totaling 28,000 tons ofshipping. His courageous and inspir-ing devotion to duty was a majorfactor in the illustrious combat recordachieved by his ship and in her safere turn to port in spite of severe enemycountermeasures.* CONNER,Leon S., Lt. (jg), USNR,Eufaula, Ala. (missing in action) : Aspilot of a torpedo bombing plane fromthe US S N a t o nm B a y during the Battleoff Samar 25 Oct 1944, he flew throughintense antiaircraf t fire to score a bombhit on a Japanese battleship, a nearmiss on a heavy cruiser,, aided in a di-rect hit on another heavy cruiser, andstraddled a light cruiser with hisbombs.* FITZ, arold C., Capt., USN, SevernaPark, Md.: As CO of the uss S a n t a Fe

Navy Awards DSM

To Army Generals

For their parts in joint Army-Navy operations the Navy has con-ferred its Distinguished ServiceMedal to two Army Generals.

General Omar N. Bradley, USA,Administrator of Veterans Affairs,has been awarded the DistinguishedService Medal by the Navy for hismeritorious service while serving ascommanding general of the TwelfthArmy Group from 15 Dec 1944 t o

15 Apr 1945. A master strategist,General Bradley demonstrated keenforesight and outstanding profes-sional skill in coordinating with theU. S. Navy the planning of theRhine river crbssings of the F irst,Third and Ninth U. S. Armies and,by his intelligent appreciation of theproblems common to joint opera-tions of th e Army and Navy, hissound judgment, unfailing tact andwholehearted cooperation duringthese vital maneuvers, contributedessentially to their ultimate success.

Secretary of the Navy James For-restal has also presented the Dis-tinguished Service Medal to Lt. Gen.

Ira C. Eaker, USA, Deputy Com-mander, Army Ai r Forces and Chiefof the Air Staff, for his exception-ally meritorious service as Com-manding General, MediterraneanAllied Air Forces during the land-ings at Anzio, Italy, on 22 Jan 1944and in southern France on 15 Aug1944. Demonstrating a keen appre-ciation of the requirements for inte r-service cooperation, Lt. Gen. Eakeraided materially in th e planning andexecution of these amphibious op-erations, closely supporting activi-ties of t he Eighth Fleet and provid-ing effective air coverage for the

strongly opposed landings in bothItaly and France. His superb han-dling of air support during the in-vasion of southern France contrib-uted essentially to the Allied Ad-vance and to the ultimate defeat ofAxis fprces on the continent ofEurope.

in action off the southern coast of Hon-shu on 19 Mar 1946, he brought hisdamaged cruiser alongside the ussFrank l in , lying crippled in the wateras the result of enemy action, and heldhis hazardous position t o effect the res-cue of g re at numbers of personnel.Simultaneously engaging his ship infighting fires on board the disabledcraft and heaving in on the towlinefrom another cruiser, he aided theF r a n k l i n to withdraw without furtherdamage and continued his gallant ser-vice until the carrier could effect emer-gency repairs and retu rn to port underhe r own power.*HOPGOOD,obert B., Lt. (jg ) , USNR,Cheshire, Conn. : While senior pilot ofa Navy patrol plane on a regular aircoverage flight over a convoy on 20 Aug1942, he sighted an enemy submarineon the surface. In the face of enemyant iair cra ft fire and undesirable weath-er conditions Lt. (j g) Hopgood depth-charged and strafed the submarine andthen led a destroyer from the convoyto the scene. A s the destroyer was ap-proaching, the enemy abandoned thesinking submarine and a large numberof prisoners were taken.

*INGERSOU, tuart H., Capt., USN,

Alexandria, Va. :For his brilliant lead-ership, superb ship-handling and dar-ing tactics maintained in the face oftremendous opposition while CO of theUSS Monterey during action against en-emy Japanese forces in the Pacific wararea from 29 Aug to 30 Oct 1944.When the M o n t e r e y came under heavyJapanese aerial attack while boldlypenetrating the hazardous waters offFormosa on 13-14 October, Capt. Inger -sol1 fearlessly held his course and, hurl -ing the full fighting strength of hisship again st the formation of a ttackingplanes, despite terrific odds succeededin blasting a number of hostile aircraftfrom the sky with no damage to hisown vessel. During the Battle fo rLeyte Gulf on 25-26 October he inflictedheavy damage and destruction uponcapital ships of the Japanese fleet in abitterly fought, decisive engagement.* REMINGTON,onald A., Corp., uSMC,Bloomingdale, Mich. : For extraordi-nary heroism in action while attachedto a Marine in fan try battalion on IwoJima, 26 Feb to 7 Mar 1945. On 26February, Cow. Remington braved in-

tense mortar and small arms fire withcomplete disregard for his own safetyto bring to cover four wounded Ma-rines. On 27 February, when his pla-toon wa s unable to continue it s advancebecause of several connecting and sup-porting enemy pill boxes, he, single-handed, destroyed four pill boxes, en-abling the flame throwers to completethe annihilation of the enemy. On 7March, Corp. Remington fearlessly ex-posed himself to th e enemy while cov-ering the evacuation of a group ofwounded with his rifle fire.* SMOOT,oland N., Commodore, uSN,

Salt Lake City, Utah : During the Bat-tle for Leyte Gulf, he distinguishedhimself by extraordinary heroism inthe line of hi s profession while com-manding forces in operations againstthe enemy, leading his ships in a dar-ing and successful attack on the enemybattleline on 25 Oct 1944. By his cour-age, skill in combat, and determination,he gave encouragement to his force in

a manner th at caused his action to bevery instrumental in the success of amost difficult operation.* THOMPSON, Thorolf E., Lt. (j g) ,U S N R , Ames, Iowa (missing in action) :As pilot of a fighter plane operatingfrom the uss E s s e x during the Battlefo r Leyte Gulf, 24 Oct 1944, he dove toperilously low altitude in the face ofshattering antiaircraft fire to score adirect hit on a battleship of the Yamato

class. By his superb airmanship, in-domitable fighting spirit and gallantfortitude in the face of extremely ad-verse weather and savage, unceasingopposition, Lt. (j g) Thompson contrib-uted materially to the success of ourforces in this decisive engagement.

Gold star in l ieu of fourth award:~H A LS EY , illiam F. Jr., Admiral,USN, Wilmington, Del.: As Comman-der, Third Fleet, operating in waters

off the Ryukyus and Jap an from 28May to 2 Sept 1945, Admiral Halseyplaced in action the greatest mass ofsea power ever assembled and, withbrilliant military precision and char-acter istic aggressiveness, initiated at-tacks on the enemy’s naval and airforces? shipping, shipyards and coastalobjectives to support Ryukyus opera-tions and to protect sea and air com-munications along the Central Pacificaxis. By 15 August, the naval and airforces under Admiral Halsey’s com-mand had destroyed or damaged near ly3,000 of the enemy’s planes and hadsunk or disabled 1,650 of his comba-

ta n t and merchant vessels from North-ern Hokkaido to Tokyo. Following theform al capitulation of the enemy, Ad-miral Halsey organized and effectedthe naval occupation of the TokyoPlains Area.

Gold star in l ieu of second award:

*LEE, Willis A. Jr., Vice Admiral,USN, Rock Island, Ill. (posthumously) :As ComBatRon2, Pacific Fleet, andCommander of a task force of battle-ships, from July 1944 to 27 May 1945,Vice Admiral Lee directed his taskforce with superb tactical skillthroughout a period of intense car-rier activity, oontributing largely tothe effectiveness of protective screensin the repulsion of incessant enemyair cra ft attacks. Throughout the Bat-tle for Leyte Gulf and the operationsagainst the Japanese-held islands ofPalau, the Philippines, Iwo Jima andOkinawa, he deployed his ships toachieve maximum strength in the de-fense of our carriers and, by accuratebombardment of shore installationsand gun positions, the neutralizationof enemy resistance in preparationsfor our amphibious landings. Vice Ad-miral Lee’s inspiring leadership, en-ergetic zeal, and resolute devotion t o

duty were vital factors in the successof fa st carrier task forces during acritical period in the Pacific war.

*ROYAL, Forrest B., Rear Admiral,USN, Arlington, Va. (posthumously) :As Commander Amphibious Group Six,serving under Commander SeventhAmphibious Force, during ’our am-



cont.

phibious operations against enemyJapanese-held strongholds extendingfrom Luzon through the Central andSouthern Philippines, the Sulu Archi-pelago and Borneo, from l Februaryto 18 June 1945, Rear Admiral Royalrendered valiant service in coordinat-ing the joint activities of Allied navaland military forces and by his thor-ough comprehension of the tasks as-signed him and his brilliant directionof these vital operations, contributedimmeasurably to the success of theamphibious campaign in the South-west Pacific Area. Directly concernedwith the transportation of troops andequipment necessary for the Allied ad-vance toward Manila, he subsequentlyserved as Attack Group Commanderduring the actual invasion, personallyleading amphibious forces which land-ed at Zamboanga, Mindanao, on 10March; at Tarakan, North Borneo on

1 May; and at Brunei Bay, Borneo,on 10 June 1945.

First award:

* BERKEY,Russell S., Rear Admiral,USN, Washington, D. C.: As CTG24and Commander Cruisers, SeventhFleet, from 26 Sept 1944 to 19 July1945, he was charged with planningthe bombardment and fire-cover for anumber of invasions and was directlyresponsible for the excellent supportrendered by cruisers during the am-phibious landings at Leyte, Mindoro,Lingayen, Subic, Bataan-Corregidor,

Zamboanga and Cebu in the Philip-pines and at Tarakan, Brunei Bay andBalikpapan in Borneo. Parti cipa tingin the reopening of Manila Bay, thetask group, under his inspiring leader-ship, neutralized enemy strongpoints,supported landings at Bataan and Cor-regidor and effectively covered ourminesweeping units in tha t area. Hisskill in the coordination of Allied navaland military operations, his soundjudgment in the preparation of plansand his professional ability in the di-rection of the cruisers under his com-mand were major factors in the suc-cess of Southwest Pacific amphibious

campaigns.

* EDWARDS,ichard S., Admiral, USN,Washington, D. C.: By the exercise ofgreat foresight and brilliant militaryjudgment in duties of great responsi-bility as deputy chief of staff to Com-inch from Jan ua ry to September 1942,as chief of staff and aide t o Cominchfrom September 1942 t o October 1944,and as Deputy Cominch and DeputyCNO, from October 1944 to August1945, Admiral Edwards provided wiseand complete counsel on which to baseoperations of the United States Fleet.On problems of gr ea t urgency, delicacyand unprecedented scope, he brought

to bea r unlimited energy, tac t and dis-cretion. The qualities of leadershipwhich Admiral Edwards displayedearned from his subordinates a loyaltyand devotion to duty which were re-flected throughout the enti re naval se r-vice. His outstanding performance ofhis complex and vital duties contribu-

.-

Distinguished Service Medal

ted in large measure to the successfulprosecution of the war.*HORNE,Frederick J., Admiral, USN,Washington, D. C.: Displaying soundjudgment, superb professional abilityand meticulous attention t o detail asVice CNO from 26 Mar 1942 t o 31Aug 1945, Admiral Horne directed theplanning and operation of the logistics,intelligence and communications sys-tems of the Navy. An outstanding ad-ministrator, Admiral Horne, by theexercise of unres tric ted energy, ex-cellent foresight and management,brought about the vastly complex or-ganization that provided the fleets ofthe United States and supported themthroughout the world. Through thequalities of leadership which he dis-played, Admiral Horne inspired in hissubordinates a high degree of loyaltyand devotion to duty. His conspicuousachievements contributed material ly t othe successful prosecution and outcomeof the war.

*JACOBS,andall, Vice Admiral, uSN,

Washington, D. C.: As Chief of Naval

Personnel, from December 1941 t oSeptember 1945, and rezponsible inlarge measure for the policies and re-organizational plans attendant uponthe expansion of the United StatesNavy af te r the beginning of WorldWar 11, Vice Admiral Jacobs admin-istered with brilliant success the pro-curement, training and distribution ofall United States naval personnel.Capable and thorough in handling thi svast man-power problem of the Navy,he applied a high degree of profes-sional skill in formulating plans formanning ships and for a comparablepersonnel expansion in base forces andshore establishments to service and

support the Fleet. Under his experi-enced and foresighted leadership, ap-proximately 3,000,000 men and women,predominantly recruited from civilianlife for war service, were screened f o rtraining and placement in billets se-lected for the most effective applica-tion of specialized skills and talents,their morale sustained by the estab-lishment of welfare activities and re-ligious interests.

*ROBINSON, Samuel M., Admiral,USN, Rockville, Md.: A s chief of theBureau of Engineering and later asthe first chief of BuShips and as Co-ordinator of shipbuilding from Sep-tember 1939, through January 1942;and as Chief of Procurement and M a-terial from February 1942 throughAugust 1945, Admiral Robinson initi-ated with daring imagination andgre at resourcefulness the largest ship-building program the world has everknown at a time when this nation andour Allies urgently needed ships.From February 1942, Admiral Robin-son was called upon to establish anddevelop an organization t o serve asliaison between the Navy and the in-dustrial front. As a member of theProduction Executive committee of theWar Production Board, he also worked

with various o ther Governmental agen-cies, applying his splendid mind anddriving energy to solving the manycomplex problems involved, and wasdirectly instrumental in insuring anuninterrupted flow of materials vitalt o the production of ships, planes andother munitions.

DISTINGUISHED SERVICE

MEDAL RECIPIENTS

Russell S. Berkey, Omar N. .Bradley,Rear Admiral, US N General, ,USA

Ir a C. Eaker, Richard S. Edwards,Lt. General, USA Admiral, USN

Wm. F. Halsey, Jr., Frederick J. Horne,Admiral, US N Admiral, US N

Randall Jacobs, Willi s A. Lee,Vice Admiral, USN Vice Admiral, USN

Samuel M. Robinson, Forrest B. Royal,Admiral, US N Rear Admiral, USN

ALL UANIIS



old star in lieu of fourth award:

SON, Ralph E., Capt., USN,

rexel, Pa.: Assistant chief of staffnd operations officer, Commander

Third Fleet, 28 May to 19 Sept 1945.

folk, Va. : Commandant of Navy Yard, * GALLAGHER, esley J. H., Lt. (jg)New York, 2 June 1943 to 5 Dec 1944. USNR, St. Louis, Mo.: Boat captain of* READ,Albert C., R. Adm., USN, Mi- P T 202, MTB Squadron 15 , off coast ofami, Fla. : Commander, Fleet Air, Nor- Italy , 15-16 July 1944.folk, January 1944 to September 1945. * GOODMAN,laude L. Jr., Lt. Comdr.,*ROPER, John we, CaPt., USN, Wash- USN, Newport News, Va. (missing in

D. c.: co of USS Wisconsin in action) :Assistant approach officer, USS

combat against the enemy, 6 Mar-11 Barbel, 1st W a r patrol.Aug 1945. * GREAVES, illiam B., ACM, USN,LOS

mington, N. C.: Escort division Com- gar deck assistant, Uss saint L ~ ,hil-mander, Southwest Pacific area, 1 Dec ippines area, 25 Oct 1944.1944 to 8 Mar 1945.

* EITZ,George A., Capt. (then Corn- -k GREEN, ure nce B.9 Lt.7 USN, Brook-

HedRonFairWing 15 and aviation base Of two MTBs during attack On four

rocco. Apr 1944.* SHARP, eorge A., Capt., USN, New *HENDERSON,aul M. Jr., Lt., USNR,

London, Conn. : CO of a vessel patrol- Lakeland, Fla. (missing in action) : Pi-ling enemy waters of the Southwest lot of a carrier-based fighter plane,

Bonin Islands, 15 June 1944.acific area.* TAYLOE,Gordon B., Capt., (MC) *HICKS, Rex L., Capt., USN, Strong-USN, Aulander , N. C.: Senior medical hurst, Ill.: CO of uss Louisville whenofficer of the U. S. Naval Group in it was under ai r attack by enemyChina, 2 9 Sept 1943 to 5 June 1945. planes.

Lenoir, N. c.: ComHedRonFairWing cago, 111 :Action on G ~ ~ ~ .

1 5 , 1 5 Jan 1944 to 15 Aug 1944.

ship, CincPac and CincPoa, 1 J U ~ Y 94 3 sel in enemy controlled waters, South-west Pacific area.to 31 Aug 1945. * KNEISEL,Edmund B., Lt., USNR? Ablanta, Ga. (missing in action) : Divingofficer, uss Barbel, first war patrol.

