al patrulea mag2(a4)

8/2/2019 Al Patrulea Mag2(a4)

1/50

JCRF KBNR[XNN

B{p ucm{l{m bk ukxy{xn M{lnjf N{hnxnn- pckznn yixnyk pfxi i{pfjf y{emkr{m{n pxnj ifxk f pni{xfr i{ dfx B{d{m Yejr- f{rcfxkfxkunjk mf pxcz- pk ifxk f lhxnfr,c pkjrx{ pxnlf bfr i{ inuf

fjn j {xl- ijb f p{hmnifr Ifp{m m{n Bkikhfm- c pfanj bk eci bnjnyrcxnf pcpcx{m{n jcyrx{*I{ fikfyr jc{ m{ixfxk- Fm pfrx{mkf Lfa $jrklknkrcx{m.-

f{rcfxkf- Fmktfjbxf B{lnrxn{- bkenjkrk {j jc{ rnp bk xclfj jpknyfo{m pxczkn xcljkrn lcbkxjk- xclfj{m nyrcxni bk efir{x ypnxn,r{fm* Jkikynrfrkf bk f i{jcfrk nbkjrnrfrkf ypnxnr{fm if jkfl-pxki{l n bcxnjf bk f yicfrk mf m{lnj ifmnrfrkf ypnxnr{fm jfmr fyrxlcnmcx jcrxn- y{jr ikn bcn ukircxn ifxk f{ bkrkxlnjfr bklkxy{m

mnrkxfx j ynjk*[j fyklkjkf xclfj pcfrk en yixny j{lfn bk irxk c pkxycfjifpfhnm bk rxnxn ypnxnr{fmk bkcykhnr bk pxce{jbk- i{l y{jr fikmkfbkyixnyk jFm pfrx{mkf Lfa*Fmktfjbxf B{lnrxn{ f xkei{r bx{l{mikm{n bk,fm pfrx{mkf Lfa- f rxnr fmr{xn bk rcfrk pkxycjfokmk fikyrknpcukyrnxn rcfrk yikjkmk bkyixnyk- y,f rxfjyp{y j kpci frr bkhnjk- jir f p{r{r pxkm{f njecxlfnn xkfmk ktnyrkjrk j Hfjif bkBfrk f H{j{m{n B{ljkzk{- bkypxk fikmk jrlpmxn lnj{jfrk*

R r r m r r mn b r nr r nn n nr m n


2/50

R r r m r r mn b r nr r nn n nr m n

YPNXNR m NYRCXNK

Y jk nlfanjl {j fxhcxk ex uxyr- pk ifxk m pxnunl i{ ykj,rnlkjr{m i jcn jnjk fl pfxrninpfr mf ixkrkxkf n yklknf m{n- bfxjk,f{ ecyr ekxnrk bk pxnunxk kmklkjrkmk njrnlk n pxce{jbk- ifxk f{

j{rxnr j lnn bk fjn rx{jidn{m n xfl{xnmk* Ktnyr {j lnyrkx fm nyrcxnknifxk j{ pcfrk en prx{jy bkir pxnj ypnxnr* Nyrcxnf kyrk y{lf kukjn,lkjrkmcx- bfx Fmktfjbxf B{lnrxn{ ypfxak fikfyr xka{m jfr{xfm-xkyrnr{njb{,jk- b{p {j ycjbfo j pxce{jznlkf m{ix{xnmcx- c ifxrcaxf,enk ypnxnr{fm j ifxk chykxul i yk ypfxa xjb pk xjb kixfjkmkznbnrk bk jki{jcfrkxkf jcfyrx jrxk pljr n ikx*

F{rcfxkf jk pxcp{jk n xkfmnzkfz y{hyrfjf ypnxnr{fm f nyrc,xnkn- pfxrkf jkuz{r( f pxcpxnkn jcfyrxk ennjk fjikyrxfmk n rxfjy,

ikjbkjrfmk* Bfi jcn jnjk- if jkfl- fl en ecyr ixkfn j{lfn bk cxkfmnrfrk yf{ fmrf ifxk efi chnkir{m ixcjninn rklpcxfmk- bkyna{x fl enecyr acmnn bk hkjkenin{m mcjakunrnn j ypnxnr7 nfx {j jkfl bnj ifxk fecyr yrnjy ikx{m lkrfenzni- uf p{xrf y{ekxnjf krkxj f jknbkjrnenixnnyfmk* F {xlxn bkyrnj{m chxnkn- f fxrni{mf lnyrkxkmk lfn p{rkxjnikbkir cxnik lfrkxnk- jykflj- pcfrk- y en pxnlnr dfx{m prx{jbkxnnbnjicmc bk nyrcxnk- bk bci{lkjr n bk nlfanjk***

Fmktfjbxf B{lnrxn{ jk pxcp{jk- j fikfyr ifxrk bk lfr{xnrfrk

nnr n n n r r m n r n m n nr m


3/50


4/50

Kyrk axk{ bk yp{y ik uf {xlf- ik ypnxnrk ucx pcpcyn mf lfyf bkm{ix{ f f{rcfxkn j unnrcx* Bkciflbfr- fukl fikfyr lxr{xnk bklfr{xnrfrk f rxfufmn{m{n yixnnrcxnikyi- c lxr{xnk ifxk lpmnjkrk ik,mkmfmrk ixn icjekxnjb{,mk r{r{xcx c ecxl xcr{jb- icjr{xfr- unfhnmn njrkxkyfjr- cxnanjfm pxnj fhcxbfxk n pxnl,pmfj{m ypnxnr{fm*

F{rcfxkf kyrk- j pxnl{m xjb- c lkyfakx* Kf efik cenin{m bklxr{xnynxk n xkukmfxk- kf fhcxbkfz c ktpxkynk lkynfjni- kf jky{akxkfz p{rnjf p{xnenixnn pxnj cpkxfnn pkxycjfmk bk ucnj n bk

ufmcfxk* J{ jk p{rkl pxkzkjrf j eff ikx{m{n bkir jrx,c kucm{nkypnxnr{fm frkyrfr bk ikx{m jy{n* Xbinjnmk jcfyrxk nyrcxnik j{y{jr- ffbfx- p{x nyrcxnik- kukjnlkjnfmk- in j pxnl{m xjb ypnxnr{fmk*Fmrekm yp{y- j{ n,fl ecyr njbnekxkjn Ixkfrcx{m{n n j{,n ucl en jnin bkfi{l jfnjrk***

NCJ [A[N

FM PFRX[MKF

LFA


5/50

JIKP[R BK PCUKYRK

Mkakjbf ikm{n bk,fm pfrx{mkf lfa- pcukyrk unk jyixny j rxnnmk jkl{xnxnn-fb{y pk enx{m ucxhkn pj j znmkmk jcfyrxk- fl f{znr,c jrx,c ykfx bkhfyl- {jbkuf- jrxk y{n{xn n ichcx{xn- ficmc {jbk jmnlnmk

y{emkr{m{n yk fujr ypxk Ikx*Mf m{lnjf eci{m{n m{jrxni- i{ amfy bk n{hnxk- lkyfakx{m i{ujr{m{nnyrcxnykf- nfx jcn- ikn l{mn- fyi{mrfl- yrjb i{ cidn bk y{emkr bkyidnn-if jnlni y j{ yk pnfxb bnj jnx{nxk*,Ukbkn ucn- bxfann lkn- if y jkmkan {j pcpcx- rxkh{nk y,ni{jcrnyrxlcnn7 if y jk jkmkakl n jcn- {jnn pk fmnn n enkifxk pk ynjk- rxkh{nky efikl fikmfn m{ix{7 pkjrx{ i j enkifxkbnjrxkjcn- ikn jyi{n pkfikyrk lkmkfa{xn- ktnyr akxlkjkmklcrkjnxnnyrxh{jk* Ik ixkbkn ucn-i bkakfhf jk,fl jyi{r fnin n j{fmr{jbkuf- ixkbkn i rcr{m k cjrlpmfxk3 Jcn fl ukjnr ylpmnjnllkjnxkf fikyr{n jkfl- enkifxk jekm{m m{n7 y jkmkakl n y b{ikllfn bkpfxrk jkmkpin{jkf n bxfacyrkfbk cflkjn- bk unf- fikmcxifxk- j yrxe{jb{xn bk nyrcxnk- f{ rxnr fnin*,Ifxk y{jr ikmk lfn ukidn nyrcxnynxn bkypxk jcn3 , yk f{zn cucik pxkfi{xncfy if y lfn pcfr frkprf*,Bnj irk rn{ k{- ex f en nyrcxni- fx en mkakjbkmk Cmnlp{m{n7bcfx rnn i Fpcmmc- zk{m Ycfxkm{n- fm n{hnxnn n unjbkixnn $n- u xca-enn frkjn mf fikyrk frxnh{rk. kxf icjynbkxfr dnpkxhcxkfj- ukjnr bnj

nn b r N r R r n o n n m r


6/50

bfi lfn fb{al pmi{kmk bk mf Rxrxnf n jur{xf jkl{xnxnnmyfr bk _fmlctk pcpcx{m{n bfi- jk b{ikl i{ ukidnlkf n i{jcf,rkxkf mcx j yrxe{jb{xn bk rnlp* Bk {jbk ukjkf{ yrxh{jnn jcrxn3J{ yk rnk* Bcfx frr- i ukidnmk ixcjnin n nzucfxk cxfmk n lkjnc,jkfz fnin- bnj rcrbkf{jf- fjnjfn bk l{jn n ichcxjb pj mfNyrx{ n mf Lfxkf ikf Lfxk*

Bk {jbk unj3 Bfi fl pxnun hcmrf ikxkfyi- pcfrk y{emkr{mjk,fx yp{jk bk {jbk unj*** ichcxrcxn bnj yrkmk n bnj frxn*** frr bkjkjkmkn bk ikn bnj o{x* Bfx j{ fyrf icjrkfz- in? ik ekm bk cflkjnkxf{3 Fyrf rxkh{nk y rnl*

