BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 50132-7:1996

Alarm systems CCTV surveillance systems for use in security applications

Part 7: Application guidelines

The European Standard EN 50132-7:1996 has the status of a British Standard

ICS 13.320

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BS EN 50132-7:1996

This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1996

BSI 10-1998

The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference GW/1 Draft for comment 95/520771 DC

ISBN 0 580 26319 3

Committees responsible for this British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee GW/1, Electronic security systems, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Association of British InsurersAssociation of Chief Police Officers of England and WalesAssociation of Security ConsultantsBritish Security Industry AssociationBritish Telecommunications plcConsumer Policy Committee of BSIDepartment of the Environment (Security Facilities Executive (SSG))Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)Electrical Contractors AssociationElectrical Installation Equipment Manufacturers Association (BEAMA Ltd.)European Association of Security Equipment ManufacturersFire Brigades UnionNational Approval Council for Security SystemsSecurity Systems and Alarms Inspection Board

The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels:

British Gas plcHome Office Crime Prevention CentreMetropolitan PolicePost OfficeSecurity Industry Training Organization

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

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Contents

PageCommittees responsible Inside front coverNational foreword ii

Foreword 2Text of EN 50132-7 3

List of references Inside back cover

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BS EN 50132-7:1996

ii BSI 10-1998

National foreword

This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee GW/1 and is the English language version of EN 50132-7 Alarm systems CCTV surveillance systems for use in security applications Part 7: Application guidelines, published by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC).A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover.This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPENNE

EUROPISCHE NORM

EN 50132-7

June 1996

ICS 13.320

Descriptors: Warning systems, security devices, inspection devices, television systems, motion-pictures, cameras, definition, performance evaluation, design, categories, installation, maintenance

English version

Alarm systems CCTV surveillance systems for use in security applications

Part 7: Application guidelines

Systmes dalarme Systmes de surveillance CCTV usage dans les applications de scuritPartie 7: Directives dapplication

Alarmanlagen CCTV-berwachungsanlagen fr Sicherungsanwendungen Teil 7: Anwendungsregeln

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1995-11-28.CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC InternalRegulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standardthe status of a national standard without any alteration.Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to anyCENELEC member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,German). A version in any other language made by translation under theresponsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to theCentral Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria,Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland andUnited Kingdom.

CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels

1996 Copyright reserved to CENELEC members Ref. No. EN 50132-7:1996 E

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EN 50132-7:1996

BSI 10-19982

Foreword

This European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 79, Alarm systems.The text of the draft was submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50132-7 on 1995-11-28.The following dates were fixed:

EN 50132 will consist of the following Parts, under the general title Alarm systems CCTV surveillance systems for use in security applications.

Part 1: System requirements; Part 2-1: Black and white cameras; Part 2-2: Colour cameras; Part 2-3: Lenses; Part 2-4: Ancillary equipment; Part 3: Local and main control unit; Part 4-1: Black and white monitors; Part 4-2: Colour monitors; Part 4-3: Recording equipment; Part 4-4: Hard copy equipment; Part 4-5: Video motion detection equipment; Part 5: Video transmission; Part 6: (free); Part 7: Application guidelines.

NOTE Except for this Part 7, all Parts of the EN 50132 series are still under consideration.

Contents

PageIntroduction 31 Scope 32 Normative references 33 Definitions and abbreviations 33.1 Definitions 33.2 Abbreviations 54 General considerations 5

Page5 Operational requirement 55.1 Purpose of the operational

requirement 55.2 Contents of the operational

requirement 56 System operational criteria 66.1 Determining operational procedures 66.2 Alarm response 66.3 System response times 67 System design criteria 67.1 Surveillance zone determination

criteria 77.2 Criteria for determining the number

of cameras and their location 77.3 Camera and lens selection criteria 77.4 Camera selection 77.5 Lens selection 77.6 Recommended object sizes 77.7 Ancillary equipment 87.8 Evaluation of scene and illumination 87.9 Selection of the video transmission

system 97.10 Control centre configuration 97.11 System specification 107.12 System test specification 108 Installation 118.1 Planning the installation 118.2 Cable installation 118.3 Hardware mounting 118.4 Documentation 119 Commissioning and hand-over 1110 Maintenance 1210.1 Modifications 12Annex A (informative) Rotakin test 13A.1 The Rotakin test target method 13A.2 Specification of the Rotakin test target 13A.3 Bibliography 14Annex B (informative) Glossary of terms 16Figure 1 8Figure A.1 the ROTAKIN test target 15Table A.1 Principle dimensions 13Table A.2 14

latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 1996-11-01

latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 1996-11-01

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EN 50132-7:1996

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IntroductionThe purpose of this standard is to provide guidance to ensure that closed circuit television (CCTV) system functions and their performance are fully met.This standard will prove useful to those responsible for establishing operational requirements, writing specifications, selecting, installing, commissioning, using and maintaining a CCTV system.Closed circuit television, in its simplest form, is a means of providing images from a television camera for viewing on a monitor via a private transmission system. There is no theoretical limit to the number of cameras and monitors which may be used in a CCTV surveillance installation but in practice this will be limited by the efficient combination of control and display equipment and the operators ability to manage the system.The successful operation of a CCTV system requires the active co-operation of the user in carrying out the recommended procedures.