*LAIRD, Richard F., CM2c, USN, Va-s rysburg, N. Y. (posthumously): Look-

Gold star in lieu of third award: out supervisor, uss Princeton, Second*MANSELL, Paul L. Jr., Lt. Comdr., Battle of the Philippine Sea, 24 OctUSNR, Poquonock Bridge, Conn.: As- 1944.sist ant approach officer, submarine wa r * EEDS, John R., Comdr., USN,Abing-patrol. ton, Pa. : Member of staff, Commander,

7th Amphibious Force, invasion ofGold Stat’ in lieu Of second award:

Wakde Island, New Guinea, 17 MayBAKER,Troy L., CMoMM, USN, San 1944.Diego, Calif.: Member of the boarding * LERNER,Harold B., Lt., USNR, Sanparty and auxiliaryman-in-charge, UsS Francisco, Calif. : Boat captain of PTTirante, 2d war patrol, Eas t China and 21 2 MTB Squadron 15 , Gulf of Genoa,Yellow Seas, 20 May to 19 July 1945. Italy, March 1945.

Wynnewood, Pa. : Executive officer, Paso, Tex. (posthumously) : Control

cer, USS Tirante, 2d war patrol, Ea st philippines area.China and

*MACDONALD,Robert s., Lt., USNR,July 1945.* H ~ ~ ~ ~ ,ohn D. J ~ . , t. Comdr., New York, N. Y. (missing in action) :

USN, Trinidad, cola. (missing in ac-Assistant torpedo da ta computer opera-

tion) : Assistant approach officer, USS tor, war patrol*Shark, war patrol.

PLEATMAN,alph F., Lt., USNR, Cin-

cinnati, Ohio: Assistant approach offi-cer, submarine war patrol.~ R E M L E Y ,avid W., CTM, USN, Ba-tavia, Ohio: Chief of the boat, uss TGrante, 1st war patrol, East China andYellow Seas, 3 Mar-25 Apr 1945.

First award:* ANNABLE, eter F., Lt. (jg) , USNR,

New Canaan, Conn.: Hangar deck offi-cer, airc raft carrier, Iwo Jima, 2 1 Feb1945.* YERS, onald G., Lt., USNR, Indian-apolis, Ind.: CO of a subchaser, CentralMediterranean, April 1943 to October1944.

*CARPENTER,Richard J., CTM, USN,Iowa City, Iowa: Action on board ussAbner Read, Leyte Gulf, 1 Nov 1944.* COLE,George H., ACMM, USN, Mer-rimack Park, Va. (posthumously) :At-tached to CompRon 65 , USS St . Lo, Sec-ond Battle of the Philippine Sea, 25Oct 1944.

.

* YSSY, John Comdr., uscG, wil- Angelc==, Calif. (posthumously): Han-

mo.), USN, Washington, D. C.: Corn-

facilities a t Por t Lyautey, French Mo-

lY% N . Ye: OTC of a Patrol consisting

enemy barges, Wewak, New Guinea, 29

* TUTTLE, Magruder He, Comdr., USN, * OHNSON, Edwin C., Sgt., USMC, Chi-

. k K A s K I , Carl R e , Lt*, USN, GrotonLong Point, C0nn.z Attached t o a ves-

WARD, Murrsy, Comdr., USNR,Bev-erly Hills, Calif.: Chief of press censor-

*CAMPBELL, Edward Go, Lt*, USNR,

navigator, and assistant approach offi-

*LYONS, Frank J., Ens., USNR, El

officer of 20-mm. gun, aircraft carrier,

Seas, 2o May to

Chevron (MCB, San Diego)

“Doesn’t it strike you that Mirkleburser has

gone up pretw fast since he was put in the

supply department?”

63

of third award:

MOUL~ON,orace D., Comdr., USNR,

: Air opera-

8 May to 19 Sept 1945.

of second award:

Richard W., ommo., USN,

lameda, Calif.: Chief of staff to theommander of bombardment fire sup-

ture of Leyte Gulf and landings on16-29 Oct 1944, and the

of Lingayen Gulf and the land-6-22 Ja n 1945.

Her bert L., Capt., USN,

San ta Monica. Calif.: Assistant owra -

May to 19 Sept 1945.SALLADA,arold B., R.Adm., USN,

hington, D. C.: CO of a carrierir support group, southern Marianasslands, 14 June to 1 Aug 1944.

Carlos w., Cipt., USN, Saniego, Calif.: CO, uss Essex in action

ins t the enemy’s shore installations,r power and forces afloat.

irst award:

BOUTELLE, ichard R., Comdr., USN,

hester, Pa. (posthumously) : Engi-uss Nashville, during ex-

ive bombardments of enemy is-

15 Sept 1943 to 1 3 Dec 1944.BRIGGS,Cameron, Capt., USN,Wash-

ngton, D.C.: Naval liaison officer with15 Aug 1944 to 23

1945.CLARK,Harry K., Capt., USNR, Wor-

ester, Mass.: OinC and ass% OinC of

1944 to 14 Sept 1945.DICKEY, George D., Capt. (then

Comdr.), USN, Vallejo, Calif.: Supplyand maintenance officer and navigator,staff of Commander 8th AmphibiousForce, Sicily and Salerno, 10 July 1943to 9 Sept 1943.

*DOUW, Volckert P., Comdr., USN,Annapolis, Md. (posthumously) : CO,USS Hazelwood, Battle for Leyte Gulf,

~ D U N N ,ohn E., Lt., USN, Darien,Conn.:While a prisoner of war in Ger-many rendered outstanding service tothe United States and t o our prisonersof war, 14 Apr 1943 to 29 Apr 1945.*.HAGUE, Wesley M., Capt., USN, SanDiego, Calif. : Senior assistant fleetmaintenance officer, CcmServPac.*HARDING, John T., Comdr., USNR,Montclair, N. J. (posthumously) : Na-val Attache and Naval Attache,for Airo Egy pt and to the Greek government-

n-exile, U. s. Liaison Officer to theYugoslav general headquarters, 17 Apr1943 to 1 2 Mar 1945.

B ., Capt., USN, San Ma-r ho , Calif.: Fleet gunnery officer andombat readiness officer to CincPac and

CincPoa, October 1942 to August 1945.* KELLY,Monroe, R.Adm., USN, Nor-

18-29 Oct 1944.



Silver Star Medal cont.*MARCUSE, Theodore c., Lt., USNR,

San Francisco, Calif. : Communica-tions, radar and sonar officer, USS Ti-ran te , 2d war patrol, East China andYellow Seas, 20 May-19 July 1945.*MARTIN, James C., HAlc, USN, Ke-wanee, Ill.: Serving with Marine in-fan tr y battalion, Iwo Jima, 8 Mar 1945.

*MARTINI, inaldo, Sgt., U S M C , Fort

Myers, Fla. : Machine gun section lead-er, Marine infantry battalion, IW OJima , 19 Feb 1945.*MuLLEw, Pau l A., Corp., USMC, Bal-timore, Md. :Served with a Marine bat-talion, Saipan, 16 June 1944.* O'CONNOR, Edward H., Lt. (jg ),USNR, San Francisco , Calif. (posthu-mously) : Served as 40-mm. quadruplegun mount director officer aboard acruiser, Luzon.*OVERPECK, Ra ym wd A., 1st Lt.,USMCR, Chicago, Ill. : Engaged aga instthe enemy, Iwo Jima, 3 Mar 1945.

*PAIGE,Eugene S., PhM3c, USNR,

Maspeth, N. Y. (posthumously) : Ac-tion anainst the enemy, Tinian, 24 Jul y1944.* PEABODY,ndicott 11, Lt., USNR,

Syracuse, N. Y.: Torpedo data com-puter operator, uss Ti ran te , 1st warnatrol. East China and Yellow Seas, 3

-

Mar-25 Apr 1945.* POTTS,William E., PhMlc, USN,

Reedy, W. Va.: Serving with a Marineinf ant ry battalion, Iwo Jima, 27 Feb1945.* R E M O , Clarence J., Lt., USN, som-ersworth, N. H. (posthumously): Nav-ipator aboard a vessel, Second Battle0- - -

of the Philippine Sea. '

*QUESENBERRY,ohn T., PhM3c,USNR, Miles City, Mont. (posthu-

mouslv): Served with the 3d Marine.

Div., &am, 26 Ju ly 1944.* REED,Thomas E., MM2c, USN, Roan-oke. Va. (missing in action) :Attachedto the uss Johnston, Battle off Samar.* AMUELSEN,Laurence A., s l c , USNR,

Menlo Park, Calif. (posthumously) :

Served on board the uss B i r m i n g h a m ,Second Battle of the Philippine Sea, 24-

Oct 1944.* SAVAGE,ack M., CPhM, USNR, Lan-caster, Pa. (posthumously) : Served onboard the uss B i r m i n g h a m , ,SecondBattle of the Philippine Sea, 24 Oct1944.

*SCOBELL,ichard C., Lt. (j g) , USNR,

Rochester, N. Y.: Torpedo bomber pi-lot, TorpBomRon 7, uss Hancock , Bat-tl e for Leyte Gulf, 25 Oct 1944.*SHEA, Thomas D., PhM2c, USNR,

Fitchburg, Mass. : Ambulance driver,4th Marine Div., Saipan, 3 Jul y 1944:* HROM, mos R., PhM2c, uSNR, Mill-way, Pa. (posthumously) : Action with6th Marine Div., Saipan, 15 Ju ne 1944.* SLACK,uane D:, AMM2c, USN, Ta-coma, Wash.: Action aboard the USS

St. Lo, Philippines area , 25 Oct 1944.* MOOT,ilbert J., Corp., USMCR, Bal-timore, Md. :Attached t o a Marine riflecompany, Iwo Jima, 3 Mar 1945.

*STANSBERRY,ilbert J., S ~ C ,SNR,

Grafton, W. Va. (posthumously) :Powderman, uss S a m u e l B. Rober t s ,Second Battle of the Philippine Sea, 25Oct 1944.* STEELE, ynn E., AMM2c, USNR, Ru-pert, Idaho (posthumously) : uss St.L o , Philippines area, 25 Oct 1944.

* TEWART, Frank A., Lt., ( w c ) USNR,Burlingame, Calif. : Served with 1stMarine Div., Cape Gloucester, NewBritain, 14 Ja n 1944.* STONEBURNER, eabury D., Lt.,USNR, Richmond, Va. :P T division lead-er operating with a MTB squadron,Ligurian Sea, August-October 1944.*STOUT, Junius J., CPHoM, USNR,

Hollywood, Calif. (posthumously) :At-tached to the field photographic branch,OSS, invasion of France, June 1944.

*STREETER,Eugene J. Jr., Lt.(jg),

USNR, Fresno, Calif., missing in action:Pilot of a fighter plane, FightRon 14,uss Wasp,Luzon, 18 Oct 1944.*TAPSCOW, Joe F., Sgt., USMC, La-moni, Iowa: Served with a Marine in-fantry battalion, Iwo Jima, 22 Feb1945.* TATRO,Wilfred B. Jr., Lt., USNR,

Wanvick Neck, R. I . : Aided in rescueof a Navy pilot sho t down in an enemyheld bay, Southwest Pacific.

THOMAS, dmond F., CMoMM, uSN,

Ringling, Okla. : Served aboard'the uSS

Ti ran te , 1st war patrol, Ea st Chinaand Yellow Seas, 3 Mar-25 Apr 1945.

*TROWBRIDGE,erbert W., Lt., USNR,

Boston, Mass. (posthumously) : Engi-neering officer, uss S a m u e l B. Rober t s ,Second Battle of the Philippine Sea,25 Oct 1944.*VICKCRS, awrence V., BM2c, USNR,

F o r t Myers, Fla. (posthumously) :

Lookout supervisor, uss Princeton, Sec-ond Battle of t he Philippine Sea, 24Oct 1944.*WALMSLEY,oseph V., PhM3c, uSNR,Holmes, Pa. (posthumously): Servedwith the 4th Marine Div., Saipan andTinian. 15 June-10 July and 24 Ju ly1944.*WHEELER, John T., Lt., USN,Ft. c01-

lins, Colo. (posthumously) :Control of-ficer of a n AA gun, Philippines area.*WHITE, Ralph A., CSF, urn, SanF r a n c i s c 0,Calif. (posthumously) :Served on the uss Princeton, SecondBattle of the Philippine Sea, 24 Oct1944.

News (Medical Center, Bethesda"What're your post-war plans?"

Gold star in lieu of third award:* BACON,Charles E., 2nd Lt., USMCR,Eustis, Fla. : Participating in aerialflights in the Southwest Pacific area.

Gold star in lieu of second award:

*BACON, Charles E., 2nd Lt., USMCR,

Eustis, Fla.: Participating in aerialflights in the Southwest Pacific area.*BROOKS, Thomas P. Jr., Ens,, USNR,

Concord, Mass. (mis sing in action) :Pilot of a torpedo bomber, Air Group13, uss F r a n k l i n , Philippines area, 19Oct 1944.*KALUS,Daniel S., Lt., uSNR, Cudahy,Wis. (missing in action) : Leader of asix-plane dive bomber section, USS

Hancock, Manila Bay, 25 Nov 1944.~ L I N D N E R ,obert H., Lt. Comdr.,USNR, St. Paul, Minn. (missing in ac-tion): Coordinator and leader cf afighter strike, Chichi Jima, 23 Feb1945.

*MELTON, Samuel, ARMlc, USNR,

Union, S. C.: Radioman of a carrier-based torpedo plane, Philippines area,25 Oct 1944.

*NOYES, Roger F., Lt., USNR, St.Louis, Mo. (posthumously) : Leader ofa group of dive bombers, USS Ess ex ,Formosa, 12 Oct 1944.

STEPHENS,ohn W., AOM2c, USN,

Frederick, Md.: Gunner of a carrier-based torpedo plane, Second Battle ofthe Philippines, 26 Oct 1944.

mouth, Ohio (posthumously) : Pilot ofa carrier-based dive bomber, GilbertIslands on 19-22 Nov 1943, Kwajalein

on 4 Dec 1943, Roi-Namur on 2 9~31Ja n 1944 and 1 Feb 1944.

TSARNAS, ohn E., Lt. (jg), US",

Longvale, Calif. (missing in action) :

Pilot and wingman in a carrier-basedbomber section, Squadron 20, CaviteHarbor, Luzon, 1 3 Nov 1944.*WALL, James R., Ens., USNR, St.Louis, Mo.: Twenty combat flight mis-sions, 22 Mar-30 June 1945, SouthwestPacific area.

*TEPAS, Paul E., Lt., USNR, Ports-

First award:*BARTON,Robert S., Lt. (jg), uSNR,

Washington', D. C. (posthumously):Section leader of a group of fighterplanes, uss Hancock, Philippines area,29 Oct 1944.* BERNSTEIN, erdinand F., ARM2c,USNR, Richmond Hill, N. Y.: Radio-ma n of a carrier-based torpedo plane,participated in 20 strikes in Tokyo Bayarea, Vclcano Islands, Nansei Shoto,16 Feb 1945 through 31 May 1945.* BROOKS, obert F., Lt. {jg), USNR,Windsor, Conn. (missing in action) :Section leader in Fighting Squadron13, uss F r a n k l i n , Luzon, 17 Oct 1944.* BROTHERS,ichard, Ens., USNR, LosAngeles, Calif. (missing in action) :Pilot of a torpedo bomber, TorpedoSquadron 84, UES B u n k e r H i ll , Tokyo

area, 16 Feb 1945.*BURNS, Robert 0. r., Ens., USNR,Clinton, N. Y. (missing in action) :

Pilot of a fighter plane in Air Group30, uss Bel l eau Wood , Bonin Islandsand Tokyo area, 15 Feb 1945 to 1 Mar1945.*BUTLER, William B., ARM2c, USNR,



Cincinnati, Ohio (missing in action) :Aircrewman of a torpedo bomber at-tached to Air Group 13, uss Frank l i n ,Philippines area, 15 Oct 1944.* CHANDLER,obert D., ARM2c, US",Hartfo rd, Ala. (missing in action) :Aircrewman of a scout bomber, uSSFrank l i n , Bonin, Marianas, Caroline,Nansei, Formosa and Philippine ls -lands area, from 4 July and culminat-ing in the Battle for Leyte Gulf on 25Oct 1944.