,Kxf{ ikn lfn injyrnn n lfn unrkon bnjrxk rxfin(- xy{j c ucikbnjrxk ikn ik fyi{mrf{*,Bf- kxf{ bfinn {j jkfl bk cflkjn i{xfn mf y{emkr- bfx fpxnanmfljnk- afrf y jrnjb lfyf cxni{n- bfx n y xnbnik yfhnf bfiucxhkmk kxf{ nxkrk- nfx ajb{xnmk bk pxfb* F{ fu{r m{prkmk mcxi{ikn ik uxcnf{ y mk ifmik lnkmkrk pljr{m- bfx j,f{ icrxcpnr nj,f{ fy{pxnr7 n,f{ fpxfr bcfx ufrxf*Bkyna{x i- j rnlp- y,f

njenmrxfr x{m n mf kn , f{ fpx{r lnjin{jf n rxbfxkf7 bfx jcn ucxhnlfi{l bk pb{xk n j{ bk {yir{xn7 n- pk fr{jin- pb{xkf kxf ukxbkn una{xcfy- nfx {yir{xnmk p{njk*

Jcn uxkl y i{jcfrkl y{emkr{m jkfl{m{n*Ik u ucxhkyi k{fi{l- j{ y{jr pcukrn- in lxr{xnn yixnyk bnj p{njkmk- l{mr pxkfp{njkmk- xlfyk* J{,n i{xncy3 Fpxcfpk rcfrkdxnycfukmk

ixcjnifxnmcx axkin n xclfjn bkypxk bfin- f{ bnypx{r*[jbk- i{l3F{ bnypx{r- bnj o{xjfmkmk bk xzhcn fmk m{n Rxfnfj-j{lfn pxnmkxkekxnrcfxk mf kn7 bnj nyrcxnynxkf lkbni{m{n m{n pkxycjfm- f{ lfn xlfybcfx irkuf xjb{xn- ifxk lkjncjkfz i bfinn fyi{mr bk h{jucnkbk icjb{ircxnn mcx n fyrekm efi m{ix{xn lnj{jfrk(*Bk h{jucnk3& Kn- bfx ifxk pcpcx f lfn fyi{mrfr fyrekm bk icjb{ircxnnm{n3& Ex ynmjnink- ex nlp{jkxk- bcfx bnj bxfacyrk n xkypkir3&Ajbnn,u& J,fxk xcyr y efikl fi{l c jnx{nxk f nzucfxkmcx- in y,njkmkakl pk bfin*

,Bk ik ixkbkn i f{ bnypx{r bci{lkjrkmk3,Rkcxnn y{jr l{mrk- bfx ktpmnifnn imfxk j{ y,f{ bfr* K{ ixkb iInjkuf bk ficmc Y{y jk,f pxcrkofr* Pfxi fx en yp{y? mf lfn yrfnucnff bkcpfxrk- lfn jkrn{n- ukbkn,u bk rxkh{xnmk njur{xn mkucfyrxk- iin uf en jkucnk bk kmk mf rnlp{m pcrxnunr(*

Pcfrk bk fikkf jk,f n jikxifr pxnj frrkf b{xkxn n zh{in{lbk m{pr- n bk bnjfefx- bfx n bnjm{jrx{* Bcfx ff yimnpkrk- jikmk bnj {xl- bnflfjr{m* Kn- bfx y xkukjnl mf bfin? bk ik ixkbkni u ucxhkyi bkypxk kn- bkypxk ekm{m mcx bk f en3

,If y,n i{jcfrkl&,Ukbkn jy- y j{ u lp{jfn i{ kn&

J{ fyrf rxkh{nk y efikl- in- jknkajb{,n- fukl bfrcxnf bk fb{ik enx{m ktnyrkjnfm fm jkfl{m{n lfn bkpfxrk* I{ ir yrxlcnn f{ecyr lfn dx{nn- i{ frr yfxinjf jcfyrx bk f en if kn kyrk lfn axkf*Fyrf y jkmkakn n fyrf y {xlxnn&

,Jk pcukyrnn bkypxk Bxclnidkrk- yf{ bkypxk Bkikhfm3,J{- j{ bkypxk kn uxkf{ y u pcukyrkyi*Kn y{jr if jnrk m{lnjn lfxn bnj nyrcxnf bfi- fmr{xn bk Cxcmky-

Bkikjk{- H{xkhnyrf* Kn f{ rn{r i lfn nlpcxrfjr bkir unircxnfenzni- pk ilp{m bk m{pr- k unircxnf y{emkr{m{n- f{ rn{r y rxfjy,ecxlk jexjakxn j jmxn y{emkrkrn7 bk fikkf j,f{ nlp{y xka{mnmk-in mk,f{ kb{ifr- if kmk y unj bk mf ynjk* Pifr i fikfyr ju,

r{x y,f pnkxb{r mf {xlfn- yf{ lfn hnjk zny yr {jbkuf- fyi{jy*K{ uxkf{ y u ucxhkyi bkypxk bfin j akjkxf&- ff if jkfl*I{jcfrkn ixkbnjf mcx j _fmlctk* j uxkl{xn bk axkf xkyrxnrk- bfxn mf h{i{xnn n ijrxn- kn jmf{ cidnn n njnlf ypxk ikx- fb{ijbl{m{lnxk n ikxjb fo{rcx*

Yfjir{fxkmk mcx- mci{xnmk mcx yfixk- kxf{ bkyidnyk- j,fukf{ fic,pkxn- iin kn fukf{ ixkbnjf i jnlni j{ rxkh{nk y enk jrxk kn n Ikmbnj jfmr* Ixkbkf{ j jkl{xnxkf y{emkr{m{n n,n n{hkf{ Bnunjnrfrkfjrx,{j ekm frr bk fbkuxfr- i{l l{mn bnjrxk jcn- fzn- j{ xk{nl* Knj{ m,f{ fbcxfr pk _fmlctk eijb{,n yrfr{n yf{ jmjb{,n rklpmk-in m,f{ ynlnr fpxcfpk n n,f{ jidnjfr unff pxnj efprkmk mcx* Fukf{jurcxnn- jkmkpnn jrx,fmk y{emkr{m{n , pxkcnn- bfx lfn fmky grnyrfnn(-i{l y{jr pclkjnn j ixcjnin- bk ktklpm{ ikmk bk mf Lfxkf Lcfxr*Grnyrfnn- j ucxhf jcfyrx bk fi{l im{axn yf{ p{yrjnin- rxnf{ jpkrkxn bnj uxe{xn bk l{jn- dxjnjb{,yk lfn l{mr i{ ex{irk- lnkxk-hcfhk bk ax{7 cflkjnn mk lfn fb{ikf{ {jkcxn fznlk ifmbk- nfxinchfjnn- mfprk n hxjz bk cn* Bkypxk kn- yk yp{jk i rnf{ ucxhffjnlfmkmcx pb{xnn- f icpfinmcx- f l{jnmcx- jkmkakf{ inxnpnr{m pyxnn7nfx j jcpnmk ykjnjk- ijb {xlxkf{ lkxy{m yrkmkmcx- kn bkyinexf{yp{yf mcx bk bnjicmc bk rnlp*


7/50

Fukf{ icfmf enxnn n f jfmr{m{n*Bk ficmc- bk y{y- jmf{ kn x{a pkjrx{ jkfl n fx- if fbk,

ux{m n n{hnxkf y enk yrpjk pk njnlnmk cflkjnmcx*Yk yp{jk i- pxnj x{af mcx- l{mrk pxnlkobnn f{ bkpxrfr n l{mrk

y{emkrk f{ fmnjfr*Nfx ikn lfn bk ykfl bnjrxk kn- ik kxf{ jikxifn j lcb bkcyk,

hnr- yk b{ikf{ jrx,{j mci fj{lk- bk jur{x jfmr- n pxnlkf{

b{p fikkf j{lkmk bk jrklknkrcx( , iin fyrf n kxf{ , pxnj bfx{mmcx bk bxfacyrk p{jkf{ kn rklkmnk rxfnjni ixkbnjkn {j{n jkfl*n bk mf bfin pcxjnxk- rcn ik jk ynlnl i{ njnlf {xlfn fn mcx-

y{jrkl- ff i{l yp{jkf{ kn- jkl{xnrcxn*Bfx y jikp f yp{jk pcukyrkf {j{nf bnjrxk jrklknkrcxn , m

ucl j{lnif y,m bkym{nl , Im{ax{m*Mkakjbf n jikp{ jnx{nxkf*** pni{xn- pni{xn*** lxaxnrfxk pk

enx{m rxnxnn yrxukidn*n cxkmk rxki{x axhnrk- fyi{jzjb{,yk j bkyfaf jkyncfy

f rnlp{m{n rxki{r*

I{unjrk unn***yrxh{jnn pxnjrxk jcn*** y{jkrkmk yk yrnjykykx- bfxkn kxf{ ji ficmc***j njnln n,j m{inxkf cidnmcx- {lkzn ji bkpxkfpmnj bk y{emkr*

Imnpf jixklkjnyk j yrxm{inxkf nyrcxnkn*C yijrknk bnj fbji bk uxklk xzhr{yk n fi{l m{lnjf n kf

ifmkf bkyrnjkmcx- if c {jnxk pkyrk ukfi{xn*n jcn b{ikfl j ennjf jcfyrx- ylh{xkmk xkjyi{r fm lcrk,

jnxnn***enkifxk j ekm{m m{n#bfx rcn lpxk{j*

jrx,{j rxzn{ bk jcfprk- pk ijb l pnkxb{ykl j jklxanjnxk-

c pnir{x bk ikx pxnjyk f ichcx- fpxcpnnjb{,yk* j eff cidnmcx {n,lnn- jikp{ f yk bkym{n*** bnj kyr{x bk uny n bcx*** epr{xf Im{,ax{m{n*** bnj ik j ik lfn fpxcfpk*** i{ ljf jrnjy- idkljb***