1 ScopeThis standard gives recommendations for the selection, planning and installation of closed circuit television systems comprising of camera(s) with monitor(s) and/or video recorder(s), switching, control and ancillary equipment for use in security applications.The objectives of this standard are:

a) to provide a framework to assist customers, installers and users in establishing their requirements;b) to assist specifiers and users in determining the appropriate equipment required for a given application;c) to provide means of evaluating objectively the performance of an installed system.

2 Normative referencesRelated standards for systems and equipment using CCTV in security applications are:CCIR report 624-4, Characteristics of television systems.CCIR recommendation 567-3, Transmission performance of television circuits.

3 Definitions and abbreviations3.1 Definitions

For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions apply:

3.1.1 CCTV system; CCTV surveillance system

a system consisting of camera equipment, monitoring and associated equipment for transmission and controlling purposes, which may be necessary for the surveillance of a defined security zone

3.1.2 CCTV surveillance installation

an installation consisting of the hardware and software components of a CCTV system, fully installed and operational for monitoring a defined security zone

3.1.3 CCTV camera

a unit containing an imaging device producing a video signal from an optical image

3.1.4 CCTV camera equipment

a unit containing a CCTV camera plus appropriate lens and necessary ancillary equipment

3.1.5 camera housing

an enclosure to provide physical and/or environmental protection of the camera, lens and ancillary equipment

3.1.6 composite video signal (CVS)

the video output signal of a black and white (b/w) camera comprising the picture component (video), black reference (blanking) and the synchronisation components (synchronisation)

3.1.7 composite colour video signal (CCVS)

the video output signal of a colour camera comprising the burst and colour information (colour) the picture luminance component (video), black reference (blanking) and the synchronisation components (synchronisation)

3.1.8 external synchronisation

a method of feeding reference timing signals to all connected devices to ensure that their video output signals are synchronous

3.1.9 camera sensitivity

imaging device illumination necessary to produce a defined composite (colour) video signal amplitude with a defined signal to noise ratio

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3.1.10 imaging device illumination

the level of illumination (illuminance) at the photosensitive surface of the imaging device

3.1.11 imaging device

a device that converts an optical image into an electrical signal

3.1.12 image sensor size

the size of the light sensitive surface of the imaging deviceNOTE The value is expressed in inches and refers to the diameter of the glass tube from which the camera tubes are constructed.Some examples of sizes are:

1-inch for 12,8 9,6 mm (16 mm diagonal) 2/3-inch for 8,8 6,6 mm (11 mm diagonal) 1/2-inch for 6,4 4,8 mm (8 mm diagonal) 1/3-inch for 4,8 3,6 mm (6 mm diagonal)

3.1.13 scene illumination

the level of illumination (illuminance) on the area to be kept under surveillance

3.1.14 scene reflectance

the proportion of the scene illumination reflected by that scene

3.1.15 electronic shutter

an arrangement in the camera changing its sensitivity by electronically controlling its exposure time

3.1.16 electronic iris

an automatic electronic shutter which varies the camera sensitivity in relation to the varying light conditions in order to maintain the video output signal within defined limits

3.1.17 lens

an optical device for projecting an image of a desired scene onto the photo sensitive surface of the imaging device

3.1.18 focal length (f)

a property of a lens, expressed in mm, giving the angle of view for a given sensor size

3.1.19 zoom lens

a lens with adjustable focal length, in which the image of the scene remains in focus as the focal length is changed

3.1.20 aperture number of the Lens (F)

the index of the theoretical light gathering power of the lens, expressed as the ratio of the effective diameter of the lens (entrance pupil) to the focal length

3.1.21 transmission number of lens (T)

the index of the actual light gathering power of the lens

3.1.22 ramping

a characteristic of some zoom lenses whereby the effective aperture of the lens decreases as the focal length is increased

3.1.23 iris

a variable aperture mechanism which regulates the amount of light passing through the lens onto the imaging device of the CCTV camera

3.1.24 CCTV control unit

equipment for controlling and monitoring the required operational functions of the CCTV system

3.1.25 video matrix

a unit for connecting several input video signals to several outputs

3.1.26 video switcher

a unit for switching a number of video input signals to one or more outputs manually or automatically or on receipt of an external signal

3.1.27 pan and tilt unit

a motorised unit permitting the vertical and horizontal positioning of the camera equipment

3.1.28 preset shot

a function in pan and tilt units and/or zoom lenses, which allows automatic return to one or more predetermined positions

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3.1.29 character generator

a device for generating alpha numeric characters and/or symbols and adding them into the image

3.1.30 time/date generator

a device for generating time and date and adding them into the image

3.1.31 video equalising amplifier

equipment for correcting gain and frequency related distortions in the video signal

3.1.32 slow scan transmission

the transmission of a series of non-real time images or part images, by means of analogue or digital signals over limited bandwidth transmission media

3.1.33 (video) monitor

a device for converting video signals into pictures on a display screen

3.1.34 picture storage

the storing of video images

3.1.35 time lapse recording

the periodical recording of video signals at pre-defined intervals

3.1.36 event recording

the event controlled recording or storing of image signals for a pre-determined time

3.1.37 time multiplex recording

a method of recording several video signals on one video channel by time multiplexing the frames of these video signals

3.1.38 video printer

equipment for converting a video signal into an image on paper

3.2 Abbreviations

3.2.1 CCIR

comit Consultatif International des Radiocommunication (International Radio Consultative Committee)

3.2.2 CCTV

closed circuit television

3.2.3 EMC

electro-magnetic compatibility

4 General considerationsA CCTV system is the combination of camera equipment, lighting, signal transmission, monitors, etc. selected and installed to meet the customers security surveillance requirements.The recommended procedure for designing the CCTV system is as follows:

a) develop the operational requirement.b) design the system.c) agree on the specification.d) install and commission the system.e) hand over the system to the customer.f) maintenance.