*CLARK, Omer H., Ens., USN,Dallas,Tex.: Pilot of a fighter lane in Fight-ing. Sauadron 46. uss &w.oens. Tokvoarga, i6 Feb 1945.* CONAWAY,irgil C., Lt. (jg) USNR,Virginia, Minn. (posthumously) : Pilotof a bombing plane, Bombing Squadron7, uss Hancock , Battle off Samar, 25Oct 1944.~EISENGREIN,dward H., Lt., USNR,

Utica, N. Y. (missing in action) : Pilotof a dive bamber, Bombing Squadron18, uss In t re p i d , Okinawa, 10 Oct 1944.* FRAZER,obert H., Lt. (jg), uSNR,

Bemidji, Minn. (missing in action) :Pilot of a fighter plane, uss O m m a n e yBaw. Battle off Samar, 25-26 Oct 1944.

H A A S , Fra nk M. J r , Lt. (jg) ,USNR,

Sunbury, Pa. (missing in action) : Pi-lot of a seaplane, uss Ind i ana , air-searescue, Nansei Shoto, 27 Mar 1945.*HAMMOND,Keene G., Lt. Comdr.,USN, Kathwood, S. C. (posthumously) :CO of a carrier-based fighting squad-ron, Philippines area, 11-14 Nov and 25Nov 1944.*HUDSON,Harmon R., Lt. (j g) , USNR,

West Monroe, La. (posthumously) :Pi-lot of a torpedo bomber, Air Group 13,uss Frank l i n , Formosa, 12 Oct 1944.

HUGHES,Edward O., ARM3c, USNR,Bay Shore, N. Y. (missing in action) :Aircrewman of a torpedo bomber, AirGroup 13, uss Frank l i n , Manila Bayarea, 19 & t 1944.* KINSELLA, Richard A., Lt. (jg) ,USNR, San Rafael, Calif. (missing inaction): Pilot of a bombing plane,Bombing Squadron 7, uss Hancock ,Battle off Samar, 25 Oct 1944.* KUMMERLIN,obert J., Ens., USNR,

Cleveland, Ohio (posthumously) : Pilotof a torpedo plane, uss K i t k u n B a y ,Battle for Leyte Gulf, 25 Oct 1944.* LAMBERSON, ill iam L., Lt. Comdr.,USN, Oskaloosa, Iowa (posthumously) :CO of Fighting Squadron 3, USS York-t o w n , Luzon, 14 Nov 1944.

*LEGATOS, abe, Lt. (jg) , USNR, Sac-

ramento, Calif. (missing in action) :

Thr Ilia1 ( W S , Chicago!,

"Guess wh o goes on watch in 15 minutes?

D€C€M%€Ip1945

Pilot of a fighter plane, uss F a n s h a wB a y , Battle for Leyte Gulf, 25 Oct1944.

LINDNER,Robert H., Lt. Comdr.,USNR, St. Paul Minn. (missing in ac-tion): CO of air group attached ussBel leuu Wood , Tokyo area, 16 Feb1945.*MATHER,Bruce S., Lt., USNR, Pasa-dena, Calif. (missing in action) : Pilotof a torpedo bomber, Composite Squad-ron 75, uss O m m a n e y B a y , Battle for

Leyte Gulf, 25 Oct 1944.

*MCGOWAN, Edwin W., Lt, (jg),USNR, Wellesley' Hills, Mass. (missingin action): Pilot of a torpedo plane,uss H o r n e t , Philipphes area, 11 Nov1944.* OSBORNE, Grier P., AMM3c, USN,Peach Bottom, Pa. (missing in action) :

Gunner of a torpedo bomber, Air Group13, uss Frank l i n , Formosa, 12 Oct1944.

PICKENS,eonard, ARM2c, uSNR,Newton Falls, Ohio (missing in ac-tion) : Aircrewman of a scout bomber,uss Frank l i n , Bonin, Marianas, Caro-line, Nansei, Formosa and PhilippineIsland areas from 4 July and culmin-

ating in the Battle for Leyte Gulf, 24Oct 1944.*PLOGER, rancis J., ARM3c, USNR,Grand Rapids, Mich. (missing in ac-tion) : Aircrewman of a torpedo bomb-er , Air Group 13, uss Frank l i n , ManilaBay area, 19 Oct 1944.*PORTER, Arthur, Ens., USNR, St.Paul , Minn. (missing in action) : Pilotof a torpedo bomber? Torpedo Squadron84, uss Bunk e r Hz l l , Tokyo area, 16Feb 1945.~ R A J Z A ,tanley P., ARM3c, USNR,

Wilkes Barre, Pa. (missing in action) :Aircrewman of a torpedo bomber, AirGroup 13, uss Frank l i n , Formosa, 12

oct 1944.RELLIS, Eric F., Lt.(jg) (then

Ens), USNR, Chicago, 111.: Pilot of acarrier-based tornedo nlane. ManilaBay area, 13 Nov-1944. -*REL%A, Charles D. Jr., Ens., USNR,

Fairfield, Conn. (posthumously) : Pilotof a torpedo bomber, Air Group 30, ussBel leau Wood , Nansei Shoto, 1 Mar

*RICHARDSON, ohn P., Ens., uSNR,

Oak Hill, Fla.: Pilot of a bomber, ussS u w a n e e , Battle for Leyte Gulf, 25 Oct1944.*RILEY, Joseph T., Lt., uSNR, Befh'e-hem, Pa. (missing in action) : Division

leader of a group of carrier-basedfighter planes, Battle for Leyte Gulf,25 Oct 1944.* SARGENT,ohn F. Jr., Lt. (jg), USNR,

Boston, Mass. (posthumously) : Pilotof a carrier-based fighter plane, Lin-gayen Gulf, 6 Ja n 1945.*SHANE, Harold J., AOMlc, US",

York, Pa. (missing in action) : Gunnerof a torpedo bomber, Air Group 13,uss Frank l i n , Manila Bay area, 15 Oct1944.* SHAW, obert C., Lt., USN, Ashland,Kans. (posthumously) : Pilot of acarrier-based dive bomber, BombingSquadron 6, Gilbert and Marshall Is-

lands and Truk, 19 Nov 1943 to 16 Feb1944.SHEA, Joseph D., Lt .( jg ), USNR,

Waterbury, Conn. (posthumosuly) :Patrol plane commander of a NavyLiberator, Patrol Bombing Squadron104, search patrol, Brunei Bay areanorthwest Borneo, 1 2 Dec 1944.

1945:

*SHETLER, Carl E., ARM3c, USNR,

Wayland, N. Y. (posthumously): Air-crewman of a dive bomber, uss E s s e x ,Second Battle of the Philippine Sea, 24Oct 1944.* SIRES,Howard E., Lt., USNR, Span-gle, Wash. (missing in action) : CO ofa Navy Liberator, Patrol BombingSquadron 111, reconnaissance patrol,Nansei Shoto, 5 Feb 1945.* LOAN, Julius L. Jr., Lt., USNR, Mon-ument, N. M. (missing in action) : Pi-

lot of a fighter plane, Fighting Squad-ron 37, US S S a n g a m o n , Battle for LeyteGulf, 25 Oct 1944.* SMITH, Marvin T., Lt. Comdr, USNR,

Moultrie, Ga. (posthumosuly) : CO ofPatrol Bombing Squadron 101, Borneoand Mindanao, 21 Aug to 24 Dec 1944.* SNEAD, harles S., Lt. (jg) , USNR,Bessemer, Ala. (miss ing in action) :Pilot of a bombing plane, BombingSquadron 7, uss Hancock , Philippinesarea, 26 Oct 1944.*STEIN, Allan E., Lt., USNR, Detroit,Mich. : Photographer in a carrier-basedplane, Iwo Jima, Kyushy, Kikai andOkinawa, 20 Feb to 27 Apr 1945.

*SULLIVAN,erald M. Jr., Lt., USNR,Newtonville, Mass. (missing in ac-

tion) : Section leader of a division offour fighter planes, uss Hancock , Bat-tle for Leyte Gulf, 26 Oct 1944.*TRACY, George J. Jr., Ens., USNR,Lowell, Mass. (missing in action) : Pi-lot of a fighter plane, Air Group 30,USS Be l l e au W ood , Bonin Islands andTokyo areas, 15 Feb to 1 Mar 1945.*TSARNAS, John E., Lt.(jg), uSNR,Longvale, Calif. (missing in action) :Pilot and wingman in a carrier-basedbomber section of Squadron 20, OrmocBay, Leyte, 11 Nov 1944.

TURNER,William H. Jr., Ens., USNR,

Wilson, N. C. (posthumously):

Pilotin fighting squadron of uss Cabot.Formosa, 16 Oct 1944.*WEBB, Eugene N., Lt. Comdr., uSN,

Windsor, Mo. (posthumously) : CO ofcarrier-based composite squadron, Phil -ippines area, 1 Jan t o 15 Ja n 1945.*WHITTINGHILL,ames D., AMMlc,USN, Ashland, Ore. (missing in ac-tion): Gunner of a torpedo bomber,Air Group 13, uss Frank l i n , ManilaBay area, 19 Oct 1944.* WILCOX,Russell S., t., USNR, Sko-kie, Ill. (posthumously) : Pilot of a divebomber and section leader of carrier-based Bombing Squadron 20, Okinawaand Formosa, 10 Oct and 12 Oct 1944.*WILSON, Thomas F., Lt., USNR, Tra-verse City, Mich. (missing in action) :Pilot of a fighter plane and divisionleader in Composite Squadron 75, USS

O m m a n e y B a y , Battle for Leyte Gulf,

*WOODARD,eece J., 1st Lt., USMCR,Hillsdale, Mich.: Aerial flight in theSouthwest Pacific, completing his 20thmission.

25-26 Oct 1944.

*DANDY, Wilbur D., AMM2c, USNR,

Sioux Rapids, Iowa (posthumously) :Plane crash, Oahu, T. H., 19 Dec 1944.* DELANEY,Maurice, BM2c, USN, LO-gansport, Ind. (posthumously) : Res-cue, 1 Dec 1944.*EWALD, Erwin M., s&I3c, USNR,

Flushing, N. Y. (posthumously) : Res-cue, Philippines area, 4 J an 1945.

cue, 1 Dec 1944.*EWALD, Erwin M., SM3c, USNR,

Flushing. N. Y. (Dosthumously) : Res-cue, Phaippines $;ea, 4 Ja n 1945.

65



Navy, Marine Corps Medal cont.

~ K R U S E , onald D., RTlc, USNR,

Camas, Wash. (posthumously) : USSLST 187,Peleliu, 20 Sept 1944.* MADJESKI,Henry R., AMM3c, US?,

Elizabeth, N. J. : Rescue, Hyannls,Mass., 1 une 1945.* NALL, Lewis c. Jr., S ~ C ,SNR, Pen-sacola, Fla. :Rescue, Palm Beach, Fla.,20 Jan 1945.

* NATTER,Charles W., SM3c, USNR,Atlantic City, N. J. (missing in ac-tion): uss Samuel B. Roberts, Battleoff Samar, 25 Oct 1944.

*ORR, Robert N., SFlc, USNR, LongBeach, Calif. (posthumously) : At-tached to an aircraft carrier, vicinityof Samar.

OSBORNE, erry G., WTlc, USN,

Brunswick, Tenn. (posthumously) :uss Samuel B. Roberts, Battle off Sa-mar, 25 Oct 1944.~ P E T R I L L Q ,homas J., GM3c, USNR,

Methuen, Mass. (posthumously) : uSS

St . Lo, Philippine Islands, 25 Oct 1944.

*PILKINGTON,ardy L., PhMlc,

U SN R , Manchester, Ga. (posthumous-ly) : uss Rich, Normandy invasion, 8Jun e 1944.* PORTIS,onald E., S ~ C ,SNR, MasonCity. Iowa: uss Eversole, 29 Oct 1944.j PRICE. obert H., Lt. Comdr., USN,

Shelbyville. Ill. (posthumously) : Act-ing air officer of an air craf t carrier,Philippine Sea, 18 Dec 1944.* ROZZELLE,ohn T., Slc, USNR, Troy,Ala. (missing in action) : uss SamuelB. Roberts, Battle off Samar, 25 Oct1944.*STEVENS, William C., RM2c. USNR,

Roff. Okla.: uss St. Lo, Philippine Is-

lands, 25 Oct 1944.~V A U G H A N ,ouis D., ARM3c, USN,

Sheridan. Tex. (posthumously) : Res-cue. Pacific war area. 26 Oct 1944.*VIDRINE, Gil J. Jr., GM3c. USNR,Owlousa, La.: Rescue, 1 Dec 1944.j WEAVER.Herbert M., WTlc, USN,

Escalon, Calif. (posthumously) : ussParrott, collision off the coast of Vir-ginia. 2 May 1944.*YOUNG. Charles A., SoM3c, USNR,Steubenville, Ohio: uss Reid, S.W. Pa-cific area, ll Dec 1944.~ Z E T T E R H O L M ,Karl E., Lt., (ChC),USNR, Erie, Pa. : Rescue, Jacksonville,Fla., 4 Feb 1944.

Gold star in lieu of second award:*AHLERS,Henry J., PhM3c, USN, Bal-timore, Md. (posthumously) :Attachedto the 10th Marines, 2nd Marine Divi-sion, Saipan, 20-21 Ju ne 1944.* BAUGHAN,obert L., Lt., USN, Hunt-ington, W. Va. :Navigator of a n Atlan-tic Fleet destroyer, amphibious inva-sion of southern France, August 1944.*HARTMAN, Pau l E., Comdr., USN,

Brookline, Mass. : CIC air operationsofficer and acting air officer on a car-

rier, Central and Western Pacific areas,1 Nov 1944 to 11 Apr 1945.*JONES,onald R., Lt. (j g) , USN, Mt.Morris, Ill.: Fi rs t lieutenant and dam-age control officer, uss Tirante, secondwar patrol, East China and YellowSeas, 20 May 1945 to 19 Ju ly 1945.

66

*LEWIS, John R., Sgt., USMC, Cleve-land, Ohio: Platoon guide of an assaultrifle company, Iwo Jima, 11 Mar 1945.~ S S P E N C E ,oward W., GMlc, USN,

Lansford, Pa.: Gunner’s mate-in-charge, uss Tirante, first war patrol,East China and Yellow Seas, 3 Mar1945 to 25 A pr 1945.

First award:* A K ~ s , Jasper D., Lt., USN, Rock-land, Maine: Electrical officer attachedto a cruiser during an enemy air en-

gagement in the Southwest Pacific.*ALLSToT, Max V., Slc, U S N R , Deni-son, Iowa (posthumously) :Member ofa gun crew aboard a cruiser, Luzon, 5-6Ja n 1945.~ B A I N E S ,ack B., Lt. Comdr., uSNR,

Oakland, Calif.: Attached to the 81stCB during assault on France, 6 June1944..* BALICE,Carmine A., 1s t Lt., USMCR,Ionia, Mich.: Leader of a 37-mm. gunplatoon, Iwo Jima, 19 Feb 1945.

BARROWS, Wilbur R., Lt., USNR,

Santa Fe, N. M.: OinC, 81st CC dur-ing assau lt on France, 6 June 1944.*BERGEN, Richard H., EMlc, uSNR,

Farmington, Conn.:

Controlman aboarda vessel on war patrol, Southwest Pa-cific area.

BETTS,Cecil E., Lt. (jg) , USN, Phce-nix, Ariz.: Battery officer, uss St. Lo,Battle off Samar, 25 Oct 1944.*BITTICK, William C. Jr., Sgt. Maj.,USMC. Yoakum. Tex. : Action against,the enemy, Saipan, 16 June 1944‘:~BLAYLOCK, James I., s l c , USNR,

Pikesville, T e n n . (posthumously):Member of a gun crev aboard acruiser, Luzon, 5-6 Jan 1945.*BoEmL, Robert T., Lt., USNR, Kau-kauna, Wis.: Boat captain of P T 214,MTB Squadron 15, action again st Ger-man convoy north of Elba, Italy, 27-28

Mar 1944.

* BOHM,Charles H., BMic, USCG, Al-exandria, Va.: Coxswain of a controlboat during amphibious assault, Lin-gayen Gulf.*BOLTON, James A. Jr., Corp. USMC,Fulton, Mo.: Iwo Jima , March 1945.~ B U R L E Y ,lbert C., Lt., USN, Nor-wich, Conn.: Submarine wa r patrol.

BURTON,Willis H., 2nd Lt., USMC,Detroit, Mich.: Commander of rifleplatoon, Iwo Jima, 27 Feb 1945.* BUTLER,William M., Lt. Comdr.,USN, Oakland, Calif.: Torpedo dat acomputer operator, uss Barbel, firstwar patrol.