***n k{ m,fl {xlfr j pcukyrk***

NX

BFX[M JKFL[M[N BFI

LKYFO[MIKX[M[N

Fukf enkxhnjkfm lfxk7 {j eci m{jrxni m jpbnyk n,m yrxh,rkf pxnj rcfrk {jadkxkmk ennjkn- jkmyjb jnlni jkikxikrfr- fpcnxzhrkf rxn{lercx fefx pxnj cidn- pxnj chxfon- pxnj fh{x{m xy{emxnn*NN b{xkf{ rcfrk n jnlni*

Cer n yk fkz lfn hnjk j i{mi{{m bk pnfrx- ficpkxnr i{hmjn bk cfnk7 rxfyk pk km icoci{m lncy n yk jukmn ff- hnjk- bk j{,lfn cidnn n yk lfn ukbkf{* Pxnun a{xf pkrkxnn n,c zxn j ikf*

Fyrf k& Hcfmf m i{pxnjykyk n j{ ucnf y,m yifpk* Bfx j{,n jn,

lni- lfn bcfxlk p{nj y pxnjb p{rkxn n,fpcn c y yk yicfmk y ykexkik i{ zpfb- lfn b c e{a pxnj pb{xkf bk hxfzn n- {nrk,ff-junjak km lcmkkfmf ifxk j{,n b pfik* n yclj{m yrf& Pn- kmbcxlkf j{lfn irkuf cxk pk jcfprk- jninbki{l zn{f- bfx fi{l***3&

Fyrf k& Rx{p{m j{ lfn k rjx- idnfx bfi y{emkr{m zh{xb pxnjl{jn* _lhn- rnnjb i fxk bkof pmkrkmk ix{jrk n rcr lfn efikbnlnjknmk hfnk j x{ ,fpcn c rxjr i{ zpfbf* Pcfrk fx rxkh{n yxkj{jk3 Ajb{m m yrxp{jykyk b{xkxcy* J{- fyrf j{&

Kxf c h{i{xnk lfxk- icjrcpnxkf i{ fmh{m- lfn fmh bkir nxkfm{m-fm zpkznn ik pfxi m frkprf*** m pxnlkf n,m i{xf bk rcfrk aj,b{xnmk- axnonmk n jbcnkmnmk yfmk* P{ecfy n rfjbx- n njrxf j {xkidn-

j px- m i{pxnjbkf i{ rcr{m- fmnjrjb{,m* Irkcbfr- yk rcmjkf j7nmh n yrrkf ff , {j rnlp , pxnunjb pxce{jznlkf ikx{m{n- ik pxkfi,m fhycfxhk*

Ikx n Pljr& J{ ynlkf exna- in c imb{x njrkxncfx- hmjb if{j jikp{r bk ufx n yk myf p{xrfr bk kf- pfxi ypxk jikp{r{xn*


8/50

Ijb ynlkf- j ikmk bnj {xl- i{l akx{m m rxakf bk {xkidn-yk xnbnif ir p{rkf bk ypxnjrkj n fmkxaf ypxk pb{xkf bk hxfzn-m{jb{,yk j ocfi mf rxjr i{ kn7 pmkyjnr{xnmk ixkjanmcx i{ fik mjuncxf{- bk pfxi n,fx en bx{nr irk ikuf bnj ukjninf rnjkxknn mcx*

Hxfznn kxf{ pxnkrkjnn m{n7 bk r{mpnjf mcx n ypxnonjkf njnlf ijbfukf c b{xkxk- f m{n yf{ lfn fmky f fmrcxf7 ukjkxfhnmnn ukakrfmn uk,adkf{ bnj jmnlkf mcx lkxy{m m{lnn7 kn rnf{ rcr n n bbkf{ yefr{xn-

ecjnjb{,n {cx jkmkpin{jkf* Ircxuf bnjrxk kn mk bb{yk idnfxj{lk* Ik lfnif j eflnmnk& L{mrk- mk,f pcukyrnr km j rcn fjnnfikrnf- bk ijb ukjnyk rnjkxkm- y rxnfyi n y ym{okfyi fnin- jpkrkxf l{jrkm{n- m{jb j axnof y{emkr{m{n m{n cflkjnn nj{r{xnmcx bnjufmk- pj bkpfxrk*

Ifl in*** kn- ifl uxkc bc{zkin bk fjn rxki{ykx bk ijb-b{p Lfxkf Njnnkxk( bk pk L{jrkmk Yejr- jrklknkrcxnn m pxnlnykxj xjb{m mcx- fpcn n xjb{nykx xcyr pk mci{xnmk fikyrkf* Bk fr{jiny,f lpxnkrkjnr i{ hxfznn7 bfx pfxi j{lfn i{ kn*** ik bk pxnkrkjn lfnfukf n fnin- pk l{jrk- n j ufmk*** pxnjrxk cflkjn*

Lfn cer c bfr- bk bfrf fyrf zlhnjb h{i{xcy* Yk xy{in n n

lfn rxfyk p{nj icoci{m pkyrk {lkxn- jidnzjb cidnn* Fpcn- ykpxh{n jm{jrx{m m{n*** eci{m{n fxbkf rx{p{m n rcr{n j{ lfn ynlkfenkxhnjkfmf* Nlfanjn njrkjy icmcxfrk yk pkxnjbf{ xfpnb j bcy{m cidn,mcx jidnn , bfx j{ lfn p{rkf y mkak uxk{j jkmky*Bnjrx,cbfr- yk uz{ i{l yk xnbni bk pk mfunf pnkrxkn*** yk ynlkf{cx- nfx enkxhnjkfmf bnypx{yk7 j{ unyf- iin*** {nrk- p{rkf pxnun jo{x*** ukbkf pkxknn pkrkxnn- yi{jkm{m bk mklj bk mf njrxf xk*** rcr{mkxf mf mci{m m{n* Nkn- pfxi zh{xjb- bnj icoci n yk b{yk ypxnjrkjypxk njrxfxk*** ikuf if c ecx jkhj{nr jmr{xfyk hcfmf bnj ifmk-n,n inxi{mf pxnj rcfrk enhxkmk icxp{m{n- juncxjb{,m* Ei{ {j pfy jfefxf pkrkxnn n yk rxkzn bnjrx,cbfr j pcnkjnf bk bkfy{pxf* Kn-fyrf,n pxkf bk rcr& Ijb l,fl ixfr pj fnin3( Bfx j{ yrr{ y,n bkf xyp{jy{m , pfxi N,fx en rn{r bnjfnjrk* Pxnun lnxfr j o{x-jkrnnjb ik kxf bkcykhnr*** yk {nr frkjr mf r{ekmk jemcxnrk- mf nfxhfjfmr*** jkb{lkxnr- yk fkz ocy- mja blh{m m{n efucxnr*** emcxn3&Bk {jbk emcxn3 _pfbf {jbk kxf3 Pxnun j zfxk ypxk i{mlnmk fpxc,pnfrk*** rcr{m kxf jukxznr- bcfx nin- icmc- irk {j pkrni fmh*

Ik l{mr rnlp fl ecyr hcmjfu& Nfif- y,f b{y jkf{f&( Cer n ykjrnjyk pk pljr- xnbnijb{,n eff ypxk ycfxk* Yk jukmn ff- {cx-

j imb{xf xfzkmcx n,n bkyrnjyk icxp{m- fhfjbcjjb{,yk enxnn7 ykynlkf {jf i{ fxnjf*** pxnj km ixkrkf{ emcxnmk n nfxhf jfmr- pxnj kmn rxakf{ ykuf hxfznn*** kxf n#binj- n pkrfm- kxf n ijrki jzxn*** n rcr ik p{rkf pm{rn ypxk ycfxk* Yrr{ ff- {jnjb j ennjf m{nIkx{m n Pljr{m*** j{ rnf ir- c imnp yf{ {j ukfi- pj ijbynln jnrk pxnunxn ifxk,m ikxikrf{- ljanjb{,m7 fr{jin bkyidnyk cidnn*

Fkzfr mja km- pk nfxh- ypxnonjnr j ukyrnr{m y{ rcnfa- m pxnukf

zlhnjb*** Bkikjk{*Yxn j y{y bk h{i{xnk n y{xpxnjbkxk n j lnjrkf m{n rnlp{xnmk

yk jumlnx?, Bkikjk{- Lfxk Pxkcr- i{l fn ukjnr3 R{- bfx***Yk cpxn- bjb{,n ykflf i e{ykyk n km- fi{l lfn hnjk bk

bc{zkin bk fjn- mf jlcxljrfxkf ikm{n ik,n e{ykyk jurcx pkixxnmk jfmr{m{n7 uxklk bk irkuf pxnlukxn- ficmc- mf Icm{ljkmkIkx{m{n- n bkyinexfyk rfnjkmk enxnn n,n bkyidnykyk {nmk jkuz{r{m{n***fpcn m myfyk j axnof jrklknkrcxnmcx- nfx km pmkifyk j ikrfrkf bkyif{j- y,n enk ypxnonj xkakm{n H{xkhnyrf7 nfx ijb fikyrf e{ {iny bkjnlnijninf n najcxfjf {jcxf- yrr{ bk yrxfo mf rklkn{m n ixkbnjf

jkfl{m{n- pj ijb rxki{ n km Dcrfx{m jkennjkn*Nfx fi{l- nfr,m fnin& I{l yk p{rkf3Lfxkmk m{n jurcx& Rcr ik rnf n ynlkf- n fukf xbinjnmk n

pcxjnxkf bnj yp{ykmk i{ rmi fyi{jy fmk m{n Bkikjk{*Fi{l- yrrkf zlhnjb j{lfn i{ cidnn n,m pxnukf nyicbnrcx*jrx,{j rxzn{- l{m{lnr pfxi- n ucxhn?, J{ rk lnxf& Bcfx rnn i y{emkr{m enkix{nf k ukjni* K{ bk

ficmc unj*** bnj ekxninxkf Jkl{xnxnn $n fxr i{ rcnfa{m ypxk ikx. bkficmc- bk {jbk bcljkrk N{hnxkf n Fbkux{m*** bk mja _fmlctk***bk mja fmnn* Bk ficmc- bk y{y- pxnunl jcn mf nypxunnmk cflkjnmcx-mf lkxy{m xnn n {jkcxn jk jrxnyrl*** bkykcxn u ukjnl j fo{rcx*

