FINAL REPORT

AFRICAN LIVESTOCK CONFERENCE AND

EXHIBITION (ALiCE 2013)

HELD ON 26th – 28th JUNE, 2013 AT SAFARI

PARK HOTEL – NAIROBI, KENYA

Theme: ‘Towards a Competitive and

Sustainable World-class Livestock Sector’

alice2013@livestockafrica.com

www.livestockafrica.com

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CONTENTS

ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................................... 3 CONFERENCE OPENING ............................................................................................................... 4 SESSION ONE: THE GLOBAL LIVESTOCK SITUATION ....................................................... 12

Opportunities for a sustainable and competitive livestock sector in Africa ................................ 12 Animal health and welfare in a changing trade and food security environment in Africa .......... 13

One Goal: Different Routes; Towards Improved Livestock Health ............................................ 15 Plenary Discussions ..................................................................................................................... 17

SESSION TWO: LIVESTOCK SECTOR POLICIES AND ECONOMICS .................................. 19 Policy Framework for Pastoralism in Africa ............................................................................... 19 Linking farmers to (high value) livestock product markets: Opportunities and challenges in

Southern and Eastern Africa ........................................................................................................... 21

Investing in African Livestock: Business opportunities in 2030-2050 ........................................ 23

Plenary Discussions ..................................................................................................................... 25 SESSION THREE: LIVESTOCK FARMING FOR GLOBAL MARKET .................................... 26

A new approach to livestock service delivery ............................................................................. 26 Drawing from the indigenous African livestock genomes - a dart aimed at sustainability ......... 29

Towards a competitive and sustainable African world class livestock: ...................................... 30 Plenary Discussions ..................................................................................................................... 32

SESSION FOUR: A LOOK AT DAIRY, BEEF, POULTRY AND PIGS VALUE CHAINS ...... 35 Unleashing the potential of admix crossbred dairy cattle populations: ....................................... 35 The untapped potential: the pig sector in Kenya ......................................................................... 38

Metabolic Disorders in Dairy Cow: Nutritional Manipulations .................................................. 40 The Kuroiler chicken as a means of reducing poverty and providing nutritional security in

Uganda ............................................................................................................................................. 42 General comments, questions and answers .................................................................................. 43

SESSION FIVE: LIVESTOCK SECTOR; FEEDING AFRICA .................................................... 44 Kenya Animal Genetics Resource Centre.................................................................................... 44 Aflatoxins: Impact on Livestock and Livestock Trade ................................................................ 46

Genetic resources for family poultry production in India ............................................................ 48 General comments, questions and answers .................................................................................. 49

SESSION SIX: TOWARDS A COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK SECTOR 50 Growing away from Grants – African Livestock Catalytic Fund ................................................ 50 Sustainable livestock. For People, for the Planet ......................................................................... 53

General comments, questions and answers .................................................................................. 54 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................. 55

FIELD TRIPS .................................................................................................................................. 56 Brookside livestock breeders show and sale 2013 ....................................................................... 56

Kenya Animal Genetic Resources Centre (KAGRC) .................................................................. 57 Tassells Cattle Farms ................................................................................................................... 59 Isinya Poultry Farm and Animal Feed Manufacturers ................................................................. 63

LIST OF SPONSORS, PARTNERS AND SUPPORTERS ............................................................ 64 ANNEXE I: CONFERENCE PROGRAM ...................................................................................... 66

ANNEXE II: LIST OF EXHIBITORS ............................................................................................ 72 ANNEXE III: List of Participants.................................................................................................... 73

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ACRONYMS

AI Artificial Insemination

AU African Union

AU-IBAR African Union Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources

BMC Botswana Meat Commission

CAIS Central Artificial Insemination Station

CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

EAFF Eastern Africa Farmers Federation

EASZ East African Shorthorn Zebu

ESADA Eastern and Southern Africa Dairy Association

FAO Food and Agricultural Organization

GALVmed Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines

ILRI International Livestock Research Institute

KAGRC Kenya Animal Genetic Resources Centre

KCC Kenya Co-operative Creameries

KLPA Kenya Livestock Producers Association

NTBs Non-Tariff Barriers

OiE World Organization for Animal Health

PPP Public Private Partnerships

PACA Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa

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BACKGROUND

The African Livestock Conference and Exhibition (ALiCE) was held in Nairobi, Kenya on June

26th

to 28th

, 2013. It was the result of a long running initiative that grew from the observation that

there was no major forum that brings together public and private sector interests in the livestock

industry at the continental level. EAFF, KLPA and ESADA responding to a request from UK

organized the conference to bring together various actors in the livestock sector in Africa to

stimulate trade in livestock and livestock products as well as facilitate technology and knowledge

transfer. ALiCE is, to date, the largest convergence of stakeholders in the livestock sector in

Africa. Alice brought together suppliers of animal genetics, animal health products, animal feed

and forage, farm equipment; animal products’ processors and processing equipment, livestock

consultants, distributors and producers.

CONFERENCE OPENING

The chair of the first session, Dr. Kipkurui Arap Langat, the chairman of ESADA opened the

meeting by welcoming all to the AliCE 2013 conference. He saluted the Chief Guest, Honorable

Felix Kiptarus Kosgey, the Cabinet Secretary for Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries

Development and congratulated him on his appointment. He gave details of the array of

participants present including; leading livestock sector experts across the sectors’ value chains,

renowned business leaders, agricultural researchers and scientists, government officials, Livestock

Producers and other livestock sector players who came together to share knowledge, experiences,

solutions and technologies that will create the desired impetus for enhanced competitiveness and

trade in the African livestock sector. He extended a hearty welcome to the delegates representing

the following countries; Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan, Southern Sudan, Democratic republic

of Congo, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, South Africa, Malawi, Nigeria, Zambia, Liberia, Gambia,

Botswana, Djibouti, Israel, Germany, Italy, Nepal, Egypt, Maldives, USA, France, India, Namibia,

Netherlands, Burundi, Canada and UK.

He stated that this annual Africa livestock event is a brainchild of AU-IBAR, ILRI and GALVmed.

The three ALiCE 2013 host organizations jointly developed the conference as one of the means of

addressing the challenges facing the livestock sector in Africa. He observed that the livestock

sector in sub-Saharan Africa continues to underperform due to the following reasons;

Low on-farm productivity

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Constrained Market access

Poor competitive Product quality

Poorly resourced and underperforming livestock services

Unfavorable operating environments(particularly policies, but also investment, technical

support and information)

ALiCE’s origin is founded on the basis of these challenges with a view to providing knowledge,

solutions, technologies and insights to continually address these and future challenges in the

African livestock sector while positioning the African livestock sector in the global livestock map.

In summary he reiterated that the African Livestock sector conference and exhibition is aimed at

achieving two complementary goals;

Knowledge sharing and technology, Solutions and transfer of best practices

Networking and businesses linkages for increased intra-regional trade in livestock and

livestock products.

In particular the African Livestock conference and exhibition will deliver the following benefits to

the players in the livestock sector in the region;

Highlight opportunities for livestock sector investments in Africa

Afford the regions livestock producers, service providers and industry suppliers a unique

opportunity to showcase their products for benchmarking and trade.

Expose livestock sector stakeholders (producers and suppliers) to new technologies,

solutions and ideas for improved competitiveness

Provide a platform for the regions livestock community to discuss and recommend

solutions to policy, regulatory and industry bottlenecks that impede livestock, livestock

products and services trade and development in the sector.

Provide a platform for sharing and disseminating research works in the livestock sector.

He also recognized the support of USAID for facilitating over 2000 farmers to attend the

exhibitions and livestock breeders show, as well as the Swiss Agency for Development and

Cooperation for supporting farmers and other stakeholders from Eastern Africa to attend the

livestock event.

He informed the participants that the speakers would be presenting a wide range of topics

including;

The global livestock situation

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Livestock sector policies and economics

Livestock farming for the global market

Highlights of the major livestock value chains

Livestock sector; feeding Africa

Towards a competitive and sustainable livestock sector.

He said that in total there were 27 exhibitors drawn Kenya, Tanzania, Belgium, Israel, India,

Germany, Italy and France and he urged the participants to pay a visit to the exhibitors.

OPENING AND WELCOME REMARKS

Remarks by EAFF CEO Steve Muchiri

He conveyed congratulations to the Cabinet Secretary from the farmers of EAFF. He stated that

Kenya is the home of the Pan-African Farmers Organization (PAFO) which was launched in

Lilongwe; Malawi in 2011 and the Eastern Africa Farmers Federation (EAFF) which was launched

in 2005. Nairobi was chosen as the capital for the farmers of Africa and farmers of the region

because it is a regional hub due to its proximity to important institutions serving Agriculture such

as AU-IBAR and ILRI and is relatively stable with a vibrant agriculture sector.

He further stated that EAFF is a regional network of apex and national organizations of farmers

that are co-operatives, farmer unions, agriculture commodity associations, Livestock organizations,

women and youth organizations in Agriculture. EAFF was formed out of the need for

representation of farmers and dialogue on agriculture development related issues in the different

Regional Economic Communities (RECs). EAFF has 22 member organizations spread in over 10

countries of Eastern Africa - stretching from EAC; IGAD to DR Congo. EAFF’s membership

comprises over 20 million family farmers as well as small holders. These represent the entire

spectrum of Agriculture from Crops, Livestock, Fisheries and Agro-forestry. This membership is

however only a paltry 20% of the entire farming community in the region. In this conference,

EAFF supported the participation of 30 livestock farmers who are the EAFF delegates from eight

countries. EAFF has a vision to enhance cohesion and prosperity of farmers and does this through

representation, advocacy and developing capacity. Regional integration was also mentioned as

important to EAFF as it is the basis on which it was founded. EAFF believes that as a region, we

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can form a formidable economically competitive block since the region is endowed with enormous

wealth and untapped resources that need to be harnessed.

EAFF has a strategic framework (2012-2020) whose orientation is “Commercialization through

farmer enterprises”, which emphasizes the need for farmers to play their role as key actors in any

value chain. To deliver on this framework, EAFF has formed partnerships with different

Stakeholders such as the regional farmer organizations of the continent with whom they launched

the Pan-African Farmers Organization (PAFO) that engages with AUC-NPCA and globally with

Governments. EAFF has MoUs with EAC; COMESA and IGAD and are currently pursuing an

MoU with EALA. Within the private sector, EAFF has MoUs with the East Africa Business

Council and East Africa Grain Council. Among Research institutions, EAFF sits in the Boards of

ASARECA and FARA as well as in NGOs working in Agriculture. They are also engaged in

decision making committees such as the CAADP Multi Donor Trust Fund process, AfDB Africa

Fertilizer Financing Mechanism, Partnership for Afflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA) at the AUC

among others. EAFF believes these partnerships will help protect, support and transform small

scale agriculture which feeds over 2 billion people globally into a sustainable and economically

viable enterprise.

EAFF believes that Livestock is an important sector in this region especially based on the fact that

over 70% of the regions land is used for livestock production. He stated that according to UNDP,

any single drought event in a 12 year period in a country can result in 7-10% drop in GDP and this

translates to 12-14% increase in poverty. Further to this, the increasing frequency and magnitude

of drought is taking a toll on a many lives besides negatively affecting the livelihoods of an

increasing number of people thus impeding the achievement of MDGs especially goal number one

on reducing hunger.

EAFF has thus developed a livestock strategy with specific thrusts towards resilience and

competitiveness. This informed EAFF’s contribution to the finalization of the “IGAD Regional

CAADP compact and investment plan” a process to which it is a signatory.

He re-emphasized that ALiCE is an important platform for livestock farmers to share and learn

about developments in the sector, access information on technologies available, have meetings

with various value chain actors and chart the way forward with respect to favorable policies and

programs to grow this sector. EAFF is very much aware of the contribution by the dairy sector

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over the years in uplifting millions of farmers from poverty as well as contributing towards the

nutrition of millions of pre-school and school going children. EAFF encourages other investors to

use a similar approach of working with farmers in out-grower schemes/contracts and even

supporting co-operatives.

He said it’s worth noting that the entire Agriculture sector is facing numerous challenges and

Livestock in particular has specific ones which are not limited to the challenges of pests and

disease, related escalating cost of inputs and livestock feeds which have doubled in the last 5 years,

unpredictable weather, un-certain land tenure and conflicts, low value addition and disorganized

markets. He stated that with concerted efforts, mutual partnerships and right investments these

challenges can be addressed.

The EAFF CEO further stated that there are major international investment vehicles being put up

to improve the livelihoods of farmers within the continent such as Grow Africa, The New alliance

for Food Security and Nutrition, Renewed partnership for unified approach to End hunger in

Africa by 2025 among others. However, caution should be taken by the governments to protect

African Agriculture and ensure their markets are not vanquished, that farmers and other smaller

enterprises are not exploited and exposed. Governments MUST do so by providing leadership on

public policy and ensuring that the CAADP process that our leaders assented to in 2003 in Maputo

remains Africa led and Africa owned.

He concluded that COMESA has an annual food import bill exceeding 22billion USD, this deficit

is currently not serviced by the African farmers but EAFF believes African farmers can do it if

they:

Invest in organizing producer organizations into enterprises

Invest in and protect ALL institutions that support the work of farmers research/

aggregation and marketing boards; banks; institutions providing inputs etc

Support the development of markets for livestock and value addition for livestock products

Encourage the development and promotion of innovative and affordable pro-poor

investment instruments and credit accessible to farmers

Mitigate risks associated with climate change

Invest in knowledge systems that enhance learning; sharing and exchanges

invest in real time data collection and analysis to enhance competitiveness

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ensure the right policy environment in a process that involves participation of farmers

Remarks by Dr. Ahmed Assawali, Director, African Union’s Inter-African Bureau for

Animal Resources (AU-IBAR)

The AU-IBAR Director paid special tribute to the Government of Kenya for supporting AU-IBAR

since its inception in 1951. AU-IBAR is a specialized technical office of the African Union

commission mandated to support and coordinate the development and utilization of animal

resources in Africa. He quoted recent statistics showing that Africa is home to a significant

proportion of the world’s population of livestock including about 80% of the camels, 32% of the

goats, 25% of the sheep and 18% of the cattle. However, Africa remains a net importer of almost

all livestock products with an annual outflow of over 6 billion US dollars to finance the imports.

These imports are an indication of significant and growing market opportunities for African

livestock producers, processors and retailers in livestock surplus countries and regions to out-

compete and recapture the markets from external actors. He however said that millions of

pastoralists who depend solely on livestock for their livelihoods are among the most vulnerable

communities to the impacts of the recurrent droughts that mainly affect the Horn of Africa and the

Sahel regions of this continent.

He appreciated that over the years African governments have set aside resources for the livestock

sector, but noted that gaps still exist between commitments at regional level and efforts at

individual country level. He brought to light the limited investment initiatives in the livestock

sector by both government and the private sector.

He stated that there is an urgent need for Africa to identify and prioritize livestock value chains for

which there is a comparative advantage, for targeted but holistic investments in order to make a

positive and significant difference in the contribution of the livestock sector to the continent’s

economic development. These he said calls for appropriate policies, strategies and investments by

the public and private sectors at continental, regional and national levels.

He recommended among others the need to engage more with the salaried citizens in uplifting the

livestock sector and the need to create credible and reliable data for the livestock sector and the

translation of policies and commitments to actual implementation.

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Remarks by Dr. Jimmy Smith, Director General of ILRI

The Director General of ILRI also congratulated the Cabinet Secretary on his appointment. He

informed the conference that ILRI and CGIAR are ready to work with governments in advancing

the livestock sector. He announced that the conference theme ‘Towards a Competitive and

Sustainable World-class Livestock Sector’ was in response to the global concern on the need for

the world to feed itself in light of the rising population. The livestock sector will play a key role in

food and nutrition security and the deliberations of the conference will confirm the importance of

the livestock sector towards this goal. He explained the developing world contributes 30% of the

global livestock sector supply and 70% of this supply is from small holders in Africa. Discussions

should focus on how to enhance the participation of smallholders in the livestock value chain and

contribution in meeting the rising food import bills. Dr. Smith implored ministers and ministries to

support the transformation of the livestock

sector. He decried the justifications often

presented for neglecting the livestock sector

including contribution to climate change and

health hazards by clarifying that these can be

addressed through good food choices and

carbon emission reduction strategies. Through

the conference and exhibition, opportunities and

solutions to challenges in the sector would be

demonstrated.

Remarks by Guest of Honour – Honorable Felix Kiptarus Kosgey

Kenya’s Cabinet Secretary; Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Development

In his speech, the Cabinet Secretary informed the conference that Kenya’s blueprint for long-term

development, Vision 2030, underscored the role of the livestock sector. For this reason the

Government of Kenya has put in place various initiatives to develop the sector. The government of

Kenya’s main agenda for the agriculture sector is food and nutrition security through supporting

critical areas. This includes a shift from rain-fed agriculture to irrigation particularly for the large

ASAL areas of Kenya, by expanding existing irrigation schemes and opening up new ones;

promoting livestock sector; focusing on research to enable employment of technologies that will

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achieve maximum returns; information dissemination and training of farmers with a focus on

youth and women primarily on access to credit. In this regard, the government has set aside a KSh.

