AdverbGroup members:

1. Dio Akbar Hakim2. Mazaya Btari Gina3. Nadya Guna Pratiwi4. Yasinta Agustina

What is an adverb?

An adverb is a word that is used to change or qualify the meaning of an adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type of word or phrase with the exception of determiners and adjectives that directly modify nouns.

Traditionally considered to be a single part of speech, adverbs perform a wide variety of functions, which makes it difficult to treat them as a single, unified category. Adverbs normally carry out these functions by answering questions such as:

1. When? She always arrives early.2. How? He drives carefully.3. Where? They go everywhere together.4. In what way? She eats slowly.5. To what extent? It is terribly hot.

This is called adverbial function and may be accomplished by adverbial clauses and adverbial phrases as well as by adverbs that stand alone.

There are many rules for using adverbs, and these rules often depend upon which type of adverb you are using. Remember these basics, and using adverbs to make sentences more meaningful will be easier for you.

1. Adverbs can always be used to modify verbs. Notice that the second of these two sentences is much more interesting simply because it contains an adverb:

The dog ran. (You can picture a dog running, but you don’t really know much more about the scene.)

The dog ran excitedly. (You can picture a dog running, wagging its tail, panting happily, and looking glad to see its owner. You can paint a much more interesting picture in your head when you know how or why the dog is running.)

2. Adverbs are often formed by adding the letters “-ly” to adjectives. This makes is very easy to identify adverbs in sentences. There are many exceptions to this rule;everywhere, nowhere, and upstairs are a few examples.

3. An adverb can be used to modify an adjective and intensify the meaning it conveys. For example:

He plays tennis well. (He knows how to play tennis and sometimes he wins.)

He plays tennis extremely well. (He knows how to play tennis so well that he wins often.)

4. As you read the following adverb examples, you’ll notice how these useful words modify other words and phrases by providing information about the place, time, manner, certainty, frequency, or other circumstances of activity denoted by the verbs or verb phrases in the sentences.

Examples of Adverbs

As you read each of the following adverb examples, note that the adverbs have been italicized for easy identification. Consider how replacing the existing adverbs with different ones would change the meaning of each sentence.

She was walking rapidly.

The kids love playing together in the sandbox.

Please come inside now.

His jokes are always very funny.

You don’t really care, do you?

1. Adverb ClausesWhat is an adverb clause?

An adverb clause is a group of words that is used to change or qualify the meaning of an adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type of word or phrase with the exception of determiners and adjectives that directly modify nouns.

Adverb clauses always meet three requirements:

1. First, an adverb clause always contains a subject and a verb.2. Second, adverb clauses contain subordinate conjunctions that prevent them

from containing complete thoughts and becoming full sentences.3. Third, all adverb clauses answer one of the classic “adverb questions:”

When? Why? How?Where?

Adverb Clauses List

When creating adverb clauses, feel free to be creative. The following examples will help you get started.

Even when I’m sickWhen you have finished workingWhenever you likeWherever we preferSince I returned from vacation

As she was not thereSince you always do wellBefore entering high schoolAfter I returnSo that he would understand

Examples of Adverb Clauses

As you read the following adverb clause examples, you’ll notice how these useful phrases modify other words and phrases by providing interesting information about the place, time, manner, certainty, frequency, or other circumstances of activity denoted by the verbs or verb phrases in the sentences. While adverb clauses are slightly more complicated than simple adverbs, they are worth learning about.

The adverb clauses in these examples are italicized for easy identification.

Jennifer scrubbed the bathtub until her arms ached. (This adverb clause describes how Jennifer scrubbed.)

The dogs started chasing my car once they saw it turn the corner. (This adverb clause describes when the dogs started chasing my car.)

After having my wisdom teeth out, I had a milkshake for dinner because I couldn’t chew anything. (This adverb clause describes why I had a milkshake for dinner.)

2. Adverbs of FrequencyWhat is an adverb of frequency?

Adverbs that change or qualify the meaning of a sentence by telling us how often or how frequently something happens are defined as adverbs of frequency.

An adverb of frequency is exactly what it sounds like – an adverb of time. Adverbs of frequency always describe how often something occurs, either in definite or indefinite terms. An adverb that describes definite frequency is one such as weekly, daily, or yearly. An adverb describing indefinite frequency doesn’t specify an exact time frame; examples are sometimes, often, and rarely.

These simple rules for adverbs of frequency will help you to use them correctly:

1. Always use adverbs of frequency to discuss how often something happens.2. Adverbs of frequency are often used to indicate routine or repeated activities,

so they are often used with the present simple tense.3. If a sentence has only one verb, place the adverb of frequency in the middle

of the sentence so that it is positioned after the subject but before the verb. For example: Tom never flies. He always takes the bus.

