America In The Beginning

Who were the first Americans?

How and why did they come here?

30,000 years ago During a period of low temperatures

called an ______iceage____

The world was covered in _______glaciers__

or sheets of ice.

This caused ocean levels to lower________ and expose

____land______.In the Bering straight a _______landbridge________ appeared connecting ___________siberia__asia__& the

americans_______________

This land bridge is known as

_____peringia_____.

Animals like mammoths crossed the bridge or ________migrated___ to the America's.

Hunter's in Asia who moved from place to place to

find food or _____nomads________ followed the mammoths and spread out or

______migrated_____ to the America's

The ice age ended

________warming____ up glaciers

causing water levels to

____rise______ covering up

the __landbridge_______ ________.

Some animals died off like mammals____________.

Living in many different parts of the Americas the Natives needed

to adjust or ______adapt___ to

every thing in the new

surrounds that made up each of

their own ____enviroment___

______in order to ________survive__.

What happened when they came to America?

How did they meet their new needs?

America In The Beginning

America In The Beginning

Living in many different parts of the Americas the Natives used the different natural ____resources_______ in their own different environments for food, clothing, and shelter.

Different groups in different

environments developed their own beliefs and ways of life or

_________culture______. Groups in the

same environments

adapted similar life styles, and

language creating ___cultural region____

_________.

Many Native American have these things in common.1. Nature has a _____spirit and many gods___.2. No one can own _______land___.3. Only use what is ______needed____.4. _trade_________ was important to most societies

How did Native Americans adjust to the new environments?

What did they have in common?

8 Cultural Regions

North West Coast

California

Plateau

Great Basin

South West

Great Plains

Eastern Woodlands

South East

8 Cultural Regions

North West Coast Weather:long cold winterscool summersheavy rainfall

Natural Resources:ocean/beachesthick forests of fir, spruce, and cedarrugged mountainsseafood/salmondeer, moose, bear, elk, beaver, mountain goats

Culture:

Tools:Used cedar canoes to huntFenced in salmon laying eggsused cedar to make rope, mats and baskets, shell needles used wedges, sledge hammers, drills, and knifes to carve wooden masks

Clothing:Cedar water proof clothing like capes with decorative shell buttons

Shelter: lived near the coastcedar Long Houses with cedar bark roofs

California Weather: rainy wintershot dry summers

Natural Resources:ocean/coastfoothillsvalley'sdesertsmountainsacorns, oak treesgrass, and plantsredwood trees

salmon/seafood/shellfishdeer, rabbits, ducks, roots berries, pine nuts

Culture:ToolsUsed Bows& arrows, snares, and netsused cooking stones to heat acorn meal tools from antlers

Clothing: grass/leather aprons and skirts

Shelter: Cone shaped made of redwood bark, pole, and reeds woven into mats

Great Basin Weather:little rainhot during the day cold at nightNatural Resources:

mostly dessertlow areas surrounded by mountains at the edgeswith valleys that had seasonal lakes and streams

plants that need little water likegrasses, sagebrush, pinon trees, at the outer edges pine trees, and willow

small animals rabbits, lizards, grasshoppers, snakes sometimes ducks , duck eggs during certain seasons seeds,berries pine nuts, roots, cattail

Culture:Tools: water baskets sealed with tree sap. Floating duck decoys, nets, sharp sticks, flat baskets for catching seeds

Clothing: rabbit robes in winter

Shelter: Nomadic temporary cone shelters of willow, brush and reeds

Plateau Weather:long cold winterscomfortable summers

Natural Resources:mountains with dense forests in areasflatter in the center with drier grass landsrivers

driftwood, mud, dirt,grass and sage brushfish, antelope, deer, seedsonions, carrots, camas roots, salmon

Culture:Tools: woven baskets, willow digging sticks, wooden fishing platforms, nets, and spears for salmon

Clothing: antelope and deer hides leggings, dresses and skirts, woven hats, seed and shell designs

Shelter: near rivers, partly under ground out of driftwood, mud, sap, and reeds

Great Plains Weather:cold winters hot summers

Natural Resources:mountains surrounding edgestreeless grasslands in the centereast more water and softer soilwest drier dense grass

Buffalo and smaller animals

Tools: bow made of buffalo tendon, arrows, V shaped stone trap, fire, bone knives, shields,

Clothing: Buffalo robes and hides

Shelter: Houses called tipis (plains word for dwelling)

South West

Weather:high temperatureslittle rain dry/arid

Natural Resources:mountains, canyonsdesserts, flat top mesasrivers, little water

clay, brightly colored plants, cottoncorn, beans, squash, peppers, rabbits

Houses: made of bricks of adobe(sun baked clay). Up to 4 stories and had hundreds of rooms.

Clothes: made of cotton. Using plants to dyed the fabric

Tools: Lived in flooded areas. Men dug irrigation ditches, and dams to hold summer rain.

Women were grinding corn kernels into cornmeal. They used clay pots to cook chili pepper stews

Eastern Woodlands

Weather:snowy winters , rain

Natural Resources:rivers, ocean/coastlots of lakes and streams

Forests, plants, maple trees, elm,

deer, bears, beavers, birds, fishcorn, sunflowers, tobacco, vegetables,nuts, berries

House: Long house sturdy, log-framed houses covered with elm bark, about 20 feet wide and over 100 feet long. Several related families live in sections of the house.

clothing: Skirts, capes, and moccasins made of deer skins.

tools: Ground corn with wooden sticks , used wooden canoes, speared fish. For farming land, men burnt small sections of trees and underbrush. Women used hoes for planting. Made maple syrup and wooden storage canisters.

South East

Weather:long warm humid summersmild winters

Natural Resources:rivers, ocean/coastFertile coastal plainsmountains, swamps

Trees, clay, shells, corn, beans, squash, pumpkins, sunflowers, sweet potatoessquirrels, rabbits, turkeys, deer, alligators, turtles,wild rice, persimmons

Houses: made from strips of young trees woven into a rectangular frame, then plastered with clay. These houses had pointed roofs made of leaves.

Towns included many mounds which as burial sights and used as platforms for temples.

clothing: made of deer skin. Jewelry made of stones, shells, feathers, pearls, bones, and clay.

Tools: used hoes made of stone, shell or animal shoulder blades. Hunted using small blow guns, bows and arrows.