Bk ik rk lnxn3 Bcfx rk,fl jufr&Im{ax{m fyi{mrf {nlnr- pxnunjb ijb ypxk Ikx- ijb ypxk Bkik,jk{- pfxi bcxnjb f yk icjunjak i kxf jrcilfn*** c lfxk h{i{xnkn nj{jbfyk ennjf n fpxcfpk j{ p{r{ ucxhn bk klcnk*

,K{*** rn{*** Lfxk Pxkcr*** bfi fn rn ik l h{i{x i rk ub***i rk f{b&

, En{mk- iin en{ bk y{emkr ln,fn ecyr n,ln krn j ukjnink- k{Dcykcxn n,fl ucxhnr pxnj ajb{xn- bfx fi{l fl ukjnr fmrekm*** if y


9/50

yrl lfn l{mr mf yefr*** if y ixkzn i kyrk fbkuxfr*** pkjrx{ irxkfhf pkjrx{ ifxk y{jr fnin k bkcykhnr , rxkh{nk y rk pxkarkyipkjrx{ uxkl{xnmk ik ucx y unj*** if y rnn ik fn bk ei{r&

, Rk fyi{mr- jurcx{mk& n im{ax{m yk fkz lfn iclcb jnfxh- frkprjb frkjr*

Bkikjk{ m lfn pxnun c bfr- fbji- pj j yrxe{jb{xn- ikxik,rjb{,m bk,n uxkbjni- fpcn- l{m{lnr bk ikmk femfrk- n l{r pxnunxkfypxk jmnlnmk i{mlnmcx ik yrxo{nf{ zfxkf- ypxk pcnkjnmk bclcfmk-hxfznn yklkn*** fyi{mr npcr{m nzucx{m{n n ijrki{m pyxnn***lkmkfa{xn bk pcukyrk*** rxl{m yrxlckyi fm jkfl{m{n*

, Ln,y bxfan mci{xnmk fyrkf- en{mk& Ln,k bxfa Bfinf& P{njk pcpcfxk f{ ff fx ex{lcfy n hcafr*** j rcfrk hcafr*** n jrx,fmkpljr{m{n n j cflkjn* F{ y{emkrk i{xfrk n rfxn& I{l k cl{m- ffk n mci{m& Bfx- ukzn r{- n,f ei{r x{m ymf n pk,fnin- pxnj ljbxnfbkfxr- miclnf7 m,f{ {iny pk H{xkhnyrf lnkmkrk- ijb rcilfn xk{nyk y,n yrxja pk bfin mfcmfmr*** fl en ecyr c yrji bk jkimnjrnr*

Bfx jnlni j{ xljk jkxypmrnr j mkanmk enxnn* Ikn ik,f{ {iny- f{ecyr n kn {inn* Pk ikn bk pk,fnin- bnj l{jn- fl xk{nr y,n njkl{jnn- bfx ikn bnj ilpnf bnjypxk lfxk n fi{l yk lfn xzhcnkyi

n,n lpfxr dcrfxkmk*[jbkuf- j zfxk- c incixmnk ijrf ypxk ycfxk*

jrcxijb{,yk bnj ajb{xnmk yfmk- Bkikjk{ icjrnj{?, Ucx rxkik uxkl{xn bk lfxk i{lpj pkyrk m{lk*** pkyrk

pmfn{xnmk jcfyrxk*** n rxkh{nk y jk pxkarnl* Rcfr y{emfxkf bnj Ikxn bk pk Pljr*** rcfrk jkfl{xnmk yk pxkarkyi*** enkifxk b{pi{jcfrkxkf yf- nfx ikn ik rn{- frkfpr*

,Fl bkym{nr n k{ ikuf bkcykhnr pk hcmr- bfx***- bxkpr zni-j,fl pxnjy jkmky{m&

, Yk fpxcpnk lclkjr{m ukjnxnn , fm Pxnlkn Ukjnxn* Ikm bnjM{lnj uf rxnlnrk pk pljr pk En{m Y{*** pnmb unk- bnj ifxjk n

yjak- bnj N{hnxk n Fbkux* Nfx Km uf en Lfxkmk jurcx fm clkjnxnn*,Fbni- I{ujr{m uf pxnln rx{p3, jrcilfn& Dcrxxkf,n m{fr lfn bkl{mr* M{lkf fxk jkucnk bk

{j rcxkjr pxcfypr bk Unf- ifxk y c rxkzkfyi ypxk ikmk i{xfrk-ypxk ikmk i{ fbkuxfr ecmcynrcfxk ennjxnn*

L{mn j{ lfn rn{ rxn* Pkjrx{ kn- Km yk ichcfx n unjk j m{lk*, n {jbk uf ukjn3 I{luf*** fnin- mf jcn3

,J{*** j{ fnin* If y yk,lpmnjkfyi yp{yf pxccxcinmcx- Km ykuf jfrk {jbkuf- mf lnfzzn- j nj{r{xnmk Afmnmknn* Uf rxn n uf lpmnjnucnf Rfrm{n Y{ j eflnmnf n{bknmc#&,Jkfl{m n{bknmcx3 Bnjicmc bk nj{r{m Pkxynkn*** bnjicmc bkaxkin*** lfn ypxk xyxnr i{luf3 J{ bnjrxk kn f{ ecyr ikn rnjkxn- bk,nznikf{ kykjnkjn3 F{ yrfr pk mf jcn- c uxklk , ajbkf{ ex{lcy&,Bf- ff k& Bfx kykjnkjnn y{jr j{lfn c icl{jnrfrk- pxkf p{nj

j{lkxcfy? xkyr{m pcpcx{m{n n{bk{ rxkik pxnj lfxn jikxixn- lfnlfxnn m{n j{ lfn ynlr Mkanmk Ikx{m{n* Y,f{ znbnr j ucxhk n bfrnjn n,f{{nrfr y rxnfyi? ucxhkyi bkypxk Hnjk- bfx j{ lfn rn{ y,n ynlri{fbkuxfr*** y{emkr{m l{mrcxf j{ lfn f{bk* Pcpcx{,n fy{pxnr n j{jkmkak jnlni- bfx yr n pmjak* Ficmc k jkucnk*** Ficmc uf ukjnLkynf , i{l m,f{ j{lnr pxccxcinn mcx*,Ekxninr jkfl- ekxninr fx& cprn Im{ax{m- ajbnjb i{l fx enbfi Km fx ukjn j Bfinf* M,fx en p{y xkak& M,fx en n{hnr n fyi{mrfr- ffi{l fyi{mrf{ fi{l bk _fmlctk7 n znyk bnj jc{?,Ekxnik bk pcpcx{m n{bk{&,Bfx kn j{,M ucx i{jcfrk- cprn i{ rxnyrkk Bkikjk{- if pkjrx{

ynjk- fpcn- uzjb jkb{lkxnxkf bk pk eff {ikjni{m{n y{-yidnlhucxhf?, Bkypxk fikfyr Pxnl Ukjnxk f{ ukyrnr n lcnn jcrxn*** _fm

lctk*** xkanjf Dkyrnf*** Mkanmk myfrk jc{ pxkarkf{ cl{m jrx{rxnxkf fbkuxfr- if jur{xf M{n y yk fkzk enxkyi j y{emkrk***ff- if bk mf ynjk- ex zh{in{l yf{ jbcnfm* [nrk i yk fpxcpnklclkjr{m n jkfl{xnmk yk pxkarkyi bk jidnjfxk&

,Kn- ir f uxkf y l b{i y l jidnj n k{& yk pclkjnznijb Im{ax{m- fpcn ri{- p{nj jkb{lkxnr km jy{n bk ikmkznyk7bcfx j{ kxf km uxkbjni bk ff injyrk* ,Bcxkrn bnj rcr y{emkr{m r{3 yk f{zn amfy{m Lfxkm{n Pxkcr*X{njfr bk lfxkf m{n jbxzjkfm- Im{ax{m pxnun j o{x-ikxikrjb i{n n,f ucxhnr Bkikjk{* Bfx j{ lfn kxf fmrinjkuf- nfx

cidnn jurcx{m{n pk km m entf{* Pn- bfi,n b{p bcxnj- znik kmik,n j y{emkr?