*CALHOUN, Charles

D.,Lt. (jg) ,

USNR, Gentry, Ark.: Executive officerand CO of PT 208, MTB Squadron 15,European waters, January-September1944.*CALHOUN, Thomas J., Lt. Comdr.,USNR, Houston, Tex. (posthumously) :

Communication officer, staff of ComBatDiv 2, Second Battle of the PhilippineSea, 18-25 Oct 1944.*CAMPBELL, Edward G., Lt., USNR,Wynnewood, Pa.: Diving and engi-neering officer, uss Tirante, first warpatrol, East China and Yellow Seas,3 Mar 1945 to 25 A m 1945.*CHIN, Shoon, S ~ C ,SNR, Detroit,Mich. (posthumously): Member of a

gun crew aboard a cruiser, Luzon, 5-6Jan 1945.*CLIFFORD, Eugene s. A,, Lt., USNR,San Francisco, Calif.: Leader of a di-vision of three PT boats, MTB Squad-ron 15, off coast of Italy, 18-19 May1944.

* CURRAN, harles T., Lt. (j g) , USNB,Gary, Ind.: Attached to 81st CB dur-ing assault on France, 6 Jun e 1944.*DAVIS, Gerald O., FClc, USN, LongBeach, Calif.: Ster n planesman andfire controlman aboard a submarineduring war patrol.* DIGARDI, dward M., Lt. (j g) ,USNR,

Martinez, Calif. : OOD, uss Johnston,during Battle off Samar, 24 Oct 1944.* DICKEY,George D., Capt., USN, Val-lejo, Calif.: Logistics officer, staff of

Commander, 11th Amphibious. Force,prior t o and during assault on coastof France, 6 Ju ne 1944,*DUNFEE, Charles F., Corp., USMC,Bellaire, Ohio: Squad leader in a Ma-rine rifle company, Iwo Jima, 24 Feb1945.*EDWARDS, Edwin R. Jr., Lt., USNR,Rockland, Maine: CO of uss AP c 4 ,operating in escort for an LCT(5)convoy, New Britain, 1 5 Dec 1943.*EDWARDS, Robert M., Slc, USNR,

West Terre Haute, Ind. (posthu-mously): Member of a gun crewaboard a cruiser, Luzon, 5-6 Jan 1945.*FISH, John W., Lt. Comdr., (MC)USNR, Louisville, Ky. (posthumously) :

Flight surgeon, Air Group 18, uss In -trepid, Philippines area, 10 Oct to 6Nov 1944.*FORTIER,Gerald A., CBM, USCG,New Orleans, La.: Prevented a drift-ing army barge from beaching on anenemy position off Wewak, NewGuinea. 12 Mar 1945.*FORTUNE,orter L. Jr., Lt., USNR,

Old Fort, N. C.: CO of USS APc 2, OP-erating in escort for an LCT(5) con-voy, New Britain, 21 Dec 1943.*FOX, Louis W., Lt., USN, Norfolk,Va. (posthumously): Attached ussSt . Lo, Battle for Leyte Gulf, 25 Oct1944.*FRANK,

Herman E., CTM, USNR,Goliad, Tex. : Torpedoman’s mate-in-charge, uss Tirante, first Gar patrol,East China and Yellow Seas, 3 Mar-25 Apr 1945.*FRUSHOUR,oseph F., s2c, USNR,Denver, Colo. (posthumously) : Mem-ber of a gun crew aboard a cruiser,Luzon, 5-6 Jan 1945.* GABRIELLI,Elmo, S~ C ,SNR, Reno,Nev. (posthumously): Member of agun crew aboard a cruiser, Luzon, 5-6Ja n 1945.* GALL,Andrew Jr., SIC, USNR, Joliet,Ill. (posthumously) : Member of a gun

Hoist (NTC, San Dieoo)

“Haven’t you an d your kid got anythingbetter to do than stand around looking in

people’s windows?”

ALb_HANOS



Eight Ball (NavHosp, Pearl Harbo

"Pay h im no mind, Mamie . . . Gobs are

all alike!"

crew aboard a cruiser, Luzon, 5-6 Ja n1945.* GIBB, Arthur , Lt. Comdr., USNR,

Rumson, N. J.: Air operations officer,uss Lexington, 23 Ju ly 1944 to 15 May1945.*GOODMAN, laude L. Jr., Lt. Comdr.,USN, Newport News, Va. (missing inaction) : Assistant approach officer,

uss Barbel, on wa r patrol.*GRACE, Garland D., CPhM, USN,

Fristoe, Mo. : Treating injured aboard'uss LST 472 while under enemy fire,15 Dec 1944.* GREEN,Robert R., S ~ C ,SNR, Fame,Okla. (posthumously): Member of agun crew aboard a cruiser, Luzon, 5-6Jan 1945.*GRIFFIN. Jimmy c., slc. USNR, LosAngeles, Calif.: Member of the . for-ward repair party, uss Abner Read,Leyte Gulf, 1 Nov 1944.* GRZYB, ay, S ~ C ,SNR, Chicago, 111.(posthumously) : Member of a guncrew aboard an aircraft carrier, Phil-

ippines area.

* GULLICKSON, oward M., Lt., USNR,

Billings, Mont. : Intelligence officer,staff of Commander, AmphibiousGroup 9, 22 Sept 1944 to 1 July 1945.*HOWELL, Arthur G., CRT, USNR,East Moriches, N. Y .: Rescue of sur-vivors of a U. S. ship after it wa ssunk, Southwest Pacific area.*JOHNSON, aymond A., GM3c,USNR, Kane, Pa. (posthumously) :Antiaircraft gunner aboard an air-cra ft carrier, Philippines area.*KELLERMAN, Ross R., Capt., USN,Seattle, Wash. : Aerological officer,Aircraft Seventh Fleet, in charge of

the Navy Weather Central, Manila.* B U Y , Thomas A., Lt., USNR,

Brooklyn, N. Y.: Communication offi-cer, uss St. Lo, Battle for Leyte Gulf,25 Oct 1944.*KIRSTEIN,Alvin E., Lt., USNR, Ashe-ville, N. C. (missing in action) : Divling officer, uss Shark, war patrol, Pa-cific area.* KRAEMER,Clarence, Corp., USMC,Paris, Ill. : Regimental scout attachedto assault battalion, Iwo Jima, 19 Feb1945.*LANGLEY,J. T., 1st Sgt., USMC, Co-lumbia, La.: Served with Marine

assault battalion, Saipan, 15 June-4July 1944.* LEWIS, Edward E., CM, uSCG, Clare-mont, N. H.: Prevented a driftingarmy barge from beaching on an en-emy position off Wewak, New Guinea,12 Mar 1945.*LIDDELL, James W. Jr., Lt., USNR,

Jolie t, Ill.: Saved lives of survivors ofa stricken U. S. ship, Southwest Pa-cific area.* UBKER,Robert H., Lt. (jg) , USNR,

Providence, R. I.: Attached t o the 8lstCB, assault on France, 6 June 1944.*LYON, Judson s., Lt.(jg), USNR,

Orange, N. J. : Boat captain of P T 207,MTB Sauadron 15. off coast of Elba.Italy, 1f-18 June 1944.* MACKAY, ndrew G Lt.(jg), USN,

Waltham Mass.: Junyor OOD. USS

Guawina, war patrol.* MACON,Shirley R., CGM, USN, Bir-mingham, Ala. (posthumously) : Incommand of all ordnance casualties,uss Sanzuel B. Roberts, Second Battleof the Philippine Sea, 25 Oct 1944.*MARSHALL, John R., BMlc, USN,

Mexico. Mo.: Assistant in charge of abattery, uss St . Lo, Philippines area,

25 Oct 1944.*MAY, Clarence A., CMoMM,. USN,Delight, Ark. : Aboard uss Tarante,second war patrol, East China andYellow Seas, 20 May-19 July 1945.*MCGOWAN,William H., Lt., USCGR,San Francisco, Calif. : Executive offi-cer and later CO of uss LST 66, am-phibious operations at Cape Gloucester,17 Jan 1944; invasion of Leyte, 20Oct 1944.*MELINCAVAGE, Raymond J., S ~ C ,USNR, Heckscherville, Pa. (posthu-mousIy): Member of a gun crewaboard a cruiser, Luzon, 5-6 Jan 1945.

*MESSER, Freddie C., Slc, USNR, Mt.

Pleasant, Iowa (posthumously) :Mem-ber of a pun crew aboard a cruiser.Luzon, 5 - 6 ~ a n945.*MEYER,Otto C. Jr., Lt., USNR, Erie,Pa.: CO of an LCT(5). New Britainarea, 26 Dec 1943.*MONSKY, tanley J., Lt. (jg) , USNR,

Elizabeth, N. J.: Combat officer in theCIC and OOD, uss Frost in five suc-cessful submarine attacks.~ N E W B E R N ,en ry C., GM3c, USNR,Cocoa, Fla. (posthumously) :Attachedarmed guard crew, ss Marcus Daly,Philippines area, 24-30 Oct 1944; Min-danao, 5 Dec 1944.*NEWTON, Lester F., Flc, USN, Los

Angeles Calif. (posthumously) :Servedaboard uss Princeton, Second Battleof the Philippine Sea, 24 Oct 1944.* O'LEARY, ames J., AMM3c, USNR,

Worcester, M a s s. (posthumously) :Served aboard uss P&nceton, SecondBattle of the Philippine Sea, 24 Oct1944.*O'NEIL, Charles H., Comdr., USNR,

Fal l River, Mass.: Harbor defense andsmall craf t officer,, staff of ComServ-RonSoPac, March 1943 to 4 June 1945*PAGE,Nelson K., F2c, USNR, Ama-rillo. Tex. (Dosthumouslv) : Attacheduss 'Princetb;z, Second Battle of the

Forces on Guam. Philippine Sea, 24 Oct 1944.

*ED FOE^, William E., Ens., USN,

*PERKOSKI,tanky M., SCZc, USNR,Qakland, Calif. : Assistant torpedo of- North Attleboro, Mass.: Ammunition

ficer, uss Tirante, first war patrol, handler, uss St . Lo, Philippines area,East China and Yellow Seas, 3 Mar- 25 Oct 1944.25 Apr 1946. * PINKLEY,larence L., Ens., USNR,* LEHMAN, Stephen M., Lt. (j g) , Renton, Wash. (posthumously) : Ex-(DC) USNR, S. Pasadena, Calif. (pos- excutive officer of P T 210, MTB Ronthumously) : Assistant surgeon of an 15, Genoa Gulf, Ita ly, 19-20 Ju ly 1944.

* P U T T , James w., s t Lt., USMCR,Council Bluffs, Iowa: Leader of an as-sault battalion, Iwo Jima, 9 Ma r 1945.j , PRITCHETT,esse, Ens. (then CGM),USNR, Spr ing Place, Ga.: Gunner'smate-in-charge, submarine, war patrol.* PROUGH,ichard G., Lt. (j g) , USNR,Iiirkwood, Mo.: Photographic inter-pretat ion officer, staff of an amphibi-ous task force, South Pacific area, 28Aug 1943 to 12 Ja n 1945.*QUIGLEY, Norman E., Slc, USNR,

Clinton, Mich.: Gunner of armedguard crew, ss Marcus Daly, Philip-pines area, 24 Oct to 30 Oct 1944;Mindanao, 5 Dec 1944; Leyte, 10 Dec1944.* RENO,Robert Jr., MM2c, USNR, Ro-chester, Pa.: Attached to air craf t car-rier, Philippines area, 24 Oct 1944.*REQUARDT,Clarence H., Slc, USNR,

Houston, Tex.: Attached armed guardcrew, ss Marcus Daly, Philippinesarea, 24-30 Oct 1944; Mindanao, 5 Dec1944; Leyte, 10 Dec 1944.* R:CHARDSON,Homer M., Corp.,USMC, East Cleveland, Ohio: Messen-ger in an assault rifle platoon, IwoJima, 19 Feb 1945.

RICHARDSON, alter V., CMoMM,USN, Brentwood, Calif.: Attached toaircraft carrier, Philippines area, 24Oct 1944.~ R I C H E Y ,aymond E., Lt.(jg), USN,

Compton, Calif.: Assistant torpedodata computer operator and batteryofficer, uss Tirante, second war patrol,East China and Yellow Seas, 20 Mayto 19 July 1945.* ROACH,Leonard H., Lt.(jg), (MC)USNR, Cincinnati, Ohio: Assistant bat-talion surgeon, Marianas Islands, 15June-10 July 1944 and 24 July-1 Aug1944.* ROBERTSHAW,acob D., Lt., USCGR,

Belfast, Maine: Aboard uss LST 170and CO of uss LST 206, amphibiousoperations, May 1944 to Oct 1944.* ROBINSON, ryon, SIC, USNR, Mod-ton, Tex. :Attached armed guard crew,ss Marcus Daly, Philippines area, 24-30 Oct 1944; Mindanao, 5 Dec 1944;Leyte, 10 Dec 1944.*RUSSELL, John M., Pfc, USMCR,Rangeley, Maine : Demolitions man,Iwo Jima, 11 Mar 1945.*RUTKOSKY,Anthony L., SIC, USNR,Braddock, Pa.: Gun captain of armedguard crew, ss Marcus Dalu, Philip-pines area, 24-30 Oct 1944; Mindanao,5 Dec 1944; Leyte, 10 Dec 1944.

Hospital Hi-Lites (Aiea, O a h u m"Offhand, Admiral Maguchi, I'd say they

were enemy planes."

67D€C€M8€P 194s



HERE IS MORE t o America thanT an be seen from a spot in TimesSquare, a crowded train o r even thequiet of the homeplace. This greatland is fu ll of infinite resources-peo-

ple as well as the land-which lite rarye icplorers have discovered and reportedin several books available in ships’libraries.

Men of the Navy, now turninghomeward a fte r seeing so much of theworld in recent years, will find theseand other books handy guide books inthe rediscovery of America. and aidsto keener appreciation of even thecommonplace in the native land.

Character Study

Oddly enough, one of the morecomprehensive books describing the

United States has come from the penof an English professor who knowsAmerica and Americans well enoughto pay us the compliment of imitatingour language. “The American Charac-ter” by D. W. Brogan, distributedsome months ago to Navy libraries, isa brilliant impressionistic s k e t c h ,touching briefly on a multitude oftopics and advancing novel theoriesabout the American people and theirway of life.

A more critical but highly revealingpicture of America emerges from thepages of “One Nation,” a carefullyprepared study of eight minoritygroups who figure importantly inAmerican life. Primarily a picturebook containing hundreds of picturesespecially made by cameramen on thestaff of L ook , it is given continuity byWallace Stegner’s running commen-tary. What might so easily be onlyan angry book, is instead a bookwhich helps to create understandingby taking the reader inside the homes,the working places and the worshipcenters of these racial and religiousgroups and explaining those strange-nesses which ignorance often makesappear sinister. The editors do notpull their punches, however, and “OneNation” presents a case study, fully

documented in text and picture, of in-tolerance in the United States as wellas the cultural and economic contribu-tions which minority groups havemade and can continue to add to lifein America.

Stories of Rivers

A different approach to the landmay be found in those books aboutpar ticu lar r e g i o n s of the UnitedStates. An example is the famousRivers of Amel-ica series which hasnow grown to 28 volumes with a studyof the Shenandoah, flowing throughVirginia and West Virginia. Amer-ican history gains fresh vitality andnew interest in the Rivers of Americaseries, not only because in earlier daysriver transportation shaped history,but because the writers have passedover artificial border lines and writ-

68

ten in terms of whole regions. Fu r-thermore, the 28 writers of the seriesare not mere academic historians andhave been free to treat each river inan y form deemed fitting. Ju lia Davis’“The Shenandoah” is

aworthy addi-

tion to the flow of history as reflectedin this series.

The story of another river valleyshows history in the making. R. L.Duffus has titled his “portrait” of theTennessee Valley Authority “The Val-ley and Its People,” and the promiseof the title is fulfilled. Not only arethe tremendous industrial and engin-eering accomplishments, the dams andthe dynamos, recorded in brilliantword and picture, but the long-settledpeople of the valley and the changeswrought in their lives by modern in-dustry are sympathetically presented.

