Aligning CSR Strategy with the Development Agenda

Hyderabad, 14, July, 2014

Srinivas Chary, Dean of Research, ASCI schary@asci.org.in

Session outline India’s development agenda –

status, gaps and priorities

How to structure and align CSR interventions for greater impact?

Case study – Pune

Video

Lessons

Corporate Social Responsibility

CSR was once confined as a part of corporate

philanthropy, which now has changed and defined as a

“Corporate social responsibility is the commitment of

businesses to contribute to sustainable economic

development by working with employees, their families,

the local community and society at large, to improve

their lives in ways that are good for business and for

development”

Source: LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT; PARLIAMENT LIBRARY AND REFERENCE, RESEARCH, DOCUMENTATIONAND INFORMATION SERVICE (LARRDIS); Corporate Social Responsibility; REFERENCE Note No. 11/RN/Ref. 2013

The Private Sector is emerging as a development partner – now on the threshold of a new phase:

Core Business

Pro-poor business models / inclusive

markets

Developmentbenefits

Business benefits

Philanthropy

CSR / Social investment

• Contribution of financial or in-kind resources to development projects

• Social investment that facilitates business objectives and the achievement of the MDGs

• Enterprise solutions that accelerate and sustain access by the poor to needed goods and services and to income generating opportunities and that contribute to economic empowerment.

Risk

New Phase Private sector is a key development

partner

Inclusive markets – access by the poor for goods and services and to income generating activities – e.g. Amul, HL

Defining Development Priorities

Discussions – 10-15 min

India’s Development Challenges MDG compliance

Millennium Development Goals In the year 2000 a total of 189 members states(countries) of the United Nations agreed upon to achieve 8 international development goals by the year 2015India - 8 goals, 12 targets and 35 indicators

The two major goals - Goal 4 & Goal 7 are moderately off track and it is forecasted that these goals will not achievable by

India by 2015

Goals related to Children - Goal 2, Goal 4, Goal 5, Goal 7

Development Agenda Need for more focus

Declining Poverty but increasing inequality Persisting malnutrition among children Improving survival rate in primary education Gender parity in wages Improving immunization coverage Child mortality Maternal mortality Access to safe sanitation (and water) and prevention

of open defecation

Source : National Statistical Commission

The day everyone of us gets a toilet to use, I shall know that our country reached the pinnacle of progress….

Jawaharlal Nehru

Singapore

Gabon

Botsw ana

Mauritius

RomaniaPanama

KazakhstanUkraine

Namibia

China

Paraguay

Bolivia

Sri Lanka

SamoaTonga

Congo, Rep.

Philippines

Mongolia

India

Vietnam

Pakistan

Uzbekistan

Mauritania

Sudan

Nigeria

Tajikistan

Kenya

Zambia

BangladeshTanzania

Mali

Nepal

Malaw i

Sierra Leone

NigerEritrea

Burundi

R2 = 0.649

0

20

40

60

80

100

100 1000 10000 100000

GDP per capita PPP (current international $) (Log Scale)

% o

f po

pu

latio

n w

ith a

cce

ss to

imp

rove

d s

an

itatio

n

Scatter-plot of % of population with access to improved sanitation and GDP per capita PPP (current international $)

[

Source: World Development Indicators, 2006

India’s progress is lower than some of the other countries with similar or lower per capital GDP

India’s Relative Performance

Burden of Disease

In India, 80 % of Disease and Sickness are Due to Water Borne and Water Related Diseases

- WHO

Open Defecation and Human Height

% of Households without toilets

India’s National Family and health Surveys

Data from India’s National Family and health Surveys being compared with other Demographic and Health Surveys of various developing countries. The three large circles in the graph depict the scale of open defecation in comparison to other developing countries

Infant Child Mortality

Source: The Times of India, Hyderabad, 22nd February, 2008

NTPCRural Electrification Corporation Limited

NHDC Limited Eastern Coal fields Limited

Greater Impact

Development Goals

Existing CSR interventions

High impact CSR Align with development goals of the

region –metrics / development plan Use CSR investments as a catalyzing

agent for change – Low cost /high impact

Capitalize existing GOI interventions /schemes – facilitate convergence

Capacity building Measuring results

1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

2. Indra Awas Yojana (IAY)3. National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)4. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)5. National Social Assistance Programme6. Mid Day Meal (MDM) Scheme7. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)8. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission 9. Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP)10. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)11. Integrated Child Development Schemes (ICDS)12. Backward Region Grant Fund (BRGF)13. National Health Mission14. Restructured – Accelerated Power Development Programme