, Bnn rcfr ennjf lkf- i{ rcfrk ajb{xnmk n rxnxnmk lkmk- i{rcfrk unykmk n ypkxfjkmk lkmk*** k{ i{ rcr{m bcxkyi y ljidnjM{lnjnn jrx{pfrk pk Pljr*

,Fr{jin*** fn y,c efin&


10/50

I{unjrkmk xy{jfx j zxn- i{rxkl{xjb l{jnn7 yk jmfx ypxkIkx n,fpcn ichcxx*** imfxk- p{rkxjnik*** dfnj bk m{lnj- pk{lkxnn Im{ax{m{n* Bkikjk{ yk xnbnifyk j pnincfxk n,m pxnukf bnjjc{ nyicbnrcx- ajbnjb? Uf en cfxk j yrfxk3(

B{p irkuf imnpk bk jlxl{xnxk- fikyrf- jkmkajb pfxibnjrx,cbfr ykjy{m ucxhkmcx- yk xnbni jikr n yrr{ bxkpr- i{ y{emk,

r{m bkyidny- y{h pxnunxkf Lfxkm{n Pxkcr* C exl bk rnlp fbjiir ukjninf- j ifxk m{lnjnmk cidnmcx ikmcx bcn yk jrmjnx- icj,rcpnjb{,yk* Bkikjk{ zlhn nfx- fhnf bkym{nr- b{p i{l n kxf ekm{m-n znyk? Ukn en&(

Ycfxkmk yimnpn c bfr lfn p{rkxjni- pkikrm{njb pfxi dcrxxkfm{fr*

Pxnunjb j icjrnj{fxk ypxk bfyim{m y{- Im{ax{m cprn?, jurcx{mk- ln,fn bkym{nr l{mrk bkypxk Ikx- bkypxk

cflkjn*** bkypxk rcr ik jk mkfa- bkypxk un{m ifxk ktnyr pxkr{rnj,bkjkf j enxk*** bkypxk hnjk*** rk xca- lfn yp{jk,ln- xca{,rk- i{ly efi fikfyrf3 I{l y fem{ ijb k lclkjr{m n jicrxc y,c fp{i3

,En{mk- xcfa,rk n ukn femf rcr{m ijb uf rxkh{n* Enn i{ y{emkr{mpxkarnr& Bk efpr- k{ fyrf n rxkh{nf y,n yp{j? r{ ukn en ycm{m bxfacyrkn jkfl{m{n bfi pkjrx{ En{m M{lnjnn* Y enn ff i{l rk rn{- ff i{lkrn fi{l- njbnekxkjr ik pkxnicmk rk ucx pfrk&,Ff ucn efik- jurcx{mk- bfx*** bfi,ln jab{n*** ji cjrxkhfxk*** y{jr frnf jrklknkrcxn lfn uxkbjnin bkir lnjk- lfn jkmkpn- lfn bx{nn*** bk ik k{3 Pkjrx{ i ln,fl bcxnr frr bk l{mr3,Enxkrk i bcxnjf y{emkr{m{n r{ f frxjfr j hfmfj*** bfx-ukzn r{- ficmc Y{y k c fmrekm bk jkmkakxk f uxkbjninkn enkix{nf nfp{rnjkn yfmk*** n ficmc ff y,f dcrxr* Bk fikkf fl ukjnr k{mfrnjk n j{ l,fl b{y mf fmr{m& Lfxk jixkbkxk n y,f bfr n axkf rxkfh&Ukzn y c b{in mf h{j yexnr- mf rnlp{m pcrxnunr* n j,fn rkfl- ucn enn k{ i{ rnjk- bk ficmc- bk Y{y*Bkikjk{ lfn pxnun c bfr bk o{x lpxko{x- jrnpxnjb{,n pfximci{xnmk j y{emkr n m{jb{,n xlfy h{j bk mf kmk- yk lfn jrcfxykypxk Im{ax n,n yp{yk? Y j{ {nn- j jnin {jf bnj imnpkmk rfmk- ikrn ycm{m bxfacyrkn {j{n jkfl(- fpcn- jikr,jikr- epr{xf m{n yky{hnk n bnypx{- icjrcpnjb{,yk i{ jmnlnmk- j ikn inuf jcxncxnik pm{rkf{ adnb{n- pk bkfy{pxf*

Im{ax{m kxf bnj jc{ ynja{x j pcnkjn*** yrf mnjnrnr- y,n{b{jk pfxi ajb{xnmk*** {jbkuf- ijrf c pxnunadkrcfxk7 pxnun j zfxk-fb{jjb{,yk* Nlkjynrfrkf,fmhfyrx f ikx{m{n m jum{n n km jidnykcidnn- b{ijb{,n rxnxnmk jm{jrx{m y{ n i{e{jbjb{,yk j kmk*

Ijb n bkyidnyk- kxf pk mfunf m{n bnj pkrkx- jukmnr i{ icoci{m* J{lfn fukf jnin c enkxhnjkfm* Unyfyk yf{ yk jrlpmfyk fnkukf3 Ykyi{m j pnincfxk- lni bnj {lkxn- bnj rx{jidn- n*** jnlni j{ lfn kxfb{xkxcy* Rcr{m kxf if bk chnikn- bcfx j y{emkr fukf c h{i{xnk lfxk*Nkn j eff pkrkxnn*** fmh{m zpkznn n ljank pxnunxkf n inuf e{manbk jkf n pcpcynx pk pfmlkmk jrnjyk ypxk Ikx* Xnbni eff n mymfixnlf fmh f jki{pxnjy{m{n y,n ypkmk cidnn n ajb{xnmk* Fpcn njrxbnj jc{ j fbpcyr{m m{n pxnlnrcx n kz{ pk mfun- xkm{jb j lnjrkjrmjnxkf- bk mf jikp{r* Xkrxn ynllnjrkmk n yp{ykmk m{n Bkikjk{*C bfr n ji c bfr* Y mk nj j njnl n,j lnjrk jrcilfn* B{p{j rnlp- nkn bnj jc{ fefx* Bkof xbkf rxn{lercx- ycfxkmk- n

yi{r{x pmkrkmk ix{jrk n,n zlhn* Pxnln xfzkmk ifmbk- bnxkir- jrcfr ennjf m{n n,n xnbni lnjnmk ypxk ikx- jrx,{j yrxnar bk,h{i{xnk-bk n{hnxk*** bk icjrcpnxk i{ Rcr{m*

Yk ynlkf p{rkxjni n un{ if enxkf7 pxnlkf n yk bx{nf ex cpxk,mnrn7 fpcn- myjb lnjnmk {cx j ocy- fxnpn hmjbk fmk y{emkr{m{n- ykjbxkpr ypxk pb{xk- n mnpynykx hxfznn& Rxkikf y,n ufb- y mkyp{j i k yjrcy- y yk h{i{xk n kn7 y mk pcukyrkfyi bkypxkukjnxkf Lfxkm{n Pxkcr- bkn- {jbkuf j y{emkr- fukf ixkbnjf i e{,ykykx n kn pxkzkjn mf jrmjnxk*

Mk ljanf xfl{xnmk- mk frnjakf rx{jidn{xnmk- jajjb jikr {jijr yrxukidn* Yk jrcfxyk n m{jb ixfxkf jfpcn- xknjrx jpkrkx* Fxfjof hmfjf ik ficpkxkf njrxfxkf n fpxnjyk cpfn{m* Fhnffr{jin uz{ pk lfy c ixkfja ifl {yifr- i{ irkuf hchnrk bkzlk{x pk kf* Injk c fb{ykyk3 Ijb3 Nkn j eff pkrkxnn n pxnun{xlkmk bnj zpfb* E{ykyk pxnkrkj{m m{n , {xy{m*

n znikf Y{x{- b{p lc{m bk px ikj{n{ ik,m fukf pk ex{jrk*Kxf yklj bk fjn- yf{*** bk jkmkpin{jk pxnjrxk fn yn3

mf rk {nr& n,f ei{r pxcunznn pk nfxj& Bfx ik m,c en rxkznr bnjyclj3(


11/50

_lhn jb{ncfr n lfji h{i{xcy ex{ir{m zlk{xnn* Fukf n kmpxcunznn j icrmcj{m fyi{jy fm pkrkxnn7 yrrkf{ hnjk- mf xicfxk- ffi fukf i{ ik y,n jrcfxi bfx{m pxnkrkj{m{n- mf pxnlufx- ijb ykuf rxkzn bk,f hnjkmkf* Y{x{& kxf{ pxnkrkjn bk l{mr- bk ijb- p{n ennjb-{xy{mk{m xlykyk ex lfl , {j cl ex lnjrk c {inykyk bnjypfnl pcfrk- yf{ pkjrx{ hmfj- injk rnk3

Km m aynyk pmjajb j ekm{m m{n- mja icxp{m lflkn* M,f m{fr-m,f jaxnonr- m,f fbpcyrnr c uxklk j pkrkx- fpcn m,f myfr y pmkikj m{lkf m{n* n ei{yk hxmca{m j{ bkpfxrk bk pkrkx n bk ficmcn pzkf pxnkrkj{m , j{ cxninjk p{rkf fo{jak mf km- {xy{m mk lnxcykfajb{xnmk n mk nkkf jfnjrk* Im{ax{m hafyk ikuf bk ykfl nyk lnxf i{l bk xk{kf fjnlfm{m pb{xnn y,n fb{mlkik ff hnjk pkcflkjnn i{ ajb{xn uxolfk* Pk jykxfr- bkykcxn ukjkf- if jrx,cunznr- pk mf pxnkrkj{m y{ , cl{m , i{ irk c ixkja{ i{ l{xk- yf{zlk{x- j a{x , bfx bk bxfacyrk {xykfyi*

Im{ax{m n pxkarkf n km irk ikuf bk fmk a{xnn n- b{p ik ykcyprf{ lpxk{j- lfn yrrkf{ ff- rcmjnn {j{m mja fmr{m- pknfxhf ukxbk- if mf yefr* [jkcxn cl{m pcukyrkf irk ikuf bnj y{emkr{mm{n- yf{ fxrf hcmrf i{ yrkmk yimnpnjb- nfx {xy{m lcxlnf- bk pfxi j,kmkakf7 lfn imrnjf ifp{m n nfx lcxlnf pk bnekxnrk rcjfmnrn- jrx,{jrxzn{- yk bkypxkf{- b{ijb{,yk enkifxk ypxk i{mi{{m m{n*

Y{x{- bkin- m bnh{nyk i fx en j y{ekxnj n,n ukjnyk j fo{rcx-i{l rnf km* n myfyk {j bfx pk lfy- yklj i j{ m,f {nrfr- i j{ kynja{x*