5 Operational requirementPersons without appropriate knowledge and expertise may have to become involved in the interpretation of specifications for CCTV surveillance systems and one approach to this is to write an operational requirement for subsequent development into a full technical specification by a suitably qualified person.

5.1 Purpose of the operational requirement

The operational requirement is a key document for system designers. It states clearly what the customer expects the functions of the system to do. The development process encourages clear thinking about what, where, when and by whom and in particular the why of the system. It is produced by managers, operators and in particular those who use information from pictures gathered by the system. The later stages of development should involve those with the necessary skills to convert statements into a technical specification and test procedures. At appropriate stages checks need to be made to ensure that the proposed implementation will meet the operational requirement. Without an operational requirement and a matching test procedure there is no guarantee that the system will meet its required purpose.

5.2 Contents of the operational requirement

The operational requirement should:a) define the level of security required (threat assessment);

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b) define the area/volume to be covered by the system (coverage);c) explain the purpose of covering each area/volume (function);d) decide the method for obtaining information from pictures (manual or automatic);e) define the tasks to be performed as a result of seeing each picture (outputs);f) define the response time expected from each part of the system (response time);g) decide the range of conditions under which the system and its components are expected to function (environment);h) decide where and when the tasks will be performed and by whom (control);i) decide on the worst case number of simultaneous events to which the system needs to respond (workload);j) decide on the training requirements (training);k) list any other special factors not covered by the above.

NOTE It may be that the operational requirement cannot be met with current technology. In this case the operational requirement should be amended to allow for this and the customer asked to agree that coverage/facilities might be restricted in areas of contention.

6 System operational criteriaThe system operational criteria involve determination of:

a) the operational procedures.b) the alarm response.c) the system response times.

6.1 Determining operational procedures

The principal task of the operator is to analyse the content of the displayed pictures and take any necessary actions.Maximum use should be made of automatic functions in order to free the operator for essential tasks.

6.1.1 Automation of the following functions should be considered:

a) video switching,b) selection of camera preposition,c) monitoring equipment;d) lighting control;e) picture storage;

6.1.2 Some of the above functions might be controlled from:

a) alarm conditions;b) external trigger;

c) timed events;d) manual intervention.

6.2 Alarm response

The signalling of an alarm condition to the CCTV system normally has priority over other inputs. However, irrespective of the degree of automation, the operator should be able to take manual control of the system after alarm.Automation of picture selection should take the following into consideration:

a) specifying those view(s) to be selected in each area where an alarm condition occurs;b) allocation of the monitors that display the pictures from those cameras. On screen display of the camera identification from a character generator and/or a mimic diagram of the installation can be useful;c) presentation of alarm pictures on designated monitors;d) handling of simultaneous alarm conditions;e) what pictures are to be stored.

6.3 System response times

The following response times should be kept to a minimum:

a) the time elapsing from the generation of an alarm signal and its signalling to the CCTV system;b) control centre switching on receipt of alarm;c) camera positioning if pre-set functions on the zoom lens and pan and tilt unit are used.d) monitoring equipment start up time or change from time lapse mode to normal mode if a time lapse recorder is used.e) operators response time if intervention is required.

To minimise response times, cameras, monitors, video recorders, etc. should be continuously on, and the system should not generate more information than the operators can effectively manage.

7 System design criteriaWhen designing a CCTV surveillance installation the following criteria should be taken into account bearing in mind the need to meet the operational requirement.

a) determination of the zones or objects requiring surveillance.b) determination of the number of cameras, and their locations, required to monitor the agreed zones or objects.c) evaluation of existing lighting and consideration of new or additional illumination.

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d) selection of cameras and equipment depending on the operating environmental conditions.e) control centre configuration.f) power supplies.g) determination of functional and operating procedures.h) maintenance.

More detail on some of these topics is covered in the following clauses.

7.1 Surveillance zone determination criteria

A CCTV surveillance installation is designed to monitor events of fundamental importance. These events might be hold up/theft, sabotage/vandalism, hazard, evacuation, etc.Typical examples of monitoring applications are:

a) perimeter surveillance.b) access control.c) safety.d) property protection.

7.2 Criteria for determining the number of cameras and their location

Once zones and objects requiring surveillance have been identified the number of cameras required can be determined by the fields of view of the cameras equipment and system resolution and the nature of the zones to be surveyed. Picture detail should be consistent and adequate for the required level of service.The operational requirement of the system and its use, as well as site constraints and service access, may restrict the camera location and increase the possibility of further cameras being required.