4. When a sentence contains more than one verb, place the adverb of frequency before the main verb. For example: They have often visited Europe.

5. When using an adverb of frequency in the negative or in forming a question, place it before the main verb. For example: Do you usually get up so late?

Adverbs of Frequency List

This list of adverbs of frequency contains many of the most common; keep in mind though that there are many other words which can serve in this capacity.

AlwaysAnnuallyConstantlyDailyEventuallyEverFrequentlyGenerallyHourlyInfrequentlyLater

MonthlyNeverNextNightlyNormallyNowOccasionallyOftenQuarterlyRarelyRegularly

SometimesSoonThenTodayTonightWeeklyYearlyYesterdayYet

Examples of Adverbs of Frequency

Each sentence contains an example of an adverb of frequency; the examples are italicized for easy identification.

The incubator turns each egg hourly.

We take a vacation at least once annually.

I usually shop for groceries on Saturday mornings.

He is often late for work.

We seldom see John.

My dentist told me I should floss twice daily.

3. Adverbs of MannerWhat is an adverb of manner?

Adverbs of manner describe how something happens. For example, it is possible to walk or run at different speeds. The words used to describe walking or running at different speeds (quickly or slowly for example) are excellent examples of adverbs of manner. They help the reader gain greater insight into the way a written scene is playing out. Comparing the following sentences will help you to understand how these adverbs change the overall meaning of the sentences they’re found in.

The boys ran. (There is no adverb of manner in this sentence, so we can only imagine how fast the boys are running.)

The boys ran quickly. (The adverb of manner is quickly. It tells us that the boys are in a hurry.)

The boys were tired, so they ran more slowly than before. (The adverb of manner is slowly. It tells us that the boys are running, but they aren’t covering as much ground as they were before.)

There are a few rules to remember regarding adverbs of manner:

1. When using these adverbs, be careful not to place them between the object and the verb. They often fit best after the sentence’s object or main verb.

2. If there is a preposition before the object, the adverb of manner may be placed either before the preposition or after the sentence’s object.

3. Add emphasis by placing an adverb of manner before both the verb and object, and when these adverbs are placed at the beginning of a sentence, they catch the reader’s attention.

4. As you read the following examples of adverbs of manner, you will notice how the same adverb can lend different meanings to sentences containing nearly the exact same set of words.

Adverbs of Manner List

The following list of adverbs of manner contains 123 single-word adverbs of manner; this is just a sample, as adverbs of manner actually form the largest of all groups of adverbs.

accidentally

angrily

anxiously

awkwardly

badly

beautifully

boldly

bravely

brightly

busily

calmly

carefully

cautiously

cheerfully

clearly

closely

correctly

cruelly

daringly

deliberately

doubtfully

eagerly

easily

elegantly

enormously

equally

eventually

exactly

faithfully

fast

fatally

fiercely

fondly

foolishly

fortunately

frantically

generously

gently

gladly

gracefully

greedily

happily

hard

hastily

honestly

hungrily

hurriedly

inadequately

ingeniously

innocently

inquisitively

irritably

joyously

justly

kindly

lazily

loosely

loudly

madly

mortally

mysteriously

neatly

nervously

noisily

obediently

openly

painfully

patiently

perfectly

politely

poorly

powerfully

promptly

punctually

quickly

quietly

rapidly

rarely

really

recklessly

regularly

reluctantly

repeatedly

rightfully

roughly

rudely

sadly

safely

selfishly

sensibly

seriously

sharply

shyly

silently

sleepily

slowly

smoothly

so

softly

speedily

stealthily

sternly

straight

stupidly

successfully

suddenly

suspiciously

swiftly

tenderly

tensely

thoughtfully

tightly

truthfully

unexpectedly

victoriously

violently

vivaciously

warmly

weakly

wearily

well wildly wisely

 

Examples of Adverbs of Manner

The adverb of manner in each example has been italicized for easy identification.

He quickly agreed to go to the store for milk. (His agreement was quick) He agreed to go to the store for milk quickly. (He would go to the store

quickly) She quietly asked me to leave the room. (Her request was quiet) She asked me to leave the room quietly. (I am not going to make noise when I

leave) The doctor woke the gently sleeping patient. (The patient was sleeping gently) The doctor gently woke the sleeping patient. (The doctor was gentle while

waking the patient)

5. Adverbs of PlaceWhat is an adverb of place?

Adverbs that change or qualify the meaning of a sentence by telling us where things happen are defined as adverbs of place. Some instructors refer to these words or phrases as spatial adverbs. No matter what they are called, these adverbs always answer one important question: Where?