2 billion fund to eliminate the risk associated with loans issued to farmers by commercial banks.

This fund is expected to increase to KSh. 20 billion within the next four years. He further stated

that in the current budget, a total of KSh. 38.07 billion was allocated to address famine and turn

around agriculture. He also indicated that the government intends to build 50 markets that will link

90 producer groups as a way of promoting business growth.

Plans are also underway to increase fish productivity as a viable income generating activity by

increasing the number of fingerlings supplied to farmers, restoring fishery stocks and habitats,

establishing recreational marine parks, providing cold chain facilities and fish auction centers

across the country. Plans for the livestock sector include increasing the number of abattoirs by

constructing 21 medium sized abattoirs and supporting 260 farmers with milk value addition

facilities; enhancing Artificial Insemination services by allocating funds to assist 630 livestock

farmers access artificial insemination services, disease reduction efforts whereby on the onset the

GOK intends to vaccinate 61 million livestock in the next five years. He concluded by explaining

that the GOK welcomes partnerships with other governments as well as with private sector.

The Cabinet Secretary indicated that

the government of Kenya is ready to

work with sector stakeholders,

researchers, NGOs and other partners

to make the livestock sector

competitive. He conveyed his

optimism that the conference and

exhibition would generate innovative

ways forward for the livestock sector.

Honorable Kiptarus gave a hand in

appreciating the sponsors of the conference and exhibition by issuing them with plaques of honor.

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SESSION ONE: THE GLOBAL LIVESTOCK SITUATION

Opportunities for a sustainable and competitive livestock sector in Africa

By Dr. Jimmy Smith, ILRI Director General

Dr. Smith recognized that the global livestock sector is growing rapidly at 40% of agriculture GDP

and will continue to do so into the foreseeable future. Four out of five of the highest value global

commodities are livestock i.e. cow milk, indigenous cattle meat, indigenous pig meat and

indigenous chicken meat. Drivers of the global livestock sector trends include population growth

with over 9 billion people to feed by 2050; income growth and rapid urbanization.

These imply that major opportunities exist for Africa’s livestock sector. Livestock sector provides

food and nutritional security, powers economic development, improves human health and

enhances the environment but pollution, land/water degradation, Green house Gas emissions and

biodiversity losses must be greatly reduced.

Even though Africa recognizes the central importance of agriculture for development, livestock is

still often under-represented, a situation that must change. Africa is a net importer of animal-

sourced foods because production has not kept pace with consumption growth. Inherent

complexities of the livestock sector are: it intersects with all other smallholder agricultural

production systems; impinges on key environmental and human health issues; forces hard trade-

offs such as food, feed or bio-fuels.

In this regard, Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) seeks to;

employ agriculture-led growth to achieve MDG1 of halving poverty and hunger by 2015, pursue

6% average annual sector growth at national level, allocate 10% of national budgets to the

agriculture sector, exploit regional complementarities and cooperation to boost growth, support

evidence-based policymaking, include farmers, agribusiness, civil society in partnerships and

alliances.

To meet the growing demand with sustainable African production systems rather than imports,

several things have to be done differently, for instance having private-public synergies such as

Innovative franchise models providing smallholders with access to agro-vets ( e.g. ‘Sidai’ in

Kenya) ; New low-cost, pen-side diagnostic tools that are providing diagnostics for smallholder

settings; New mobile phone systems that are helping farmers monitor the health and reproduction

of their animals (‘iCow’ in Kenya); Index based livestock insurance that is reducing risk for

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pastoralists using banking, insurance and IT from private sector innovation; East Africa Dairy

Development (EADD) project that is connecting farmers to service providers and new business

opportunities through a hub model.

Research solutions are needed to transform Africa’s livestock sector. Critical interventions for

smallholder producers required to facilitate increased access to markets, technology (feeds,

breeds, health) and adopt enabling policies as well as new institutional and business models. New

investments and institutional reforms are needed to take livestock sector successes to a higher

scale. Taking action now, together and coherently, can ensure that Africa’s livestock sector is

competitive and sustainable. Key shifts are to provide more public sector attention to create an

appropriate enabling environment for large and small scale producers; giving attention to local

markets while promoting continental trade; shift from a hazard to a risk based approach to

regulating food safety, market access and trade policies; promoting access to markets –link rural

infrastructure development to the needs of the agriculture sector; avoiding reckless attempts at

‘leap frogging’ and strengthening research and extension delivery services. This is in recognition

that market access promotes a technology demand pull.

Animal health and welfare in a changing trade and food security environment in Africa

By Dr. Walter N. Masiga, Representative for Eastern Africa World Organisation for Animal

Health

Dr. Masiga started with a bold statement that ‘Africa is no longer the doomed continent!’ He

went on to inform that by 2050 with a population of 9 billion, the world demand for milk, meat and

eggs will have increased by 70%. Currently the per capita consumption of meat in Africa is

estimated at 54 kg in Southern Africa, 24 kg in North Africa and a mere 12 kg in West Africa.

It therefore goes without saying that animal health and welfare practices are and will be deeply

affected by the changing political, social, cultural and environmental parameters that challenge our

conventional animal production and health systems in Africa.

Unfortunately the livestock sector is faced with many challenges. Global warming affects the

distribution of many vectors of animal diseases on the continent. The geographical coverage and

frequency of outbreaks of diseases such as West Nile fever, Blue tongue and Rift Valley fever, as

well as dengue fever (chikungunya) and malaria, have been extended due to the resilience of their

vectors to the changing patterns of temperature and rainfall. Urbanization, deforestation, and the

encroachment of human settlements into pristine nature, have led to destruction of habitats for

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some disease vectors e.g. tsetse fly species. Additionally closer cohabitation between man, animal

and vector has led to increase in re‐emerging and emerging diseases of man and animal.

On the other hand emission by cattle and small ruminants of methane and other gasses from

manure and stomach fermentation have been blamed for contributing to global warming and the

greenhouse effect. Additionally degradation of CO2‐capturing vegetation due to overgrazing,

erosion, the deforestation undertaken to open up more land for cattle farming, and the depletion of

water resources for cattle and livestock in general have contributed to global warming and the

greenhouse effect.

Soaring demographics have led to increased conflicts between pastoralists and cultivators; food

producers and nature (wildlife) conservationists, for dwindling natural resources. Regional

integration and the globalization of trade have also led to increasing pressure on prices, with local

markets facing unhealthy competition.

The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) democratically attempts to devise trade

standards and internationally binding agreements on many of the challenges. Every year trade

standards are created, revised, fine‐tuned and abolished where necessary, to ensure trade of

livestock and livestock products is facilitated without endangering food safety, condoning animal

cruelty or discriminating poorer nations.

OIE supports focal points for wildlife in the design and setting of new standards, as well as the

increased involvement of African states in the approval process of these standards; the separation

of disease status in domestic (and captive wild animals) from wild animals. OIE has invested

considerable resources and expertise in providing a sound scientific basis for animal welfare

standards, hitherto entirely handled by the global private agri‐food business as so called industry or

private standards.

In spite of all these challenges, tremendous opportunities for innovative approaches to help feed a

rapidly growing world population and provide consumers with varied, healthy, and balanced

animal proteins exist. Aquaculture production (farmed fish) will supply most of the animal protein

in future and by 2020 farmed fish will account for 68% of overall fish consumption. Accessing

world markets for beef will be possible through large scale operations so as to take advantage of

economies of scale.

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One Goal: Different Routes; Towards Improved Livestock Health

By Dr. Peter Jeffries, Chief Executive: GALVmed

An important aspect of profitable and efficient livestock production is a focus on health and

welfare, driven primarily by prevention and where necessary, through treatment of disease.

Dr. Jeffries explained that small scale livestock farmers require veterinary support that is reliable

and provides sustainable supply of products; appropriate pack size; market opportunities with fair

prices; good quality products and not counterfeits. However, perceived risks for investing in Africa

by animal health companies include: reduced protection of intellectual property; fake products;

inefficiency of markets coupled with complex distribution channels and lack of a level playing

field.

Progress in product development and supply to meet the specific needs of Africa is slow because

of several hindrances including:

Technical challenges

Ease of registration

Counterfeit products

Market accessibility

Distribution outlets - cold chain

Limited research and development budgets

Prioritisation of projects

These hindrances increases concerns about business viability in Africa, although the perception is

rapidly changing.

In light of all these hindrances, different stakeholders have key roles to play in improving the

livestock sector as shown below:

Government

Management of notifiable disease

Vet product accreditation

Counterfeit control

Private sector Pharmaceuticals

Development & registration of suitable

products for Africa

Marketing & sale of products

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Food security

Food safety

Animal welfare

Adverse reaction reporting & investigation

Support for private sector veterinarians

Private sector Veterinarians

Opportunity to establish private clinics

without concerns that NGOs or others will

disturb the market with free or heavily

subsidised products or services

Livestock Keepers

Efficient production systems

Animal welfare

Demand for product availability

Efficient markets for sale

GALVmed is currently supported by the UK Government's Department for International

Development (DFID) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with projects having been funded

by the European Commission. Its role in the virtuos circle:

A livestock health Product development and adoption Partnership organisation

A not-for-profit company - Public-Private Partnership and registered charity

Pro-poor focused: working with key partners to make a sustainable difference in access to

animal health products for poor livestock keepers

For product development and supply GALVmed makes available and facilitates adoption of

livestock health products for some of the 900 million people who rely on livestock for their

livelihoods by undertaking the following activities:

Intervention in all necessary links of the value chain, including: Product development,

registration, manufacture, distribution, commercialisation and delivery to the end user

Building capacity (upstream and downstream)

Market development and adoption by creation of sustainable value chains

Understanding and influencing policy to enable the above

Advocating for livestock as a route out of poverty

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GALVmed pursues all these through partnerships and linkages of major national and international

bodies involved in Animal Health i.e. animal Health Industry, Research Institutions, Universities,

donors, governments and livestock Keepers; listening to end users; de-risking product

development and supply.

Plenary Discussions

The first session was aimed at assessing where the livestock sector currently is, where it is headed

to (2015 to 2030), what opportunities are there for exploitation and the policy and priority changes

required.

Small holder farmers are responsible for a large proportion of production, they are not

heterogeneous and often mix crop and livestock production activities. Small land sizes favour crop

sector more than the livestock sector while the crop sector also supports the livestock through

provision of fodder. It was reiterated that there is need to change these farming systems so as to

meet the rising consumption demands from the rising populationra. This requires policies that

incorporate animal welfare.

It was noted that attempts to commercialise animal enterprises are succeeding in small measure

because small scale farmers use livestock to enhance food security or raised as pets. To improve

the competitiveness of small holders, farmers should be encouraged to upgrade livestock keeping

to business enterprises. The government and NGOs on the other hand sometimes distort markets

through subsidies and this should be re-examined in light of appropriate and inappropriate

subsidies. Appropriate subsidies should be temporal measures to avert a crisis and for uplifting

very bad circumstances. Inappropriate subsidies are provided where/when people can afford.

Research and development should come up with strategies/technologies that are friendly to the

youth and ensuring markets for livestock are available.

Questions and answers

A participant from Uganda involved with young farmers in advancing techno agriculture sought

to know why counterfeit products are competing “effectively”. The fact that there are counterfeits

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means that there is a need for those drugs. The way forward on counterfeit drugs for long term

success should focus on the cost of the drugs and the promotion of the advantages of using better

quality products by farmers that add value to the enterprise and therefore result in higher

profitability levels. Emphasis should be on appropriate subsidies while avoiding inappropriate

subsidies. Subsidized drugs should be discouraged as this mode of supply is not sustainable in the

long-term. The government should put in place right policies to enhance food safety and protect

end users from unqualified community animal health workers. Governments should also ensure

good quality inputs through effective regulation and regulatory agencies.

What is the role of private veterinarians (community animal health workers vis a vis

professional veterinarians considering emerging community livestock extension workers who

also have access to drugs? Community based animal workers play a key role by offering

alternative and affordable services. They are also accessible particularly to pastoralists and farmers

in remote areas. They should however, work under strict supervision to ensure quality. Within

OIE, community based animal health workers are not recognised under the regulated standards and

professionals.

India is a major exporter of meat despite the big risk of foot and mouth disease. How can the

East African livestock sector learn from this experience to strengthen its global competitiveness

and improve food safety while reducing risk? The most effective lesson is putting up the right

infrastructure to ensure animal health. OIE has regulations regarding trade in livestock and

livestock products that need to be adhered to. Additionally, since only 10% of livestock and

livestock products from the East African region is traded outside/exported while 90% is traded

locally; more efforts should be put towards improving local markets. The Export thresholds for

European markets are very high and it’s therefore advisable to focus on the high potential local

markets. Smallholder farmers are also encouraged to commercialize their undertakings to be more

competitive.

What policies are there to ensure control and handling of veterinary pharmaceuticals is

effectively regulated so that they are not found in the food chains? A veterinary pharmaceuticals

control bill should be developed to ensure veterinary products are not deposited in the food chain.

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Drugs in Africa are resistant e.g. acaricides are not able to kill ticks, east coast fever is out of

control etc. Is it because of counterfeits or the research and design process is weak? On the

other hand how can the supply and distribution of vaccines be improved? Governments should

take the responsibility of tracking and monitoring drugs more seriously. The private sector should

also identify potential areas for investment with regards to control of diseases. It should also be

noted that the issue of east coast fever is partially as a result of counterfeit drugs and poor research.

There is also a need for clear government responsibilities to determine the right concentrations of

the drugs.

Other comments from the floor

The virtual circle by Dr. Smith should be broadened to include agribusiness markets and put the

farmers at the centre. If we are to succeed in raising the profile of livestock in the economy lets

engage policy makers to invest in livestock market infrastructure in the broad sense and let us also

look at the whole livestock value chain components focussing mainly on production and marketing

including other support components like input supply and veterinary services.

SESSION TWO: LIVESTOCK SECTOR POLICIES AND ECONOMICS

Policy Framework for Pastoralism in Africa

By Dr. Simplice Nouala, AU-IBAR

The rationale for a policy framework for pastorailsm in Africa is premised on:

1. The peculiar features/challenges of pastoralism in Africa including:

• extreme and worsening levels of poverty and food insecurity;

• political and economical marginalization;

• environmental degradation and dwindling access to resources (land, water, pastures)

and basic services (e.g. health, education);

• uneven market relationships and increased pressure on fragile eco-systems

• exposure to climatic risks, diseases, conflicts and insecurity

2. Inadequacy/irrelevance of Responses

• Inadequate governance frameworks,

• ineffective institutional settings,

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• Policy biases against pastoralists (e.g., development and trade),

• Ineffective interventions because of their irrelevance (don’t reflect pastoralist realities

and circumstances)

The Policy Framework for Pastoralism in Africa arises from the need for a continent-wide

platform to effectively address, in a holistic manner, the many challenges of pastoral communities.

It’s a Joint AUC and the UNOCHA initiative.

The process started with regional assessments, stakeholders’ consultations, followed by adoption

by political leaders and finally policy implementation. A specialists task force was set up

(composed of high level experts from each of the regions) to:

• Serve as quality assurance mechanism, providing periodic guidance at each stage of the

process of elaborating the pastoral policy framework.

• serve as the interface between the technical and the political setting of the initiative;

Milestones so far:

• Launched in July 2007 in Isiolo, Kenya

• Regional assessments and stakeholders consultations held in the period 2008-2010

• Policy framework approved by Ministerial Conference in October 2010

• Decision on “Africa’s Pastoralism” adopted by AU Assembly of Heads of States and

governments in January 2011

The goals of the Policy Framework are to secure, protect and improve the lives, livelihoods and

rights of African pastoralists; an advocacy tool for promoting the development and improvement

of pastoral communities across Africa; a tool for harnessing the economic and technical resources

needed to empower pastoral communities; a platform for mobilizing and coordinating political

commitment to pastoral development in Africa and facilitate engagement with regional and

country-level planning processes.

The objectives and strategies to achieve the policy are:

Objective 1: Secure and protect the lives, livelihoods and rights of pastoral peoples and ensure

continent-wide commitment to political, social and economic development of pastoral

communities and pastoral areas.

Recognize the role of pastoralism in development

Demonstrating commitment to pastoral policy development

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Integrating pastoral issues into decision-making processes

Acknowledge the legitimacy of indigenous pastoral institutions

Strengthening the role and rights of women in pastoral communities

Mainstreaming pastoral issues in poverty reduction programs

Service delivery (health, education…)

Objective 2: Reinforce the contribution of pastoral livestock wealth to national, regional and

continent-wide economies.