7.3 Camera and lens selection criteria

The selection criteria should take into account the following:

a) for camera sensitivity and aperture number of the lens, the prevailing and intended worst case light levels and types of light including IR, etc;b) the focal length of the lens in relation to the size of the image sensor in the camera to give the required fields of view;c) the resolution of the camera and lens to reproduce the detail to give the necessary information in the fields of view;d) the camera lens combination should be capable of operating in the expected maximum and minimum light levels;e) the lens image area should be equal to or greater than the effective diagonal of the imaging device in the camera.

7.4 Camera selection

7.4.1 The selection criteria should take into account the following:

a) the camera equipment should satisfy the operational requirement under all specified environmental conditions;b) safety regulations relating to the site.

7.4.2 Points to take into consideration:

a) white balance of colour cameras;b) electronic iris in relation to picture degrading for highlights;c) long exposure times in relation to movement blur;d) spectral sensitivity in relation to the type of illumination;e) external synchronisation;f) back-up power supply.

7.5 Lens selection

Selection of the correct lens type is as important as the camera selection. A poor lens performance can significantly detract from the overall performance of the system. When selecting the lens the following should be taken into account:

a) The lens field of view (indicated in the manufacturers nominal figure tables) may be reduced by any overscan in the display device;b) the illumination of the sensor in the camera is defined by the aperture number of the lens and its transmission number, which is dependent on the design of the lens;c) internal lens reflections and ghosting can significantly impair the image;d) some zoom lenses are subject to ramping whereby the effective aperture number of the lens increases as the focal length is increased.e) accuracy of the preset shots if fitted.

NOTE Having selected the camera-lens combination, it is recommended that, for difficult scenes, a camera of the type selected should be evaluated in conditions similar to those to be encountered at the installation.

7.6 Recommended object sizes

The size of an object (target) on the monitor screen should have a relation to the operator task, e.g. identification, recognition, detection or monitoring. If the target is a person and the CCTV system has an installed limiting resolution of better than 400 tv lines, the recommended minimum sizes of this target are:

a) for identification the target should represent not less than 120% of screen height.b) for recognition the target should represent not less than 50% of picture height.

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c) for detection of an intruder the target should represent not less than 10% of picture height.d) for crowd control (monitoring) the target should represent not less than 5% of picture height.

Figure 1 gives an indication of the relative sizes of a person (target) on screen.

7.7 Ancillary equipment

It is important to select and install the correct ancillary equipment for mounting the cameras. In addition to the environmental conditions listed in the operational requirements, the following should be taken into account:

7.7.1 Camera housings

a) vandal resistance.b) internal temperature rise as a function of equipment heat dissipation.c) camera and lens mounting arrangement should allow for the separation of video signal earth and housing and local safety earth.d) access to the camera and lens, etc. for maintenance.

7.7.2 Pan and tilt units

a) platform loading.b) torque figures in relation to unbalanced platform loading and wind load.c) pan and tilt unit backlash on both axes.d) speed and range of movement of pan and tilt.e) accuracy of the preset shots, if fitted.

7.7.3 Towers and brackets:

a) fixing positions should allow for mechanical stability, future access and safe working. Planning considerations and architectural requirements should be taken into account.b) brackets and towers should be selected to support the maximum weight of the equipment and to provide sufficient rigidity for the camera equipment and other devices. As a general rule, the narrower the angle of view, the more rigid are the mounting requirements.The rigidity of camera equipment fixings and the possibility of shock and vibration should also be taken into account.c) camera towers should preferably be of the winch down or pivot type and be positioned to provide safe access for service.d) no equipment should be mounted near overhead high voltage cables.e) anti tamper devices should be employed where it is required.f) mounting equipment siting should not compromise the overall security of the site.g) moving cameras should have sufficient clearance from adjacent objects.

7.8 Evaluation of scene and illumination

The existing lighting should be evaluated for the level, direction and spectral content. Optimal light sources are those which have a spectrum that best matches the camera imaging device response. If additional lighting is required, the number, type, siting and power of the light sources should be determined taking the following parameters into consideration:

a) light efficiency and photometric performance of the light source.b) area to be surveyed by cameras.c) sensitivity and spectral response of the cameras, particularly colour cameras.d) reflectance of the materials making up the majority of the surveyed area.e) time delay to reach the specified light output of the lamp after application of power.

Figure 1

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f) the loss of light output of the lamp due to ageing and lamp failure.g) the new or additional light source selected should give acceptable pictures under all likely working conditions.h) illumination over the scene being surveyed should be as even as possible avoiding any area of very low light illumination. The ratio of maximum to minimum illumination within the covered area of any scene should ideally be 4 : 1 or better.i) where possible lights should be mounted so that they do not impair the camera picture quality. The preferred position for the light is above the camera. The camera should not view the scene through intense beams of light.j) there should be safe access to the lamps for bulb changing.k) particular attention should be paid to the direction of illumination. The aim is to produce a maximum of contrast for intruder detection. An object can only be detected if its brightness is different to that of its background.l) for identification and recognition purposes, illumination should enable detailed features of the object as stated in the operational requirement to be observed.m) constant illumination or quickly changing lighting conditions.n) static or transient highlights in a uniform picture.o) environmental influences on visibility like rain, fog, etc.