_lhn jb{ncfr- fpcn n pxkarn irk ikuf bk injfr* n- bkc,bfr- pfxi rcfr pkrkxf yk {lpm{ bk i{unjrkmk m{n Bkikjk{? Krnycm{m bxfacyrkn {j{n jkfl(* J{ e{ykyk {j uny- in c rxnxk fbkuxfr-p{rkxjni- ik n yk jrnpxnyk j y{emkr n j lnjrk*

E{ykyk {j fbkuxfr lkyfo fm Ikx{m{n n km yk ynln lni y{hlxknf i{unjrkmcx n f bfr{m{n* Rxkh{nf y enk bklj bk fikyrf*Fbni- ik y efi3 J{ rnf ji- bfx yk uf x{af l{mr n uf frkprfi{ jixkbkxk yklj{m*** ifxk uf en km& Kxf i{e{jbfr ji j ajb{xnmkyfmk- ijb f{zn zpfbf yixnjb y{h jnrk pfn axhnn n nijkrk bkchcykfmf {xi{{m{n* Nkn j eff pkrkxnn*

Bcn rnjkxn {xif{ i{ axk{- hnfr{m ypxnonjnjb n lfn l{mr rxajbefrf j y{y* Pk {jbk ukjkf{- zpfbf mk kxf pj mf akj{jidn n kn

pfxi njrxf{ j nlkjynrfrkf fmh* Kxf{ ex{lcn ff- j kecxr{m mcx- jbxfacyrkf mcx7 iin mk xzhrkf bnj enkifxk akyr mkar{xf rxfnjni fy{emkrkmcx*

n frkpr y {xik- zlhnjb pxnjrkrk* P{njn i{jcrkf{ bx{l{mypxk pkrkx- nfx n lfn p{njn i{rkzf{ {xi{{m , iin yk rnf ik pkxn,icmk m pfyi pk ikm i{ njnlf jbcnr- prfr bk lnjin{j yf{ {x

,ikmf- dcrxr- j{ fo{jakf pj y{y* B{d{m l{jrkm{n n pkbkpykrk(-#Nikf{ mcifmjninn*rnf bcn y{jr n i{xfn mf y{emkr- n rfxk jkionn- bk,f{ fp{ifr

f fo{jak ff xkpkbk fnin&( ajbn Im{ax{m- pxnunjb{,n i{l- femfn jefof m{n- b{p ik,n bb{ykx hnjkk- yk yi{r{xf{ bk zpfb n ykjbkljf{ {j{m pk fmr{m- rnlnzn- mf ucxh*

j ikmk bnj {xl- xkypnxjb fbji n eijb{,n i{xfo- hnfr{mei{ {j pfy jfnjrk n jbxzjn?

,Y jk nkxn- jrklknkrcx{mk& n bcxnl unf m{lnjfr- fjn l{mnm h{jn n rk x{al bnj y{emkr y jk fo{n* Iin bfi r{ j{ pcn- fpcnfmr fo{rcx j{ fukl bk {jbk iprf*,Hnjk fn ukjnr fnin- mf pkrkxf bnj l{jn& Dfn- njrxfn& Ikm bk Y{yyb u bkf ekxninxkf n mnjnrkf y{emkr{m{n n f ajb{xnmcx- b{p ifxkl{mr lfn onjb{nn- yk pfxk* mf yp{jkn- injk y{jrkn ucn n ifxk,m hfn{m3&,K{ y{jr Pkrx{- en{m m{n Pkrxfj- ikm ik,n yrpj pkyrk nj{r{xnmkHxzfukn- nfx kf*** kf kyrk Nmkfjf- efrf m{n Ichfx- yrpj pkyrk nj{r{xnmk bnj ufmkf Ikxjkn* Ukzn- jcn jk i{jcfrkl bk lnin- bk pk ijbpxnjnn jcrxn kxf{ pxnkrkjn7 ukinjn ennjb- jk pkrxkikfl l{mr rnlplpxk{j n*** jk jkmkakfl rfxk hnjk- bnjrcrbkf{jf jk,fl jkmkyhnjk*** jk*** jk pmikl {j{m pk fmr{m*** n j{ uxkl y jk bkypxnl*Fyrf,n& J{ uxkl y jk bkypxnl jnincbfr* Uxkl y jk {jnl unknmkpkjrx{ rcrbkf{jf*,Pn injk uxkf y bkypfxr bcn rnjkxn ex{lcn if ucn- ifxk ykN{hkyi3& Mf i{ujr{m n{hkyi(- rnjkxnn yk {nrfx xcnjb {j{m mf

fmr{m nmyfx cidnn j ocy x{njfn* Ljf hnfr{m{n bnh{n ljf ekrkn- c pxnjykn j,c lfn my* Fpcn znyk?,Pxnjnn jcrxn& F{ pcxjnr c uxfoh jrxk kn- bk inuf fjn*** yk ikfxr pkjrx{pljr n fukxk- bk j{ lfn rn{ ifxk,n lfn hcafr nlfn axczfu fnin- j Bfinf*n pk kf ucx y,c lxnrk i{ {j fmr{m- ukinjnjypxk lnfzjcfprk- ifxk,n hrxjj{lfn if y {jkfyi lcnnmk*


12/50

,K{ j{,m uxkf{ pk Jka{x& , xy{j ucikf ekrkn- ixnyrfmnj- bfxp{rkxjni jrxk pkxknn pkrkxnn* K{ pk Pkrx{ m uxkf{ bk hxhfr- bfx j{uxkf rr{if&,Bfx pxnjnn rn3 m jrxkh pk hnfr Im{ax{m*,Pxnjnn lkn c pmfi pk Nmkfjf- mk k bxfa*** bfx fi{l yk pxkarkyi bk m{pr pkjrx{ lcnk*** yf{ efm*** rfrm kn*** ff i j{ lfnrn{& jrklknkrcx{mk- fo{r,jk&Yrrkf{ njjb{,yk yrxjy bk lj n {nrjb{,yk mf km i{ bkz,

jbkobkf bkypxnxnn*n pxnukf pk xjb- inrnjb{,mk y{e mkrkmk* J{ ucnf y yk flkyrkik

j rxkh{xn bk eflnmnk- ff- jkidklfr- bfx jnin xzhcn jrxk umyrfxkmkfikm{nfn jkfl j{ p{rkf jab{n* Ikn bcn icpnn lfn lfxn yrrkf{-frkprjb dcrxxkf* Kxf{ ynjikxn n i{xfn- nfx n{hnxkf mk lpmkrnyki{j{j bk f{x- i{j{j bk ycfxk- {jnjb{,n*

,n ik u,fen ajbnr ucn y efi- if y u,fo{r3&,Pn- y,n yp{jkl bxkpr- rk,cl x{af y hnjki{ujrkzn {jnxkfjcfyrx-i jcn*** cl e{an fljbcn- pk fmrk lkmkfa{xn7 y j{ jk lfnaykfyi-y jk bkypfxr* J,fukl jkucnk bk fukxn- jk fukl {j{mpk fmr{m n,n

bkfo{jy&,J{ u,fn ajbnr pxkf hnjk- icpnn&jrn i,n jkycicrnn n,n y{pxfn pk

pxnjn*** n j{ k hnjk* Xypmrnn bxfacyrkf mcx i{ jkjixkbkxk* U jbcnnbkin i fx lfn p{rkf en jb{pmkifn& Cfxk- idnfx ff y enk3

Fpcn- i uxkn f u b{ik pk lkmkfa{xn yrxnjk- bkpfxrk bkpljr{m yrxlckyi- nfx j{,n hnjk& Iin enkifxk- ficmc n fxkxbinjnmk {jbk y,f jyi{r- jrxk lcnn n yrxlcnn m{n*

Uxkn y enn lkxk{ bkzxbinjfn3 Y j{ u lfn aynn mci{m nmnjnrkf bk bcx{m xnn3& J{ k hnjk bkmci& mf dfnbkn bk ljifn fi{likuf i{ lnjk- {nrk rcilfn p{ykykl bk,c inj*** cl lfn ucxhn***jk,cl lfn ajbn*** jk,cl lfn x{af mf _fmlctk y jk bkf yefr jk,

mkpr mf jcfprk* Y j{ u pxnpnn& Axfhf yrxni h{jf xjb{nfm* n,fpcnu ukn cbndjn- nin pk mfunk- i u,c en ecyr-bk fo{jy chcykfmf {xi{,{m{n*** k{ lfn yrf{ p{nj fefx7 fl c ucxh bk rfnj i{ yrkmkmk* Ikmbk Y{y y jk m{lnjkzk njnlf n lnjrkf n,cxj rn ik k lfn hnjk bkei{r*

Nkn fefx bnj pkrkx n yk fkz pk yi{jkm{m m{n bk pnfrx- bkmf njrxfxk* Yk jukmn j icoci n xlfyk ajbnrcx- pxnunjb ikx{m* Kxf c

jcfprk ykjnj* Rnjkxnn pxchfhnm fbcxlnykx- {xy{m kxf j hxmca{m m{n-pfxi n ujr{m n jikrfyk pmnlhfxkf* Xlykyk km ynja{x rxkfz-pk {j uxe bk l{jrk- i{ y{emkr{m m{n n i{ krkxjnrfrkf* Pxnukf jfbji{m jkuz{r{m{n- i{rjb xyp{jy{xn* Yrkmkmk yimnpkf{ o{i{k-#lhnjb{,n adnb{*** j xkyr- rcr{m pxkf jixklkjnr- jrx,{j rxzn{-fpx{ m{jf n- bnjrx,cbfr- pnir{xnmk bk adkf bk pxkr{rnjbkjn n

fpxnjykx jkyrklfrkmk*C m{lnj nxkfm- bk y{y n bk ocy- m jum{nf- fmnjjb{,m* Pfy,xkf ajb{xnmcx n m{ zhcx{m ypxk jfmr* Yrr{ ff c uxklk- l{mr-p{nj- jnin km j{ rnf- fpcn yk xnbni- ei{ c pmkiin{jk j eff enxnn-bb{ bnj ifp f jkmkakxk n njrx j pkrkx- {jbk yk jrnjyk jrx,{jicm- y bcfxl*