(R-APDP)15. Rajiv Gandhi Grameena Vidyuthikaran Yojana (RGGVY)16. Rajeev Gandhi Drinking Water and sanitation Mission

Flagship Programmes of Govt.. Of India in 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17)

Key takeaways – High impact CSR Align CSR with development needs – eg. WinS

Use CSR investment for catalyzing change and scaling up impact – e.g handwashing /O&M/bechmarking/M&E

Create neutral platform and advisory team

Smart partnerships

Capacity enhancement – training, study tours etc.

Institute strong monitoring and measurement system for results

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools (WinS)A compelling development need

Population Dynamics

In the year 2015, India is going to have about 29% of population between the age of 0-14, which Is SCHOOL GOING AGE

Ch

ild

ren

WinS in India

• 110 plus million school-going children who need sustained access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities in over 1.5 million schools across 644 districts

• Considerable progress in recent years, but

• Many schools still do not have access to safe drinking water, sanitation facilities and hygiene education.

Background

In India, there are 14,12,178 schools across 644 districts.

76.36% i.e. 10,78,407 schools are government schools.

Almost half of the schools i.e. 51.6% are managed by

Department of Education.

5.25 % are managed by Tribal/Social Welfare Department.

Local bodies manage about 17.46% of schools.

Around 12,14,282 schools are located in Rural India which is

about 85.99% of total schools in the country

Source: DISE 2011-12: Flash Statistics

Acronyms & terms to know WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WinS WASH in Schools

What is WASH in schools?Access to sufficient quantities of safe

water: Drinking Hand-washing and personal hygiene

Sufficient water for: Cleaning Cooking, flushing toilets, school gardens, etc when

appropriate

Toilet facilities that are: Child-friendly, gender-specific, culturally and

environmentally appropriate, private, safe, and well maintained

WASH in schools (2)Personal hygiene materials

Water for washing, soap, sanitary pads, etc

Hygiene education Curriculum, lesson plans, role play, group activities, wall-

paintings, competitions, radio spots

Safe disposal of solid wasteControl measures to reduce transmission and

morbidity of WASH-related illnesses Approaches to control vector borne disease Diarrhoea prevention and management, De-worming

campaigns, nutritional supplements

WASH in Schools (3)Human Resources:

A system of capacity building in place for Administrators and Teachers

Teachers with WinS Orientation Lead Teachers trained in WinS

implementation WinS on the agenda of the School

Management CommitteeMonitoring:

WinS embedded in the monitoring system of NBA and SSA

Why WASH in Schools ?

Impacts related to WASH in schools

Health

Diarrhea Soil transmitted helminths Trachoma, scabies Acute respiratory infection

Non-health

Educational attainment Absenteeism Attrition Concentration Test scores

Water availability Dehydration

Privacy and safety Menstrual management

Equity:• Gender• Socio-economic status

• World Health Organization reports, children under three years old experience on average three episodes of diarrhea and acting as an agent for children to be extremely malnourished .

•Diarrhea caused an estimated 1,36,000 child deaths in 2012 alone. (UNICEF, 2013)

•Diarrhea is a leading cause of malnutrition in children under five years old (WHO, 2013)

•1 in 3 of the world's malnourished children lives in India. ( WHO, 2013)

•47 % of children in India are underweight and at least 16 % are wasted. (UNICEF)

Causes: Diarrhoea is a symptom of infections caused by a host of

bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms, most of which are spread by feces contaminated water

Diarrhea and its impacts in India

Open Defecation and issues of Stunting in Children

69.3% of rural India defecate in open. Research indicates that sanitation plays an important

role on child’s height (Dean Spears and Sen). Field experiments in Maharashtra have shown that children

exposed to sanitation motivation and better sanitation facilities grew taller than children who have not received it.

Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) has reduced infant mortality rate and has increased children's height.

(Spears, 2012a)

Long term impacts of Stunting (WHO) : cumulative effects of under nutrition chronic restriction of child's growth children's cognitive thinking procedure.

Why WASH in Schools ?