Pastoral rangeland governance

Policy support to mobility within and between countries

Protecting pastoral livestock assets

Marketing of pastoral livestock and livestock products

Financial and insurance services tailored to pastoral areas

Protect African genetic resources –animals and plants

Research and extension

Linking farmers to (high value) livestock product markets: Opportunities and challenges in

Southern and Eastern Africa By Dr. Hikuepi (Epi) Katjiuongua and Amos Omore

The global demand and particularly African demand for animal-sourced foods is estimated to be

‘’extraordinarily high’’ due to population growth, urbanization, and increasing incomes. Despite

the growth potential, African countries’ production will not keep pace with consumption growth,

and Africa is still expected to continue being a net importer of animal sourced foods.

Dr. Hikuepi shared lessons on beef from two Southern African countries - Namibia and Botswana

and dairy in Eastern Africa. Namibia is among the top ten beef exporters to the EU and has

penetrated the high-end retail market. This was aided by smart branding and marketing with a shift

from selling a commodity to selling attributes. The country established a credible cattle traceability

system: FANMEAT certification. Although costly, it signals compliance with international SPS

standards and EU requirements. Namibia has more policy and private sector engagement eg

Ekwatho finance project which links livestock producers to the market and offers value addition.

Namibia has exported beef to the EU for the last 20 years even though it holds only 3% market

share. Regrettably, disease status in Northern Namibia limits greater participation of small

livestock producers.

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Botswana on the other hand had inconsistent supply due to export bans arising from the FMD

disease challenge resulting in key beef exporters facing financial losses. The country focused

primarily on the EU market neglecting regional and domestic market opportunities. Botswana

Market structure for the livestock value chain is monopolized by the Botswana Meat Commission

(BMC). BMC controls exports as the sole buyer and seller leading to little competition and low

producer prices. The abattoirs operate below capacity and therefore are not profitable with average

losses of 33 mil. USD (2009-2011). Traceability system and veterinary service provision are weak

thus inconsistent supply for farmers. The trade policy hinders regional trade as it restricts farmers

to sell live animals into regional markets. Livestock producers are unable to take advantage of

increasing weaner prices (e.g. SA market). Botswana has focused heavily on the EU market

neglecting local and regional market opportunities.

Small livestock producers in Botswana and Namibia have a great role to play including: Supplying

high-value livestock product markets – currently their participation is low because the costs of

moving to a weaner-ox production system are high (e.g. feed costs), animal disease and animal

welfare requirements is a challenge and locks out many suppliers and insufficient grazing land.

Greater participation in markets by Smallholder livestock producers can be increased through:

- Market diversification: market segmentation targeting regional and domestic markets

- Public private partnerships: finance mechanisms to overcome capital constraints faced by small

livestock producers and other value chain actors

- Coordination: to achieve economies of scale

- Diversity of smallholder livestock farmers: degree of market orientation

- Sharing costs of standards and compliance by the farmer, government and private sector.

Opportunities existing for the livestock sector include:

- High growth in domestic and regional demand of animal-sourced foods

- Increasing global meat product prices

- Inclusive livestock sector growth strategy: yields greater benefits for society at large

Challenges for the livestock sector:

- Low competitiveness and productivity (rising feed costs)

- High costs of compliance: SPS requirements in high value markets

- NTBs and high transport costs in regional markets

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- Export of lower quality livestock products and by-products into African markets

Way forward

1. Lower NTBs and improve regional integration: key to foster intra-regional trade and

investment.

2. Improve productivity and competitiveness so as to respond to the growing demand. Can be

achieved by Identifying and scaling out appropriate technologies to address production

constraints, lowering the cost of technology transfer and improve service delivery (e.g.

animal disease vaccine delivery) and improving risk mitigating and coping strategies.

3. Creation of smart linkages between private service providers and Value Chain actors. Its

critical to reduce risk and address binding constraints faced by Value Chain actors,

enhance economies of scale for producers and other value chain actors and provide support

for different types of small livestock producers who dominate in many countries.

4. Invest in livestock data. There is need to improve data collection systems and analytical

capacity to gain an accurate picture about markets (consumption and animal resource base)

so as to enhance information flow on market conditions and planning.

5. Trade agreements: EU-EPA trade agreement and others.

Investing in African Livestock: Business opportunities in 2030-2050

By Ugo Pica-Ciamarra (FAO), Derek Baker (ILRI), Nancy Morgan (FAO) Cheikh Ly (FAO) &

Simplice Nouala (AU-IBAR)

Africa is fast growing and this provides varoius business opportunities for the large scale

commercial enterprises, medium scale farmers and self employed/smallholders. Trends in demand

for consumption of livestock products are determined by food and non-food products, quantity,

quality, Input / output price, retail forms amongst many others.

Comparing the African livestock markets vs other world regions, African meat and milk market is

and will be smaller than most meat and milk markets in other world regions. African livestock

markets products including beef, milk, poultry, eggs, pork, mutton and sheep, with milk being the

largest market, followed by beef and poultry.

African livestock markets by regions ie western (ECOWAS), eastern (IGAD), central (ECCAS),

norther (UMA and Egypt) and southern (SADC).

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Milk 2005/07 = 32.4 mio tons

Eastern Africa and Northern Africa are the largest milk markets with over 60% of the increased

demand from milk in 2005/07- 2050 being from Eastern and Northern Africa. The annual growth

rate is approximately 2%-3% in all regions.

Beef 2005/07 = 4.7 mio tons Beef market is relatively uniform in terms of its importance across regions. Over 70 % of the

increased demand for beef in 2005/07- 2050 is from Western, Southern and Eastern Africa with an

annual growth rate of approximately 2%-3% in all regions.

Poultry 2005/07 = 4.7 mio tons

The Poultry market is dominated by Southern and Northern Africa. Over 56% of the increased

demand in 2005/07- 2050 will be from Southern and Northern Africa; 20% from West Africa.

Annual growth rate approximately 3%-6% in all regions.

The trends indicate that African producers are partly unable to fully benefit from growing market

opportunities and trade balance is worsening. Imports of all livestock products are increasingly

critical to satisfy consumer’s demand.

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The fundamental questions based on the trends are how can livestock producers (large scale

commercial enterprises, medium scale farmers and smallholders/self-employed) better

utilize/benefit from growing livestock markets? How can they be made efficient/competitive?

What Technologies/ incentives can encourage farmers to invest in livestock?

In conclusion, policies and instititional reforms are key to ensure that markets are utilized to

promote an efficient and equitable growth of livestock

Plenary Discussions

It’s crucial to create and foster partnerships and linkages among and for smallholder farmers and

traders to enhance the livestock sector. For the livestock sector in Africa to grow the

competitiveness of small holder farmers has to be improved. A major obstacle to the growth of the

African livestock trade is the increase in low quality products from Europe. Institutional and

capacity needs at different levels (country and regional) to meet the challenges for making the

livestock sector competitive should be identified as well as mechanisms for resolving them.

Another challenge is lack of information and how to access it: the farmers do not know what the

customers (market) wants or needs e.g. how frequent the customers need products and in what

form. Information should be real-time. Information is critical in improving the bargaining power of

small holder farmers. Information needs for the livestock sector should be addressed by both

public and private sector. Initial public support is necessary to boost initiatives by private sector on

information generation and dissemination opportunities.

The collection of data and statistics for the African continent should be improved as the current

data is misleading and decisions made on their basis will also be misinformed. While FAO and EU

official statistics are not reliable, they are the only ones available.

Questions and answers

It has been indicated that most of the livestock products is from small scale livestock keepers.

With our present land policies do these small scale farmers have an opportunity to expand in

order to capture the future markets for livestock products? The key issues being addressed are

secure access to land through land policy issues which is found in a comprehensive framework

policy on GMO being developed through a consultative process started in the year 2012

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How can gaps that exist with respect to information flow be addressed? And the farmer does

not know what the market wants and the form that the product should take; There is need to

improve bargaining power of small holder farmers through a comprehensive communication

policy and the farmers should try to understand the market to know what the consumers prefer.

Could some of the challenges faced by farmers be addressed through GMOs/Are GMOs a

potential mechanism of meeting the challenges faced by farmers? Issues of GMOs will be

addressed exhaustively in the comprehensive African GMO policy which is underway. The policy

will form guiding principles for genetic engineering. Despite genetic engineering having huge

potential for improving the livestock sector, the issue of acceptability by global markets is a key

determinant on its utilization.

The Maasai community is a vulnerable group of neglected farmers and the East African

governments are turning their ancestral land to tourism and wildlife protection. Will not the

current trend for converting land to conservation initiatives affect livestock production?

Marginalization of pastoral communities is addressed in the Policy Framework for Pastoralism in

Africa as well as in the land policy.

Intra Africa regional trade vs international trade - should East Africa concentrate on intra

Africa trade and reduce efforts for penetrating the stringent EU markets? Yes, there is need

to review the strategies for targeting the global market, but this also varies with each market,

product and country. The approach should be to balance, as East Africa caters for international

markets, it should also supply and enhance local markets.

The livestock market in east Africa is dominated by small holders, are the policies favorable

for them to access the markets? How can we create an enabling policy environment for

livestock farmers? Small-scale livestock producers need to be better organized and networked to

pursue their policy agenda.

The role of camel in the livestock sector was not discussed and is there any stakeholder

engaging in camel? Kenya has two institutions in charge of promoting the camel and camel issues

are well addressed.

SESSION THREE: LIVESTOCK FARMING FOR GLOBAL MARKET

A new approach to livestock service delivery

By Dr. Christie Peacock - Founder and Chairman, Sidai Africa Ltd

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The 21st century livestock keepers in Africa require a broad range of services, including financial,

marketing, information and environmental services. However, access to quality and affordable

livestock services (quality inputs, effective advice and reliable markets) is constrained by many

factors including limited service providers, physical distance, price, information and socio-cultural

barriers. For example, in dairy and poultry, the private sector is unregulated and anything goes

while in the arid and semi arid areas, short-term donor- funded subsidies distort local market. A

large proportion of drugs are manufactured below standard e.g. 100% of the Trypanocidal drugs

manufactured in Cameroon are manufactured below standard. This leads to a toxic cycle of drug

misuse and farmers’ money being wasted as presented in the diagram below.

Drug resistance is on the rise e.g. in Kenya and Somalia. For instance, T. vivax is resistant to all

drugs except Diminazene aceturate while in Zambia, T. congolense - Diminazene resistance

increased from 13% in 1996 to 63% in 2003. Unregulated and unfair competition forces private

veterinarians to become input shop keepers competing on price alone.

Sidai Africa Ltd provides the following social business solutions: quality veterinary and livestock

services through a network of branded franchises owned by qualified personnel. Sidai focuses

on preventing disease and improving financial viability and turning the input shop keepers into

professional solution providers.

Toxic cycle of drug misuse & farmers wasted money

Good quality manufacturing

Good quality manufacturing

Incorrect product

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Through franchising, Sidai offers quality assured products and services providing a choice for the

farmers and driving out malpractices. Franchising is scalable and durable with ease of entry and

greater chances of business success. Franchising enables economies of scale through the increased

buying power of the network and opens opportunities for marketing and processing.

Sidai is now a trusted brand; it has transformed retail input shops into learning environments which

are open and farmer friendly, information rich, farmers meet qualified people and prices are well

displayed.

Sidai is working towards improving the current agro-vet practice from treating symptoms to

preventing disease through good feeding, management and routine vaccination; poor quality

products to good quality products; remote diagnosis to accurate diagnosis using mini labs, PAD

tests etc; no farmer training to regular farmer training and support to co-ops, groups etc; selling

on price to adding value to product through training and advice and shift from transactional

relationship with farmer to establishing lifetime relationship with farmer.

Challenges of building a fair and sustainable input supply chain and distribution network include:

Short-termism – input suppliers and donors as well as the need for sustainable pricing along the

supply chain.

The future of livestock service delivery depends on public-private partnerships. Private goods

include improved nutrition, breeding, reproduction, housing etc; routine vaccination and

FranchiseFranchise Franchise

OPEN NEW VALUE CHAINS

•Livestock traders•Food processors•Supermarkets

OPEN NEW VALUE CHAINS

•Livestock traders•Food processors•Supermarkets

FRANCHISEE VALUE PROPOSITION

•Source and purchase products•Branding & marketing•Business training & IT•Technical training, diagnostics• Access to competitive finance•New business opportunities

FARMERS FARMERSPASTORALISTS

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preventative and clinical health care; market information; research and development of new

products and conservation of indigenous breed traits. Public goods on the other hand include:

national disease surveillance and eradication of trans-boundary diseases; regulation of feed, drug,

semen, input markets and service providers; food hygiene and public health; infrastructure such as

roads, crushes etc and research on issues not researched by private sector.

Drawing from the indigenous African livestock genomes - a dart aimed at sustainability

By Dr. Mary Ndila Mbole-Kariuki

Dr. Ndila gave a background of Small-holder farmers: there are over 500 million small-holder

farmers, approximately 2 billion depend livestock for livelihoods and they produce 80% of the

food consumed in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Main challenges small holder livestock farmers

face in Africa include: “Negative selection” where farmers sell off the best breeds leaving only

weak ones in their flock; prevalence of disease and disease vectors; continual ineffective

traditional animal husbandry practices; knowledge gap; poor extension services and eminent

climate change. The adverse effects on the genetic resources are loss of genetic diversity, loss of

adaptive traits and endangered breeds.

Concerned that sustainability continues to be evasive in Africa, for example the diminishing

numbers of the indigenous East African Shorthorn Zebu (EASZ) an admixed population – indicine

and taurine, that is well adapted to aridity and heat and is resistant/tolerant to infectious diseases

(ECF) and vectors (Ticks), Dr.Ndila embarked on a study in Western Kenya.

The genotypic data revealed that 40% are from European breeds, while the genetic structure is

mainly from Africa. There was also evidence of European taurine introgression in several

generations. This results from cattle markets and

sources of animals. Farmers love cross breeds as

opposed to the indigenous breeds. This shift of focus is

to a perceived economically beneficial animal as

opposed to an ecologically fit one e.g. drought

survival. In spite of this, there is need to strike a

balance between ecologically important traits, the

environment and economically important traits. There is a big dip in genetic diversity and to stop

the genetic diversity decline calls for conservation and genetic utilization.

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Dr.Ndila concluded by noting that sustainability of the livestock sector in Africa is hampered by a

knowledge deficiency. Farmers should uphold Darwinian adaptations in indigenous breeds to

maintain sustainable populations; Scientists must promote sustainable use of Africa’s genetic

resources (landscape genomics, genomic selection); breed improvement programs need to match

projects to environments that support sustainable productivity. Governments/policy makers (AU-

IBAR) should develop policies for driving sustainability (KAGRC should stock indigenous breeds

genetic material, share genetic material across borders).

Towards a competitive and sustainable African world class livestock:

How to Feed Africa in 2050?

By Guy Delhomme - IMV Technologies

The African continent will face the challenge of feeding a growing population: 1.8 billion

inhabitants in 2050 vs 0.850 billion today. Life expectancy in 1950

was 48 years while in 2010 it was at 69 years. Rising of middle

class will boost consumption of animal protein and increase in

urban population will drive demand for animal protein. Africa has

the highest percentage increase in milk production from 2005 to

2010: +22%, it represents over 15% of world’s population but

produces 5% of milk and the average milk production per capita in

Africa is 50% less than in Asia. The African dairy cow situation

today: Africa has the second largest dairy cattle population in the

world and four countries are in the top 10 in number of Dairy

cows i.e. Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia. Livestock artificial insemination statistics:

worldwide there are 270 Million cattle inseminations, 500 Million doses produced and 70% of the

dairy cows are inseminated in Developed Countries.

Livestock artificial insemination statistics in Africa - 240 Million Heads which is 16 % of

worldwide; 62 Million dairy cows which translates to almost 25 % of worldwide; 3 Million AI in

2012 equals to 1.1% AI worldwide and 6 million doses produced i.e. 1.2% produced worldwide.

The African continent will have to strengthen its livestock sector with innovative technologies to

fulfill the meat and dairy production demand and many opportunities abound ; Genetic potential

combining production efficiency and heat and tropical diseases deficiency to come up with new

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hybrids adapted for local conditions and capable of producing high milk yields. Reproductive and

DNA technologies have the potential to combine the adapted traits of African local breeds with

Elite breeds to raise milk and meat production.

Three successful world examples of livestock genetic and efficiency Improvement: genetic

selection since 1960 in France resulting in 100 % increase in Holstein breed in the last 20 years.

The white revolution/National Dairy Plan of India in 1970 which led to a 5% annual increase of

dairy production since 1974, 20 Million AI in 1999 and 41 Million AI in 2010 and India turning to

be the biggest dairy producer in the world in 2010. Brazil's genetic improvement with

biotechnologies resulted in a crossbreed with combined characteristics - the Girolando breed

produces 80 % of the total milk in Brazil and AI is correlated to the development of the dairy

Breed Girolando.

Today, advanced DNA technologies combined with reproductive technologies such as artificial

insemination, in vitro fertilization, hormonal synchronization and semen sexing has the potential to

develop a competitive and sustainable livestock sector.

Synchronization by hormones: hormones cycling of cattle optimize the timing and cost of AI for

the vet, reduces the period between two calvings, plan unseasonal lactation for getting a higher

price on milk and avoids transfer of sexual pathogens. Sexing technologies allow for Artificial

inseminations with 90% gender accuracy and farmer has the option to choose preferred sex

percentage on their herd.