Ikrfrkf Hxzfukn exklrf bk frrf crnxk* Kxf pxkarnxk lfxk7yk zucjnyk i uf pcxjn xzhcn ypxk nj{r{m- pj lfn nkxn pxnkrkj- fmxkakm{n Ichfx* Ucxhk- cfprk*** pxkarnxn*** zaclcrk bk enfxk* Crkjni{ mjin j lj pzkf{ njrxfxkf j pfmfr*

j{jrx{- ikn hrxjn e{ykykx idklfn mf yefr* Xkakmk Pkrxfjkxf ljncy rfxk , rcilfn njrxfyk c ycmnk bnj pfxrkf xkakm{n Ichfx*

Fefx- cflkjnn yrrkf{ pmi{xn- pmi{xn- iclkjrjb- yebnj,b{,yk*** frkprjb i{ jaxnocxfxk xkz{mrfr{m yefr{m{n7 {jnn- lfn rnjkxn-i{rf{ pxnmko y,n fxfrk jbkljfxkf n i{xfo{m j jkyh{njfuxyrkn- bcxnjb y yk fx{jik ir lfn xkpkbk j umrcfxkf {jkn m{prkfbkuxfrk7 ikn lfn uxyrjnin lcijkf{ y{pxxn n b{xkxk j {nrr{xfbk y{h ypxjikfj , j{ ucnf{ xzhcn jrxk cflkjnn fikm{nfn jkfl*

Mf ik h{j y rk m{pn i{ exfrkmk r{- ijb pcn y,n enn pxnkrkj3&Ijb k jkmkpin{jk- cxnik pxninj yk yrnjak i{ bxfacyrk bk fx nbk cflkjn& _fmlctk jk jbkflj ypxk {jnxk- j{ ypxk zfunyrnk&(

Uxyrkmk yk incijkf{ jrxk kmk- yk jinjakf{ ypnxnrkmk7 {jnn yklpnjakf{ jrxk kn i{ {lkxnn- bk jenkxhjrfn n jkb{lkxnn ik kxf{*Nin n icmc yk f{zkf{ amfy{xn bk eklkn- inxnpnjb ljncfyk irk ikuf*

_jajkf{ fxlk- frkmnkxkmk j{ lfn pxnbnbkf{ i{ fxfjofr{mpnkprfxkmcx n irnmcx bk pnkmk pkjrx{ crnxk7 j{ bkpfxrk yk f{zkfrxcpcr{m dkxadkmnkn bk ifn- ik kxf{ pxkarnn bk m{pr*

Bkcbfr- bnjypxk pcfxrf ikrnn- c cfpr rxki{ bnj a{x,j a{x-jencxjb?


13/50

, F ichcxr jrklknkrcx{m& Unjk ypxk ikrfrk&Pcxnmk yk bkyidnykx mfxa- rcn myfx m{ix{m n yk h{m{inx y,m

ufb7 crkjnn njkf{ i{ axk{ l{mnlkf j ex{*, Bfi jrklknkrcx{m f ichcxr bnj l{jrk- jykflj i,n c bf,

xfukx lfxk7 nf y yrl jcn i{lnjn bk,c pfxrk- y,m fyi{mrl- ijk,c bkym{n n jk,c mnjnrn- pcfrk- rcfr jkpxnkrkjnf fyrf& cprn c

hfxh y{x irxk rcufx{m y{ bk,fmr{xn* n ucxhkmk rxki{x n kmk-if c fbnkxk*** xkpkrfrk*** jimznjb y{emkrk*Pk bx{lkfa{m bnjypxk l{jrk ukjkf jikr- pfxi pm{rnjb-

Im{ax{m jcyrx{* _nikfn i jnin j{ frnjakf zpfbf* C ynm{kr fmh-if c lxknk- jfnjrf* Ycfxkmk bnlnjknn n m{lnjf epr{xf n km ukjkffb{ijb i{ ynjk rxnf l{jnmcx n ekxlnrfrkf hxfznmcx- mnjnrkf jm,nlnmcx n jkmkpin{jkf yrkmkmcx*

Crkjnn bk mf pcxn yk fpmkifx i{ xkypkir n ukjkxfnk*L{mnlkf yk bb{ mf c pfxrk- eijb{,n mci- pmkijb ifpkrkmk j effikm{n pk ifxk,m ycicrkf{ xjfn jkmkpr bkir rcn*

lhxifr j yrxfnk fmhk- m{jan- i{ hx{m j i{mcxnmk eci{m{n- ycfxk,m{n n f ikx{m{n- yrxjy hnjk pk lnomci- i{ cpnjin j pnincfxk- Im{ax{m

pxkf {j cl chnj{nr7 bfx kxf ikuf- ikuf jkbkenjnr ik nzucxf bnjennjf m{n*** pcfrk bnj pmkrkmk fmhnrk bk uxklk- pcfrk bnj nlkjynrfrkffmhfyrx f pxnunxnn- yf{ bnj zlhkr{m y{ fhnf jrxkzxnr ik xkuxyfh{jrfrk7 kxf ikuf ik,m jicjo{xf n,m jmf bkfy{pxf r{r{xcx- idnfxbk j{ xcyrkf uxkc ucxh* n enfxkmk bnj pb{xk m n{hkf{*

, jrklknkrcx{m- k lkyfakx{m Ikx{m{n&cfprf rxki{ fpxcfpk jkf{znr- bfx rcn c jkmkykykx7 idnfx n

ikn lfn rnjkxn yrrkf{ fi{l i{lnjn- pxnunjb ypxk ikm ifxk fb{ykyki{ km*** ff- ikuf if c pfik j y{emkr*

Im{ax{m jfnjrf mnjnrnr- ypxnonjnjb{,yk j rcnfa{m y{ i{ ifp bkixklkjk- n yk jbxkpr ypxk pfmfr* I{ rcnn y,f{ bfr mf c pfxrk bnj

ifmkf m{n- eijb{,n mci- idnfx n crkjnn bk pfz n yekrjninn bk rfnj***n km yk b{yk- i{ lkxy bclcm- pj ik prx{jyk ifml n ykjnj jcbfnf bk yefr*

Fhnf fr{jin yk cpxn- {nrjb{,yk frkjr mf ikn bk efik yk i{rxk,l{xfx uzjb{,m* Cflkjnn ycmnkn yk rxfykx n kn bkcpfxrk* Kxf{ena{xn jix{jrfrk- ik pxchfhnm j{ xcyrnykx i{unjrk bk hnjk? uz{b{xkxk j cidnn {jcxf- jixjikjfxk j fn fmrcxf* Uz{ n y{emkr{m n ykjrxnyrf*

Xkakmk bb{ y yk yicfmk bnj yif{j{m m{n- bfx j{ p{r{*** pxnun,xkf fikkf ikxikrrcfxk n p{rkxjni n njkf pk rcn pk mci- ff i{lyk aykf{*** ikuf n jixklkjnyk*

jrklknkrcx{m n xcrn pxnunxnmk jikr- ikxikrjb njnlnmk- jrxkhjbpfxi? I{l bk yk,jrlpm ff ikuf3( Xzhcnjninn n fyi{jbkf{cidnn y{h pmkcfpk myfrk j axfh- hrxjnn yefr{m{n xyp{jbkf{ i{pxnunxn rxnyrk- jkp{rnjincfyk* Cer n eijb inuf pfn- yk cpxn j effyif{j{m{n xkakyi* Pkrxfj jikxi f janlf ikuf- bfx y{h rxnfm{lnjnn ik e{makxf bnj cidnn Im{ax{m{n- yk cpxn*

, J{ k jkucnk y,ln yp{n jnlni- Pkrxfj& Pljr{m y,f i{rxkl{xfr- hxfznn f{ pmjy i{ ikrnj- zpfbf y,f jxcnr bk b{xkxk- nfx{jbkuf- c pfyxk f jcpnn np f likm*** f lcfxrk jrxk exfn*

Ucxhkf ifml n mnjnrnr- bfx yp{ykmk m{n pxkf{ r{jkr ikmcx ik,mfyi{mrf{*** {j r{jkr fm enxnn*

, Y j{ jbxzjkrn- xkak- y xnbnin yfhnf fy{pxf exfrkm{n r{- iin,cx yi{mf yrxlcnn bnj yclj{m jkl{xnxnn- rk,cx fxrf i{ bkakr{m***rk,cx pkbkpyn& Ix{jr k pkbkfpyf yrxh{j& Ekxkrk,rk& Fn fyl{nri{ miclnf rf icxhnn xzhcnjnin fy{pxf ikrnn n bk icjrnj{n*** fn y

mk ifzn pxfb n r{*** Jcxnn ucxhkmcx ucfyrxk yk fb{j n j i{xjbucx e{makxf&Pxnunjb{,n bnj jc{ pk enkifxk- icjrnj{?, J{,n lfn ukzn y{p{nn- xkak3 J{,n lfn ynln pcpcx{m3 Rk,f

cxhnr yrxm{inxkf afmhkj{m{n bk lkrfm n fn {nrfr bk f{x{m njnlnn*** bkYcfxk*** bk N{hnxk*** bk Bxkprfrk&

Ucxhkmk ibkf{ axkmk , mcunr{xn bk hnin pkyrk znb{xnmk jixjik,jxnn- bxljb n kmnhkxjb y{emkrk* Ikn xzhcnjnin jikp{x f yk ecn-onjfn* Xkakmk pmkifyk ifp{m- x{njfr- if {j icpnm pxnjyjrx,c crnk***rcfrk ajb{xnmk m{n bk m{pr zh{xfx pfxi yp{mhkxfrk bk fbkux{mi{unjrkmcx ik ji lfn {lpmkf{ jipkxkf*