7.9 Selection of the video transmission system

There are many methods of video transmission and the suitability of a particular method for a given application should be carefully evaluated.Video transmission may be as simple as a single coaxial cable or as complex as a microwave link or a mix of different transmission means.Consideration should be given to prevailing and potential environmental conditions in those areas where the equipment and/or cables are to be installed.

7.9.1 Main video transmission systems are:

The main video transmission systems are:a) coaxial cable: The type of cable chosen should have a characteristic impedance of 75 Ohms. For long cable runs amplifying or amplifying plus video equalising equipment may be required to meet the above performance.

b) twisted pair transmission: The system uses standard twisted pair cable, typically 120-150 ohm balanced pairs, which requires specialised transmission and receiving equipment.c) Micro wave and radio frequency transmission: Correct alignment of transmitting and receiving equipment is essential. Systems normally need regulatory authority approval.d) infra red and laser transmission: This is a line of sight system applicable only to unobstructed signal paths.The output of some transmitting devices can cause eye damage therefore warning labels must be fitted according to the appropriate safety standards. Alignment and rigidity of transmitting and receiving equipment is important. The transmission may be affected by fog, rain, snow etc. and the range can be reduced by such phenomena and this should be taken into account.e) fibre optic transmission: Commonly available types, together with the appropriate fibre optic connectors should be used. The transmission system should have sufficient dynamic range to overcome all likely system losses and a minimum of 3 cable repairs.f) slow scan transmission: A system suitable for both public and private telephone and data networks. Many systems are available with widely varying connection and transmission speeds and resolution. System selection should be carefully evaluated against the operational requirement.

7.9.2 Selection criteria for video transmission

Considerations for the selection of a transmission means or a combination of different means are:

a) bandwidth of the transmission path.b) signal to noise ratio.c) signal distortion.d) distance to be covered.e) interference immunity.f) security of communication.g) constraints in physical installation.

NOTE Signal to noise ratio and signal distortion are cumulative and can cause picture degradation.

7.10 Control centre configuration

The operational requirement and personnel available are the factors determining the number of control locations and equipment configuration of the control centre.

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These parameters may be totally different at each site. In general, surveillance activities should be concentrated at a centre sited in protected premises. The control centre configuration criteria may be divided into:

a) system parameters.b) site constraints.c) number of monitors and their screen size.d) use of picture storage.e) video switcher.f) camera control panel.g) equipment siting.h) equipment power dissipation and the possible need for air conditioning.

7.10.1 System parameters

The system parameters are used to determine the number of monitors, possible requirement for and types of picture storage equipment (e.g. video tape recorders), and other equipment such as video printers, etc.

7.10.2 Site constraints

The site constraints determine the location and physical lay-out of the (central) CCTV control unit.

7.10.3 Number of monitors and their screen size

The number of monitors should be determined on the basis of:

a) the number of cameras installed.b) functional considerations.c) the number of operators on duty at one time.

The camera to monitor ratio should normally not exceed 10 : 1.The number of monitors should be sufficient to display the maximum number of simultaneous alarms as stated in the operational requirement.The monitor screen size should be selected in relation to the viewing distance. The recommended viewing distance is approx. 5 times the displayed picture diagonal.

7.10.4 Use of picture storage devices

The use of at least one picture storage device, e.g. video recorder, fitted with a time/date generator, is recommended at each site.NOTE Picture storage equipment may lead to loss of picture quality.

The following factors should be considered when determining the number of picture storage devices required.

a) event driven real time recording (event recording).b) system parameters defined in the operational requirement.

c) possible use of time multiplex recording.d) whether loss of recording during media changes or play-back is acceptable.

7.10.5 Video switcher and video matrix

The design of the video switcher or matrix is directly related to:

a) the number of cameras.b) the number of outputs for monitors etc.c) grouping criteria, camera/monitor/control configuration.d) manual, automatic or sequential switching.e) alarm handling.

7.10.6 Equipment siting

The following criteria should be used for control equipment siting:

a) the control desk should be ergonomically designed with particular attention being paid to monitor siting in order to avoid reflections from extraneous light sources from the monitor screens.b) video storage equipment and storage media should be installed in protected areas, preferably inaccessible to unauthorised persons.c) control equipment should be suitably protected.

7.11 System specification

The system design criteria lead to the specification of the system. The specification shows the location of the equipment, the surveyed zones and the technical specification of the equipment in the system.

7.12 System test specification

Once a satisfactory specification has been produced a system test specification can be drawn up. The system test specification should cover tests which will be used for acceptance testing the system and tests to be carried out in a periodic test scheme. Care should be taken that such tests are selected to ensure that the system will fully meet its operational requirement. Points to be covered should be agreed between the customer and the supplier.The level of visual performance testing may include:

a) visual examination of displayed picture quality and coverage of the surveyed areas.b) as a) above, accompanied by a walk test.c) as a) above, accompanied by a standardised test target (see annex A).

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8 Installation8.1 Planning the installation

Prior to commencing work all relevant Safety Requirements should be considered. These will vary with the nature of the premises and may involve special installation equipment when working in hazardous areas.Electric installation methods should comply with current national and site regulations and the installation should be carried out by technicians who are qualified to the appropriate level.