Artificial insemination facilitates selection on the semen (bull with high potential), possibility of

storage of semen, better profitability of the semen (1 bull ejaculate equals to more than 1000

doses) and there is no distance limit between the male and female. Genetic engineering and

biotechnologies (genomic selections) offer a combination of the most efficient DNA sequences

referring to the typical situation.

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These technologies can leverage the bovine biodiversity of the African continent while injecting

the protein production genes of bovine breeds from other parts of the world. Hybrids combining

milk production and resistance to heat stress and parasitism can be produced rapidly and fulfill the

growing need and constraints of protein production in Africa.

Plenary Discussions

Africa needs to do the right things to solve the food insecurity problem, doing wrong things, with

good intention leads to poor/bad results. Policies that will facilitate effective breeding programmes

and enable farmers shift towards competitiveness should be put in place.

It's critical to stop the genetic diversity melt-down and seek out the adaptive traits before they are

entirely lost and make them work to the farmers’ advantage. There are many success stories as

well; Carora-Holstein crosses - Carora (composite venezuelan breed) - slick hair gene and exotic

Holstein; Girlando – Gir (zebu breed in Brazil) and exotic Holstein; Kurolier chicken (indigenous

and exotic crosses) and lastly in Kenya Dual purpose goat – crosses of indigenous East African

and Galla with exotic Toggenburg and Anglo-Nubian.

On the other hand there is huge potential in Africa to use advanced DNA and reproductive

technologies as they will open the door for efficient breeding and with a willing strategy and

commitment to enhance the African livestock potential, Africa can become self-sufficient in the

next 30 years.

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Farmers know the different traits of indigenous animals and the benefits of different animal breeds,

the problem they do not really understand the science behind the different genetic traits (exotic

breeds, indigenous breeds and mixed breeds) nor do they know the market requirements and

demands e.g. demand for heavy animals. There is need to create demand for the different

local/indigenous breeds. Breed improvement programmes should be regulated and they need to be

well advised.

Efforts to document and characterize local/indigenous breeds with new technology and share the

data and information (through a catalogue of genetic diversity in each country) with appropriate

institutions e.g. government and researchers across the countries should be worked out.

Questions and answers

What kind of model will make Public-Private Partnership successful e.g. complimentarily

among researchers and governments? Sidai is trying to create a professional framework for

everyone to operate in and is in the process of finding qualified vets and looking for different

revenue streams by engaging with NGO’s. Sidai is in the process of involving community health

workers in their programmes and are currently in talks with local universities for further Diploma

or Certificate training.

Is the Sidai business model bankable and does it condemn and replace the current/local

models of the input supply chain? What are the inbuilt safeguard mechanisms for Sidai

franchises? Sidai looks at economies of scale, works with qualified people and is involved in

community programmes for upgrading and improving service delivery. Sidai encourages farmers

to look for a holistic package of preventive services rather than single incidence problem solving.

Sidai undertakes capacity building and facilitates the improvement of input supply chain aimed at

creating a sustainable supply chain. Sidai partners with the Kenya veterinary board in many

operations for instance in certification of the professionals.

Does the Sidai model imply that private sector enterprises cannot be harnesses for the good

of the nation? Sidai is not replacing the private sector but offering farmers with a reliable more

service based alternative which includes training and Herd Health Packages (AI, Vaccination, and

Diagnostics). The competition brought about by entry of Sidai will stimulate quality and price

stabilization.

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Do the farmers understand the genetic diversity?

That is putting farmers in a tight spot to balance the two; there is still not a well defined breeding

strategy.

How can we balance ecological and economic traits for continuity and reinforcement of

breeds? Promote breed enhancement with traits that work for African farmers e.g. heat stress

tolerance by first conducting a needs assessment. The survey by Dr. Ndila showed that farmers are

not fully aware of the genetic traits, there is a general knowledge deficiency across the board

(farmers/breed improvers) and effort should be put towards knowledge creation and dissemination.

Since we don’t know our indigenous animal genetic resources, are there continental efforts to

characterize our indigenous animals’ genetic resources and disseminate this information to

scientists, farmers, policy workers e.t.c? Farmers know their breeds and therefore the focus

should actually be on preserving the genetic trait.

Are there efforts to document and characterize local breeds and share with appropriate institutions

e.g. government and researchers across the countries? What policies do we have to support the

implementation of such technologies? We need to do genetics with new technology. The challenge

is with the policy makers if they can agree to share the genetic make-ups regionally.

How do you link your research agenda to the economic realities of farmers. Do those who

carryout research prioritizes African farmers’ research needs?

The financiers of genetic research have the farmers interest at heart, the only gap that needs to be

bridged is between the farmers, the breeders and the government.

It was listed that conservation of breed traits as a private good, given that some of the breed

traits are not economically important does it make sense for the private sector to undertake

such ventures? The most important thing is breed enhancement, there is knowledge deficiency

among farmers and scientists should focus more on what traits works for us.

Has awareness creation been conducted among the farmers to enhance indigenous

knowledge? How far is research undertaken, does it recommend appropriate business

models and technologies and is the research information relevant for the business

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environment or suitable only for academic work? Why does research not impact the public?

Who finances research and what are their interests? Partners who finance research and projects

generally have good intentions for farmers. Nevertheless there is need to bridge the gap between

farmers, scientists, breed improvement programmes and financiers. Researchers should go a notch

higher so that the findings not only end up in papers, but dissemination of the research outputs

should be scaled further to the users/farmers.

Is Sidai bankable? How long does it take to break even?

Sidai hopes to break even in 3-4 years and hopes to be sustainable by then. It takes time for the

business to be viable as well as find structures to support this kind of projects.

AU is implementing a programme on veterinary governance and will launch a genetic animal

resource programme to expedite conservation of animal genetic resources.

SESSION FOUR: A LOOK AT DAIRY, BEEF, POULTRY AND PIGS VALUE CHAINS

Unleashing the potential of admix crossbred dairy cattle populations:

The opportunities and frameworks for increased milk production in low input production

systems: New approach to livestock service delivery

By Okeyo, A.M - ILRI

Smallholder dairying/mixed intensive systems in the developing world are key but under

significant pressure. The current population of approximately 2.5 billion people is projected to rise

to 3.4 by 2030. Smallholders manage approximately 500 million farms and provide 80% of food

consumed in large parts of developing countries with 150 million cattle increasing to almost 200

million by 2030. Crop yields are stagnating e.g. wheat, rice thus increasing food insecurity all in

the same or increasingly less land compared to 15-20 yrs ago! Severe water constraints are already

being experienced in some places and predicted in many regions. Climate change means tropical

regions will not produce as much grains and pasture in future therefore need for resilient and

productive breed type. In E. Africa 70 % of milk is produced by smallholders, but productivity

remains low hence need for increased efficiency.

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Production gap and opportunities include maximum (dark coloured) and minimum (light coloured)

levels of milk production for different genotypes of cattle in Sub-Saharan Africa and diverse

genetics and systems. Unfortunately some are inappropriate - high calf mortality rates, long

calving intervals (>>15 months), low milk production and mainly forage based diets which are

inadequate.

Smarter strategies are needed in light of the large populations of crossbreds of variable genetic

merits which already exist. In Eastern Africa alone, there are more than 26 million milking cows,

55% of which are crosses; assuming 70% are females, 60% of which are reproductively active,

with only 50% AI usage and each cow needing 1.3 inseminations per conception (4 million doses),

each charged at rate of US$15 each, then we have an industry worth US$59million annually.

Africa is lagging behind in production and there is therefore a need to change both the

management and genotype. It has been observed that the crossbreeds have not been given their

full potential. The proposal therefore in regard to improved production and management is to have

an internet cloud. This shown below.

Crossbreeding is important because different environments require different genetics! Most

smallholders are not breeders, but are milk producers so they should use genetics that give them

higher profits. Crossbreeding to improve productivity and broaden the smallholders’ income base

require:

• Increased calf and cow survival rates

• Increased conception rates and shorter Calving Intervals (CI)

• Increased cow longevity (reduced replacement costs)

37

• Lower somatic cell counts (lower veterinary cost)

• Better feed utilization

• Heavier cull cows and faster growing bull calves

A platform to support genetic improvement of livestock is critical because of the small herds,

hence pooling is the logical option. National programs are currently too small with inadequate

infrastructure and capacity to allow effective population of purebreds with local and international

genetic links to enable genetic evaluation. A large pool of admix already exist from which

selective breeding would be feasible. Technologies (IT & genomic) exist to enable data collection,

timely synthesis and feedback across borders. We need to create incentives for investments in local

dairy genetics business and encourage more prudent use of existing international and regional

resources and institutional frameworks as shown in the figure below.

AI-Services Records Health reports Conformation -Milk Adaptability-Body Weights-Fertility

Information From Countries

Pedigree information Genetic evaluation information Breeding plans

Basis for management decisions: Dairy, Sales, Feeds, Health, etc.

Feedback to Farms

CentralizedRecording

Breeding Services

Extension

GeneticEvaluation

Research

Productivity of smallholder dairy herds currently is too low, but has huge potential for

improvement. Population of crossbred cattle is high but there is no supportive breed improvement

service in place, yet it makes business sense. Synthetic multipurpose cattle breed development is

technically feasible and economically viable (there is market for it, let us grab the opportunity

now)! Globally, crossbreeding of dairy breeds is taking place for good reasons, but no local

supportive policies and systems exist in Sub-Saharan Africa. A regional genetic improvement

38

platform to sustainably support implementation of livestock genetic improvement programs is

proposed. Strengthening of the local capacity to sustainably manage the process is required to

deliver/share improved cattle genetics.

In conclusion, it is pointed out that;

• Productivity of smallholder dairy herds currently too low, but have huge potential for

improvement

• Population of crossbred cattle high, but no supportive breed improvement services in place,

yet it makes business sense

• Synthetic multipurpose cattle breed development is technically feasible and economically

viable (there is market for it, lets us grab the opportunity now)

• Globally crossbreeding of dairy breeds is taking place for good reasons, but no local

supportive policies and systems exist in SS Africa

• A regional genetic improvement platform to sustainably support implementation of

livestock genetic improvement programs is proposed

• Strengthening of the local capacity to sustainably manage the process is required to

deliver/share improved cattle genetics needed

The untapped potential: the Pig sector in Kenya

By Dr. Christine Mosoti

Pig farming has a range of benefits including:

Pork is high value animal protein and the most consumed meat in the world

Contribute to food security: pig fat is a highly valued source of energy in times of unstable

food supply

Quick return on investment: pigs are fast maturing, give birth to many (on average 12-16)

and reproduce on average 2.2 times per year.

The key message is here is the need to strongly advocate for cross breeding to increase productivity of

the livestock sector. Additionally, for effective policy decisions, all the custodians of data/databases

for the livestock sector should communicate with one another. Another key recommendation is to

have all data in a central place and this calls for goodwill and resources from the different

stakeholders and sub-sectors. Infrastructure is very important for the success of the livestock sector.

39

Pig business is big business, the world imports in 2011 was worth

US$20.5b and Africa's share was only US$15m. Pig is dominant in central

Kenya and Nairobi because of access to abattoirs and markets, but scarce

in coast and north eastern provinces of Kenya due to cultural issues. The

pig value chain in Kenya comprises: pig breeds, pig feeds, AI, equipment

and technology, value addition. There is lack of standardised systems for

feed production, and for AI services there is only one company i.e. farmers choice. There is low

use of equipment and basic technology in the pig sector is lacking. Value addition is limited with

only few companies undertaking value addition.

Main challenges for the pig sector are market access and limited good abattoirs, low technical

support with very few experts, high cost of feeds and high variation and limited value addition.

Opportunities for the pig sector: diversification and specialisation e.g. in AI services; value

addition and processing e.g. bacon, sausages. Value addition increases the shelf life thereby

reducing the problem of glut. Enterprise integration - pig and fish farming where pig manure

fertilises the fish ponds. There is potential for Peri urban production as pig farming does not

require expansive land. Key benefit for peri urban farming is the ready market in urban centres and

availability of hotel wastes. Easy entry into pig business and fast returns are considered as

incentives.

The pig industry can be improved by establishing pig farmer cooperatives which will boost value

addition, capacity building and support services.

Comments on the pig sector

It is critical to encourage governments in the region to urgently look at the pig sector because there

is a positive trend in consumption of pig meat and the world demand is also very high. The quality

and cost of feeds need to be streamlined to ensure growth of pigs.

Current AI practices which use fresh semen need to be revolutionalised as fresh semen only

survives for a maximum of three days after which it loses its potency. The main problem on AI

uptake is inadequate knowledge, and this calls for awareness creation amongst farmers and

extension service providers.

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ruminosis - presence of

undigested food substance

Questions, Answers and comments

How do you fight African swine fever in DRC and in Kenya? Zoonosis currently an area of

focus in one-health concept and pigs has been cited as one of the livestock species blamed for

this.

Zoonosis and the African swine flu greatly affect the pig industry. This can be contained by

keeping breeds that are adapted to the diseases, undertaking right pig management practices

(cleanliness), use of vaccine and capacity building for the farmers. In Malawi, there is an act of

parliament stipulating that all pigs must be raised in enclosures. High penalties are given for

owners found rearing pigs on free range and thus free movement of pigs is controlled.

What is the policy on semen production for pigs in Kenya? Currently semen is not

stored/frozen like in the case for bulls, they are imported from Denmark. It’s only Uganda that has

started AI systems for pigs.

Pigs compete with household for same food/feeds. This poses a serious challenge for poor

households struggling to feed its household members. Farmers are encouraged to have

enterprise integration e.g. in south Asia there is a symbiotic relationship between pigs and fish

farming.

Formation of cooperatives that will invest in feed mills to produce good quality feeds will also

enhance pig productivity.

Metabolic Disorders in Dairy Cows: Nutritional Manipulations

By Dr. Chandrakant N. Patil, Consulting Animal Nutritionist

There are dramatic changes in the dairy industry with large herds and high producing cows.

However metabolic disorders decrease fertility by affecting conception rate and cycling interval.

The basic concept of metabolic disorders: increase in milk yield is more a

manifestation of metabolic processes. Pathological phenomena affects key

organs i.e. uterus, ova and udder. A ‘symptom’ which is not a genuine

disease can be effectively controlled by improved methods of feeding and

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husbandry. Metabolic disorders are in three forms: energy related (milk fat depression, laminitis,

ruminal acidosis, ketosis and fatty liver): fiber related (acidosis and milk fat depression) and

mineral related (hypocalcaemia, hypomagnaesemia, udder oedema, retained placenta and

metritis). Metabolic disorders lead to reduced production, impaired reproductive performance and

risk to develop other disease by the animals.

Specifics for prevention of metabolic disorders include: yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae),

malate supplementation and Ionophore supplementation. Increased dry matter intake stimulates

forage digesting bacteria which stabilises PH and increases microbial protein supply leading to

increased nutrient supply to the animal.

Economically, milk fever for example, leads to less milk in subsequent lactation, impaired

reproductive performance (2.4 times risk for ketosis, 2.3 times risk for displaced abomasum, 2.2

times risk for retained placenta and 2.1 times risk for Metritis) and increases incidences of cystic

ovarian diseases. Laminitis which is associated specifically with RUMINAL ACIDOSIS reduces

profitability of herd, production and reproduction performance.

To prevent milk fever, a farmer should undertake dietary restriction of Ca in dry period, dietary

acidification prior to calving and feeding anionic salts. A farmer should try to fulfill the DMI

(daily mass index) through feeding maximum of 2.25kg of concentrate at one point, live yeast: 60

days pre-partum and 90 days post-partum, bypass fat (CaSFA): 60 days- 14 days pre- partum, 14

days- 90 days post- partum, mineral premix: 365 days a year (min. 135g per day), MHA Chelated

premix: 14g/ animal/ day in transition phase and Yeast metabolites: 50g/ animal/ day.

For concentrate feed farmers should ensure the following crude protein level:

• Max. 19% during 90 days post- partum

• Max.18% during mid- lactation

• Max. 16% during late lactation

• Max. 12% during dry period and transition period

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The output will be efficient digestion, milk yield, efficient reproduction and efficient economic

returns as a result of lower incidences of lactic acidosis, mastitis and metritis and locomotive

disorders.

In conclusion, to have more milk, there is need to feed two systems to improve animal nutrition i.e.

plant system and mammalian system/animal system.

The Kuroiler chicken as a means of reducing poverty and providing nutritional security in

Uganda

By Dr. Daniel K. N. Semambo

In Uganda, poultry is an integral part of rural households providing food, income and social roles.

Uganda has a poultry population of 42m (88% indigenous and 12% exotic). The Kuroiler project

was initiated in Uganda in 2009 because village production was inadequate to meet nutritional and

economic needs of an average family and production remains poor despite efforts to increase

production. The projects vision is to reduce poverty and to improve the quality of life for

impoverished rural households in Uganda.

