Albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) inhalation solution is a sterile, clear, colorless solution of the sulfate salt of racemic albuterol, albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) . Albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) is a relatively selective beta2-adrenergic bronchodilator (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). The chemical name for albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) is α1 [(tert-butylamino) methyl]-4-hydroxy-m-xylene-α, α'-diol sulfate (2:1) (salt), and its established chemical structure is as follows:

The molecular weight of albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) is 576.7 and

the empirical formula is (C13 H21 NO3)2 •H2 SO4. Albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) is a white crystalline powder, soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. The World Health Organization recommended name for albuterol is salbutamol.Albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) inhalation solution is supplied in two strengths in unit dose vials. Each unit dose vial contains either 0.75 mg of albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) (equivalent to 0.63 mg of albuterol) or 1.50 mg of albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) (equivalent to 1.25 mg of albuterol) with sodium chloride and sulfuric acid in a 3-mL isotonic, sterile, aqueous solution. Sodium chloride is added to adjust isotonicity of the solution and sulfuric acid is added to adjust pH of the solution to 4.0 (see HOW SUPPLIED).Albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) inhalation solution does not require dilution prior to administration by nebulization. For albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) inhalation solution, like all other nebulized treatments, the amount delivered to the lungs will depend on patient factors, the jet nebulizer utilized, and compressor performance. Using the Pari LC Plus™ nebulizer (with face mask or mouthpiece) connected to a Pari PRONEB™ compressor, under in vitro conditions, the mean delivered dose from the mouth piece (% nominal dose) was approximately 43% of albuterol (1.25 mg strength) and 39% of albuterol (0.63 mg strength) at a mean flow rate of 3.6 L/min. The mean

nebulization time was 15 minutes or less. Albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) inhalation solution should be administered from a jet nebulizer at an adequate flow rate, via a mouthpiece or face mask 

Albuterol (also known as salbutamol) is used to treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems (such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Albuterol belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works in the airways by opening breathing passages and relaxing muscles. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school.This medication is taken by mouth and does not work right away. It should not be used for sudden attacks of breathing trouble. Your doctor may prescribe a quick-relief inhaler for sudden shortness of breath/asthma attacks while you are on this medication. Always have the quick-relief inhaler with you. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.How to use albuterol sulfate oralTake this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually 3 or 4 times daily. Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Adults and children older than 12 years should not take more than 32 milligrams a day. Children aged 6 to 12 years should not take more than 24 milligrams a day.

Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same times each day. Do not increase your dose or take it more frequently than prescribed.Learn which of your medications you should use every day and which you should use if your breathing suddenly worsens. Ask your doctor what to do if you have worsening cough shortness of breath, wheezing, increased sputum, worsening peak flowmeter readings, increased use of your quick-relief inhaler, or if your quick-relief inhaler does not seem to be working well. Learn when you can self-medicate and when you should get medical help right away.

A S T H M

A

What Causes Asthma?

The exact cause of asthma isn't known. Researchers think some genetic and environmental factors interact to cause asthma, most often early in life. These factors include:

An inherited tendency to develop allergies, called atopy (AT-o-pe)

Parents who have asthma Certain respiratory infections during childhood Contact with some airborne allergens or

exposure to some viral infections in infancy or in early childhood when the immune system is developing

If asthma or atopy runs in your family, exposure to irritants (for example, tobacco smoke) might make your airways more reactive to substances in the air.

Some factors might be more likely to cause asthma in certain people than in others. Researchers continue to explore what causes asthma.

The Hygiene Hypothesis

One theory researchers have for what causes asthma is called the hygiene hypothesis. They believe that our Western lifestyle—with its

emphasis on hygiene and sanitation—has resulted in changes in our living conditions and an overall decline in infections in early childhood.

Many young children no longer have the same types of environmental exposures and infections as children did in the past. This affects the way that young children's immune systems develop during very early childhood, and it may increase their risk for atopy and asthma. This is especially true for children who have close family members with one or both of these conditions.

asth·ma

ˈazmə/noun

1.1.a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It usually results from an allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity.

1.What are the symptoms of asthma?

... Common asthma symptoms include: Coughing, especially at night Wheezing Shortness of breath ...

Common signs and symptoms of asthma include:

Coughing. Coughing from asthma often is worse at night or early in the morning, making it hard to sleep.

Wheezing. ...... Asthma signs and symptoms include:

Shortness of breath Chest tightness or pain Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath,

coughing or wheezing ...

ASTHMA FACTS

Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the lung airways that causes coughing, chest tightness, wheezing or shortness of breath.

An estimated 22 million Americans have asthma; 6.5 million are under 18.

Asthma mortality is 4,000 deaths per year. Mortality is especially high among Puerto

Ricans and African-Americans. Puerto Ricans are four times more likely and African Americans are three times more likely to die of asthma than Caucasians.

Asthma results in 497,000 hospitalizations and 1.8 million emergency room visits.

Asthma is the most common chronic illness in childhood, accounting for 12.8 million missed school days each year. It also accounts for 10.1 million lost work days for adults.

The estimated economic cost of asthma is $19.7 billion annually.

