alan robock department of environmental sciences rutgers university, new brunswick, new jersey usa
DESCRIPTION
Lecture 6, 9/23/13. Climate Dynamics 11:670:461. Alan Robock Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA. [email protected]. http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~ robock. Stronger polar vortex Winter warming - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental Sciences
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA
http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~robock
Climate Dynamics11:670:461
Lecture 6, 9/23/13
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
The Arctic OscillationThompson and Wallace (1998)
Stronger polar vortex
Winter warming
Positive mode is the same as the response to volcanic aerosols.
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 4.1
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 4.2
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 4.3
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 4.4
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 4.5
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesFig. 4.6
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
A = p r2
r
A = 4p r2
Greenhouse Effect
Ts
Emission = sTe
4
S0 = 1368 W m-
2
a
a = planetary albedo (0.30)
Sun
Earth
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Global Energy Balance
Incoming Energy = Outgoing Energy
pr2 S0 (1-a) = 4pr2 sTe4
r = radius of Earth S0 = solar constant (1368 W/m2)a = planetary albedo (0.30)s = Stefan-Boltzmann constant
(5.67 x 108 W m-2 K-4)Te = effective temperature of the EarthTs = observed global average surface temperature
Greenhouse Effect
Ts = 288 KTe = 255 K
33 K (33C° = 59F°)
Greenhouse
Effect K 255 14
ST 4 0e α
σ
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
S0 = “solar constant” = 1368 W/m2
a = planetary albedo = 0.30Te = effective temperatureTs = surface temperature
)(14S0 a
Greenhouse gases
Greenhouse Effect
sTs4
sTe4
Ts = 288K = 15°C (Observed)
Sensible and latent heat
sTe4
Ts = Te = 255K = -18°C
)(14S0 a
esTe4
Greenhouse Effect
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
Sciences
Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental
SciencesRobock (1983)
SMEOSIRIS
SAGE II, III