These simple rules for adverbs of place will help you to use them the right way:

1. An adverb of place always talks about the location where the action of the verb is being carried out.

2. Adverbs of place are normally placed after a sentence’s object or main verb.3. Adverbs of place can be directional. For example: Up, down, around, away,

north, southeast4. Adverbs of place can refer to distances. For example: Nearby, far away, miles

apart5. An adverb of place can indicate an object’s position in relation to another

object. For example: Below, between, above, behind, through, around and so forth.

6. Many adverbs of place indicate movement in a particular direction and end in the letters “-ward or -wards”. For example: Toward, forward, backward, homeward, westward, eastwards onwards

Adverbs of Place List

As you read through the examples this adverbs of place list contains, think about how they denote location or movement. With some consideration, you are likely to come up with some additional terms on your own.

Abroad

Across

Ahead

Back

Backwards

Beyond

Down

Downwards

Eastwards

Everywhere

Here

In

Indoors

Inside

Outside

Overseas

There

West

Yonder

Examples of Adverbs of Place

Each sentence contains an example of an adverb of place; the examples are italicized for easy identification. As you read these examples, you will notice that some of the adverbs of place contain more than one word.

Put the cake there.

After a long day at work, we headed homewards.

Please bring that book here.

My grandfather’s house is nearby.

6. Adverbs of TimeWhat is an adverb of time?

Adverbs that change or qualify the meaning of a sentence by telling us when things happen are defined as adverbs of time.

An adverb of time is just what you might expect it to be – a word that describes when, for how long, or how often a certain action happened. You will notice that many adverbs of time are the same as adverbs of frequency. There is quite a bit of overlap between these two types of adverbs – so much so that some instructors choose to mention one or the other but not both.

These simple rules for adverbs of time will help you to use them the right way:

1. Adverbs of time often work best when placed at the end of sentences. For example:

Robin Hood swindled the Sheriff of Nottingham yesterday. I’m sick of living in chaos, so I’m going to clean my house tomorrow. You can change the position of an adverb of time to lend emphasis to a

certain aspect of a sentence. For example: Later Robin Hood stole the king’s crown. (The time is the most important

element here.) Robin Hood later stole the king’s crown. (This is a formal way to use the

adverb later. Notice how the statement sounds like it belongs in a police report.)

Robin Hood stole the king’s crown later. (This is a neutral, standard way to use the adverb later.)

2. Adverbs of time describing for how long an action occurred usually work best at the end of a sentence. For example:

She stayed at her grandmother’s house all day. My father was up with heartburn for hours.

3. Adverbs of time that express an exact number of times the action happens usually work best at the end of a sentence. For example:

The newspaper arrives daily. They go out to dinner weekly. Our family goes on an outing monthly.

1. When using more than one adverb of time in a sentence, use them in the following order:

How long How often When

For example: She volunteered at the hospital (1) for three days (2) every month (3)last year.

Adverbs of Time List

After reading this list of adverbs of time, you may be able to come up with several more on your own. Remember that adverbs of time always tell us when, how long, and how often something happens.

When:

Yesterday

Today

Tomorrow

Later

Last year

Now

How long:

All morning

For hours

Since last week

How often:

Frequently

Never

Sometimes

Often

Annually

 

Examples of Adverbs of Time

Each sentence contains an example of an adverb of time; the examples are italicized for easy identification.

Are you coming to work tomorrow?

I’d like to go to the movies later.

Jim was so sick he spent four weeks in the hospital.

7. Adverb of DegreeWhat is an adverb of degree?

An adverb of degree is used to discuss the degree or intensity of an adjective, an action, or another adverb. There are so many adverbs of degree that it’s impossible to list them all in one short guide. Some common examples of adverbs of degree follow.

Almost

Absolutely

Barely

Completely

Deeply

Enough

Enormously

Extremely

Fairly

Fully

Greatly

Hardly

Incredibly

Practically

Quite

Scarcely

Somewhat

Terribly

Virtually

Adverbs of degree are important modifiers. As you will soon see, they are usually placed before the word they are modifying.

Examples of Adverbs of Degree

Adverbs of degree allow you to be very specific when writing, no matter what the purpose. In the following examples, the adverbs of degree have been italicized for ease of identification.

They were almost finished.

This cake is absolutely wonderful.

The temperature was barely above freezing.

Our driveway is completely frozen.

We felt incredibly lucky after winning tickets to the World Series.

My teacher is terribly grumpy today. 

SOURCE

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org

http://www.reference.com/example-sentences/words/

http://www.eclecticenglish.com/grammar/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/flatmates/

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/