The Frontier lifeAnother side of America may be

seen in the autobiographies of menwho grew up in the frontier territor-ies and saw their communities risefrom rough, crossroads settlements tomodern towns. During 1945 thr eebooks of this type have appearedwhich a re decidedly worth seeking out.One of these, Harvey Fergusson’s“Home in the West,” is full of thepolitics of pre-statehood New Mexicoand the lore of the Santa Fe trail.Another is by Marquis James, authorof the popular biographies of SamHouston and Andrew Jackson, who in“The Cherokee Strip-A Tale of anOklahoma Boyhood” gives an intimatepicture of the town of Enid 50 yearsago as recorded by the discerning eyeof a small town newspaperman. Thethird book, Edward T. Wallace’s “Bar-ington,” presents the life of a townas reflected in the talk and personal-ities encountered in a typical hard-

ware store of early day Arkansas,interspersed with lots of comedy andsome sentiment. Those who have been

’

try Lawyer” and similar reminiscentbooks will like this one. I

ITal l Tales of the Country I

America is to be found not only informal history but also in the taleswhich have passed by word of mouth

down through the years. A choicepercentage of this lore has been col-lected in a 1.0OO-Dasre volume which

compiler has thrown over dictionarydefinitions of folklore and instead de- I

expantled definition, he has been freeto include as folk pieces not only theboasts, songs and yells of the cowboys,but also samples of the enthusias ticexaggerations of Chambers of Com-merce and flamboyant extracts from .

Bic Foot Wallace and Casev Jones.

age of entertainment to boot.

Not far removed from folklore arethe stories and reminiscences of thenarrow-gauge railroads which Archie

.n - -day.” He glorifies thel ocal route and

and Tw&ts&-e.anAtmalachian railroad

jokes, hotels and eating places enroute are recollected in loving andamusing. detail. Robertson has ridden

tuniel branch of the Denver and SaltLake.

Fun ( ? I on a Farm

The America that exists in its vil-lages and farms is represented in

“The Egg and I,” Betty McDonald’sbest-selling account of her experrenceson a small chicken farm in the farNorthwest t o which she went as abride at18. Though hers had been awandering and unsheltered life as thedaughter of a minine: engineer, Bettv

mountains and with a husband whoenjoyed hard work, hens and Indianneighbors. Bu t then, as Betty says,he wasn’t pregnant. Eventually Bettysolved her moblems through trial anderror, and the mail order catalogue.

\ ~ ~ s ~ / f l - - - ~ f ~ - (ooking back from the present, she

Jfq&4T$From “Slow Train to Yesterday.”

canninff with the pressure cooker 3

which finally and blessedly blew up,were amusing adventures which shecan now repeat fo r the delight of h erreaders.

e:.\eL. .



Cargo VesselsAludrn ........................ Sub, S of Solomons 2 3 Ji m '4 3Urimos ........................ Sub, S of Solomon;, 2 3 J im '4 3I'ollos ...........Grounding, off Newfoundland, 18 Aeb '42Serpeiis................Esplosion, a t Guadalcanal, 2 9 J a n '4 5

Miscellaneous Auxiliaries

YMS BO ................... Mine . Macassar St ra i t 1 8 Jnn '4 5YMS 70.................. eather. n Leyte Gulf; 17 Oc t '4 4YMS 7 1 ....................... Mine, South of Sulu, 3 Ap r '45YMS 84............Mine, olf Balikapas. Borneo, 9 Jul '45YM S 103 ................... Mine. off Okinawa. R.. 8 A pr '45YMS 137 ....... rounding . near Seat t le. Wash.. Ma p '4 4YJIS 15 3............ eather. off Oregon coast. 2 0 F i b '4 3YM S 3 0 1 ................... Mine. off N . France. 30 J u l '44YM S 3 5 0 ....................... Mine. off Cherbonrg. 2 Ju l '44YM S 36 5..................Mine, Macassar Strait. 26 J u n '4 5YBlS 3 i X ............... Mine . off Cherboure Pen. Fr.. 1944~ ~ ~ ~~

YMS 38: .............................. Mine. off %lithi, 1 Oc t '4 4YMS 40Y ........Weather, off Atlantic coast. 14 Se p '44YBlS 4 8 1 ....................... Gunfire, olt' Borneo. 2 Ma y '4 5YO 4 1 ......................... Occupation of PniLppines. 1942Y O 42 .......................... Occuuation of P h i l a p i n e s. 1942. .Y O 64 ........................ Occupation of Philippines Jan '42Y O 15 6................Grounding, a t Sitka, Alaska, 'May 345TO 1 5 i ........................... Grounding, a t Sitka May '4 5YO l 5 g ................... Su b. off New Hebrides, i 4 J a n '44YPD 22 ........................ Occupation of Philippines, 1942YPK 6 ......................... Occupation of Philippines 1942YP K 7.......................... Occupation of Philippines: 1942YR 4 3................Grounding, Gulf of Alaska . 28 M ar '4 5YR CYSPYS PYSPYS PYsrYsr . ~~

Y SP 47 ........................ OccupationYSP 48 ........................ OccupationYS P 49 ........................ OccupationYSP 50........................ OccupationYS R 2 .......................... Occupation

ofofofofofofofofofofofO f

Philippines.Philippines.Philippines.Philippines.Philiuoines:Philippines;Philippines.Philippines.Philippines.Philippines.PhilipyinesPhilionines:

194219421942194219421942194219421 9 4 2194219421942

4.......................... Occupation4 1 ....................... Occupation42 ........................ Occupation4 3........................ Occupation4 4........................ Occupation45 ........................ Occupation4 6 ........................ Occrination

Banaag.......................... Occupation of Philippines; 1 9 4 2Iona.............................. Occupation of Philippines. 1942Mercedes

........................Occupation of Philippines, 1942

Ailiint!ius ................Grounding. in Aleutians. 2 6 ' 4e b.4sphalt ........................ Grounding, a t Saipan, 6 ' 4ctCanopus ........................ Scuttled, a t n a t a a n , 1 0 ' 4prCythera.................... Overdue, off Atlantic coast, May '4

Extractor............................ Sub. in Marianas, 1 ' 4a nMacaw........................ Grounding. a t Midwav. 1 2 ' 4ebMoonstone ......Collision. off Dehware Cap&.. 16 Oc t '4

Mount Hood ................ Explosion, a t Manus, 1 0 ' 4ovMuskrget ...................... Overdue. in Atlantic . 1 0 ' 4f tNiagara............................. 4i r, in Solomons, 2 3 ' 4nyPilreon .............................. Air . a t Correcidor. 3 ' 4iivPontiac ............ mther. off Halifax. i S 3 0 ' 4nnPorcupine ........................... Air. a t Mindoro. 2 8 ' 4eeRedwing............................ Mine. off Tunisia, 2 8 ' 4imResruer ...................... Grounding. in Aleutians . 1 ' 4a nRohrr! Xnrncs ................... Ocrupation of Guam,De e '4Ronalii .................... Grounding, off Australia, 1 8 ' 4imUtah ................................... i i r Pearl Harbor . 7 ' 4eeex-Fisheries ............ Scuttled. at Corregidor. . ' 4ayex-Maryann ............... Scuttled, at Corregidor, 5 ; 4ayex-Prrrp.................... Srottled, at Corregidor, 5 4ay

DC H 1 ... cuttled, enroute to Pearl Harhor, 2 8 De c '4

-Way Back When

DD WAS ANTIDOTE FOR TBAbout 50 years ago. the torpedo-

boat had become a frightening men-ace to the battle fleet. From thisthreat arose a new warship andp r dessor of today's D D s. Destroyeris a short form of the original name.torpedo-boat destroyer. which indi-cates the defensive function of thevessel.

In 1898. Congress authorized thebuilding of 16 torpedo-boat destroy-ers. the first in our Navy. Thesewere light. swi ft vessels. mountingseveral quick-firing guns. They dis-placed about 325 tons. had a speedof 30 knots. The torpedo-boat de-stroyer which could destroy the t o r -pedo-boat before it approached closeenough for effective torpedo attack.proved so successfi~l ha t the tru etorpedo-boat a 1m o s t disappearedfrom all navies. Whereupon. with-out a qualm at the paradox. thedestroyer adopted torpedo tubes.

World War I provided a testingground for the modern destroyerNow able to deliver a torpedo attackas well as block one by use of itaguns and depth charges. the destroy-er made the convoy system possibleand practicable. It is considered thatthe destroyer contributed as much 01:

more to the successful conclusion ofWorld War I than any other typeof ship

.In recent years. destroyers haveoften been equipped with guns at theexpense of their torpedo armament .Large destroyers of this type per-form so many of the tasks of lightcruisers- onvoy protection. com-merce raiding. screening duties-thata clear line of demarcation betweenthe two is difficult to define. Hereis the fulfillment of the cycle-fromtorpedo-boat destroyer. to destroyer.t o destroyer-destroyer-all in some50 years.

Official U. .Navy photooraphs

SPEEDY. POTENT are destroyers of recent Allen M . umner class.



Discharge Score Lowered for Most Men;

Freeze on Some Goes Off 1 JanuaryDischarge point scores for most en-

listed men have been cut t o 38 as of1 December, 37 as of 15 December and36 as of 1 January, and Alnav 38 9last month announced discharge eligi-bility for several categories of person-nel who up to now had been ineligiblebecause of the need for their services.

The cut in scores will make 150,000additional men eligible by 1 January,an increase necessary to feed thescheduled flow of 1,200,000 t o separa-tion centers by th at date. No furtherreduction for women was made be-

cause their demobilization is proceed-ing ahead of schedule.The new 38-37-36 scores do not ap-

ply to personnel who have been “fro-zen” temporarily or made eligibleunder other scores, except fo r SK(CB)stevedores, who became eligible on t he38-37-36 basis. However, under therevisions announced in the Alnav, totake effect 1 Januar y, enlisted person-nel of the following ratings will be-come eligible for separation on thebasis shown in the box below:

Specialist (S ) shore patrol, special-ist (X ) key punch operators, store-keeper SK (D) disbursing, Specialist(I) punch card accounting machineoperators, specialist (X) Transporta-tion, hospital corpsmen (PhT) phys-ical therapists and (OT) occupationtherapists assigned to duty in conti-mental U. S. Naval Hospitals or U. S.Naval Special Hospitals.

Officers of the following categorieswho, having acquired sufficient pointsfor demobilization, were hitherto in-eligible for release except on approvalof the Chief of Naval Personnel, willautomatically be eligible for releaseon 1 an without reference t o BuPers:

Shore Patrol officers, officer special-ists in IBM or other electric tabulat-ing machines, postal officers, officergraduates of naval oriental languageschools, officers, officer candidates andenlisted personnel under instruction(who will graduate as officers) innaval oriental schools, officers of theCost Inspection Service and officers

POINTS REQUIRED FORIdale officers (except those classified MC and naval

aviators in flight status). .......................Male officers (classified MC-doctors) ..............Male officers (classified HC, H, chief pharmacist and

pharmacist) ...................................Naval aviators in flight status (ensign).. ...........Naval aviators in flight status (other than ensigns)..Male enlisted personnel (except those listed below). .Wate r tenders ...................................Chief commissary stewards .......................Ships’ cooks and bakers.. .........................Male yeoman and storekeepers (except SKD) .......Male specialists (C) and mailmen.. ................Male specialists (I). punch card accounting machine

operators ......................................Male specialists (S) shore patrol.. .................Male specialists ( X ) key punch operators. ...........Male specialists ( X ) transportation. ...............Male storekeeper (D ) ............................Male hospital corpsmen (PhT), physical therapists

and ( O T ) occupation therapists assigned to duty incontinental U. S. Naval hospitals or U. S. NavalSpecial Hospitals ...............................

Female officers (including those classified MC , HC,and H) ........................................

Nurse Corps .....................................Female enlisted personnel (except those listed below)Female yeoman and storekeepers (except S K D ) .....Female specialists (C ) and mailmen.. ..............Female storekeeper (D) ..........................Female specialists ( I) punch.card accounting machine

operators ......................................Female specialists (X ) key punch operators. ........Female specialists (X) transportation. .............Female hospital corpsmen in same categories as male

hospital corpsmen listed above.. .................* Eligible with 37points as of 15 DecembeT.

RELEASE1 N o v 1Dec lJan

46 44 435 3 5 3 5 1

46 44 4320 20 ’ 2 039 34 304 1 38 * 3641 39 38-

4 1 3 9 3841 39 384 4 4 4 4 444 . 4 4 44

not eligible 44

not eligible 38not eligible 38not eligible 44not eligible 44

noteligible 44

32 30 2932 32 3226 24 2329 29 2929 29 29not eligible 29

not eligible 29not eligible 23not eligible 29

not eligible 29

specializing in physical and occupa-tional therapy and assigned to conti-

nental U. S. Naval Hospitals or U. S.Naval Special Hospitals.

The above provisions affect 3,435officers and 20,375 enlisted personnelof which 2,350 officers and 7,392 en-listed personnel will be made eligiblefor demobilization on 1 January.

In addition approximately 70 officersassigned to or in special training forcivil censorship duties in occupiedcountries have been made immediatelyeligible for demobilization under thepoint system without reference to theChief of Naval Personnel.

However, the foregoing enlisted andofficer personnel, like other Navy per-

sonnel, will be subject t o retention onactive duty fo r reasons of militayynecessity for a maximum of 90 daysbeyond the date of their eligibility fordischarge.

SecNav Tightens RulesFor Delaying ReleasesAs Military Necessity

To put teeth into the enforcementof the Navy’s demobilization plan andto prevent the further unwarrantedholding of personnel under a claim of“military necessity”, the Secretary ofNavy specified in Alnav 367-45 (NDB,

15 Nov, 45-1618) the only two condi-tions under which personnel may beretained by thei r COS beyond the daythey ar e otherwise eligible fo r release.They are:

0 If they personally request in writ-ing that they be retained on activeduty or apply in writing for enlistmentor reenlistment in the regular Navy.

0 If they personally must be heldfor reason of “military necessity.”

In clarifying the latter provision,the Alnav defines military necessityas: “A condition in which the transferof one or more specific persons wouldmake impossible or seriously impairfunctioning of a significant naval op-eration. It is not t o be confused withconvenience or desire of the command-ing officer or any other commander.”

COS arc advised by the directivethat it is expected that they “willact in conformity with the spirit andletter of this definition t o expedite de-mobilization.”

If an individual is retained beyondthe date he is eligible f o r release, hisCO must inform him, either in personor in writing, the reasons for his re-tention and the estimated date whenhe can expect to be released. If t heman or woman is being retained be-cause a relief is needed, the CO is

directed to take immediate action tosecure the replacement through officialchannels. However, the mere fact th ata billet is considered t o be “militarynecessity” is not considered amplereason for the retention of an in-dividual, unless the CO can justify the

ALL HANDS2



retention of t he man under the mili-tary necessity clause.

In no case, however, may enlistedersonnel be retained beyond 90 daysrom the date when they were origi-ally eligible for release. Officers, how-

ever, may be retained with specificapproval of BuPers in cases of ex-

1 7 ( b ) of Alnav 252-45 (NDB,

15 Sept, 45-1169). COS ar e requiredo report monthly to the appropriate

commands the names and reasonsjustifying the retention of a ny indi-vidual otherwise eligible for releaseunder the point system.

As pointed out by Alnav 345-45(NDB, 31 Oct, 45-1513), as soon asconditions permit the Navy intendst o reduce the maximum period of re-tention for military necessity from 90t o 60 days. Thirty days notice willbe given before the effective date ofsuch reductions to permit advanceplanning.

BuPers Clarifies StatusOfFicer Dischargees

Holding Temporary RankRegular and reserve naval person-

nel, except Fleet Reservists, who areordered to separation centers for re-lease and who hold dual status a s per-

anent enlisted personnel and tempo-ary appointment as warrant o r com-issioned officers in the USN or

USNR are entitled to bear the titleof the highest rank held while on ac-ive duty and wear the uniform of

such rank during inactive duty when

the wearing of the uniform is appro-riate.These provisions will continue until

ermitted .by law, when fuf the r in-structions will be announced. Clarify-ing Alnav 245-45 (NDB, 15 Sept , 45-1162), these provisions were made i nBuPers Circ. Ltr . 290-45 (NDB, 15Oct, 45-1437) for Reserves. and in Bu-Pers Circ. Ltr. 321-46 (NDB, 31 Oct,45-1560) fo r regu lar Navy personnel.

These officers are entitled to termi-nal leave and are to be released fromactive duty by officers' separation cen-ters. Their physical examination at

the time of separat ion will include anexamination to determine their physi-cal qualification to hold a permanentwarrant o r commissioned rank in theNaval Reserve.