Kuroiler is a hybrid chicken suitable for

village environment, dual purpose,

phenotypically similar to local indigenous

chickens, the Hen lays 200 (vs 40) eggs and

males weigh 3+ kg (vs 1.5 -2.0 kg). Kuroiler is

suitable for rural Africa because of high

hatching results, high growth rates and egg

production compared with ugandan Indigenous poultry.

Farmers perception and experience claim that Kuroiler meat tastes better, texture of meat is soft,

meat/bone ratio is better and the sizes of Kuroiler eggs are larger. Conclusions from the trials

indicate that Kuroiler can survive and produce under Ugandan conditions, outperformed local

chickens: meat and eggs, co-existed peacefully with local chickens, did not introduce new exotic

diseases, not more vulnerable than local to predator and majority of farmers preferred Kuroiler

meat to indigenous chicken.

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The project has been able to import 85,000 day old chicks, 6000 parents stock and 15,000 hatching

eggs fortnightly. Its expecting to produce 2.7million day old chicks starting from November 2013

and to acquire grandparent stock to be located in an identified centre.

Questions, answers and General comments

The key message is there is need to strongly advocate for cross breeding to increase productivity of

the livestock sector. Additionally, for effective policy decisions all the data/databases for the

livestock sector should communicate with one another. Another key recommendation is to having

all data in a central place and this calls for goodwill and resources from the different stakeholders

and sub-sectors. Infrastructure is very important for the success of the livestock sector.

There should be concerted efforts to build agriculture as a key component of the education

curriculum at primary, secondary and even at tertiary levels. Continuous capacity building of

farmers should be sustained. Smallholder farmers may not be very skilled in the area of cross

breeding and genetics and therefore require guidance.

Cooperation among farmers, private sector, universities and researchers should be initiated and

they should work together in improving existing admix by fully utilising the available tools.

Greater collaboration between university and private sector has benefits; as an example,

Stellenbosch University secured funding from Standard Bank for Centre for business. Both benefit

from the centre. University of KwaZulu Natal (south Africa) provides support directly to farmers

which in turn yields closer collaboration in funding. University of Cape Town has a Unilever

Centre which provides routine and concise strategic information for business.

How can the different stakeholders at the different levels be capacitated and incentivised?

This can be achieved by investing in technologies for making the livestock sector less laborious

especially for the dairy sector. Public private partnerships to make livestock farming profitable and

the enhanced use of Information technology e.g. move from traditional methods of tracking

genetics and use mobile phones to query on real-time who has the best stock and verification of

genetic characteristics.

44

Strategies for unlocking genes will have to vary between the pastoralists communities and zero

grazing farmers. While matching genetics and crossbreeds is important, good animal management

practices are important in improving productivity.

Regrettably there is territorial hoarding of information and mechanisms to break the

boarders/boundaries are required as this will provide opportunities for genes to be unlocked. Use

of internet for sharing admix should be commenced and as well as investing together as Africa.

HOW CAN A REGIONAL GENETIC PLATFORM BE ESTABLISHED FOR AFRICA? It

should not take away from the national systems but permit benefits from a collective and wider

system. The reproductive systems are already characterized but they need to be reviewed and

updated. The current and future systems need to be understood in view of changing environments

e.g. climate change, population increase, technology dynamics and many others. This calls for

SMART strategies which should be holistic, incorporating and addressing productivity, marketing

and financing.

Is there a simple test for identifying animals with ketosis that can be applied at farm level. A

simple test is the smell of urine or checking the breadth of the animal if its sugary or has molasses-

like smell and the presence of gas bubbles in dung.

At what stage should we introduce curriculum in agriculture, should it be optional in high

school, in elementary school etc? Yes we need to introduce agriculture at all levels of our high

school and college curriculum but in variable doses and in an integrated way, use production to

compile data for use in mathematics and statistics classes to make learning more interactive and

interesting to pupils and farmers.

SESSION FIVE: LIVESTOCK SECTOR: FEEDING AFRICA

Kenya Animal Genetics Resource Centre

By Dr. Wamukuru H.K, Chief Executive Officer

The livestock sector significantly contributes to the Kenyan economy (entire national GDP (10%))

and overall socio-economic development in the Country. In agriculture, the livestock sub-sector

45

contributes to just below 50% of the total agricultural GDP and about 30% of the marketed

agricultural products. The potential therefore is great and the country needs to unlock the latent

potential existing in the Arid and Semi Arid (ASAL) lands of Kenya which account for about 80%

of the current contribution of the livestock sector.

The new constitution of Kenya clearly recognizes veterinary services as vital to development of

both county and national governments and appropriate policies and legal framework to support

development and coordination of animal breeding programmes are being put in place. This will

strengthen the role of breed societies, farmers and other stakeholders in animal improvement

activities and will also apply equitably to all animal species.

The Kenya Animal Genetic Resources Centre (KAGRC) formally, Central Artificial Insemination

Station (CAIS), was established in 1946 through Gazette Notice No. 557 as a semen production

and distribution Centre. It’s visions is to be the leading producer of the best Animal Genetic

Resources (AnGR) in the World. Its functions include: establishment of a national livestock

resources genebank, custodian of livestock tissues, DNA, semen and embryos of all important

livestock and emerging livestock, strategic semen production and serves as reference laboratory for

certification, testing of semen, embryos, and related livestock reproductive materials for purposes

of exportation and importation; develop and produce chemicals, media and laboratory products for

use in the production of animal GermPlasm; provide information to livestock farmers on the

suitability and effectiveness of animal breeding products; provide training and consultancy

services on animal resource conservation procedures, semen, in-vitro embryo production and

transfer, and related technology transfer.

KAGRC works in close collaboration with other breeding organizations such as Kenya Stud Book,

Dairy Recording Services of Kenya and Livestock Recording Centre, research organizations,

universities, international entities, and community based organizations and individual farmers.

GENOMIC selection of bull dams, bulls and their heifers, and contract mating programs for

efficient performance of the centre are routine continuous processes. The centre participates in

Public Private Partnership and hence national planning always ensures the long term supply of

public good and its sustainability. KAGRC is in the process of undertaking animal recording and

genetic evaluation and wide stakeholder’s scope (breeders and livestock keepers). KAGRC intends

46

to be a reference laboratory for certification and is thus embarking on testing of semen embryos,

and related livestock reproduction.

KAGRC has 124 bull studs (54 Friesians, 52 Ayrshires, 8 Jerseys, 4 guernseys, 4 Sahiwals and 2

borans. It has 48 semen distribution outlets and the current national bull semen demand is

estimated to be at 1.2 million straws. KAGRC produces 50 litres

of liquid nitrogen per hour with a monthly production of about

16,000 litres, monthly demand of 40,000 litres and the deficit is

sourced from private factories.

There have been challenges in the conservation, management and

utilization of the AnGR emanating from low human,

infrastructural and professional capacities. The centre is yet to attain all the requisite ISO

standards, especially Laboratory Best practices, ISO 17025; however the centre has put in place a

quality management system to improve its performance and be in line with the best and modern

practices and has been issued with the ISO 9001:2008 certificate.

The government and bilateral partners are committed to promote germplasm preservation and

conservation of animal genetic materials. KAGRC is duty bound to generate knowledge about

good practices and lessons learned.

Aflatoxins: Impact on Livestock and Livestock Trade

By Dr. Amare Ayalew, Plant Pathologist/Mycotoxicologist, PACA

Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites (naturally occurring) produced by strains of Aspergillus flavus

and A. parasiticus that are toxic to humans and animals. They are highly stable compounds, that

withstand normal food/feed processing procedures.

Aflatoxin contamination occurs at pre-harvest, harvest and storage. Maize, groundnut, cottonseed

and byproducts are highly susceptible but it occurs in wide ranging food and feed. Grass, silage

and hay do not contain appreciable levels.

Aflatoxin occurrence is influenced by drought stress and high temperature, insect damage, and

improper harvesting, drying and storage.

The Aflatoxin challenge in Africa leads to the following.

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In Agriculture and food security: 25% of the world food supply is contaminated with aflatoxins

(FAO, 2000).

In health: aflatoxin is linked to cancer, immune-system suppression, growth retardation, liver

disease, and death in both humans and domestic animals,

In Trade: aflatoxin undermines efforts to streamline SPS issues continent-wide.

Factors contributing to the Aflatoxin challenge in Africa include: conducive climatic conditions,

traditional crop production practices, inadequate harvesting, drying and storage practices, policy

and institutional capacity and lack of awareness.

Aflatoxins have acute effects on animals including: mortality and morbidity (acute toxicity) where

the major organ affected is the liver, low dietary concentrations lead to (chronic effects) thus

decreased milk and egg production, poor weight gain, recurrent infection due to immunity

suppression and reduced fertility, abortion, and lowered birth weights.

Productivity of the livestock industry is seriously affected by aflatoxins e.g. production losses to

the U.S. poultry and swine industries exceed $100 million per year. Aflatoxin regulations restrict

flow of animal feed and export of dairy, meat and fish products is increasingly subject to aflatoxin

testing.

There are several Aflatoxin regulations impacting on trade including: codex standards are

advisory, national standards vary widely depending largely on the level of economic development

and the susceptibility of a nation’s crops to contamination (stringent based on the “precautionary”

principle). Regulations have significant economic consequences accruing form lost trade and

enforcement costs mainly to developing countries.

Aflatoxin contamination is a complex problem: its hard to solve by a single actor/discipline,

requires multi-stakeholder actions, focus on the cause rather than the symptoms and thus no single

answer but requires a bag of tricks). Integrated and coordinated

actions are needed.

In conclusion, Aflatoxin is unavoidable as a natural toxicant but options are available to manage it

successfully. Aflatoxin is a complex problem that can be addressed through integrated measures

and coordinated actions. The competitiveness of the African livestock industry is at stake unless

the aflatoxin problem is addressed proactively.

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PACA is an innovative consortium aiming at coordinating aflatoxin mitigation and management

across human health, agriculture and trade sectors in Africa which aims to adapt proven solutions,

and identify new ones, that will work for African situation.

Genetic resources for family poultry production in India

By Dr.A.K.Thiruvenkadan and J.Muralidharan, Dr.R.Rajendran and Dr.R.Saravanan,

Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute,

India

Worldwide, backyard poultry sector consists of chickens (63%), ducks (11%), geese (9%), turkeys

(5%), pigeons (3%) and guinea fowls (3%). Raising of local poultry breeds in backyard is an

important source of livelihood for the rural people of India.

In most developing countries, indigenous poultry genotypes constitute between 80 and 99 % of the

poultry populations that are kept in villages under two forms of the traditional backyard systems:

Unimproved backyard system: use of low-input, low producing native birds, brooding,

scavenging, no regular water or feed supply, little or poor night shelter, no vaccination and

medication .

Improved backyard system: Use of genetically improved birds, scavenging, regular water,

supplementary feeding, improved shelter, care of chicks in the early age, vaccination against

prevalent diseases and deworming.

India is a rich repository of chicken genetic resources with 18 breeds of fowl along with various

indigenous breed crosses which have evolved more through natural selection than through

deliberate intervention by man and better adaptability and better disease resistance. The special

features of these native breeds are:

Well adapted to traditional backyard farming

Low or no inputs and survive well on scavenging and leftover feed

Hardy and better resistance to diseases

Thrive well in harsh conditions and from predation

Good mothering ability

Adaptive advantages of coloured plumage, smaller body size, alertness and fighting qualities

49

Tastier meat when compared to broilers.

Supplementary source of income to the rural poor and contribution to family nutrition

However, in spite of the above advantages the major limiting factors are:

Low egg production and

Slower growth rates

Because of the above shortcomings, there is an increasing demand from the farmers for the exotic

hybrids suitable to family production system. Hence, efforts have been diverted into producing

simply-housed, dual purpose breeds and hybrids with improved production profiles. A large

number of commercial hybrids both for eggs and meat have been developed and tested with good

success by the various institutions in India viz Vanaraja and Grampriya (project directorate of

poultry, Hyderabad), Nandanam chicken-I and Nandanam broiler-II (Tamil Nadu Veterinary and

Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu), Gramalakshmi and Gramasree (Kerala

Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookot,Kerala) and Cari–Nirbeek, Cari– Syhma,

Upcari, Hitcari (Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh).

Majority of these chicken breeds resemble the native chicken, grow fast and produce more number

of eggs, require low input (like feed, management, health care, housing, etc.) and sustain different

vagaries of the climatic and environmental changes.

Utilization of native chicken breeds for the development of suitable scavenging chicken has

resulted in great success in India. Hence, a commercial hybrid cross between a native breed and an

exotic breed would be a good proposition for the ideal replacement of native scavenging chicken in

the backyard poultry keeping. The promising features of these commercial hybrids are: color of the

bird, morphology and temperament of the bird, productivity of the birds, disease resistance,

adaptability to the tropics and self propagation. Promoting improved strains of birds would make

an impact on development programmes for small scale poultry keeping.

Questions, Answers and General comments

How can we enhance awareness to farmers on AI services and other breeding programmes

for pigs, poultry and other livestock? In Kenya KAGRC is working with Dairy goat association

50

of Kenya to process semen and enhance awareness to farmers for the dairy goat buck. Research is

currently being undertaken for rabbit and camel while there is no data collected yet for the pigs.

What other options exist for storage of semen other than liquid nitrogen that appears to be

expensive hence raising the cost of AI services? The cost of semen and nitrogen at KAGRC is

250kshs respectively. When these products reach the technicians, the costs rise depending on

demand and interventions, policy and regulations should therefore be at this stage.

Can other farmers not under the project in Uganda and across the borders in Kenya and

Tanzania access the Kurioler chicken? The project which runs until 2014 June is increasing the

hatching facilities and hopes to meet the high demand from rural poor farmers in Uganda and

eventually penetrate the east African region.

Does your organization play a role on other mycotoxins besides Afflatoxin such as

fumonisins which occur naturally together? Afflatoxin are not the only microbes that occur in

food. Most countries are affected by Afflatoxin that limit their access to larger markets and

therefore most focus is on maize and Afflatoxin.

Its generally agreed that Afflatoxin is a complex problem both for human and animal health.

Since we have to get a firm handle on managing the situation, should our focus be in

development of Afflatoxin resistant crops and post-harvesting/ storage? Afflatoxin cannot be

prevented pre-harvest but post-harvest and in Africa fewer varieties of crops are resistant to

Afflatoxin.

SESSION SIX: TOWARDS A COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK

SECTOR

Growing away from Grants – African Livestock Catalytic Fund

Kick-starting a virtuous investment cycle into Africa’s livestock sector

By Michael Shaw – Director, Wellspring Development Ltd

Population is expanding rapidly and putting a huge pressure on food security, which is causing a

sharp increase in imports as shown in the table below, leaving countries vulnerable to sudden price

rises due to supply shocks in large producer countries.

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There exist greater potential to expand food production in Africa than in any other continent with

productivity at 25% global average. Developing an agriculture space leads to improved nutrition,

poverty reduction and jobs. McKinsey Global Institute says investing in agriculture is the best

bet for creating stable employment opportunities in Africa.

Livestock sector growth is difficult to finance due to; long term production intervals e.g. from calf

to first calving is long while valuing livestock as an asset is difficult because of risks of the asset

dying. The livestock input sector in Africa is also riddled with credit/debt problems, long chains

and often poor rural infrastructure (e.g. electrification/cold chain, roads, abattoirs). Thus the

resulting shortage of investment often leads the development Partners to use grants to try and

catalyse the market instead.

There are three types of finance: grants - donations, grants with requirements and performance-

based awards; debt - subsidized debt, guaranteed debt and commercial debt; and equity - latent

capital, catalytic equity and private equity.

Grants are not really free and easy because they are unsustainable and an institution must

constantly re-apply. Because of the intensive application process, relationships and reporting, they

end up becoming a management distraction with accrued hidden costs in terms of time, personnel,

and reporting. In some instances institutions are pushed into agendas outside of their core business

and onto the grant makers long list of broad priorities. Grants do not incentivise companies to build

their own robust financial management systems and commercial discipline and consequently can

remain “uninvestible”.

52

Grants and subsidies can impede markets by distorting pricing within sectors thereby becoming a

disincentive to investments in businesses in the sector. Farmers get addicted to subsidized prices

and in the long term they suffer from lack of supply. A stunted market with no incentive for new

entrants results in no growth.

There are many myths which affect finance: “Paying for something I can get for free makes no

sense”, “Equity investment means management loses control” “Finance is inaccessible”. There

are many debt and equity investors for many types of project as shown in the table below.

Financing Term Rates Target Project

Patient Capital 10-20 years 5% return Developing Project

Catalytic Fund/ VC/PE 5-10+ years Variable and tailored to biz Start-up & Growth

Guaranteed Debt 7 years 5% interest Start-up & Social

Commercial Debt 7 years 10-15% interest Mature Project

The livestock sector has unique issues which inhibit financing: high front end costs and risks; time;

coordination failures; economies of Scale in production and distribution and economies of scale in

inputs and services provision. The best approach to finance the livestock sector is therefore

through launching a catalytic fund whose distinctive approach involves a combination of

investment and hands-on, in country management support. Examples of livestock investments for a

catalytic fund include: dairy cooperatives, input distributors, input manufacturers and breeders,

Subsidized inputs

Reliance on subsidized supply

Only subsidized players survive

53

cold chain service providers, rural abattoirs, major outgrower schemes (e.g. poultry linked to mill

and hatchery) and processors.