Direct medical expenditures associated with asthma, including hospital care, physicians’

services and medications, are estimated at $14.7 billion annually.

Indirect medical expenditures, including lost work days for adults suffering from asthma or caring for children with asthma and lost future earnings from premature deaths associated with asthma, total $5 billion annually.

Triggers that can initiate an asthma attack include allergens such as pollen, dust, animal dander, drugs and food additives, as well as viral respiratory infections and physical exertion. Obesity, use of acetaminophen and exposure to formaldehyde and other volatile organic substances are identified as new risk factors for asthma.

Asthma is often hereditary. Weather conditions such as extremely dry, wet

or windy weather can worsen an asthma condition.

Effective asthma treatment includes monitoring the disease with a peak flow meter, identifying and avoiding allergen triggers, using drug therapies including bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents, and developing an emergency plan for severe attacks.

There are two types of asthma medications: long-term control and quick-relief medications. Long-term control medications are preventive, taken daily to achieve and maintain control of asthma symptoms. Quick-relief medications are used to treat asthma attacks. They relieve symptoms rapidly and are taken on an as-needed basis.

One of the most effective medications for controlling asthma is inhaled corticosteroids, which are anti-inflammatory medications. Taken early and as directed, these well-tolerated and safe medications can improve asthma control, normalize lung function, and possibly prevent irreversible injury to lung airways.

Combination therapy (inhaled corticosteroid plus a long-acting beta2-agonist) is the preferred treatment for asthma when inhaled corticosteroids alone do not control the disease.

Immunotherapy or allergy vaccinations should be considered if asthma is triggered by exposure to unavoidable allergens, if symptoms occur year-round or during a majority of the year, or if it is difficult to control symptoms with medication.

Need more information? 

     Lung Health Information Line:              1-888-344-LUNG (5864)     info@on.lung.ca

    Su bscribe   to our eNewsletters

Asthma No Attacks Hotline1-866-NO-ATTACKS (1-866-662-8822)www.noattacks.org

Allergy and Asthma Network *Mothers of Asthmatics www.aanma.org 1-800-878-4403

American Lung Association 1-800-586-4872 www.lungusa.org Visit this site to obtain phone numbers for local chapters.

Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America www.aafa.org 1-800-727-8462, 7 a.m. - midnight

CERTAIN FOODSMany people find that foods containing the preservative sulfite can trigger their asthma symptoms. If you have been suffering from flare-ups, take a look at what you are eating and drinking. It may take a while to figure out what foods—if any—trigger your asthma symptoms. Tracking the foods you eat and how you react to them can give you valuable information about possible food triggers. Some common culprits are: Beer Wine Shrimp Dried fruit Processed potatoes

COCKROACHES

Many people with asthma are allergic to the dried droppings and remains of cockroaches. Keep all food out of your bedroom. Keep food and garbage in closed containers

(never leave food out). Use bait or traps to eliminate cockroaches. If a spray is used to kill roaches, stay out of the

room until the odor goes away.Moisture causes mold, so getting rid of excess water in your house or workplace may help get rid of mold. Fix leaky faucets, pipes, and other sources of

water. Clean mold off surfaces with a cleaner that has

bleach in it. Replace or wash moldy shower curtains. Open a window or turn on the exhaust fan when

you shower.

Some people are allergic to the dander (the flakes of skin), dried saliva, or urine that comes from animals with fur or feathers. Even feathers in a pillow can cause allergic reactions or asthma symptoms. Giving up your beloved pet may not be an option, so if your symptoms get worse around your pet, try the following tips: Avoid having too many pets; the more pets you

have, the more allergens there will be. When your pet comes in from outdoors, wipe it

with a damp cloth. Bathing your dog or cat weekly may cut down on

its dander. (Your cat may prefer a damp-cloth rubdown.)

Ask someone who doesn't have asthma to do all pet grooming and bathing outdoors.

Ask someone who doesn't have asthma to change your cat's litter box.

Don't allow pets in your bedroom. If possible, make a comfortable home for your

pet outdoors.

POLLEN AND OUTDOOR MOLDMore than half of the approximately 25.7 million Americans with asthma also have allergies, including allergies to pollen and outdoor mold. If you're one of them, allergy season can be tough on your asthma. And if you have multiple allergies, it also can be long: tree and flower pollens cause problems in early spring, grass pollens strike in late spring and early summer, and weed pollens are active in late summer. While you can't avoid pollen entirely, the following tips may help you weather the seasons: Try to keep your windows closed. A strong wind

may carry pollen right through an open window into your home.

If possible, stay indoors with your windows closed during the late morning and afternoon hours, when ragweed and other pollen and mold-spore counts are highest.

Heat, humidity, and air pollution can cause your asthma symptoms to worsen, so if you have air conditioning, try to keep it on.

Iv’e had this condition since I was 6 months old.

The doctors discovered I have Asthma

WHO

WHAT

Doctors discovered it when ii was rushed to the hospital at the age of 6 months.

WHEN

WHERE

At Miami children hospital.

My mom was feeding me milk in the bottle. When suddenly,

WHY

HOW

it started coming out through my nose. My mom says it was as if I was grasping for air. My mom immediately drove me to my pediatrician. That is how it was discovered that I have asthma.