Such temporary warrant or com-missioned officers found qualified in allrespects will be offered permanent re-serve commissions in the lowest rankof the corps in which they ar e serving.(Those holding a temporary rank ofensign o r above in the Hospital Corpswill be given a permanent appointmentas commissioned warrant officer [chiefpharmacist] because that is the high-est permanent rank authorized in that

corps.) Warrant o r commissionedwarrant officers will be offered a per-manent appointment in the Reserveas warrant officers.

The permanent appointment i s t o beprepared by BuPers and forwarded t othe individual at his home address viathe district commandant, following hisrelease from active duty by the officer

separation center. Acceptance of per-manent reserve appointment will notprevent the individual from later re-suming a naval career in reqular Navyenlisted status if he is otherwise quali-fied and so desires. A member of theNaval Reserve in this category whodoes not care to accept the permanentreseive commission will be dischargedfrom his enlisted sta tu s i n then Re-

serve.

leave May Be GrantedCertain ConvalescentsTo Free Hospital Beds

Convalescent leave up t o 30 daysmay now be granted by OinCs of allNavy and Marine Corps medical unitsequipped for major surgical and med-ical treatment t o any patient officeror enlisted man of the Navy o r Ma-rine Corps who requests it in writing,with the approval of the senior medi-cal officer, if his case meets these

snecifications set fo rt h in a JointNavy-Marine Corps ltr. (NDB, 15NOV, 5-1658) :

@'The ndividual is on the sick list.

He is not awaiting disciplinaryaction o r separation from service.

The medical officer in charge ofthe case recommends the leave asbeneficial t o the patient's health.

@ T h emedical officer in charge ofthe case certifies that the patient isnot fit for duty o r separation; he willnot need hospital treatment during theleave contemplated; and the leave willnot delay final disposition of the case.

The new ruling applies to patientswho are not casualties evacuated fromships o r stations overseas as well asthose who are. Purpose is to providebeneficial leave to patients who areawaiting further surgical attention,such as plastic, neurosurgical andorthopedic cases and others not need-ing active hospital care but unable toreturn to duty without additional con-valescence, and t o vacate hospital bedsnow being occupied by such patients.

Extept for overseas evacuees, theleave is no t to be granted for pur-poses of morale, and is not to be

granted as a substitute fo r rehabilita-tion, annual, reenlistment, recruit,emergency o r survivor leave.

Broaden EligibilityFor American Ribbon

The right to wear the Americanarea campaign ribbon has been ex-tended t o Navy, Marine Corps andCoast Guard personnel who accumu-late one year of honorable service oneither temporary or regular dutywithin the continental limits of theU. S. a t a ny time between 7 Dec 1941and a closing date yet to be announced

(Alnav 351-45: NDB, 31 Oct, 45-1519).Previously the ribbon was limited t o

personnel who served a minimum of30 days within the American areaoutside the continental limits of theU. S. o r who engaged in combat witho r was subjected to attack by enemyforces.

Victory Medal AwardedTo All Serving This War

All men and women who serve onactive duty with the armed forces of

the U. S. or Gov-ernment o f t h ePhilippiFe Islandsany time between7 Cec 3941 and aterminal date tobe announced areeligible t o wear thenew World War I1Victory ribbon (seedrawing at left).

The ribbon, announced by Alnav352-45 (NDB, 31 Oct, 45-1520), takesprecedence after and is worn immedi-ately following the area campaignribbons for World War 11.

Although the medal is not yet avail-able, the ribbons are on sale at storeshandling ribbons. The medal will begiven t o personnel at a later date.

When awarded posthumously theyare t o be presented to the next sur-viving kin.

Income Tax ConcessionsGranted in New Tax Law

Several provisions on income taxwhich pe rtain primari ly to membersof the armed forces ar e contained inPublic Law 214 which was approvedon 8 Nov 1945. Detailed informationfor Navy personnel will be releasedwhen the provisions of the law arewritten into the new tax regulationsand announced by the Treasury De-

partmen t. The law does, however,provide for the following:Exclusion from gross income of

all compensation for enlisted serviceduring the war years and refund oftaxes already paid with respect tosuch compensation.

Payment of accumulated unpaidtaxes in 12 quarter-annual install-ments without interest by personnelwho return from extended periods atsea o r overseas. Under certain cir-cumstances other unpaid taxes mayalso be paid in 12 quarter-annual in-stallments.

Until such time as the new regula-

tions are announced, BuSandA hasrecommended that personnel who haveunpaid taxes to pay should inquire oftheir local Collector of Internal Reve-nue for specific information concern-ing the installment payment privilege.

"Wonder what's for chow today?"



Alnav’ Gives Details

Available Under N eDetails concerning furlough travel,

shippingover and dependents’ quar-ter s allowances and mustering-out payfor service men enlisting or re-enlist-ing in the regular Navy, Marine Corps

o r Coast Guard, are contained in Al-nav 360-45 (NDB, l Nov 45-1528).The new benefits were provided in theact approved 6 Oct 1945, (first an-nounced, ALLHANDS,ovember 1945) .

The provisions apply to inductees,reservists o r regular members of theArmy, Navy, Marine Carps o r CoastGuard who enlist o r reenlist in theregular service a fte r dates specified initalics in the explanation below forFach type of allowance:

Furlough tra vel allowance, will bemade at the rate of 5 cents per mileby the shortest usually-travelled routet o home of recoad or other place se-

lected within the continental U. S. andback to duty station, as soon as COSfind it possible t o grant reenlistmentleave to servicemen entering the regu-lar service on o r after 1 June 1945.

Any discharge travel allowance paidto such men will be deducted from thereenlistment furlough travel allowanceand the allowance will be paid onlyonce during the enlistment o r reenlist-ment period. For sea travel, onlytransportation in kind and subsistenceenroute will be furnished.

Mustering-out pay authorized ondischarge o r release for the purposeof enlisting o r re-enlisting or-accept-ing appointment in regular Navyservice o n or after 1 Feb 1945 (1 une1945 in regular Army service) may bemade in a lump sum payment on dateof discharge o r release, o r in install-ments credited t o the pay account.Men who have enlisted o r reenlistedsince 1 Feb 1945 who did not receivemustering-out pay may apply on Nav-SandA F o r m 550, enclosing dischargecertificateso r their COS certification ofdischarge.

Shipping-over pay f o r all enlist-ments o r reenlistments in regularservice on OT after 1 Fe b 1945 will be

computed at the rate now prescribed

I ITadCen Topics (San Diego)

“Say, did you notice that bathing suit?

Those were granny knots.”

74

of Cash Benefits

!w Enlistment Actfor the first pay grade. All previoushonorable service, whether commis-sioned, warrant o r enlisted sta tus willbe counted, and inactive service periodsof 90 days o r less between active

service periods will not be deducted inthe computation. Where shipping-overpay previously made on enlistmentso r reenlistments on o r after 1 Feb1945 was a t rat es less than the newly-authorized rate, adjustment will bemade in the current pay accounts.

0 Enlisted personnel of the firstthree pay grades who have dependentsmay receive money allowance for de-

pendents’ quarters, o r may elect to havetheir dependents receive o r continue t oreceive family allowance. If electing toreceive money allowance for depen-dents’ quarters, suck personnel mustmake an allotment for the support of

their dependents at least equal t o th eallowance. Family allowance benefitsextend for the full period of all en-listments o r reenlistments entered intobefore 1 July 1946 .

Full details on the allowances andmethods of qualifying fo r them areavailable from personnel and disburs-ing officers.

New Designations GivenRTs and ARTs; Seek MenFor Year’s E T M ‘graining

Radio technician and aviation radiotechnician rating names have been

changed to electronics technician’smate (ETM) and aviation electronictechnician’s mate (AETM), respec-tively. BuPers Circ. Ltr. 325-45(NDB, 31 Oct, 45-1564) announced lastmonth.

Those serving as RTs o r ARTs areto be changed to the new ratings im-mediately, with pay grade and dutiesto remain the same. Specialty marksof distinctive design for ETM andAETM ratings are now under consid-eration and will be announced in thenear future. Until then, the presentART and RT rating insignia will con-tinue to be worn.

In view of the critical shortage ofmen in ETM and AETM rates, BuPersissued an urgent call last month inNavAct No. 8-45 (NDB, 15 Nov, 45-1637) for qualified personnel to submitrequests for approximately one yearof training in radio materiel.

The call was restricted to enlistedmen in the regular Navy in the follow-ing categories: ( 1 ) men in ARM, RM,EM, AEM, SoM and RdM ratings;( 2 ) those in other ratings who havepreviously passed the Eddy test butwho were not selected for radio tech-nician training, and ( 3 ) those withtwo years of obligated service fromtime of ent ry in the school and who

have M K E and GCT scores of 55 o rbetter. The classes are to convene 10December and every two weeks there-after. Graduates will be rated ETM o rAETM in the same o r higher paygrades in accordance with current di-rectives.

Regardless of the forwarding en-dorsement all requests from shore ac-tivities are to be forwarded to BuPersfor action, and all requests from forcesafloat are to be forwarded to ComWes-SeaFron o r ComServLant as appropri-ate for final selection and inclusion inassigned quotas.

‘

‘Extend List of Rates

Now Open to USNsAll ratings, except specialist, ship

repair and construction battalionrates, have been opened by NavAct3-45 (NDB, 31 Oct, 45-1535) to menwho are found to be qualified in allrespects fo r enlistment o r reenlistmentin the regular Navy

As no provision is being made inthe peacetime Navy for specialist o rship repair rates, they are not in-cluded. Special instructions coveringthe enlistment o r reenlistment of CBpersonnel were issued. (see below). I

Seabee Billets Open

To Navy TransfereesSeabees interested in discharge and

immediate enlistment or reenlistmentin the regular Navy Construction Ba-tallion should snbmit their requestswithout delay via COS. BuPers ex-pects to issue authorizations commenc-in g 15 December for a limited numberof CB billets in the postwar Navy, ac-cording t o AlNav 374-45 (NDB, 15

All CB ratings except boatswain’smate stevedore, gunner’s mate armor-er and storekeeper stevedore will beopen. Recommendations should indi-

cate clearly the present rate and per-manent rate if applicable and skilldesignation, and should be airmailedto BuPers from activities outside thecontinental U.S., the Alnav said.

Applicants are required to meet thespecifications for regular Navy enlist-ment, including citizenship in the U.S.o r insular possessions; age within 18t o 30 years, inclusive, with previousservice to be deducted from the pres-ent age if necessary to qualify; physi-cal condition as outlined in chapter 1 1of BuMed Manual modified in BuPersCirc. Ltr. 225-45 (NDB, 31 July, 45 -912) ; and a score of 40 o r above in theFleet Edition GCT within three monthsof the discharge date. Enlistmentswill be for four years.

Men volunteering for enlistment o rreenlistment in the postwar Navy CBwill be retained on active duty pend-ing action on the ir requests. They willbe entitled to reenlistment leave aswell as reenlistment leave travel al-lowance, mustering-out pay and ship-ping-over pay provided for men whotransfer o r reenlist in the RegularNavy. (see col. 1 this page).

NOV.45-1625).

Retailers May HandleAir, Sub Combat Insignia

The sale of aircrew and submarinecombat insignia by civilian retailsources to personnel authorized towear them has been authorized by Bu-Pers Circ. Ltr. 322-45 (NDB, 31 Oct,45-1561). Previously they could be soldonly by ship’s service and ship’s stores.

ALL HANVS



USN Men With Four Years’ Sea DutyNow M a y Ask for Shore Assignment

The shore duty eligibility list forregular Navv enlisted men. which wassuspended d k i n g the war, has beenreestablished by BuPers Circ. Ltr.327-45 (NDB. 31 Oct. 45-1566). Under

this directive men who have servedlong periods at sea o r overseas are tobe given an opportunity to submitindividual requests to the Chief ofNaval Personnel for assignment toshore duty in continental U. S. navaldistricts, river commands and navalair training commands.

To be eligible for consideration, en-listed men must have served a mini-mum of four yea rs continuously atsea o r a t a n overseas base, except foraviation branch ratings who mag sub-mit applications after three years’continuous sea o r overseas duty.

Total continuous sea duty will bethe contro’Jing factor in selecting menf o r transfer t o shore duty, and thosewith the longest continuous tour ofduty at sea o r overseas will be selectedfirst for tra ns fe r to continental shorebillets. The four- and three-year re-quirement will be raised or loweredfrom time to time, depending upon the

eeds of the shore establishment, and

roups. The directive does, however,

COS ar e to forward direct to BuPers(Att : Pers-6302) individual requestsubmitted by enlisted men who meet

e Must be serving in the USN,with

or enlistmentextended. Men serving in an ex-

or submission of request, by indicat-

--WHAT’S IN A NAME?

Dead HorseMany a gay but impecunious sailor has

spent his first month at sea working for a“de ad horse.” The

man of the sea

w a n t e d t o p l a y

host to a last night

of wi l d del ight be-

fore the long voy-

age. Be in g im-

provident, he could

finance the affairr /

o n l y b y d ra wi ng

h is f i r s t month ’s-.p ay i n a d v a n c e .

This advance w a s called a “dead horse.”

(“Horse” is slang for work p aid for in

d v a n c e ; i f the money was spent so

quickly, obviously i t was quickly pretty

“dead.”) When the advance money was

f inal ly worked off, an effigy of a horse

was fashioned. With mock ceremony and

boisterous hilarity the sailors tossed the

horse into the sea.

ing their intention on p. 9 of theirservice record over their signature.

o For purposes of the directive,

“continuous sea and overseas service”is defined as including periods of du tyin the U. S. between sea o r overseasassignments, such a s new constructiondetails, instruction in service schools,hospitalization, general detail, etc.provided tha t the combined total of allsuch interrupted periods does not ex-ceed nine months during a four-yearperiod f o r general service ratings, andnine months during a threeyearperiod for aviation branch ratings.

Personnel may express three choicesfor shore duty, which should be in-dicated by naval district and the lo-cality within the district where theyprefer t o be assigned. The second

choice, however, is, to be in a navaldistrict other than that expressed asthe ir fir st choice. The optional choice“anywhere in the U. S.” may be in-dicated as first choice, o r if so desised,may be given as a third choice.

A s far as practicable, it is thedesire of the Chief of Naval Person-nel, that eligible men be assigned toshore duty in the locality of theirchoice, with the following generalprinciples applying :

Enlisted personnel are to be car-ried on only one eligibility list at atime, either for duty in a naval dis-trict, as provided by the directive, orfor recruiting duty, as provided byBuPers Circ. Ltr . 246-45 (NDB, 31Aug. 45-1077) and reported on p. 77,October 1945 ALL HANDS. Requestsshould not, however, be submitted un-der both plans.

Men who request district shoreduty or recruiting duty and, prior toreceiving orders thereto, decide thatthey no longer desire a shore assign-ment should immediately request re-moval of their name from the eligi-bility list.

e Men serving in newly commis-sioned ships, including ships placed in

commission after modernization, orfrom the reserve fleet, are not con-sidered eligible for district shore dutyo r recruiting duty until the ship hasbeen in full commission for 12 months.

Men completing a course of in-struction in a Class B o r C serviceschool will not be ordered to shoreduty pr ior to completion of 12 months’sea duty following graduation.

Personnel in the regular Navy whodo not meet the requirements for atour of duty ashore prescribed by thedirective, but who have family hard-ship cases o r other humanitarian rea-

sons for needing shore duty in theStates, may submit their requests t oBuPers, accompanied by documentssubstantiating their claim.

A sample application letter f o r menrequesting shore duty may be foundin BuPers Circ. Ltr. 327-46 (NDB, 31OCt, 45-1566).

WHAT‘S THEANSWER?

Know Your. Ladies

1. A Gibson Gir l would serve a sailor

best

(a.) on shore leave.

(b.) on a l i fe raft.(c.1 on a dog watch.

2. If the Chief announces that “Rose

lashing ’s been done wrons,” he is re-

ferr ing to

(a.1 the gir l you le ft behind.

(b.) a rope securing two pieees together.

(c.) the hoisting of a pennant.

3. Granny i s

fa.) an insecure knot.

(b.) a square knot.

$.I a reef knot.

4. Rosie i s

(4.) a spit kit.

6.1 a mdio broadcclster. .(c.) a garbage can.

5. The “Fight ing k d y ” refers to

fa.) a battieship.

(b.) a cruiser.

(c.) an aircraft carrier.

(d.) a submarine.