This can be successfully realized by leveraging through partners eg livestock insurance companies

(eg Kilimo Salama), MFI’s and commercial banks, donors and NGOs, livestock research

organisations, technology companies (Mpesa, M2M, livestock tech) and Impact Investors/ DFIs.

The way forward for livestock financing is to launch a dedicated African Livestock Catalytic

Fund to grow defined market clusters, partnering livestock research and development community.

This should include a portfolio of SME and large scale business where social impact, positive

financial returns and ‘additionality’ can be demonstrated as well as including subsidised or free

managment T/A for MSMEs alongside the fund (that could be grants!)

Sustainable livestock. For People, for the Planet

By Jeroen Dijkman, FAO

The global agenda of action in support of sustainable livestock sector development is premised on

the planet as a global resource, as a home, as a common future; public good nature of the

environmental and social challenges; global economic integration of the sector and local action

with a global impact.

The different stakeholders have a role to play in this agenda of improving resource use for

continuous change::

o Public sector: support policies, research and investment; advocacy and awareness building

o Private sector: Innovation and investment; applied knowledge; guidelines; links to market

o Civil society/NGO: advocacy and awareness building; links to marginalized sector actors

o Academia: Research and analysis for technical and institutional innovation; methodologies

o Inter-governmental organizations: coordination and brokering; support analysis and

investments; capacity development

The consultation process for Global Agenda of Action started in 2010 with the first Multi-

stakeholder platform meeting held May 2011 that endorsed the Agenda’s nature. A second Multi-

stakeholder platform meeting held in December 2011 endorsed the Agenda’s focus. Consensus has

54

been achieved on the objective: continuous improvement of livestock sector’s resource use

efficiency. Three focus areas have been identified as: closing the efficiency gap - application of

existing technologies through public-private and other forms of partnership; restoring value to

grassland - better management of grazing land for Carbon sequestration, protection of water and

biodiversity, enhanced productivity and livelihoods (financial and institutional innovations) and

Towards Zero discharge - recovering and recycling nutrients and energy from manure (planning

tools and regulatory and incentive frameworks).

Questions, Answers and General comments

The governments and the livestock industry/sector should be ready for a revolution. Policies and

investments are urgently required for the sectors revolution. It is important to tap on the renewed

interest in investment in Africa which unfortunately is not directed to the livestock sector.

What are the risks for the different funds? These can only be determined if an assessment of the

organization is done to enable appropriate advise in the best fund. Funds can be structured with

tailor made products to meet the specific needs of the organization. Effort should be put in building

skills and capacity on how to structure appropriate/tailor made investments products in livestock

sector/agriculture. Worth noting is funds are affected by bureaucracies.

A livestock fund can be easily initiated with one funder in the beginning, once strides have been

made leverage and bring other partners on board - advisors, donors etc. a good fund manager is

critical for the success of the fund. It may be important in the initial stages to avoid government

involvement because of bureaucracies. Its important to establish an investment committee

specifically for livestock sector products.

How does the Agenda for Action intend to put the "youths agenda" in livestock? Agenda for

Action is looking at ways of incorporating the different constituents on board i.e. the youth,

women, foresters etc. Agenda for Action is currently working with FAO and CSOs/CBOs to

systematically and coherently represent about 12 constituents. It’s also establishing mechanisms

for reporting back to the constituents and representatives. Other initiatives that Agenda for Action

is working on is collecting needs and demands of under-represented as well as training on

efficient reporting back to the constituents.

55

RECOMMENDATIONS

The following were agreed as recommendations emanating from the Conference:

The need to capture the ultimate goal which is the market for African livestock.

The need to establish a continental platform for livestock development stakeholders - there

are many individuals with different roles, but the ultimate goal should be livestock market

development.

The livestock sector in Africa should start doing things differently to achieve the key

changes for it to advance.

It is important to brand Africa as the "main entrance" for the global livestock sector. This

entails offering the best in terms of quality and quantity.

Establish a Continental databank with reliable data and technologies for the livestock sector

to guide investment.

Continuing Debate/discussions on the African livestock industry should be fully supported

with reliable data.

The African Livestock sector should endeavour to build alliances through regional and

Continental farmers platforms e.g. with EAFF a regional platform; that will move the

African livestock agenda forward.

Environmental issues emanating from livestock e.g. effluent management and analysis of

the effects of contaminants on the environment be fully discussed in subsequent meetings.

56

CLOSING REMARKS – AU-IBAR

Dr. Wamai thanked all the participants, presenters, organizers and sponsors for their valuable

inputs that contributed to the success of the conference. He expressed appreciation from the

organizing committee to all and acknowledged the following: government and people of Kenya

and particularly the cabinet secretary for putting aside time to grace the event; the speakers of all

the sessions for articulate elaboration of issues; chairpersons for ably steering the sessions;

participants of conference, exhibition and field trips and finally the different working committees.

Dr. Wamai was grateful to Peter Ngaruiya and the ALICE secretariat, the exhibitors and all the

delegates from the different countries. He commended the organizations and institutions that

hosted the field trips where participants learnt a lot. He thanked the staff and management of

Safaripark hotel and the sponsors and partners including AU-IBAR, New KCC, Unga Farm Care

Ltd, ILRI, OIE, GOK and SCC.

He wrapped up by informing that the major objective of the conference was achieved i.e.

knowledge and information sharing especially on the technologies available from the exhibitions,

conference and field trips. Social networks within and outside countries have been established. A

clean matrix of analyzing the livestock sector during the conference was utilized transiting from

breeds, through marketing, research and financing and partnerships/linkages.

FIELD TRIPS

On day two, 27th

June 2013, participants had the opportunity to get first hand experiences and

appreciate emerging practices, technologies, solutions and investment ideas in the livestock sector

through field trips to: Brookside breeders show, Kenya animal genetic resources centre (KAGRC),

Kenya veterinary vaccine production institute (KEVEVAPI), Kenya meat commission (KMC),

Isinya modern animal feeds miller and poultry farm and chicken slaughter house in one facility.

Brookside livestock breeders show and sale 2013

There were demonstrations on:

Milking practices - hand and machine milking

Live animal auction

Silage making

57

Biogas application and storage (flexi

biogas)

Rabbit rearing

Fish farming

Dairy goat rearing

Leather processing

Presentation and talks on:

Zero grazing and farm management

AI and embryo transfer

the quality of animal feeds

nyuki ni mali

zero fly

potential of indigenous chicken

forestry

Kenya Animal Genetic Resources Centre (KAGRC)

Kenya Animal Genetic Resources Centre (Formerly known as Central Artificial insemination

Station) was established in 1946 with the objective of controlling animal breeding diseases and

improving on animal genetics. It sits on a 220 acre plot, hosts 100 productive bulls, and is able to

produce enough semen to meet the National demand and surplus for export.

The potential export markets include COMESA Region, the rest of Africa, the Middle East and

South East Asia. Since its inception, the Centre has grown in stature over the years and currently

performs functions that envision its current mandate and its outlined vision.

Its vision is to be the leading producer of the best Animal Genetic Resources in the world, and a

mission to develop and promote optimum productivity of national livestock population, through

provision of high quality disease free animal germplasm and related breeding services for socio

58

economic development.

KAGRC operates under the Core Functions that entails:-

Establishment of a National Livestock Resources Genebank. It shall therefore take custody

of livestock tissues, DNA, semen and embryos of all important livestock and emerging

livestock species in Kenya as advised by the Kenya Livestock Breeding Board (KLBB) and

conservation for posterity and avail these for both research and breeding as deemed fit;

engage in strategic semen production;

serve as reference laboratory for certification, testing of semen, embryos, and related

livestock reproductive materials, for purposes of exportation and importation;

develop and produce chemicals, media and laboratory products for use in the production of

animal germplasm either alone or in collaboration with other institutions;

provide information to livestock farmers on the suitability and effectiveness of animal

breeding products, either alone or in collaboration with other institutions;

The centre has been delivering A.I products to designated agents on a fortnightly basis in the rift

valley and Mt. Kenya regions. Currently the number of licenced A.I service providers has grown

from 500 to 950 in the last three years. The center has a modern liquid nitrogen plant with a

production capacity of 50L per hour. The liquid nitrogen is delivered to their agents using 5000L

cryogenic tanker once a month on designated routes. Those not within the routes have the A.I

products delivered to them through contracted courier services.

KAGRC bulls are recruited by the centres bull purchasing committee which is composed of

breeding experts and geneticists through careful selection of contract mating dams (Bull mothers)

with superior production and type traits who are registered with Kenya Stud book. The committee

recruits the young bulls to the station at the age of one month.

The activities at KAGRC for the delegates involved the Bull parade which displayed a sample

bulls that are used for semen collection at the Centre. The parade involved; Ayrshire , Boran ,

Friesian , Guernsey , Jersey , Sahiwal an example is shown below of how the bulls are catalogued.

59

There was a short demonstration of Semen collection. The centre has also partnered with IMV

technologies to acquire state of the art semen analysis wetlab equipment shown below;

Tassells Cattle Farms

INTRODUCTION

This is one among four other family farms owned by one Moses Muturi Njoroge across the

country. The farm is in Ruiru which is situated at about 26km from the Nairobi CBD. The man

runs the farms in collaboration with his quite cooperative wife for now 16years. The couple has

specialized in farm management and planning to further perfect in their skills in animal health both

academically and practically. They own a total of 400 cows in all the farms. They have

concentrated on dairy farming but recently set up a beef farm at Maralal center in Nyeri County.

HISTORY OF THE FARM

Mr. Moses began by collecting milk from local farmers and distributing it around Nairobi town.

He found this quite challenging due to the small quantity or even lack of milk during the dry spell

60

and thus his enterprise was seasonal depending on the weather changes. This motivated him to

venture into the dairy farming and ensure that he would distribute milk all round the year. He

began with 6 cows and met his wife who was also coincidentally practicing dairy farming and

owned 11 cows. They then combined the cattle and chose 15 cows out of the 16 and reared 15

families together which have now multiplied to the current 400 cattle and many others which have

been sold or lost in the past 16 years. For instance, last year they managed to sell 82 cows.

CHALLENGES

They outlined quite a number of challenges, but their main challenge at the beginning was the lack

of knowledge about the various fields of dairy farming and mainly in the breeding of the cattle.

Like any other layman, they had earlier thought that dairy farming only involved buying of cattle,

feeding them and then milking them. They then gradually, through experience, learned that it

entailed lots of professionalism. They explained some of the challenges that they experienced and

still experience at time as outlined below:

1. Breeding

They explained that knowledge about breeding is quite vital in the raring of cattle. The

choice of the correct breeds and semen determines the outcome of the future generations

and the genetic makeup of the cattle. Breeding also affects the quantity and quality of milk

to be produced by the cattle. As for their farm, they chose 15 breeds of their earlier 16 cows

which now constitute the current cattle they rare.

2. Choice of specialization (beef or dairy)

At the beginning of the enterprise it might be a little challenging to point out the specific

point of specialization; and thus the couple explained that it’s good to consider all the

factors and conditions that surround the situation and then make the right decision

3. Choice of concentrates

Suppliers and sellers of the concentrates in the markets provide lots of advices and false

information just to sell their products. This is quite challenging and risky to the farmer

especially if they do not have the facts and thus they could end up cheated; since some of

the concentrates could even lack some of the ingredients outlined in the package.

4. Minerals

61

If the minerals such as the vitamins in the market would be properly analyzed, research

clearly explains that lack important ingredients necessary for the cattle; this becomes quite

a challenge in the choice of minerals to give to ones cattle.

5. Infections and diseases

Animal health training is quite inevitable for the farmer. The couple explained some of the

facts they have learned about animal health through experience:

Diseases and parasites are interlinked together(internal and external parasites)

Human beings are carriers of cattle diseases and thus control of visitors and

avoidance of touching o the animals by no workers is important in order to control

of contamination of the cattle. In connection to that, they also use a disinfectant

along the foot path in their farms.

Attaining of the disease pattern schedule from various institutions such as the

ministry of health and also from researchers or veterans is important in order to

vaccine the cattle at the right time and thus preventing avoidable pandemics.

Maintenance of hygiene in the farm is the key prevention of diseases such as

mastitis and milk fever.

Motivating and often training of the workers is important so that they quite much

understand why they do some things in the farm.

Getting hay from non parasites grounds is vital in prevention of diseases in the

farm.

Some cattle get sick for a very long time and once they recover they become

carriers of the disease.

Having enough water reservoirs for dairy farming is a secret to success.

Frequent Deworming, Deeping and Spraying of the cattle is necessary

The cattle feed shouldn’t remain in the store for more than 2 months so that it does

not lose its value.

Their largest challenge was in the year 2000 when the foot and mouth pandemic stroke their farm

and they lost over 40 cows. They explained that this acted as a learning experience for them. It was

62

as difficult as all their workers ran away with the fear of contracting the disease but they managed

through and learned that there was need to train their workers

In a nut shell, the farm though run in a relatively small geographical area (1.5ha), has an amazing

outcome. ¾ 0f the farm occupies the dairy farming while the other ¼ is used as the holding ground

for the beef cattle when being sold.

Mr. Moses and the wife are able collect an average of 3,800litres of milk a day from the cows.

This is quite interesting putting in factors such as: some of the cows could be in the drying period,

or sick and not all the cows are heifers. They mentioned that each cow could be producing around

29 to 42litres a day. He then keenly noted that the size of the udder is not always directly

proportional to the quantity of the milk produced.

The farm has a total of 4 workers inclusive of a farm manager who is in charge of all the activities

in the farm. The farm also has other workers sent by different individuals or groups to watch and

learn (benchmark) dairy farming with intentions of venturing into dairy farming.

The couple has assisted in set of other 17 farms by their affiliates through their vision of having the

largest milk processing plant. They pointed out that the number of cattle is directly proportional to

the quantity of the milk, and thus the larger the number, the higher the amount of milk. The couple

mentioned, in a light note, that what farmers take to the trade fairs for display are mostly stage

managed cattle; they normally have cleaned, shaved and manicured them, avoided a lot of milking

in order to have big udders or

even painted them in order to

attract an audience; and thus

people should not be carried

away by the exaggerated

comments like a cow producing

90litres a day since its quite

unrealistic and misguiding. The

farms website is:

www.tasselsdairyfarm.net

63

Isinya Poultry Farm and Animal Feed Manufacturers

It had been planned that this field trip covers the Poultry slaughterhouse, farm and animal feed

manufacturing plant. However, due to time constraints, the participants only visited the Poultry

farm and the animal feed manufacturing plant.

The poultry farm is a commercial enterprise located in Isinya on the outskirts of Nairobi and

spread in 25 acres of land. It has a brooding/growing flock of 40,000 birds and another laying flock

of 100,000 birds in cages. The poultry farm also operates a modern poultry slaughterhouse. The

farm keeps the laying flock in fully automated cages that conveys eggs and provides for the

removal of waste resulting in a clean production environment. The major constraints were

enumerated as: Limited capital/finance, high initial set-up costs, stringent environmental

regulations, limited treated water and high feed costs.

The high feed costs and varied feed quality led the poultry farm to establish its own poultry feed

manufacturing plant. The poultry feed plant later expanded to cover various animal feed including

dairy, pig, pets, horse and recently aqua feeds. It uses locally available materials such as maize,

sunflower, sunflower cake, soya and fish to produce mashes, pellets and crumbs. The animal feed

manufacturing is fully automated and computerised with significant quality control measures. It is

capable of producing 10 tons per hour and abides by the regulatory requirements for EAC.

The major constraints to poultry farming were enumerated as: limited capital/finance, high initial

set-up costs, stringent environmental regulations, limited availability of treated water and high feed

costs.

