algae by erica gonzales. what are algae? protists that use photosynthesis classified by their...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ALGAEBy Erica Gonzales
![Page 2: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What are algae?
Protists that use photosynthesis
Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow, Golden Brown
Both unicellular and multicellular
![Page 3: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Phytoplankton Major producer of
nutrients and oxygen in the world
Classified into 3 phyla: Euglenoids Diatoms Dinoflagellates
Look like plants No roots, stem or
leaves Large and Green
Unicellular Algae Multicellular Algae
Characteristics
![Page 4: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Euglenoids• Diatoms• Dinoflagellates
Unicellular Algae
![Page 5: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Euglenoids
Unicellular aquatic protists Plant AND animal
characteristics Made of cellulose; no cell
wall Have flagella to move
towards light or food Have a flexible pellicle
around cell membrane
![Page 6: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Notice that there are similarities between the Euglenoid and a plant cell
Parts of a Euglenoid
![Page 7: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Characteristics
Contain chlorophyll
Conduct photosynthesis
Autotrophic
Can eat food when light is not available
Ingest food like protozoa
Heterotrophic
Plant-Like Animal-Like
![Page 8: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Diatoms
Unicellular photosynthetic organisms
Have shells composed of silica
Abundant in fresh and saltwater ecosystems
Box-shaped Contain chlorophyll and
carotenoids (a pigment) for golden color
![Page 9: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Diatom Shells
Each species of diatoms has its own unique shape, differently patterned with grooves and pores.
![Page 10: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Food
Use sunlight for food (photosynthesis) Food is stored as oils, not starch Gives them an oily taste to fish that eat
them Oil allows them to float near water’s
surface for sunlight
![Page 11: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Reproduction
Two halves of the box split
Each pieces produces a bottom half to fit inside it
Half of offspring are smaller than parents
Stops when diatoms are ¼ original size
Then switches to sexual reproduction
Produce gametes (egg or sperm)
Fuse to form zygotes Zygote fully develops
and divides asexually for a while
Asexually Sexually
![Page 12: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Diatom Reproduction
![Page 13: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Death
Shells sink to ocean floor at death
Million-year-old diatom deposits have been found
Used for tooth or metal polishes
![Page 14: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Dinoflagellates
Have cell walls made of thick cellulose plates
Contain chlorophyll, carotenoids & red pigments
2 flagella in grooves right angles to each other
Live in freshwater, but mostly saltwater Can live symbiotically with jellyfish,
mollusks and coral Some species emit light
![Page 15: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Toxic Dinoflagellates
Several species produce toxins One species Pfiesteria piscicida can
cause massive fish kills Gonyaulax catanella produces extremely
lethal nerve toxins A very numerous population of these cause
a red tide Inhabited by 40 to 60 million dinoflagellates
per liter of seawater Can make humans ill
![Page 16: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Red Tides
The yellow and orange spots in the water are red tides, areas so densely infested by toxic dino-flagellates.
![Page 17: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Red Algae• Brown Algae• Green Algae
Multicellular Algae
![Page 18: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Red Algae
Multicellular marine seaweeds Thallus – body of a seaweed: lacks
roots, stem and leaves Uses structure called holdfasts to
attach to rocks Found in tropical waters or in cold
waters on rocky coastlines
![Page 19: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Pigments
Contain Chlorophyll and phycobilins – photosynthetic pigments that absorb green, violet, and blue light (the only lights that penetrate water past 100 meters)
Allows algae to deeper than most seaweeds
![Page 20: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Brown Algae
Live in salt water along rocky coasts in cooler areas
Contain chlorophyll and fucoxanthin
Fucoxanthin – yellowish-brown carotenoid (a pigment) that gives them their brown color
Most species have air bladders Keep them floating near
the surface for sunlight
![Page 21: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Kelp
Largest and most complex brown algae
Thallus (body) is divided into holdfast, stripe and blade
Holdfasts anchor them to rocks or ocean floor
May grow to 60 meters long
Some giant kelps form underwater forests Many organisms live in
them
![Page 22: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Green Algae
Most diverse algae; over 7000 species
Have many pigments that give yellow-green color Main one is
chlorophyll Live in: freshwater,
saltwater, moist soil, tree trunks, even the fur of sloths
![Page 23: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Colony: group of cells that lives together in close association
Different Types of Green Algae
Unicellular
Multicellular
Colonies
![Page 24: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Volvox Colony
Composed of hundreds of cells with flagella in one layer to form a hollow ball Cells are connected by strands of
cytoplasm Flagella face outwards and beat in unison
to spin the colony in the water Smaller balls, “daughter colonies” form
inside the hollow space Wall of larger colony eventually breaks
to release the daughter colonies
![Page 25: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Reproduction
Reproduce sexually AND asexually Fragmentation – (asexual
reproduction) an individual breaks up into pieces and each piece grows into a new individual Some species use this method of asexual
reproduction Alternate from producing sexually and
asexually throughout lifecycle Produce gametes for sexual reproduction Produce spores for asexual reproduction
![Page 26: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Alternation of Generations
Pattern of alternating between existing as a haploid and diploid organism, creating 2 different generations
Gametophyte – haploid form of organism; produces gametes They fuse to form a zygote
Sporophyte – diploid form of organism, also zygote of previous generation; produces spores Cells undergo meiosis and eventually become
haploid spores that can become gametophyte
![Page 27: ALGAE By Erica Gonzales. What are algae? Protists that use photosynthesis Classified by their pigments: Purple, Rusty-red, Olive-brown, Yellow,](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649e9d5503460f94b9e978/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Throughout their lives, green algae switch from being a diploid to a haploid.
Life Cycle of Green Algae