6. MatcK the ladies, men:

(a.) Miss l iberty

(b.) Miss Stays (2.) crossing the

(c.1 Her Highness fa.) situation of a

Amp hitr ite saiHng vesselw h i c h h a s

fai led to came

about

(d.1 Pea rl of the (4.) island of Cuba

(e.) Mother Carey’s (5.) l i fe jacket

(f.) M ae West ( 6 J d r u m o f awindlass f o r

heaving in l ine

(g.1 Gypsey (7.) a popular tat-

too

7. Santa Barbara i s the p h o n saint of

(1.) stormy petrels

l ine

Antil les

Chickens

la.) aviators.

(b.) ordnance men.(c.1 engineers.

(d.) boatswains.

8. Nancy lee i s

(a,) sister ship of the Robert E. Lee.

(b.1 a soilor’s wife.

(c.) top ranking yeomataefte of World

War I.

9. The “Queen of the Fleet’ i s

la.) the Pennsylvania.

(b.) the Ne w York.

(c.1 the New Mexico.

Id.) the Missouri.

hold of the towrope” when

fa . ) al l i s goin g well, g oin g home.

(b.) ail is fouled up.

(c.) there are women on board.

(d.1 ha lf the crew has ohore tiberty.

ANSWERS TO QUIZ ON PABE 77

10. A sailor exclaims ”the girls have go?



Planning to Buy Surplus War Property?

SPA Gives Details for Elrgible VeteransFor veterans of World War I1 who

re interested in the purchase of sur-plus war property fo r use in their busi-esses or professions, the Surplus

Property Administration has set up aertain procedure to be followed inaking application for a preference

ati ng fo r purchases.Here, step by step, is th at procedure:.The veteran takes his discharge

apers, terminal leave papers orther proof that he is a veteran t ohe nearest office of the Smaller Warlants Corporation (see list below).

He gives the SWPC a descriptionof the business or profession in whiche will use surplus war property, and

list of the kind and quantities ofroperty he wishes to buy.

.The SWPC will issue him a cer-tificate stating that he has preferencerights as a veteran and listing theind and quantities of property heant s to buy. If there ar e differentinds of surplus property involved,he SWPC may give him more than

one certificate.0 Aft er the veteran, has received

his certificate he presents it to thedisposal agency actually selling theproperty he wants to buy. The SWPCwill give him a hand in finding theproper agency and if he is unable todeal directly with the agency, theSWPC will handle it for him.

0 The disposal agency will tell theveteran where the property he wantsto buy is located, and he may go andinspect it if he desires.

0 After he’s found the property andinspected it, he is ready to completefinancial arrangements. Payment maybe arranged with the disposal agencyor through the SWPC, and in somecases credit may be obtained.

0 After payment has been made o rcredit arranged, the veteran will tellthe disposal agency where t o ship theoronertv if he can’t take possession&f i’t on’the spot.

The veteran will follow thi s proced-ur e in th e purchase of practicallyevery type 03 surplus war propertywith the exception of land or realproperty. Fo r agricultural property

1

1

Oak Leaf (NavHosp, Oakland, Calif.)“-And al l you have to do is walk in and

yell ‘Daddy!’ ”

_- _ -I

76

he applies directly to the Departmentof Agriculture; if it’s grazing prop-erty, to the Interior Department;housing property, to the National

Housing Agency, and industrial realproperty to the Reconstruction Fi-nance Corporation.

Any honorably discharged or re-leased veteran who served in thearmed forces on or after 1 6 Sept 1940is entitled to preference in buyingsurplus war property, and this provi-sion includes men on terminal leaveand those placed on inactive statusbut not finally released or discharged.

However, the veteran can qualifyfor a preference rating only if heclearly establishes the fact that thesurplus war property he wishes to buyis t o be used in setting up or run-ning his own small business or pro-fession. No purchases fo r personal usecan be made on a preferential basis,although a veteran may have prefer-ence in purchasing property that he

Neb., Manckester, N. H., Newark andTrenton, N. J., Albuquerque, N. M.,Albany, Brooklyn, Buffalo, New York,Rochester, Syracuse and Utica, N. Y.,Charlotte, N. C., Fargo, N. D., Toledo,Canton, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Colum-bus, Dayton and Lima, Ohio, Okla-homa City and Tulsa , Okla., Portland,Ore., Allentown, Reading, Erie, Har-risburg, York, Philadelphia, Scrantonand Pittsburgh, Pa., Providence, R. I.,Columbia, S. C., Sioux Falls, S. D.,Chattanooga,. Knoxville, Memphis andNashville, Tenn., Dallas, El Paso,Houston, San Antonio, Texarkana,Tex., Salt Lake City, Utah, Mont-pelier, Vt., Richmond, Norfolk andRoanoke, Va., Spokane and Seattle,Wash., Charles ton, W. Va., Eau Claire,Green Bay, Madison, Milwaukee,Wausau, Wis.

In order to answer some of thequestions that exist in the mind of theveteran concerning the surplus prop-ert y ,program, the SPA has prepared

a list of questions and answers thatclarify some of the more importantphases of the program. They may aidyou in solving your pa rticular problem.

Are there any limits on the amount of

property a veteran can buy and what i s thecan Prove is reauired in his emalov-

DUrDOSe of settina limits?menf, even though he is not the-prb-prietor of a business. For example,if he is a salesman and his employerrequires him to have a car, he is en-titled to buy one, bu t only if he showsproof that the automobile is required.

To clarify the meaning of “own”business and “small business”, theSPA defines them thus:

“Own” business or profession isone of which more than 50 percent ofthe invested capital o r net income isowned by or accrues to a veteran, orgroup of veterans.

“Small business” may include anycommercial or industrial enterprise, o rgroup of enterprises under commonownership, which does not at the timeof purchase have more than 500 em-ployees, or any such enterprise which,by reason of its relative size and po-sition in its industry, is certified bythe SWPC, with SPA approval, to bea small business.

Since the SWPC is one of thefoun-tainheads of information on surpluswar property, here is a list of SWPCdist rict offices. This lis t will give theveteran a hand in locating the onenearest his home where he can go t odiscuss his surplus property problem:

Birmingham, Ala., Phoenix, Ariz.,Little Rock, Ark., San Francisco andLos Angeles, Calif., Bridgeport, Hart-ford and New Haven, Conn., Denver,Colo., Wilmington, Del., Jacksonville,Tallahassee, Tampa and Miami, Fla.,Atlanta, Ga., Boise, Idaho, Chicago,Decatur, Peoria, Rockford, Ill., Evans-ville, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis- andSouth Bend, Ind., Davenport and Des

Moines, Iowa, Wichita, Kans., Louis-ville, Ky., New Orleans, La., Portland,Maine, Baltimore, Md., Boston, Low-ell, Springfield and Worcester, Mass.,Detroit, Grand Rapids and Saginaw,Mich., Duluth and Minneapolis, Minn.,Jackson, Miss., Kansas City and St.Louis, Mo., Helena, Mont., Omaha,

’ 0 Yes. Minymum limits are estab-lished because the cost of handlingcertain kinds of property in quanti-ties smaller than those in which theywould normally be handled would betoo high. Maximum limits are im-posed to insure fair distribution andguard against any one man getting a“corner” on the market.

How can a veteran locate property of thekind he wishes to purchase?

0 At the nearest of 150 field officesof the SWPC (see above), at thenear-est disposal agency, o r from the peri-odically issued lists of property de-clared surplus which will be sent theveteran on request. In addition SPAheadquarters in Washington standsready to aid and advise the veteranat all times.

Is a veteran permitted to examine property

before he buys it and if he i s not able toinspect it, will the government guarantee it

to be of high quality?

0 He can inspect the property, but

the government will not guarantee itto be of high quality since many itemsare declared surplus because theydon’t meet government standards. Thegovernment offers only the assurancethat the quality and condition of theproperty is not misrepresented, andmany sales will be on an “as is, whereis” basis.

Is a veteran about to resume civilian prac-

tice of a profession entitled to preference in

the purchase of building material and fur-

nishings for a house which i s to serve both

a s on office and a dwelling place?

0 The SWPC will determine in indi-vidual cases to what extent he is en-

titled to preference according to theproportionate uses t o which the struc-ture is to be put. If its main func-tion is to serve as a home, he is en-titled to preference only on such itemsas are necessary to establish and fur-nish h is professional quarters.

Do length of service overseas, combat ac-



The Mo:st (Snn Diego)

“Well, men, you’ve played - a perfect first

half. I haven’t a thing more to s a y , so you

can fall i n at your places and we’ll have

locker inspection.”

ion, wounds and decorations have any bear-

ing on a veteran’s preference rating?

No.

Does a veteran have preference in buying

real estate?

Yes. Afte r the property has beensubdivided into appropriate economic

nits, such a s family-sized farms,

ixes what it considers a fair price forach unit. Before the property can

t o the originalwner or a federal or state agency,

o r all units offered forsale at the fixed price. A vete ran

ay exercise his preference to buy

How are prices fixed on sales to veterans?

0 Disposal agencies will sell surplusty to veterans a t a fair value

e levels a t the time of purchase

One thing the veteran should re-ember is the fact t ha t his preference

ating is good only for his initial pur-is entitled t o a stock of

urplus property on a preferentialasis t o ge t his business or profession

asthose made by any other buyer. Inaddition, his preference is subordinateo the priorities exercised by federal,state and local government agenciesand certain health and educationalinstitutions.

The SPA warns all veterans thatmany items, particularly cars andlight trucks, are still on the “scarce”list, and certain others may never beplentiful enough to satisfy all de-mands. However, SPA says every ef-fort will be made t o insure a fair andequitable distribution among veteransof existing stocks of surplus war

property.

BuPers Revises LetterOn OflFicer Transfers

Changes made in BuPers Cire. Ltr.288-45, covering transfer of reserve

OEC€M8€10 1945

and temporary USN officers t o theregular Navy, have been called t o theattention of officers interes ted intransfer.

The revised circular letter appearsin NDB, 15 Nov, 45-1639, and the re-visions, entitled “Change One andChange Two to Circ. Ltr. 288-45,” alsohave been printed separately for thebenefit of persons holding a copy of

the original circular as printed inpamphlet form.Change One deals primarily with

age qualifications and contains a re-vistd, simplified age table for thevarious corps, ranks and dates ofrank. Age qualifications for Medical,Dental, Chaplain and Civil EngineerCorps officers have been liberalizedfrom those specified in the originalform of the circular. Age qualifica-tions for Line, Supply and E D 0 of-ficers remain the same.

Change Two presents a clearer pic-tu re of lineal position, fixes the te r-mination of temporary appointments,

and specifies that newly-commissionedReserve or temporary commissioned,commissioned warrant or warrantUSN officers shall have a t least sixmonths’ active duty before requestingtransfer to the regular Navy.

Change Two also slightly revisesthe-form of application to reduce de-lays due to errors in submission. Itwill not be necessary, however, forofficers whose applications for trans-fer have been made to resubmit re-quests.

Officers May ReceiveNavy Medical ServiceDuring Terminal Leave

A clarification of an officer’s rightto medical and hospital treatmentwhile on terminal leave has been is-sued in AlStaCon dated 31 Oct 1945.

Although revised statutes prohibitthe payment of civilian medical andhospital expenses for officers while onleave, they are eligible to receive suchservices from facilities of th e MedicalDepartment of the Navy whereveravailable. However, if none ar e avail-able, then they may apply, under thereciprocal agreement, t o the Arms orPublic Health Service. If the officeris to receive treatment by a veterans’facility, prior authorization must beobtained from BuMed.

An officer’s right to treatment orhospitalization by the Navy, Army orPublic Health Service ends with thetermination of his active duty status.After that, the Veterans Administra-tion regulations apply and local VAmanagers should be consulted.

Navy Radio Now HandlingUrgent Personal Notices

Overseas and shipboard radio cir-cuits again became available for urg-

ent personal and emergency messagesto and from Navy personnel all overthe world on 15 Nov 1945, by author-ization of CNO in AlComPac 11. Onlycost for this service, resumed with re-turn to peace, is the expense of tele-graphing or mailing the messages to

The Hoist (Snn Diego)

“A special communique from Miss Schultz

states that the book we are looking for

is 17 days overdue and i s presumed by the

Navy to be lost.”

or from the naval radio sta_tionwhichforwards them.

For men with New York Fleet Post

Office addresses, messages should besent to the Naval CommunicationsOffice, Washington 25, D. C.; and tothe Naval Communications Office, 12thNaval District Headquarters, SanFrancisco, for men with San Fran-cisco Fleet Post Office addresses.

Right t o reject messages of un-usual length, congratulations or greet-ings, and those of questionable ur-gency is reserved by the Navy, whichalso warns that mail delivery may benecessary a t times until the load onfleet radio circuits is reduced.

+

Need Overseas PostmarkTo Get 6 c Air Mail Rate

The following summary of postalprovisions covering the amount of

‘postage required on air mail lettersmailed by armed forces personnel com-ing ashore in the United States hasbeen announced by CNO:

To be eligible for the specialoverseas ra te of six cents per half-ounce or fraction thereof, air mail let-ters for delivery within the conti-nental U. S. from members of thearmed forces must not only show anoverseas A.P.O. or fleet post office i n ,the return address, but ,also must bear

an overseas cancellation postmark,such as “U . S. Navy”.

0 Air mail letters mailed by mili-tary personnel in civilian channelsashore for U. S. delivery must bearpostage a t the rate of eight cents perounce, regardless of ret urn address.

ANSWERS TO QUIZ O N PAGE 75

1. (b.) I t is a one-way radio.2. (b.)

3. (a,)

4. (e.)

5. (e.)

6. (a . )-(7) (b.)-(3) , (~.) - (21, (d-1-

7. (b.)

8. (b.) In the sailor song of the same

name.

9. (E.)

(41, (e . ) - ( l ) , (f.)-(5) and (s.)-(61.

10. (a.)

77



ALNAVS, NAVACTS IN BRIEFAlnavs apply to all Navy, Marine

Corps and Coast Guard ships and sta-tions; NavActs apply to all Navyships an d stations.

l AlnavsNo. 348blarifies “military neces-

sity” under point system.No. 349-Deals with admini strativeprocedure in connection with releaseof officers.

No. 35OLSets up rules fo r disburs-ing officers to follow in stopping allot-ments for personnel being separatedfrom service.

No. 351-Extends eligibility forAmerican ar ea award . See p. 73.

No. 352-Announces World War I1Victory Medal. See p. 73.

No. 353-Lowers points for navalaviators in flight status. See p. 72.

No. 354-Amends list of personnelaccounting offices.

No. 356-FLequests applications forcertain publication personnel ; an-nounced on p. 72 Nwember 1946 ALLHANDS.

No. 356-Lowers points for mem-bers of Navy Nurse Corps. See p. 72.. No. 357-Extends deadline for 5ub-mission of recommendations for cer-tain awards.

No. 368-Announces Join t Chiefs ofStaff policy on disposition of supplies,material and equipment.

No. 369-C a n c e i s Alnav 34-42(NDB, cum, ed. 1j48, 42-2014) deal-ing with construhon of quarters.

No. 360-Deals with cer tain bene-fits fo r purpose of stimulating enlist-

ments and reenlistments. Se p. 00.No. 861-C a n c e 1s Alnav 32-45

(NDB, Jan-June, 45-131) dealing withrestriction of sale of scarce articlest u armed servicas.

No. 382 and 863-Deal with prepa-ration and submission of NavPersForm 626 (report of enlisted person-nel).

No. 364-Brings up to da te certainchanges in regulation on cash clothingallowance for enlisted men.

No. 365-C a 11s f o r applicationsfrom USN line officers, classes 1937 to1943 inclusive, and from temporaryofficers and USNR officers transferring

to regular Navy, for one-year coursein naval intelligence to m v e n e 1 July

r I‘

The Hoist (San Diego)

‘‘Think, Mullins, think! You’re not in the

Navy anymore!”

78h

1946; states that plan is to assigngraduates to intelligence billets whenon shore duty, and that successfulcompletion of course will in no wayinterfere with usual rotation of seaand shore duty; applications to besubmitted via official channels to reach

BuPers arior to 1 Aar 1946.~ No. 386-C a n c e i s that par t ofAlnav 145-44 (NDB, July-Dec, 44-910)which states “flight orders of mendesignated comb2 aircrewmen shallnot be revoked unless and until theircombat aircrewman designation is re-voked.”

No. 367-Clarifies rule under whichpersonnel eligible for separation maybe retained on duty. See p. 72.

No. 368-States procedure fo r pro-viding rations to other than Navy a ndMarine Corps personnel.

No. 369-Announces appointment tonext higher rank for temporary ser-vice, to rank from

1Nov 1946, of reg-

ular and reserve Navy Nurse Corpsensigns who reported for continuousactive duty on 1 Apr 1944.