64

LIST OF SPONSORS, PARTNERS AND SUPPORTERS

ILRI

GALVmed

New Kenya Cooperative Creameries

Unga Farm Care Ltd

The Economic Insight

ESADA

KLPA

EAFF

GALVmed

65

OiE

AU Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources

66

ANNEXE I: CONFERENCE PROGRAM

Tuesday, June 25th

2013

11:00 – 18:00 Registration and issuance of conference materials (All delegates)

18:00 – 20:00 Welcome Cocktail

Wednesday, June 26th

2013

0730 - 0900 Registration and Introductions

0830 – 0845 Opening and Welcome Remarks

Principal Secretary - Department of Livestock in the Ministry of

Agriculture, livestock and fisheries - Kenya

0845 – 0850 Highlight of the ALiCE 2013 Program of Activities

Peter Ngaruiya

Executive Director - Eastern and Southern Africa Dairy Association

(ESADA)

0850 – 0900 Introduction of the ALiCE 2013 Conference Session

Dr. Phillip Kiriro

President, Eastern Africa Farmers Federation (EAFF)

0900 – 1030 SESSION ONE: – THE GLOBAL LIVESTOCK SITUATION:

Chairperson:

Dr. Phillip Kiriro

Chairman; Eastern Africa Farmers Federation

0900 – 0920 Africa Feeding Africa:

Impacting different livestock system trajectories to improve food,

economic, health and environmental security

Dr. Jimmy Smith

Director General

International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)

Canada and Kenya

0920 – 0940 Animal health and welfare in a changing trade and food security

environment in Africa

Dr. Walter N. Masiga

Eastern Africa Representative

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)

Kenya

0940 – 1000 ONE GOAL: DIFFERENT ROUTES; Towards Improved Livestock

Health

67

Dr. Peter Jeffries

Chief Executive Officer

GALVmed

Edinburg; UK

1000 – 1030 Discussions

Lead questions/comments by discussants

Questions from the Audience

1030 – 1100 Tea Break

11:00 – 12:30 OFFICIAL CONFERENCE OPENING:

Arrival of the Guest of Honor and Briefing by the Host Conference

Committee

Cutting of the Exhibition ribbon and a brief tour of the Exhibition

Welcome remarks; Dr. Kipkirui arap Lang’at – ESADA Chairman

Remarks by the Cabinet Secretary; Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and

Fisheries

Hon. Felix Kiptarus Kosgey

Speech by the Guest of Honor and the official opening of African

Livestock Conference and Exhibition (ALiCE 2013)

12:30 – 14:00 Lunch Break:

14:00 -15:30 SESSION TWO: LIVESTOCK SECTOR POLICIES AND

ECONOMICS

Chairperson:

Dr. Hameed Nuru

GALVmed

Botswana

1400 – 1420 African Union Pastoral policy framework

Dr. Simplice Nouala,

AU-IBAR Chief Animal Production Officer

Kenya

1420 – 1440 Linking famers to high value livestock product markets in southern and

eastern Africa: opportunities and challenges

Dr. Amos Omore and Dr. Katjiuongua Hikuepi (Joint presentation)

International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)

Kenya

1440 – 1500 Investing in African Livestock: business opportunities in 2030-2050

Ugo Pica-Ciamarra

Livestock Economist

Animal Production and Health Division (AGA), Food and Agriculture

68

Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Rome

1500 – 1530 Discussions

Lead questions/comments by discussants

Dr. Henry Wamwayi (AU-IBAR), Dr. Maurice Msanya (BIMEDA)

Questions from the Audience

1530 – 16:00 Health Break:

1600 - 18:00 SESSION THREE: LIVESTOCK FARMING FOR GLOBAL

MARKET

Chairperson:

Dr. Kipkirui A. Langat

ESADA - Chairman

Nairobi

1600 – 1620 Making livestock services accessible to the poor: Moving towards a new

vision for livestock service delivery

Dr Christie Peacock, BSc, PhD, FIBiol, FRSA, FRAgS, Hon DSc

Founder and Chairman of Sidai Africa Ltd

UK and Kenya

1620 – 1640 Drawing from the indigenous African livestock genome – a dart aimed at

sustainability/continuity

Dr. Ndila M. Mbole-Kariuki,

Molecular Genetics

Kenya

1640 - 1700 Breeding technologies and Solution for African Livestock Sector

development and competitiveness

Guy Delhomme

IMV Technologies and CEVA consultant

France

1700 – 1730 Discussions

Lead questions/comments by discussants;

Dr. A. O. Mwai, Dr. H. Wamukuru

Questions from the Audience

1730 – 1830 Exhibition tour and pre-gala dinner networking

1900 – 2100 Welcome Gala Dinner;

Thursday, June 27th

2013

69

0730 – 0800 Pre-Field Trips meeting

0900 – 1100 Brookside Breeders Show visit

0830 – 1500 FIELD TRIPS

Kenya Animal Genetics Resource Center (KAGRC)

Kenya Veterinary Vaccine Production Institute (KEVEVAPI)

Kenya Meat Commission (KMC)

Isinya Modern Animal Feeds Miller and Poultry Farm and Chicken

Slaughter House (In one facility)

Friday, June 27th

2013

0800- 0830 Registration:

Session 4A Session 4B

A Look at Dairy, Beef and Pigs Value

chain

A look at Poultry other

emerging value chains in

Africa

Chairperson:

Chairperson:

0830 - 0850 The unleashed potential of African admix

crossbred dairy cattle populations and the

opportunities for their contribution to

increased milk production in low input

production systems

Dr. A. Okello Mwai

Projects Leader

ILRI

Indigenous chicken

improvement: does genomics

hold promise?

Sheila Cecily Ommeh (PhD)

Research Fellow: Molecular

Geneticist

Animal Biotechnology Group

- Institute of Biotechnology

Research (IBR)

Jomo Kenyatta University of

Agriculture and Technology

(JKUAT)

0850 – 0910 Metabolic Disorders in Dairy Cow:

Nutritional Manipulations

Dr. Chandrakant N. Patil

Animal Nutrition Consultant

India

The Kuroiler chicken as a

means of reducing poverty

and nutritional security in

Uganda

Dr. Daniel K. N. Semambo

Managing Director

National Animal Genetic

Resources Centre and Data

Bank (NAGRC&DB) -

Uganda

70

0910 – 09:30 Potential in pig sector in Kenya

Christine Mosoti

Private Consultant – Veterinary doctor

Kenya A critical look at the Beef value

chain in the region

Genetic Resources for

Family Poultry Production

in India

Dr. A.K.Thiruvenkadan,

Ph.D., M.B.A, MCA., Professor and Head

Department of Animal

Genetics and Breeding

Veterinary College and

Research Institute

09:30 – 10:00 Discussions

Lead questions/comments by

discussants;

Questions from the Audience

Discussions

Lead questions/comments

by discussants;

Questions from the

Audience

10:00 – 10:45 Health Break Health Break

10:45 – 12:10 Session 5; Livestock Sector; Feeding Africa

Chairperson: Dr. Geoffrey Mutai

Managing Director - Kenya Veterinary Vaccines Production Institute.

10:45 – 11:05 Animal Genetics; an Opportunity for Sustainability and

Competitiveness

Dr. Henry Wamukuru

Kenya Animal Genetics Resource Center - Kenya

11:05 – 11:25 The Aflatoxin Challenge to the African Livestock Industry: Need for

Coordinated Action

Dr. Amare Ayalew

PACA program Manager - Africa Union

Ethiopia

11:25 – 11:45

11:45 – 12:15 Discussions

Lead questions/comments by discussants;

Questions from the Audience

Lunch Break

14:00 -15:30 SESSION SIX; TOWARDS A COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE

LIVESTOCK SECTOR

71

Chairperson:

Dr. Christie Peacock , Sidai - Kenya

1400 – 1420 Financial solutions for development of the livestock sector

Michael Shaw, Private Consultant – Well Spring Kenya

1420 – 1440 Sustainable livestock. For people, for the planet

Global Agenda of Action in support of Sustainable Livestock Sector

Development

Jeroen Dijkman, Senior Officer- FAO-AGAL

1440 – 1500 Wrap-up and highlights

Derek Baker - International Livestock Research Institute

1500 – 1530 Discussions

1530 - 1600 Conference Closure and awarding

ALiCE 2013 Chairman; Dr. Phillip Kiriro and Dr. Kipkirui A. Langat

1600 – 2000 Distribution of post conference materials and presentations

72

ANNEXE II: LIST OF EXHIBITORS

1. UNGA FARM CARE (EA) LTD

2. IMV TECHNOLOGIES

3. GITHUNGURI DAIRY FARMERS CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LIMITED

4. ADVANTA INTERNATIONAL

5. THERMOPAK LTD

6. DESLEY HOLDINGS KENYA LTD

7. INTERPULS S.P.A/PACKO

8. ASHISH LIFE SCIENCE PVT. LIMITED

9. ISINYA FEEDS

10. KRAIBURG ElASTIK GmbH

11. RAMSIS ENTERPRISES LIMITED

12. EAAPP

13. KENYA ANIMAL GENETICS RESOURCES CENTRE(KAGRC) (EAAPP)

14. NEW KENYA CO-OPERATIVE CREAMERIES

15. GALVMED

16. CROP NUTRITION LABORATORY SERVICES

17. INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE(ILRI)

18. SUNEVER AGRITECH LTD

19. QUALITY MEAT PACKERS

20. NEOSPARK DRUGS AND CHEMICALS PVT LTD

21. AFIMILK

22. KENYA LIVESTOCK MARKETING COUNCIL

23. MEDIA TODAY GROUP - INDIA

24. KALALI WOMEN DAIRY COOPERATIVE SOCIETY

25. P.V.S GROUP

26. HAY N FORAGE

27. ELGON KENYA LIMITED

28. PROMACO

29. CMC MOTORS GROUP LTD

30. EASTERN AFRICA FARMERS FEDERATION

73

ANNEXE III: List of Participants

No Name Institution Country Email

1 Chika Ukwu Federal University of Owerri,

Nigeria

Nigeria avitec2003@yahoo.com

2 John Peppel Cargill, Inc USA john_peppel@cargill.com

3 Abdou Rahman Sallah Biodiversity Action Journalists

Gambia

Gambia bajgambia2011@yahoo.com

4 Anton Jansen SNV Netherlands Development

Organisation

Kenya aJansen@snvworld.org

5 Nathanael Buka Mupungu Confederation Paysanne Du

Congo

DR Congo copacoprp@yahoo.fr

6 Amanor Rehman Khan Allanasons Limited India nepocketwala@allana.com

7 Chetan Kumar Thota Allanasons Limited India nepocketwala@allana.com

8 Olugbenga Samson Abe Center for Livestock Research,

Extension & Training

Nigeria abeolugbenga@gmail.com

9 Milton Lore Kenya Feed the Future

Innovation Engine

Kenya milton.lore@idd.landolakes.com

10 Julie M. Ojango ILRI Kenya j.ojango@cgiar.org

11 Yazan Ahmed Elhadi University of Nairobi Kenya yazanelahdi@yahoo.com

12 Pauline Nduku Mbondo SDCP Kenya nduku12@gmail.com

13 Rose Karuri SNV Kenya KENYA rkaruri@gmail.com

14 Moses Ageya Kembe Smallholder Dairy

Commercialization Programme

Kenya pcu.sdcp@gmail.com

15 Mofizur Rahman, Md. BRAC Liberia Liberia mrahman.brac@gmail.com

16 Mirriam Wanza Mulei Kenya Markets Trust Kenya mmulei@kenyamarkets.org

17 Addisu Addis Hailu University of Gondar Ethiopia wirless12@gmail.com

18 Tamer Saad Tamer Cargill Egypt tamer_el-raghy@cargill.com

19 Rechi Vireme Dlamini Agribusiness Development

Agency

South Africa dlaminir@ada-kzn.co.za

20 Mbalizethu Faith Mtambo Agribusiness Development

Agency

South Africa mtambom@ada-kzn.co.za

21 KARUNA KAR Ghimire GREEN AND RURAL

DEVELOPMENT NEPAL

(GARDEN)

Nepal garden.chitwan@gmail.com

22 Kabemba Mwambilwa Government Republic of Zambia Zambia kabembatold@yahoo.com

23 James Muiruri Njane 23 Africa Safeways Kenya africasafeways@gmail.com

24 Charles Onyango Ooko Africa Economic Research

Consortium (AERC)

Kenya charles.ooko@aercafrica.org

25 Ikechukwu Collins Akeri Competent Handicapped

Industry and Vocational Training

Centre

Nigeria competenthandicapped@yahoo.com

26 Lloyd Mataya Zimbabwe Farmers Union Zimbabwe lmataya2000@yahoo.com

27 Ananya Sen Gupta International Finance

Corporation

Kenya asengupta1@ifc.org

28 Olajoju Jokotola

AWOYOMI

Federal University of

Agriculture

Nigeria jojuawoyomi@yahoo.com

29 Femi Stephen Oyebade

AWOYOMI

Standard Chartered Bank Nigeria

Ltd

Nigeria femi.awoyomi@sc.com

30 Barnabas N. Nuwamanya Banuti Ranchers Uganda info@banutiranchers.com

31 Barnabas N. Taremwa Rainbow Ranchers Uganda barnabas@rainbowranchers.com

32 Joseph Onyango Lwannia 32 Science Africa Kenya lwanniajoseph@yahoo.com

33 Prosper Fanuel Hubert

Tesha

Profate Investments Ltd Tanzania ptesha@yahoo.com

74

34 Jeremy A. Cordingley Crop Nutrition Laboratory

Services

Kenya rachel.nyamai@cropnuts.com

35 Bernet F.K Lwara SSLLP Maldives bernetlwar@yahoo.co.uk

36 Olajumoke Olusola

Olufunke Adewumi

Federal University of

Agriculture

Nigeria badewumi2003@yahoo.com

37 Selma A.I. Stlispecia

Omer Gadal

Ministry of Animal Resources,

Fisheries and Range

Sudan salma.gadal96@gmail.com

38 Maria Alexandra Jorge 38 ILRI Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Ethiopia a.jorge@cgiar.org

39 Sute Charles

Mwakasungula

Small Scale Livestock &

Livelihods Programme

Malawi sute.sslpp54@yahoo.com

40 Jemal Yousuf Hassen Haramaya University Ethiopia jemaly2001@yahoo.com

41 Robert Onzima National Agricultural Research

Organisation (NARO)

Uganda 41 robertonzima@gmail.com

42 Ichaura Waruta Othaya Dairy Farmers Kenya ichaurawaruta@gmail.com

43 A F M Moniruzzaman BRAC Uganda Uganda moniruzzaman.afm@brac.net

44 Daniel Wachira Irura FAO Kenya Kenya Daniel.Irura@gmail.com

45 Gerhard Munnik Schutte National RPO South Africa gerhard@rpo.co.za

46 Mohamed Yusuf Kenya Markets Trust Kenya mohamed.m.yussuf@gmail.com

47 Chloe Stull-Lane Kenya Markets Trust Kenya cstulllane@field.mercycorps.org

48 Albert Santosh Kumar

Avigna

Chemitech Pvt Ltd India albert.s@avignapharma.com

49 Machira Gichohi Kenya Dairy Board Kenya pgichohi@kdb.co.ke

50 Phillip Cherono, Dr. Kenya Dairy Board Kenya pcherono@kdb.co.ke

51 Muhammad Abdul Barek BRAC MAENDELEO Tanzania Tanzania bractanzania@gmail.com

52 Winta Gabremariam

Sintayehu

PACA Programme Officer Ethiopia wintas@africa-union.org

53 Wezi Chunga-Sambo PACA Programme Officer Ethiopia chungaw@africa-union.org

54 Barbara Stinson Meridian Institute USA bstinson@merid.org

55 Rex Raimond Meridian Institute USA rraimond@merid.org

56 Nelson Muthama Nyamu Kalia Farm Kenya nelson.nyamu@physicaltherapy.co.ke

57 Ezekiel Petro Maro BRAC MAENDELEO Tanzania Tanzania bractanzania@gmail.com

58 Pankit Narendrabhai Patel Inox India Ltd India pankit@inoxindia.com

59 Linet Atieno Otieno Kenya Markets Trust Kenya latieno@kenyamarkets.org

60 Subrata Mukherjee Bovian healthCare PVT. LTD India subrata@bovianhealthcare.com

61 Gerald Mutinda East Africa Dairy Development

Project

Kenya gerald.mutinda@eadairy.org

62 Onesmo Shuma East Africa Dairy Development

Project

Kenya onesmo.shuma@eadairy.org

63 Christopher Wolff East Africa Dairy Development

Project

Kenya chris.wolff-consultant@heifer.org

64 Puneet Taplu Bovian healthCare PVT. LTD India puneet@bovianhealthcare.com

65 Robert Allport FAO Kenya Kenya

66 Henry Njakoi Heifer Int. Tanzania Tanzania henry.njakoi@heifer.org

67 Simon Gicaci Macharia Mado Organization Kenya mado.organization@gmail.com

68 Titus Wokabi Kariuki Equity Bank Kenya

69 Annah Macharia Technoserve Kenya

70 Ken Mutoro Technoserve Kenya

71 Samuel Ngure Technoserve Kenya

72 Joseph Mutua Technoserve Kenya

73 Edwin Odhiambo Technoserve Kenya

74 74 Martin Ndabikunze

Shem, Prof.