8.2 Cable installation

a) Cable routes should be planned to provide the shortest practical distance between the equipment locations. Consideration should be given to the possibilities of future expansion of the system and any likely changes to the site.b) When selecting cables consideration should be given to possible voltage drop and signal loss. Environmental, safety and security aspects should be taken into consideration and cables should be marked with the appropriate ratings.c) When fibre optic cables are used, loss figures should allow for a minimum of three cable repairs during the life of the system. Bending radius should be within the manufacturers specification.d) Overhead cable runs should be avoided wherever possible. If this is not possible, the clearance height should allow for stretching of the support wire and fixings should comply to the current standard.e) Where cables are installed in underground ducts, a draw wire should be left in the duct for maintenance purposes.f) Protection should be provided for cables which are subject to mechanical damage or deliberate interference.g) Cable wiring to camera equipment with pan and tilt units should remain sufficiently flexible over the full environmental temperature range.h) Precautions should be taken during cable installation to ensure that moisture cannot penetrate; this is especially important, when using air spaced coax cables.

8.3 Hardware mounting

a) Fixings should be in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Environmental conditions may influence the choice of fixings.b) Earthing should take into consideration the possibility of lightning strikes and electrical interference. On winch down and pivot types of masts, earth continuity must allow for the mechanical joints.

8.4 Documentation

Sufficient documentation should be created to allow for the identification of all cables, their routing, type and purpose. The level of documentation will depend on the complexity of the individual system, however, it should be sufficient for correct operation, safe maintenance and future expansion of the system.

9 Commissioning and hand-overPrior to handing over the system to the customer, a qualified person should perform an inspection and test comprising of:

a) the visual and functional check of all parts of the CCTV surveillance installation. The basis for the functional check should be the test specification for the system developed from the operational requirement and system specification.

the visual test covers the standard of workmanship of the installation, the functional quality of the equipment and their compliance with the system specification. the functional test includes checking the functional compatibility of the components of the installation. inspection tests may be carried out on parts of the installation as they are completed.

b) confirmation that the operator manual and documentation for the system is complete.c) the performance specification and results from performance testing together with a signed inspection report.d) recommended maintenance schedule for the system if no maintenance contract has been agreed.e) if the operational requirement states that training is to be provided then the supplier should provide sufficient training to ensure correct operation of the system.

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EN 50132-7:1996

12 BSI 10-1998

10 MaintenanceSystems must be maintained periodically in accordance with the schedule supplied by the system designer or supplier. Where special test instruments and tools are required for maintenance, this should be stated in the maintenance plan. Prior to the maintenance the test instruments should be checked for correct calibration. When periodic tests are to be carried out during maintenance this should be stated in the schedule. Sufficient spare parts should be available to carry out any necessary repairs. The results of the periodic tests should be recorded and compared with previous tests.Maintenance and testing should only be carried out by qualified personnel.

10.1 Modifications

If modifications are made to the CCTV surveillance installation or to its configuration, the documentation should be updated and an inspection test carried out on the relevant parts of the system.

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EN 50132-7:1996

BSI 10-1998 13

Annex A (informative) Rotakin test

A.1 The Rotakin test target method

The Rotakin test method uses a standardised test target known as the Rotakin. It is used to evaluate the performance of a closed circuit television security system.The Rotakin test target is a panel simulating a silhouette of a person and is illustrated in Figure A.1. The target panel bears high contrast resolution bars and a wedge chart. These markings are incidental to the basic test procedure but are provided as a means of evaluating the resolution of the system.

A.1.1 Test methodology

The Rotakin can be used to test coverage, determining acceptable image height, resolution and contrast of the image of the target.The Rotakin can be clad in camouflage or other suitable material as appropriate to the site but a camouflage with standard reflection characteristics is recommended.The Rotakin can be mounted on a stand fitted with a small motor to allow it to rotate to simulate a moving target.

A.1.2 Coverage

The Rotakin is placed at strategic positions within the area of coverage as defined by the operational requirements or system specification, and detectability at each location is confirmed. This test should be carried out over the total light range over which the system is intended to operate.

A.1.3 Image height

The Rotakin should be place at strategic points within the coverage as indicated above and the images of the Rotakin as presented on the monitor screen measured. The image heights, as a percentage of the displayed screen height, should be recorded. It should be confirmed that these figures comply with the operational requirement or system specification.

A.1.4 Contrast

The Rotakin is placed at various strategic positions within the defined coverage. An image of the view containing the Rotakin is presented to the operator and the image contrast is evaluated. This test should be repeated for the various positions and the results recorded. Note should be made of the appearance of the target on the monitor. It should be described in term of: very clear, clear, indistinct or not discernible or score it as 3, 2, 1 or 0.

A.1.5 Resolution

The Rotakin should be used to check the resolution of the system. The results should be recorded for all cameras.

A.2 Specification of the Rotakin test target

A.2.1 Dimensions and shape

The principal dimensions of the target panel are given in Table A.1; refer to Figure A.1 for illustration:

Table A.1 Principle dimensions

NOTE The shape of the neck joining to the torso is arbitrary but must not exceed the maximum head width. The torso corners are rounded for the safety of users.