No. 370-Announces appointment tonext higher rank for temporary ser-vice, t o rank from 1 Nov 1945, ofthose lieutenants on active list of reg-ular Navy, line and staff corps, whmedate of r ank is between 2 Oct 1943and 1 Nov 1943, inclnsive; and thoselieutenants (junior grads), ensignsand non-commissioned warrant offi-c a s , U ~ N , ine and staff corps, whosedate of r ank a re within period 1 Aprilt o 1 May 1944, inclusive; and thoselieutenants, lieutenants (junior grade),

ensigns and non-commissioned war-rant officers, line and staff corps, ofthe Naval Rwerve, whose date of com-mencement of continuous active du tyin their respective rank is within thesame periods as f o r equivalent rankgiven above.

No. 371--Requests, because demandhas exceeded available stocks, thatsales to discharees of items for civ-ilian wear referrved to in Alnav 250-45(NDB, 15 Sept, 45-1167) be limitedto following quantities :

1 blanket2 heavy--drawers6 nainsook 9awers

1 iack-knife

1 2 handkerchiefs

3 ;hambray shirts1 pair law shoes and 1 pair higu

shoes or 2 aairs low shoes6 mirs bla dc o t ton soc ks4 bairs natwral wool socks6 cotton undershirts2 heavy, undershi rts2 dungarees

No. 372-Deals with un au th or ie dwearinn of Navv Unit Commendationribbm.-See p. f9.

No. 373- Contains administrativedetails on orderinq of certain oafieers.

No. 374-Anno&es opening t o CBpersonnel of enlistments and reenlist-ments in regular Wavy.

No. 375-States that use of word

“rac‘ar” is henceforth unclassified.No. 376-States tha t in view of re-ported injuries and fatalities re-sulting f rom pra nks in connection withcrossing the line ceremonies, COS ar eto be held strictly accountable forthose ceremonies and similar hazing

within command on any occasions;says that symbolism may be retainedbut degrading and potentially danger-ous practices including many anticsheretofore tolerated are to be discon-tinued.

No. 377-Announces by name ap-pointment for temporary service torank of commander of certain mem-bers of Medical Corps, USN and USNR,

including Women’s Reserve.

No. 378-Announces by name ap-pointment for temporary service torank of commander of certain mem-bers of Civil Engineer Corps, USN and

No. 379-Announces by name ap-pointment f o r temporary service torank of commander of certain mem-bers of Chaplain Corps, USN and USNR.

No. 380- Contains administrativedetails on stoppage of allotments.

No. 381-Announces by name ap-pointment for temporary service tora nk of command= of certain mem-bers of Dental Corps, uSN and USNR.

No. 1-Deals with distribution ofNavPers Form 563 (report of separa-tion from naval service).

No. 2-Announces that effective im-mediately terms of service for firstenlistment and reenlistment in regularNavy ar e two, three, four o r six yearsat option of m an colleesned, exceptthat applicants 17 years old may notbe enlisted t~ exceed 2M birthday.

No. 3-Ammds basic directive ontransfer o r reenlistment of enlistedmen to re- Navy.

No. 4-State4 that requests fo r re-lease te inactive duty f r o mm ffi-

cers based on ersonal hardahip arebeing unduly c f ayad in farwardingvia. chain of command, and states tha tthey should be forwarded direct tsBuPers by 00 of &oer concerned.

No. 5-Provider: for having officersand men complete settlement of mis -cellaneous elaims such as per diem,mileage and other reimbursable itemsby local disbursing officers prior totransfer Fo r separation.

No. O-Amance5 Navy policy onpersonnel serving under tempora ryappointments. See 79 .

Ne. 7-Frovides t t a t copy of Nav-Pers Form !Xi8 (notice of separation)

be given to dischargee f o r delivery tolocal Selective Service Board for used he reemployment commitheman inarea where dischasgee lives.

No. 8-Invites reques ts f o r year’sradib materiel course from certainregular Navy personnel. See p. 74.

USNR.

NavAcfs

“Boy, am I hungry!”

ALL HANOS



ct Reveals Future

Temporary OfficersThe first official word on the futuretus of temporary appointments was

e in NavAct 6-45 (NDB,IP ct , 45-1635) which said:

The Department understands un-USN and USNR,

temporary appointments

warran t o r enlisted ar e concernedure policy regarding thei r tem-

“Services of such officers are neededDepartment intends that those

on active duty will be em-loyed in duties commensurate with

he rank in which serving as long as

mains in effect. Dur ing this periodt o be considered for

romotion with their contemporaries.”Under the A d of 24 Jul y 1941 (Title

34, USC 350i) and amended by the Actne 1942 (Title 50, USC 812,

814) , emporary appointments and pro-

motions, unless terminated earlier bythe President, may be continued ineffect until “six months after 38 Juneof the fiscal year following that inwhich the present war shall end.”

If, for instance, the war should bedeclared at an end during this fiscalyear (on or before 30 Jun e 1946), tem-porary appointments could remain ineffect to 31 Dec 1947.

It is expected that all r m e fficerswill be released ta inadive duty by 1Sept 1946-under the Navy’s d e d i l -

ization plan , except, of course, for thosewho request to remain on active duty.If there are any of these reserves onactive duty when the temporary pro-motion law terminates, they will bereduced in rank, as will regular Navyofficers serving under temporary pro-motions, as the temporary promotionsfor both regulars and reserves is pro-vided for by the same law. Most re-serves now serving have a permanent

commission in the reserves; their pro-motions since their initial appointmenthave been by Alnav or by selectionboard f o r “temporary service.”

By the time the temporary appoint-ments terminate, however, it is antici-pated th at legislation will be enacted toprovide fo r the postwar reserve a s wellas the adjustment of p er m an at ranksof all officers, regula rs (including tem-porary USN) and reserves (active andinactive).

No announcement was made on thepossible fu ture sta tus of temporary en-listed ratings.

OfRcers Advised To UseLeave Address Postcards

Because of th e necessity of know-ing where an officer can be reachedwhen on leaveabetween change of dutystations, BuPers invites attention tothe urgency far u s e the return-address postcard (NavPers 322) whichis enclosed with each set of ordersissued by the Bureau. Officers ar eurged to use the card t o advise Bu-Pers of their intended addresses.

Unauthorized U s e MadeOf Navy Unit Ribbon

Large numbers of personnel areerroneously wearing the Navy UnitCommendation ribbon t o indicate par-ticipation in the Okinawa campaigno r as a 3rd, 5th o r 7th Fleet commen-dation ribbon, the Navy Departmentdisclosed in Alnav 372-45 (NDB, 15Nov, 45-1623). As the Navyhas neither

authorized an Okinawa ribbon norawarded the Navy Uni t Commendationribbon to the 3rd, 5th and 7th Fleets,COS are advised by the Alnav to take,immediate steps to stop the unauthor-ized wearing of the ribbon.

The only personnel entitled t o wearthe Navy Unit Commendation ribbonar e $hose who were assigned to uni tswhich have been awarded the ribbon.

Scholarships AvailableTo Officers’ Daughters

Daughters of regular Navy andMarine Corps officers who were on

active duty 1 Sept 1929 and still areon active duty ar e eligible for mholar-ships valued at $200 applicable towardboard and tuition at Stephens College.

The college, affiliated with the Bap-tist church, enrolls girls for the lasttwo years of high school and forjunior college, and is located at Co-lumbia, Mo. All students applHngmus t pass entrance requirements. Thescholarships are not available fordaughte rs of reserve officers or retiredofficers on temporary duty.

ACC TUUM1SS IT’S THE LITTLE THINGS IN LUFE ..



-FANTAIL FORUMQUESTION Of your wartime Navy. experiences, which

one do you think will leave the most lasting impression?

Joseph Yannone, SSMB2c, Phila-delphia, Pa.: “One morning at th e

Navy hospital, inBethesda, I wastold to go to aroom and shave aM r. Jones. I en-

tered t h e room.The man’s f a c ewas very familiar.It didn’t take melong to place thepatient. It w a sCordell Hull. 1w a s p l e n t y ex-cited and worried

that he might not be pleased.”

William A. Hardin, MMSl c , Mor-canton. N. C.: “I don’t think It’ssossible to pickout one thing andsay that’s what’ll

stick in my mind.There are a lo t ofthings I think arevery important t ome right now, butthey might meannothing a t all afew years fromnow. But I guessI w on’ t f o r ge twhat close friendsguys got to be when they were in atough spot together and how they’drespect each other after.”

Harvey Barrineau, PhM3c, Pensa-cola, Fla.: “What sticks in my head

is the first time Ihad to take careof a patient. Ihad j ust come outof corps schooland was told totake care of ane n l i s t e d m a nwho’d just be’enoperated on. Iwas supposed tomake up the bedwhile he was in itand I was scared

I might hurt him. I fooled aroundwith the sheet for a while then I

yelled for the nurse. She told me itwas my job and I’d have t o do itmyself. ,Iid it. Nobody got hurt.”

Jack R. I Llewellyn, ARM3c, of Bar-ton, Md.:’ “It’s strange but I keepremembedng myfirst dav in theNavy an”d I thinkth at ’s somethingI’ll never forget.

put up with anyr e a l d i s c i p l i neuntil I[ came intothe Navy. Andthen t h a t firstd a y I g o tplenty! I guessI m u s t h a v ethought everyone was going out of

his way t o be nasty to me. Butwhen I saw everyone else was get-ting the same deal it wasn’t so badand I fi pr ed if they could take it socould I.

Walter E. Ashby, Slc, D a n b u r y ,Conn.: “One thing I learned while int h e N a v y w a swhat swell people ’

the Scotch are. Iwon’t forget myt w o m on t hs inScot land for along time. You’dgo into Glasgowand they’d neverhike the pr icesjust because youwere in an Amer-ican uniform andwere supposed tohave a lot of money. Another thing,they wouldn’t ask you how old youwere when you wanted a drink.They figured if you were old enoughto be wearing your uniform you wereold enough to drink and they treatedyou like an old-and I don’t meanclose-friend.”

Clement Nussbaum, PhM2c, Wash-ington, D. C.: “There ar e a few

things t h a t I’llr e m e m be r f o rsome time. I re-member the time

the Coast,-expect-

in g t o spend acouple of monthsthere. But within24 hours I was onmy way to Iwo.Then there wast h e K am ik az e

that came pretty close gff Okinawa.But I guess what meant most to mewas treating evacuees at Iwo andOkinawa. It really feels good towatch a guy getting well afteryou’ve helped treat his wounds. Thatmade up fo r the rough going.”

Norman Glover, RM3c, Gaithers-burg, Md.: “I suppose I should havegotten used to theN a vy bus i ne s swhere you’re al-ways hurrying upt o wait. But onetime it really gotme down. We’dbeen told t o loadup our LST ont he doub l e be -cause we w e r es u pp o s e d to beshoving off forsome other islandin the Pacific. We got all loaded andthen guess what? That’s right. Wewaited around. We waited fo r twodays before we left port. And dur-ing those,;two days all liberties werecancelled.

411 UANDSTHE BuPERS INFORMATION BULLETIN

With approval of the Bureau ofthe Budget, this magazine i s pub-lished monthly in Washington, D. C.,by the Bureau of Naval Personnel forthe information and interest of thenaval service as a whole. Opinionsexpressed are not necessarily those

of the Navy Department. Referencet o regulations, orders and directivesi s for information only and does notby publication herein constitute au-thority for adion. All original ma-terial may be repr inted as desired.Original articles of general interestmay be forwarded to the Editor.

DATES used throughout are local time at sceneof action unless otherwise indicated.

SECURITY: .Since this magazine i s not classified,it sometomes IS limited in ITS reporting and publi-cation of photographs. It therefore cannot alwaysfully record achievements of units or individuals,and may be obliged to omit mention of accom-plishments even more noteworthy than those in-cluded.

REFERENCES made to issues of ALL HANDSpr ior to the June 1945 issue apply to this maga-zine under i t s former name;The Bureau of, avalPersonnel Information Bullet in. The letters NDB,”used as a reference, indicate the official NavyDepartment Bulletin; followed by the initials “cum.ed,“ they refer to the cumulative edition of 31Dec. 1943, which superseded all semi-monthlyissues through that date. by ”Jan.-July” or ”July-Dec.,” to the collated vblumes for those six-monthperiods of 1944, containing al l 1941 letters s t i l l ineffect at the end of each of the two periods.

DISTRIBUTION: By BuPers Circ. Ltr. t62-43 (NDB., cum. ed., 31 Dec., 43-1362) the

Bureau directed that appropriate steps be

taken t o insure tha t al l hands have quick

end convenient access t o this magazine, and

indicated tha t dist r ibut ion should be

effected on th e basis o f one copy fo r each

ten officers and enlisted personnel t o ac-complish the directive.

In most instances, the circulation of the maga-zine has been increased in accordance withcomplement and on-board count statistics in theBureau, on the basis of one copy for each tenofficers and enlisted personnel. Because intra-activ ity shifts affect the Bureau’s statistics andbecause organization of some activities mdy r e -quire more copies than normally indicated toeffect thorough distribution to all hand< theBureau invites requests for additional copies asnecessary to comply with the basic directive.This magazine i s intended for all hands and com-manding officers should take necessary steps tomake it available accordingly.

The Bureau should be kept informed of changesin the numbers of copies required; requests re-ceived by the 20th of the month can be effectedwith the succeeding issue.

The Bureau should also be advised i f the full

number of copies are not received regularly.Normally copies for Navy and Coast Guardactivities are distributed only to those 011 theStandard Navy Distribution List in the expecta-tion that such activities wyll make further dis-tribution as necessary; where special circum-stances warrant sending direct to sub-activities,the Bureau should be informed.

Distribution to Marine Corps personnel i s effect-ed by the Commandant, U. S. Marine Cows, onthe present basis of four copies per unit, down toand including the company. Requests from MarineCorps activities should be addressed to theCommandant.

At ship’s stores and ship’s service stores whereunit packaginp plan for magazines i s in effect,ALL HANDS IS on sale to naval personnel at 15cper CODY as indicated on the cover of those issues.

PERSONAL COPIES: This magazine is for

sale b y Superintendent of Documents, U. S.Government Print ing Off ice, Washington 25,

D. C.: 20 cents pe r copy: subscription pr ice$2.00 a year, domestic (including FPO and

APO addresses for overseas mail); $2.75,foreign. Remittances should be made dir ec t

to the Super intendent of Documents. Sub-script ions are accepted fo r one year only.

80 RCC UANDS



- -

e- -d

1./

2916233 0

1-24 Battle of Makassar Str31 Invasion of Kwaialein

14 U. S. flag first recognized (1778115 USS Maine explodes (1898116 Decatur hero at Tripoli (1804119 Invasion of Iwo Jima (19451

MARCH9 Monitor, Merrimac battle (18621

31 Perry at Yokohama (1854)APRIL1 Invasion of Okinawa (194516 Navy's Peary at North Pole 1190916 U. 5. enters World War I (1917120 First aircraft carrier (1920130 Conqress starts U. S. Navy (1798)

M A Y1 Dewey Manila Bay victor (1898134 U. 5. DDs across (191717 Germans surrender 1194517-8 Battle of Coral Sea 11942127

Stoddert named flrst SecNav (17981

Navy plane crosses Atlantic 1191911 t I ~ € 1 7 r i iv I i i i ~ s n r

JUNE3-6 Bottle of Midway (194216 Invasion of Normandy 11944115 Saipan invaded (19441I 19-20 Battle of Philippine Sea (1944)2 13 14 1 5 16

26127 28 29 3 0

I9 ! 20 1 21 1221 23 JULY.

3 Victoryoff

Santiago 1189819 Invasion of Sicily (1943112 Panama Canal opened (19201'2124-28 Last of Jap Fleet sunk (19451

AUGUST4 Coast Guard founded (1790156 First atomic bomb hits (194517 Invasion of Guadalcanal (1942)15

23 Italy invaded 1194318 Italy surrenders 11943110 Battle of Lake Erie (1813111 Battle of Lake Champlain (1814I 23 Bonhomme Richard-Serapis battle

OCTOBER

Guam retaken by Americans (19441I

I Farragut Mobile Bay victor (18641

Invasion of Southern France I19441

Japs sign surrender paper 119451SEPTEMBER

117791

Academy set up, Annapolis (184510

12 First sub commissioned (1900118 U. 5. Fleet at Yokohama (1908120 Invasion of Leyte (1944)

25

E 6

28

A P R I L5 A iW t O-

3101724

8 ' 915 1622 2329

1

I '1946 M A Y 1946