Agroprocessing Company

Limited

Tanzania martinshem@gmail.com

75 Leonard Mukhebi

Muganda

Kenya Livestock Breeders

Organisation

Kenya lmukhebi@gmail.com

75

76 Josphat Mungai CEVA Sante Animale Kenya jmungai55@gmail.com

77 Benoit Bouvier IMV Technologies France jorge.salana@imv-technologies.com

78 George Magai COMESA/ACTESA Zambia

79 Hars Lambers

80 Baba Soumare, Dr. AU-IBAR

81 Ahmed Elsawally, Prof AU-IBAR

82 Bruce Mukanda,Dr. AU-IBAR

83 Christina Engelbert

84 Sharon Tsigadi Farmers Choice Kenya stsigadi@farmerschoice.co.ke

85 Augustino Atillo MARF/RSS South Sudan

86 Ann Felix Baigo MARF/RSS South Sudan

87 Antony Raymond

Tombura

MARF/RSS South Sudan

88 Shabbir Khan Advanta Seeds International Mauritius

89 Gidion Nahabure Agro-Vet Farmers Uganda agrovet85@yahoo.com

90 Robert Tubase Kigata Industries Uganda

91 Jasper Mayeku African Enterprise Institute Uganda afrienterprise@yahoo.co.uk

92 Bernard Karwemera Agro-Vet Farmers Uganda agrovet85@yahoo.com

93 Pratyusha Basu Univerrsity of South Florida USA pbasu@usf.edu

94 Tozie Zokufa Pan African Animal Welfare

Alliance

94 South

Africa

tozie@panawa.org

95 Stanley Kenei Tarus Deputy Governor Kericho Kenya

96 Mary Kaiwan Kenya Livestock Breeders

Organisation

Kenya

97 Stephen Juma Kenya Kenya Livestock Breeders

Organisation

Kenya

98 Muriuki Kiboi District Livestock Production

Officer

Kenya

99 William Odidi District Livestock Production

Officer

Kenya

100 James Mulwale District Livestock Production

Officer

Kenya

101 Peter Alukutsa District Livestock Production

Officer

Kenya

102 William K. Bore District Livestock Production

Officer

Kenya

103 Zablon Ongori Oyani Farm Kenya

104 Henry Kirimi Marimba Farm Kenya

105 Samuel Matoke Directorate of Livestock

Production

Kenya

106 Mary Mwambia Directorate of Livestock

Production

Kenya

107 Angela Wokabi Directorate of Livestock

Production

Kenya

108 Cleophas Okore Directorate of Livestock

Production

Kenya

109 Albin Sang Directorate of Livestock

Production

Kenya

110 Harry Mwangi Directorate of Livestock

Production

Kenya

111 Roselynn Wambugu Kenya Animal Genetic Resource

Centre

Kenya

112 Virginia Kamau Kenya Animal Genetic Resource

Centre

Kenya

76

113 Evans Shitakole Kenya Animal Genetic Resource

Centre

Kenya

114 Maurice Cherogony, Dr. EASETA Kenya

115 Peter Ithondeka, Dr. Directorate of Veterinary

Services

Kenya

116 Caxton Jalang'o Dr. Directorate of Veterinary

Services

Kenya

117 David Wekesa, Dr. Directorate of Veterinary

Services

Kenya

118 Thomas Ndulu Dr. Directorate of Veterinary

Services

Kenya

119 Jane Muriuki Coordinator EAAPP Kenya

120 Jedidah Maina, Dr. Research Specialist-EAAPP Kenya

121 Catherine Kinyanjui T&D Specialist- EAAPP Kenya

122 Joseph Kamau Dr. Seed Specialist- EAAPP Kenya

123 Tobias Onyango Dr. RDCOE-EAAPP Kenya

124 Luke Kesoi Directorate of Livestock

Production

Kenya

125 Julius Kiptarus Director of Livestock Production Kenya

126 Carmen Jaquez Land O' Lakes Kenya

127 Douglas Harding Kew Montana Meats Zimbabwe doug@montanameats.co.zw

128 Justus Rutaisire, Dr. National Agricultural Research

Organisation

Uganda

129 Ambrose Agona, Dr. National Agricultural Research

Organisation

Uganda

130 George Lukwago, Dr. National Agricultural Research

Organisation

Uganda lukwagogeorge@gmail.com

131 Raymond Olowo National Agricultural Research

Organisation

Uganda

132 Beatrice Z. Nabateregga National Agricultural Research

Organisation

Uganda nabateregga@gmail.com

133 Sylivia Nakazibwe National Agricultural Research

Organisation

Uganda slnakazibwe@gmail.com

134 Eva Nakiguli National Agricultural Research

Organisation

Uganda

135 George Ococh, Dr. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal

Industry and Fisheries

Uganda

136 Sentumbwe Juliet, Dr. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal

Industry and Fisheries

Uganda

137 Kimbowa Emmanuel Ministry of Agriculture, Animal

Industry and Fisheries

Uganda

138 Stephen Kajura, Dr. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal

Industry and Fisheries

Uganda

139 Bernard Rwabushaija, Dr. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal

Industry and Fisheries

Uganda

140 Nicholas Kauta Ministry of Agriculture, Animal

Industry and Fisheries

Uganda

141 Scola Bwali, Dr. National Agricltural Advisory

Services

Uganda scola6@yahoo.com

142 James Otto, Dr. National Agricltural Advisory

Services

Uganda

143 Kiyini Robert, Dr. National Agricltural Advisory

Services

Uganda

144 Hammed Mohammed National Agricltural Advisory Uganda

77

Services

145 Ndaaba Magaba Sam National Agricltural Advisory

Services

Uganda

146 Bitamazire Joram National Agricltural Advisory

Services

Uganda

147 Kibirango Immaculate National Agricltural Advisory

Services

Uganda

148 Kabagyenyi Rose National Agricltural Advisory

Services

Uganda

149 Philomena K Nshangano National Agricltural Advisory

Services

Uganda

150 Winnie Asege National Agricltural Advisory

Services

Uganda

151 Eric Rutahigwa National Agricltural Advisory

Services

Uganda

152 Loyce Okedi, Dr. National Livestock Resources

Research Institute

Uganda

153 Swidiq Mugerwa, Dr. National Livestock Resources

Research Institute

Uganda swidiqk@yahoo.com

154 Jolly Kabirizi, Dr. Dairy-National Livestock

Resources Research Institute

Uganda jmkabirizi@gmail.com

155 Halid Kirunda, Dr. National Livestock Resources

Research Institute

Uganda

156 James Oluka, Dr. National Livestock Resources

Research Institute

Uganda olukajam@gmail.com

157 Henry Aaron Mulindwa NaLIRRI Uganda Uganda mulindwaha@yahoo.com

158 Cephus Kalule, Dr. National Animal Genetic

Resources Center and Databank

Uganda skalulecephus@yahoo.com

159 Jackson Mubiru, Dr. National Animal Genetic

Resources Center and Databank

Uganda mubiru-franco@yahoo.com

160 Wilberforce Kifudde, Dr. National Animal Genetic

Resources Center and Databank

Uganda kifuddewilberforce@yahoo.com

161 Abdunashir Galiwango National Animal Genetic

Resources Center and Databank

Uganda abdnashir19@yahoo.com

162 Sheila Butungi, Dr. National Animal Genetic

Resources Center and Databank

Uganda butungisheila@yahoo.co.uk

163 Bagire Aggrey Henry,

Hon.

National Animal Genetic

Resources Center and Databank

Uganda

164 Peter Muyimbo National Animal Genetic

Resources Center and Databank

Uganda muyimbopeter@yahoo.com

165 Elizabeth Bikaba National Animal Genetic

Resources Center and Databank

Uganda

166 Stanely Tindyebwa National Animal Genetic

Resources Center and Databank

Uganda

167 Lucy Lapenga National Animal Genetic

Resources Center and Databank

Uganda hungeralert@yahoo.com

168 Hellen Nakimbugwe, Dr. National Animal Genetic

Resources Center and Databank

Uganda nakimbugwe@yahoo.com

169 Mbabazi Mary Concepta National Animal Genetic

Resources Center and Databank

Uganda

170 Rajabu Salimu Kihara Tanzania Federation of

Cooperatives (TFC)

Tanzania

171 Feddy Prosper Tesha Tanzania Milk Processors

Association

Tanzania

172 Harold Mally Arusha Poultry Keepers Tanzania

78

Association

173 Sinare Y. Sinare, Dr. Agricultural Council of Tanzania

Board

Tanzania

174 Silvester Muigah Kenya National Pig Farmers

Association (KENPIFA)

Kenya

175 Julius Kangee Dairy Goats Association of

Kenya (DGAK)

Kenya

176 Wairimu Kariuki Kenya Poultry Farmers

Association

Kenya

177 Daniel O. Marube Cooperative Alliance of Kenya

(CAK)

Kenya

178 Degho Iman Ibrahim

Masalani

Livestock Society Kenya

179 Hanna Wanjiku Gachoki Kirinyaga Dairy Kenya

180 Joseph Kansiime Uganda National Farmers

Federation (UNFFE)

Uganda

181 Leonard Msemakweli Uganda Cooperative Alliance

(UCA)

Uganda

182 Jones Kamugisha Uganda Beef Union Uganda

183 Mark Kamanzi Dairy Union Uganda

184 Jimmy Kato, Pastor South Sudan Agricultural

Producers Union (SSAPU)

Sudan

185 Aya Benjamin WARILLE Sudan

186 Bimenyimana Desire IMBARAGA Rwanda

187 Bakundukize Anastase INGABO Rwanda

188 Muhozi Emmanuel Victor INGABO Rwanda

189 Francoise Kahambu APAV Democratic

Republic of

Congo

190 Pascal Maliro FOPAC/NK Democratic

Republic of

Congo

191 Balitenge Wangahemuka SYDIP Democratic

Republic of

Congo

192 Kavira Kyakimwa M'aime LOFEPACO Democratic

Republic of

Congo

193 Kakule Mwandu

Theophile

COOCENKI Democratic

Republic of

Congo

194 Taher Ibrahim Issa Djibouti Agro-Pastoral

Association (DAPA)

Djibouti

195 Santosh Solanki SUNEVER AGRITECH LTD

KENYA

info@suneveragritech.com

196 Rachael Nyamai CROP NUTRITION

LABORATORY SERVICES

KENYA rachael.nyamai@cropnuts.com

197 Andrew Q. B. Mbuya RAMSIS ENTERPRISES

LIMITED

KENYA info@ramsis.co.ke

198 Lucy Muia CMC MOTORS GROUP LTD KENYA cnh.customercare@cmcmotors.com

199 MB Naqvi Media Today India

200 Grace Mbugua GITHUNGURI DAIRY

FARMERS CO-OPERATIVE

SOCIETY LIMITED

KENYA Gmbugua@fresha.co.ke

201 Roselyne Wambugu KENYA ANIMAL GENETICS KENYA rwambugu@kagrc.co.ke

79

RESOURCES

CENTRE(KAGRC)

202 Douglas Indetie EAAPP indetiedouglas@gmail.com

203 Franz Hueller KRAIBURG Elastik GmbH GERMANY Franz.Hueller@kraiburg-elastik.de

204 Gladys Some-Mwangi New KCC KENYA gladys.some@newkcc.co.ke

205 Stacy Too New KCC KENYA gladys.some@newkcc.co.ke

206 Dr. Nitesh M.Kadam, Ashish Life Science Pvt. Limited India info@ashishlifescience.com

207 Dipak shah Isinya Feeds KENYA sigmasuppliesltd@yahoo.com

208 Jorge Salana IMV TECHNOLOGIES France jorge.salana@imv-technologies.com

209 IMTIAZ VELJ QMP KENYA imtiaz@qmpkenya.com

210 Bharat B Shah AVIVA EQUIPMENTS PVT

LTD

INDIA aviva@avivaequipments.com

211 Casper Keeru DESLEY HOLDINGS KENYA

LTD

KENYA info@desleyholdings.co.ke

212 INTERPULS S.P.A ITALY

213 Steven Gust PACKO BELGIUM

214 G. Chandrasekhar NEOSPARK DRUGS AND

CHEMICALS PVT LTD

INDIA chandrasekharg@neospark.co.in

215 Dr.Seshaiah Pamulladati P.V.S GROUP INDIA pvslabsYahoo.com

216 Bala Murali ADVANTA Kenya murali@asl.ramco-group.com

217 GULAMALI ABBAS THERMOPAK LTD KENYA gulam@thermopakkenya.com

218 Joyce Massawe Kalali Women Dairy

Cooperative Society

TANZANIA kalalil1990@yahoo.com

219 Marc Van Jandegen Big DutchMan International

GMBH

GERMANY tharte@bigdutchman.de

220 ADELAIDE WAMUYU

RURI

Hay N Forage Kenya aruri@tns.org

221 Solomon Nguthiru Agri Irrigation & Borehole

Systems Ltd

Kenya agriirrigatables@gmail.com

222 Esther Ngari KENYA MEAT COMMISSION KENYA mrs.ngari@kenyameat.co.ke

223 Mahesh Sharma ELGON KENYA LIMITED KENYA

224 AFIMILK ISRAEL ofert@afimilk.co.il

225 Joseph Karugia ILRI Kenya j.karugia@cgiar.org

226 Isabelle Baltenweck ILRI Kenya i.baltenweck@cgiar.org

227 Denis Fidalis Mujibi ILRI Kenya d.mujibi@cgiar.org

228 Bernard Bett ILRI Kenya b.bett@cgiar.org

229 James Miser Akoko ILRI Kenya j.akoko@cgiar.org

230 Cyrus Too ILRI Kenya c.too@cgiar.org

231 Charity Waweru-Muteti ILRI Kenya c.muteti@cgiar.org

232 Evelyn Katingi ILRI Kenya e.katingi@cgiar.org

233 Samuel Adeniyi Adediran GALVmed Botswana samuel.adediran@galvmed.org

234 Patrick Traill GALVmed UK Park lesley.henderson@galvmed.org

235 Stuart Brown GALVmed UK Park lesley.henderson@galvmed.org

236 John Njenga UNGA Farmcare Kenya

237 Nick Hutchinson UNGA Farmcare Kenya

238 Daniel Gicheha UNGA Farmcare Kenya

239 William Rumoo UNGA Farmcare Kenya

240 Jacob Kwake UNGA Farmcare Kenya

241 George Monari UNGA Farmcare Kenya

242 Matu Wamae NKCC Kenya matu@wamae.com

243 David Mogere NKCC Kenya Dmogere@gmail.com/info@excelmtc.co

m

244 Riziki Spana NKCC Kenya rizikispana@yahoo.com

245 Mary Mercy Wanja NKCC Kenya marymercym@yahoo.com

80

Munene

246 Samson Mutai, Dr. NKCC Kenya

247 William Wahome Kabera NKCC Kenya wahomekabera@yahoo.com

248 Beatrice Gathirwa NKCC Kenya bwgathirwa@treasury.go.ke

249 Milcah Mugo NKCC Kenya milcah.mugo@newkcc.co.ke

250 Geoffery Bartenge NKCC Kenya

251 Lillian Were NKCC Kenya

252 Damaris Chirchir NKCC Kenya

253 Samuel Onyango NKCC Kenya

254 Tom Opapa NKCC Kenya

255 Edward M Irungu NKCC Kenya

256 Jamleck Mwangi NKCC Kenya

257 Philip Kiriro EAFF Kenya

258 Jimmy Smith ILRI Kenya &

Canada

259 Walter N Masiga World Organisation for Animal

Health

Kenya w.masiga@oie.int

260 Peter Jeffries GALVmed UK Peter.Jeffries@galvmed.org

261 Kipkirui Arap Lang'at ESADA Kenya

262 Felix Kiptarus Kosgey Ministry of Agriculture

263 Hameed Nuru GALVmed Botwsana

264 Simplice Nouala AU-IBAR Kenya nouala.simplice@au-

ibar.org;simplice.nouala@gmail.com

265 Amos Omore ILRI Kenya A.OMORE@CGIAR.ORG

266 Katjiuongua Hikuepi ILRI Kenya

267 Ugo Pica-Ciamarra FAO Italy Ugo.PicaCiamarra@fao.org

268 Henry Wamwayi AU-IBAR

269 Maurice Msanya BIMEDA

270 Christie Peacock Sidai Africa Kenya &UK christiep@farmafrica.org

271 Ndila M. Mbole-Kariuki ILRI Kenya M.Ndila@cgiar.org

272 Guy Delhomme IMV Technologies & CEVA

Consultant

France jorge.salama@imv-technologies.com

273 Ally O. Mwai ILRI Kenya o.mwai@cgiar.org

274 Henry Wamukuru Kenya Animal Vaccines

Production Institute

275 Chandrakant N Patil Animal Nutrition India cnp312@gmail.com

276 Christine Mosoti Private Consultant Kenya drchristinekendi@gmail.com

277 Sheila Cecily Ommeh IBR & JKUAT Kenya sommeh@jkuat.ac.ke

278 Daniel K. N. Semambo NAGRC & DB Uganda mbabazimcb@gmail.com

279 A.K. Thiruvenkadan Veterinary College & Research

Institute

Kenya drthirusiva@gmail.com

280 Geoffrey Mutai Kenya Veterinary Vaccines

Production Institute

Kenya

281 Amare Ayalew African Union Ethiopia amareayalew@yahoo.com

282 Michael Shaw Well Spring Kenya michael@wells-dc.com

283 Jeroen Dijkman FAO-AGAL Jeroen.Dijkman@fao.org

284 Shirley Tarawali, Dr. ILRI Kenya

285 Derek Baker ILRI Kenya d.baker@cgiar.org