A.2.2 Markings and colour

The target body panel bears a number of standard size markings as an aid to the assessment of image quality.The markings must be high contrast over the spectral response range of the imaging system to be tested.The body panel is low reflectance throughout the visible spectrum extending to at least 950 nm. For detection tests or to influence its visibility the target may be clothed in any appropriate material or colour.Table A.2 gives the dimensions of the scale markings identified A to M on the target and their relationship to the measurement of tv lines (per picture height) for a CCIR 625 line system.On the wedge of alternating white and black bars, A to H, are locations where the width of a black and a white cycle is given in the table. The ratio of height to width of each of the individual bars in markings identified as J to M should not be less than 3 : 1.The axis of symmetry of a pair of parallel lines passes through the axis of rotation of the target allowing the effect of exposure time on moving image quality to be investigated. The lines are 20 mm wide and 20 mm apart (corresponding to the line pair width of K in Table A.2), broken every 70 mm along their length; the sections are numbered 1 to 6.

Dimensionsmm

Tolerancemm

overall height 1600 0/-50

overall width 400 0/-25

body height 1000 0/-25

head height 300 0/-25

head width 200 0/-25

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Table A.2

The target has stylised facial features, black on white at one end, white on black at the other.

A.2.3 Rotation

The target may be mounted on a stand to rotate about the intersection of its principle major axes. This mounting point would normally be located one metre above ground level. The rotation speed should normally be 25 revolutions/minute.Normally the orientation of the target would be with the body panel vertical, facing the camera under test.Rotation of the target allows evaluation of the effect of exposure time on moving image quality. This is carried out by determining in which section (between 1 and 6) the individual lines of the pair of parallel lines are just distinguishable.

A.3 Bibliography

Performance testing CCTV perimeter surveillance systems (A handbook for use of the Rotakin standard test target).Version 1.0, by J. Aldridge and C. Gilbert.P.S.D.B. publication No. 14/95, ISBN 1 85 893536 9Supplier of the Rotakin test target:Beard & Fitch Ltd.,Unit 1, Crammond Park,Lovet Road,Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TF,United Kingdom

Marking reference

Width of line pair

Tv lines per picture height (625 line system) when the target occupies given percentage screen height

(mm/cycle) 100% 50% 20% 10% 5%

A 6,4 500 1000 2500 5000 10000

B 7,1 450 900 2250 4500 9000

C 8,0 400 800 2000 4000 8000

D 9,1 350 700 1750 3500 7000

E 10,07 300 600 1500 3000 6000

F 12,8 250 500 1250 2500 5000

G 16,0 200 400 1000 2000 4000

H 21,3 150 300 750 1500 3000

J 32,0 100 200 500 1000 2000

K 40,0 80 160 400 800 1600

L 80,0 40 80 200 400 800

M 160,0 20 40 100 200 400

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Figure A.1 the ROTAKIN test target

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EN 50132-7:1996

16 BSI 10-1998

Annex B (informative)Glossary of termsThe terminology used in the domain of CCTV surveillance systems for use in security applications should be interpreted as defined in this annex.

B.1 aperture number of the Lens (F): The index of the theoretical light gathering power of the lens, expressed as the ratio of the effective diameter of the lens (entrance pupil) to the focal length.

B.2 automatic iris: A mechanism for controlling the iris of the lens in relation to the scene illumination depending on the video signal.

B.3 auto pan function: A function that allows automatic panning between adjustable limits.

B.4 back focus: The distance between the external surface of the lens which is closest to the imaging device (last lens vertex), and the focal point.

B.5 camera housing: An enclosure to provide physical and/or environmental protection of the camera, lens and ancillary equipment.

B.6 camera sensitivity: Imaging device illumination necessary to produce a defined composite (colour) video signal amplitude with a defined signal to noise ratio.

B.7 CCTV camera: A unit containing an imaging device producing a video signal from an optical image.

B.8 CCTV camera equipment: A unit containing a CCTV camera plus appropriate lens and necessary ancillary equipment.

B.9 CCTV control unit: Equipment for controlling and monitoring the required operational functions of the CCTV system.

B.10 CCTV surveillance installation: An installation consisting of the hardware and software components of a CCTV system, fully installed and operational for monitoring a defined security zone.

B.11 CCTV system: A system consisting of camera equipment, monitoring and associated equipment for transmission and controlling purposes, which may be necessary for the surveillance of a defined security zone.

B.12 central CCTV control unit: A unit for monitoring and controlling a number of local CCTV control units.

B.13 character generator: A device for generating alpha numeric characters and/or symbols and adding them into the image.

B.14 composite colour video signal (CCVS): The video output signal of a colour camera comprising the burst and colour information (colour) the picture luminance component (video), black reference (blanking) and the synchronisation components (synchronisation).

B.15 composite video signal (CVS): The video output signal of a black and white (b/w) camera comprising the picture component (video), black reference (blanking) and the synchronisation components (synchronisation).

B.16 depth of focus: The range of distances from the lens over which the image appears acceptably sharp.

B.17 electronic iris: An automatic electronic shutter which varies the camera sensitivity in relation to the varying light conditions in order to maintain the video output signal within defined limits.

B.18 electronic shutter: An arrangement in the camera changing its sensitivity by electronically controlling its exposure time.

B.19 event recording: The event controlled recording or storing of image signals for a pre-determined time.

B.20 external synchronisation: A method of feeding reference timing signals to all connected devices to ensure that their video output signals are synchronous.