National Policy

• Right to Education: guarantees separate toilets for girls and

boys and safe and adequate drinking water in schools. Article

18 in 2009 The Act also suggests a safe, clean and child friendly school environment

with child centric system that fosters overall development of a child

• Supreme Court Order (2011) “It is imperative that all schools

must provide toilet facilities; empirical researches have

indicated that wherever toilet facilities are not provided in the

schools, parents do not send their children (particularly girls)

to schools’’.

What is the scale of the problem?

WinS - The Indian Scenario (1)

Huge number to reach - 1.4 million schools

Monitoring – where, how, who

Operation and maintenance – funds, system, responsibility

Sustainability Infrastructure quality Equitable access

Status of WinS in India: Drinking Water

Number of schools having drinking water facility is increased from 9.35 lakh (83.2%) in 2005-06 to 13.33 lakh (94.4%) in 2010-11

Source: Flash Statistics –DISE, 2005-06 to 2011-12 , NUEPA, New Delhi

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-120

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

935,3561,015,801

1,085,033

1,128,299

1,219,574 1,263,008

1,333,793

83.284.9

86.787.8

92.6 92.7

94.4

Number of schools having drinking water facility% of schools having drinking water facility

Number of schools

in

%

Coverage vs. Functionality – e.g water

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

28.24

32.75

37.42

42.58

50.5553.6

58.8260.28

84.48

Number of states

130814

National Average- 2.83%Best- 0% 6 states (Delhi, Tamil Nadu and 4 UTsWorse- 31. 87 % Meghalaya

Percentage of children deprived from drinking water facility to total enrolment 2011-12

•2.80 million boys and 2.83 million girls , total 5.63 million children (2.83 % children of total enrolment) are deprived from drinking water facility in schools

Source: Calculation based on DISE, 2011-12,NUEPA, New Delhi

Rajasthan3.35

Tripura13.76

Mizoram8.21

Manipur3.57

Nagaland20.34

Arunachal Pradesh10.57

Sikkim1.69

Jammu & Kashmir10.13

Uttar Pradesh0.76

West Bengal1.35

NCT of Delhi0.00Haryana0.21

Uttarakhand2.34

Chandigarh0.00Punjab0.01

Himachal Pradesh0.67

Bihar3.52

Dadra & Nagar Haveli0.28

Puducherry0.00

Tamil Nadu0.00

Kerala0.29

Lakshadweep0.00

Goa0.17Karnataka0.40

Meghalaya31.87

Maharashtra2.31

Assam17.98

Daman & Diu0.00

Gujarat0.00Madhya Pradesh1.46

Chhattisgarh4.80Orissa3.55

Jharkhand6.10

Andaman & Nicobar Islands1.04

Andhra Pradesh6.64

Total Less than 0.50% (13)0.51%-2.50% (8)More than 2.50% (14)

Availability of toilet facility (any type) by management and area , 2011-12

Out of 14.12 lakh schools only

2,35,010 Schools (17.64%) do not

have any type of toilet facility , out of

them 1,84,820 schools are Government

schools

1,71,691 (17.19%) Government

schools in rural area do not have any

type of toilet facility

24.32 million (12.36 million boys and

11.96 girls ) are deprived from any

type toilet facility

Source: Calculated from raw data

  Rural Urban Total

Govt. 82.81 83.47 82.86

Pvt. 80.45 93.39 84.95

Total 82.39 89.40 83.36

Percentage of schools

In states like Bihar, West Bengal, Maharashtra, one toilet is used by more than 100 students.

NGP Study, CMS, 2010

41.057.5

65.9 68.085.6 88.6

103.6113.6

126.8

145.3 149.3

242.5

89.5

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

200.0

220.0

240.0

260.0

Kera

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Him

acha

l Pra

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Andh

ra P

rade

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Hary

ana

Raja

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Utta

r Pra

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Mah

aras

htra

Karn

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National Average- 22.77%Best- 0% ChandigarhWorse- 57.15 % Meghalaya

Percentage of girls deprived from separate toilet facility to total enrolment 2010-12

