AldehydesOrganic Family

What is an aldehyde anyway?

An organic compound in which the carbonyl group (C=O) is attached to at least one hydrogen (-CHO). The general formula for an aldehyde is RCHO.

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Everyday UseAldehydes are responsible for the flavour and aromas of multiple everyday items such as fruits, essential oils and perfumes. The lowest chain aldehydes have a more irritating odor while the higher ones have flowery scents.

Methanal – (Formaldehyde, the simplest aldehyde) (Biological preservation liquid)

Ethanal- (acetaldehyde) (The main cause of hangovers after consumption of alcohol. Causes headaches, nausea and vertigo.)

Vanillan- (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) (Vanilla flavouring aroma)

Benzaldehyde- (Almond oil aroma)

Cinnamaldehyde- (3-phenyl-2-propenal) (The aroma of cinnamon)

IUPAC NamingReplace the regular suffix -ane ending with –al ending.

Aldehydes have the IUPAC naming scheme along with more commonly used names.

1. Find the longest parent chain including the carbonyl group which will always be at the end of the chain. The carbonyl group takes precedence when numbering locations.

2. The continuous chain aldehydes are named methanal, ethanal, propanal etc…

3. You must number double, triple bonds and attachments. Always have the lowest location number possible.

4. When naming double and triple bonds replace the parent chain “a” with “e” or “y”. The same as alkenes and alkynes.

5. When there are more than one carbonyl group di, tri, etc… prefixes are placed in front of the –al ending.

6. Make sure attachments are in alphabetical order.

Examples:

Your Turn!

Synthesis of aldehydes

Formaldehyde produced by the catalytic oxidation of methanol. One of the most common examples of the synthesis of an aldehyde because methanal (formaldehyde) is the simplest form. Many aldehydes are formed by the oxidation of alcohols.

2CH3OH (g) + O2(g) 2HCHO (g) + 2H2O (g)

Quiz Time!You will be split up into two teams to answer review questions.

Go to kahoot.it and enter the game code on the smartboard.

Make up a team name and decide on answers together.

The idea is to answer the questions as fast as possible correctly.

Sources:Jones, Loretta. Chemistry, molecules, matter and change. Freeman publishing. P338-340

http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/aldket1.htm

http://www.britannica.com/science/aldehyde

http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/?title=Organic_Chemistry/Aldehydes_and_Ketones/Nomenclature_of_Aldehydes_%26_Ketones

http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/introduction-to-chemistry-general-organic-and-biological/s17-09-aldehydes-and-ketones-structur.html

Aldehyde Introduction- Khan Academy - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeyBfrx5RJY

Nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones- Khan Academy - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMsqu236bZo

Aldehydes and Ketones: Naming + Properties- chemistNATE - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CT1zd65tC0o

Prentice Hall Chemistry – Wilbraham, Staley, Matta, Waterman – Pg.737-Pg.740

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