B.21 fixed focal length lens: A lens with one defined focal length.

B.22 filter mount: The attachment point on a lens for mounting an optical filter.

B.23 flange back distance: The distance between the surface of the lens mount flange to the focal point.

B.24 focal length (f): A property of a lens, expressed in mm, giving the angle of view for a given sensor size.

B.25 focusing mechanism of the lens: A mechanism on the lens enabling correct focus of objects at various distances from the lens.

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B.26 imaging device: A device that converts an optical image into an electrical signal.

B.27 imaging device illumination: The level of illumination (illuminance) at the photosensitive surface of the imaging device.

B.28 image sensor size: The size of the light sensitive surface of the imaging device. The value is expressed in inches and refers to the diameter of the glass tube from which the camera tubes are constructed.

NOTE Some examples of sizes are: 1-inch for 12,8 9,6 mm (16 mm diagonal)

2/3-inch for 8,8 6,6 mm (11 mm diagonal)1/2-inch for 6,4 4,8 mm (8 mm diagonal)

1/3-inch for 4,8 3,6 mm (6 mm diagonal)

B.29 iris: A variable aperture mechanism which regulates the amount of light passing through the lens onto the imaging device of the CCTV camera.

B.30 lens: An optical device for projecting an image of a desired scene onto the photo sensitive surface of the imaging device.

B.31 lens mount: The mechanical interface between the lens and the camera.

B.32 local CCTV control unit: A unit for controlling and/or monitoring part of the overall CCTV system.

B.33 manual iris: A mechanism for manually adjusting the iris of the lens.

B.34 (video) monitor: A device for converting video signals into pictures on a display screen.

B.35 motorised iris: A motor driven mechanism on the lens for adjusting the iris.

B.36 nd-filter iris: An iris whose segments include neutral density filters with graded density for further reducing the optical transmission of the lens beyond that achievable by normal closing of the iris.

B.37 optical filter: A device that modifies specific optical properties of the light passing through it (e.g. spectral properties, image quality properties).

B.38 optical focus: The position of the focusing mechanism of a lens that gives the sharpest image of the desired object.

B.39 pan and tilt unit: A motorised unit permitting the vertical and horizontal positioning of the camera equipment.

B.40 pan unit: A motorised unit permitting horizontal positioning of the camera equipment.

B.41 picture storage: The storing of video images.

B.42 pinhole lens: A specialised lens with a small entrance pupil for surveillance through a very small orifice.

B.43 pixel: An acronym for picture element, which is the smallest sample of an image.

NOTE The sample of an image may be a discrete sample produced by a solid state imaging device or by a digitised sample.

B.44 preset shot: A function in pan and tilt units and/or zoom lenses, which allows automatic return to one or more predetermined positions.

B.45 ramping: A characteristic of some zoom lenses whereby the effective aperture of the lens decreases as the focal length is increased.

B.46 remote controlled camera equipment: Devices for controlling the functions of camera and ancillary equipment via remote control signals.

B.47 scene brightness: The observed brightness of an object in the scene, dependent on the scene illumination and scene reflectance.

B.48 scene illumination: The level of illumination (illuminance) on the area to be kept under surveillance.

B.49 scene reflectance: The proportion of the scene illumination reflected by that scene.

B.50 slow scan transmission: The transmission of a series of non-real time images or part images, by means of analogue or digital signals over limited bandwidth transmission media.

B.51 split screen unit: Equipment which simultaneously displays parts of more than one image on a single monitor.

B.52 spot-filter lens: A lens with a graded internal neutral density filter mechanism for further reducing the optical transmission of the lens beyond that achievable by the iris alone.

B.53 time/date generator: A device for generating time and date and adding them into the image.

B.54 time lapse recording: The periodical recording of video signals at pre-defined intervals.

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B.55 time multiplex recording: A method of recording several video signals on one video channel by time multiplexing the frames of these video signals.

B.56 time multiplex transmission: A method of transmitting several video signals on one video channel by time multiplexing the frames of these video signals.

B.57 transmission number of lens (T): The index of the actual light gathering power of the lens.

B.58 variable focal length lens: A lens with adjustable focal length, in which the image of the scene does not remain in focus as the focal length is changed.

B.59 vertical interval switching: Controlled switching between video inputs during the vertical retrace time.

B.60 video amplifier: A device for amplifying the video signal level.

B.61 video distribution amplifier: A device which provides multiple video outputs from one video input.

B.62 video equalising amplifier: Equipment for correcting gain and frequency related distortions in the video signal.

B.63 video matrix: A unit for connecting several input video signals to several outputs.

B.64 video motion detector: Equipment for generating an alarm condition in response to a change of the contents of a given image.

B.65 video memory: Equipment for electronic storage of one or more video images.

B.66 video multiple image unit: Equipment for combining and displaying several complete pictures simultaneously on a single monitor.

B.67 video printer: Equipment for converting a video signal into an image on paper.

B.68 video switcher: A unit for switching a number of video input signals to one or more outputs manually or automatically or on receipt of an external signal.

B.69 zoom lens: A lens with adjustable focal length, in which the image of the scene remains in focus as the focal length is changed.

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BSI 10-1998

List of references

See national foreword.

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