Source: Calculation based on DISE, 2011-12,NUEPA, New Delhi

Rajasthan3.07

Tripura31.89

Mizoram29.81

Manipur10.64

Nagaland22.91

Arunachal Pradesh39.98

Sikkim10.61

Jammu & Kashmir51.91

Uttar Pradesh20.76

West Bengal31.24

NCT of Delhi1.56Haryana4.35

Uttarakhand21.65

Chandigarh0.00Punjab6.71

Himachal Pradesh2.70

Bihar46.11

Dadra & Nagar Haveli16.80

Puducherry1.94

Tamil Nadu12.61

Kerala12.58

Lakshadweep18.54

Goa12.17Karnataka2.63

Meghalaya57.15

Maharashtra12.82

Assam43.57

Daman & Diu13.93

Gujarat0.26Madhya Pradesh19.66

Chhattisgarh39.36Orissa52.77

Jharkhand29.93

Andaman & Nicobar Islands6.04

Andhra Pradesh27.30Total 10% or less than 10% (10)10.01-25.00% (13)More than 25% (12)

Dysfunctional toilets

Dysfunctional toilets

Functionality

Source : Analytical Tables,2011-12, NUEPA

DISE ASER0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

69.7

49.1

12.5

38.7

17.812.2

Funtional girls toilet Toilet available but not functioning Not Available

What are the bottlenecks in delivery of WinS?

What are the key bottlenecks in wins? Coverage gaps/inadequacy Functionality and poor O & M costs Equity – boys and girls, challenged Water availability Technical skills – construction, child friendly designs etc Capacity gaps Lack of Awareness - behaviour related concerns Water quality issues Lack of hand-washing facilities with soap Budgets – low unit cost Convergence Data gaps Monitoring

Development goal

WASH in Schools for ALL

Institutionalizing handwashing with soap before the Mid Day

Meal

Source: Fewtrell et al., 2005

Handwashing with soap: Key evidences

One-third of deaths in among children in India is due to diarrhoea and respiratory infections.

Handwashing with soap : one of the most cost‐effective interventions to prevent diarrhoeal related deaths and disease (Cairncross and Valdmanis 2006).

Handwashing at critical times (before eating or preparing food and after using the toilet ‐ can reduce diarrhoea rates by almost 40 per cent (3IE 2009).

handwashing in institutions such as primary schools and daycare centers reduce the incidence of diarrhoea by an average of 30 per cent (Cochrane 2008).

Handwashing promotion in schools: reducing absenteeism among primary school children. In China, promotion and distribution of soap in primary schools resulted in 54% fewer days of absence among students compared to schools without such an intervention (Bowen et al 2007)

What is Fit For School Innovative school health concept. Simple and modular Focus on daily skill based activities rather than

health education.(tooth brushing, handwashing, deworming)

Active involvement of non-health professionals (teachers)

Very cost effective

The concept (FIT FOR SCHOOL, Philippines)

• Children make eye contact, receive and share messages on the importance of this practice (positive aspiration), which includes all peers (equity)

• It is a fun activity

Health, attendance impact from this program

Simple designs and scalable approach

Part of school daily time table

Institutionalizing mass handwashing with soap in India

What is required: • Simple multiple handwashing stands in every school.

• Include mass handwashing with soap before MDM by all children, teachers and cooks.

• Make soaps available on a sustained basis. • Designated time before the MDM is served• Make teachers monitor this practice and SMCs responsible

for oversight. • Effective Monitoring(sms based or other methods) at the

national level - Child Cabinets can support in data validation.

Mid Day Meal provides an excellent platform to reach 110 million children in 1.4 million schools

in India

Group Hand washing facility costs Rs. 8000/-

Institutionalising Child Cabinet

Key interventions

Training

Information Support

Benchmarking

Recognition and Award

Strengthening supply side

Convergence through DAP

Peer learning

Service Level Benchmarking to Promote Universal Access to Water and Sanitation in Schools

What is benchmarking? Benchmarking is a process of

Measuring performance and practices in key areas,

comparing them with best practice subsequent translation of this best

practice into use (by introducing infra, capacities, process);

leading to superior performance – Performance improvement

Benchmarking – Improving by Comparing

“BEST IN CLASS” -> TARGET

Performance at present ?

or is performance here?

or… here?

Water Supply Source of safe and reliable

drinking water Availability of safe and reliable

drinking water Availability of water for

personal hygiene Quality of water

Sanitation Separate toilet for boys and

girls Functional toilet facilities for

day schools and residential schools

Adequate number of functional toilets for boys and girls and children with special needs

Monitoring Maintenance of water storage Monitoring food preparation Cleaning of toilets and

classrooms Supervision and reporting

mechanisms for cleaning staff Cleaning and maintenance plan Clean and safe school

environment Safe disposal of waste water Hygiene promotion

Indicator GROUPS

Hygiene Separate hand wash facilities

for use after toilet and after meals

Provision for hand wash (toilets)

Provision for hand wash (meals)

Provision of soap Hygiene education Safe midday meal facilities Safe disposal of solid waste

• Daily routines

to promote healthy habits

• Incremental

improvements

• Meeting

national standards

THE THREE STAR APPROACH

INDICATOR GROUPS

Benchmarking

School Sanitatio

n

Water

Hygiene

Food Safety

Monitoring

Sanitation

17 Indicators across 5 groups

Benchmarking - ProcessBenchmarking indicators developed during the course being

tested in 305 schools of Unakoti district, Tripura

Results of Benchmarking Exercise in East Godavari and Unakoti Districts

East Godavari Unakoti

1 Star Schools

7 83

No Star Schools

197 222

25

125

225

325N

o o

f S

ch

ools

teste

d

Source: ASCI, 2013

Agents of ChangeWho are they ?Where are they situated ?What is their role?What is their influence?

Needs assessment frameworkSTATE

DISTRICT

VILLAGE

MANDAL

Lo

w

POWER

High

•Director, Panchayati Raj Dept. •State/District Coordinator-NBA

•Executive Engineer, PHED •Additional Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Parishad

•Secretary, MDWS •Director, WSSO

•Minister, MDWS •DRDA Consultant

•State Minister for school education (SE) •Director, RWS

•State Minister for school education (PE &SSA) •Child cabinet, Teachers, Headmaster, SMC, Parents,

•Secretaries - School education and Literacy, Sanitation , Water Supply

•Village Education Committee, Gram Panchayat Secretary

•District Education Officer •SE, RWS

•District Magistrate/District Collector •State/District Project Officer/s, SSA

•Deputy Education Officer •PD, CCDU

•MPS, MLAs •NGOs

•Minister, MHRD •PO, ICDS

•Media •PD, State Water and Sanitation Mission (SWSM)

•Municipal Commissioner •District Water and Sanitation Mission (DWSM)

KEEP SATISFIED MANAGE CLOSELY

MONITOR KEEP INFORMED•Additional Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Parishad

•Additional District Magistrate

•District Development Officer •Education Professionals

•District Project Coordinator, Education Dept •CEO, Zilla Parishad

•Mandal Parishad Development Officer •Project Director, DRDA

•Cluster Resource Person •Mandal Education Officer

Low INTEREST/CONCERN High

Certification Programme - Illustration

Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan – Sanitation coordinators & motivators

Potential change campaignsNeed critical mass in each districtCertification course

Standardization Knowledge gain measured

ADDRESSING CAPACITY NEEDS

In response to the capacity needs for effective

delivery of WASH, UNICEF and ASCI with the

support of Ministry of Drinking Water and

Sanitation (MDWS), Government of India are

launching :

Leadership course for professionals in the field of Water,

Sanitation and Hygiene.

The Course is aimed at enhancing skills and knowledge for effective planning and management of WinS

Adapted from the WASH in Schools e- course, developed by the Centre forGlobal Safe Water, Rollins School of PublicHealth, Emory University and UNICEF New York.

Certification Course Phase 1 – 3 days – Face to face training Phase 2 – 2 months – Field Project Report (FPR)

Vision : Critical mass of change champions to achieve WinS outcomes

WinS Leadership Course

THE LAUNCH – Aug 4, 2013

Other events and modes of delivery Short term programmes for officers at the

state and district level, principals etc Sensitization workshops for Administrators

and Politicians Blended learning – Video Conference

through NIC E-learning models Study tours Peer learning

Achieving scale Retail to wholesale Partnerships

LBSNAA – to reach out to administrators – MOU

State ATI – Field officers, school principals Key resource centres – 24 nos – TOT

Our short term mission : About 50 institutes are ready to deliver WinS CB programmes

District Action Plan (DAP)

District Action Plan (DAP) is a comprehensive

medium term plan

Prepared in a consultative framework

Aimed at achieving WinS vision and goals

Assesses the current status of school

Strategies for improving infrastructure, financing,

capacity building, and institutional framework

Schemes for financing WASH and Capacity building Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA)

Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA)

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)

Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP)

NAREGA

Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWS)

Public Health Engineering Department (PHED)

CSR