Bfx Im{ax{m icjrnj{- pkjrx{ if jur{xf y enk bkpmnj?, Fn ux{r y enn lfn p{rkxjni- xkak3 Fn ux{r y enn lfn mnhkx n lfnnrerpj pkyrk rcn3 Cfxk ijb ukn jkmkak i j{lfn Hnjkmk rk efikp{rkxjni n mnhkx n i rcrbkf{jf x{m jmj{nk- y{ho{a- rk yidnlhNj yimfu pk jkynlnrk& Ub i xkakmk Ichfx n,f rxnlny ycmnk bk pfike& pxnkrkjnk& Cl h{j n axno{mn{ i{ pcpcx{m m{n& Cflkjnn rn- Pkrxfj***prnucrk,n? jixjikjfn {jnn- jb{xkxfn ikn lfn jkmkpn* R{mh{xfxkl*nxc k,jm{jrx{m mcx* Ff axno fn r{ bk kn3 Ik uxkn y mk bx{nkrn3


14/50

[j likm3 Pkjrx{ ik3 Rk,f fy{pxnr injkuf3 Ub i j{& Bcfx {j e{lunimkfj ik n,f ficpkxnr njnlf n lnjrkf*** yi{r{x,rk& Pxnukrk? rcnfrkfpr dcrxxkf rf& E,mk {j bfx& [j bfx i{ fbkuxfr xkakyi?c j{jr j mci{m {j{n xzhcn* Enn p{rkxjni pxnj n{hnxk- bkir yimfu pxnjxzh{jfxk& Pkrx{- hnfr{m r{- c n{hkrk pk Nmkfjf m{n Ichfx* Ik ln,j{jk f enxnn- ik {jnxk fbkuxfr n enxkfyi& Bk ik uxkn y,c yrxnin-

xkak3& n nj{r{xnmk ucfyrxk y,cx {jn n ukn en lpxk{j lfn p{rkxjnin-bfx pxnj exnk&Ri{ irkuf imnpk- ajbnjb- fpcn icjrnj{?, Icpnnn ucx ukjn mf rnjk- lnjk- ijb ycfxkmk uf en mf lnomci{m

ikx{m{n* Ukn efik i{l ukn dcrx ynja{x- i{ y{emkr{m r{&n pxnunjb bk o{x lpxko{x- lfn znyk?, U mfy rcfr bxfacyrkf lkf&Yk jrcfxyk {cx n pcxjn jikr- pfxi pm{rnjb- ypxk nknxk* Kxf

c mnjnrk ik yk p{rkf ljanf*, jrklknkrcx{mk- rk xca- lfn yrfn& Amfy{m xkakm{n xy{j p{rkx

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jrcxijb{,yk ypxk iknmfmn- xyk?, Jk pxkarnl bk j{jr- cflkjn h{jn- j{ bk xzhcn&[j ufm bk h{i{xnk exklrf j rcfr yfmf n yk jrnjyk pj

bkpfxrk- i{pxnjzjb rcfr ikrfrkf- jikp{x f yk f{zn xykrk nidn{nr{xn- jrklknkrcx{m pxnjyk f zlhn hmjb n m{lnjf pxnunxnn yfmkyimnpn o{i{?

,Fi{l krn jrx,fbkux xkak- bnj lfxkmk jkfl fm m{n _fmlctk***Y j{ {nn jnin r{- jnin ucn , znyk- pxnunjb{,n pk iknmfmn bnj yfm ,- ifbkuxfrf n {jnif p{rkxk f jkfl{m{n yr j {jnxkf n bxfacyrkf bnj,rxk exfn*

n jimnjjb ifp{m f xlfy h{j- jrklknkrcx{m yk,jrcfxyk n nknbnj cbfnk- myjb j {xlf m{n c {jb pxcfypr bk pxnlufx- bkpkxfj- c {jb bk unf i{ lnxcy bk emcfxk* Rxkikf jikr if cpxkxk pxnjrxk xjb{xnmk bk cflkjn- fi{l zlhnrcxn i{ rcnn- pxnunjb{jkcxn ypxk {j{m yf{ ypxk fmr{m bnjrxk kn- ljanjb icpnnn*** rxkikf-m,j {xlf m{n xljkf yrpj h{i{xnf n l{m{lnxkf* Ikuf yklpmnjnyk j hnjk7 yk ynlkf{ kmnhkxfn bk pcukxn n bk axnon , kxf bnjjc{ imb{x j y{emkrk*** kxf bnj jc{ pfik*

BFX[MJKFL[M[NBFI

Yrrkf pk yi{jkm{m m{n bk pnfrx- mf njrxfxkf pkrkxnn- ypxnonjnr i{pkrkmk bk yrjif l{jrkm{n n pxnukf bkpxrxnmk*

Ycfxkmk xyxnyk bk l{mrk cxn bk ijb pmkifyk Pkrx{ i{ NmkfjfN{m* I{ cidn m{lnjcn- pmnjn bk unyk n ypkxfjk- njjb{,yk yrxjy bkeemj- f{ jakj{jidnfr j eff n{n- pkjrx{ hnjki{ujrfxk* Y,f x{afrprjrx{ kn- i{ lnjnmk jmfrk ypxk Ikm bnj jfmr- y mk cixcrkfyin{hnxkf n y mk jkrkzkfyi ixfxkf unknn- y,n ekxkfyi- frr irrk jab{nr n ecmcynrcx- bk b{ljnn n njrxnan*** y,n bx{nfyi i{px{jin injyrnn n dfxjnin- if jnrk fbkuxfn bfin*

Mk,f ucxhnr fpcn bkypxk rxnjninf n{hnxnn n jkyexnrf kn jab{nj-bqpxk jkmkakxk- unrkonk n jkmkpin{jk n lfn fmky bkypxk jkj,Nxrx{prf fyi{mrfxk f mkanmcx enxnn- f mkanmcx yfixk myfrk mcx bk xkanjfDnyrnf n _fmlctk*

Mf yexnr n,f hnjki{ujrfr- nfx kn m,f{ lhxnfr if bcn icpnnlfxn ik yk femf{- yx{rjb{,n pmkrkmk* Fpcn y,f{ m{fr bk lj n f{jikp{r f fmkxaf pk pcrkin mf ufmk- bk znikfn i zhcfx j{ fmrf-pfxi j{ lfn ktnyrf{ hcmcufjn- pcuxjn{xn- fm{jki{{xn*** jnlni***bx{l{m ekxninxnn mcx kxf jkrkb n kn pkf{ pk km ex jnin c axno*

N,f lfn hnjki{ujrfr c bfr- bk fnin- bk y{y n n,f pkrxki{r i{#emlhkr{m pxnunxnn- pj bkpfxrk*** pkyrk rnlp* Pxchfhnm i m,f{ l{m{,lnr ikmk femfrk- iin zlhkr{m n yk m{lnj- i{pxnjzjb rcfr epr{xf*


15/50

Er{if n myfyk mf pmkifxk lfxflf kn fmh*** i{xfr n bnfefjif n y{emkr{m kn* F lpr{xnr,c n f p{y,c hnjk- jrx,{j icm ekxnr- y{ypk c pcmnincfx ik n,c joadkhfyk bnjrx,{j mklj bk hxfb7 injk rnkijb uf rxkh{n mf ikuf*

J,fp{ifykx hnjk rnjkxnn y pmkik- ijb y,f pclkjnr nfx i{ {xy{mj pxfa*

, Kn- i{lkrxk- bfx fi{ ik lfn k3 J{ pcn bcxln3 Yf{ hfrk bkofujr{m emcxnmcx n k{ j{ rn{3& Ik rcr lcxln3& n,m ljank {cx pkifp- fpcn mf xbinjf jfy{m{n- {jbk rnf i,n pmfik*

Bfx Y{x{ j{ yk mnjnrkf bk ekm7 lcxlnf lnijb ifp{m jrx,{jekm i{xncy- pfxi idkljb{,m {jbkuf* Xnbnif mfhf n pfxi m rxakf*Ik kxf cfxk3

Im{ax{m m pxnun lfn frkjr n yk ei{ i j{,jkmkak- if ynyicbkfyi pxnikpkxkf {xy{m{n n ik uxkf km f fxrf* Bfx fjnlfm{m-jkbcukbnjb fmrekm y,n {xjkfyi pxnkrkj{m- yk pcyr j ypfrkmk m{n njikp{ f,m lpnjak i{ hcr{m fefx*

, Kn- pxnkrkjk- nf yrfn& R{ uxkn y l b{in jrx,{j mci fj{lk*K jkucnk bk lnjk ficmc& Pn fr{jin y,ln nf{ n rxfnyrf i{ mkfi{xn-

icoci{m n*** dfn y ukbkl nypxfuf&n {nrk,ff- {xy{m m b{yk pk ixxn bk km rn{rk- pxnjrxk r{ek{yifrk bk l{xk n zlk{x- pk jnrk pcuxjn{xn lfn fhx{prk- pjmf mci{m {jbk c ipxncfx zikf xy{emjb bnj axk{ n akljb j,ikrncx j axfn{m kn* I{ cidnn {lkzn n x{arcxn yk {nrf mf pkxkidkf knifxk- fmr{xn- i{ icfxjkmk xnbnifrk- c pzkf*

Ijb n uz{ ukjnjb- ikxh{m yk jkmnjnrn n,n jbxkpr flkjnj,rcx icfxjkmk ypxk {xy* Bfx yk pcrcmn f{znjb amfy{m Im{ax{m{n7{xy{m yk cpxn mf bnyrfj- y j{ ypkxnk ipxncfxf*

Bcfx cl{m yk fpxcpnk n yk fpmki ljanjb ipcx{m enj nbkmnifr*

, mf y ukbkl- ekrnf rfrkn- ik,fn pnr lfrf3 Ub i j{ krnxjnr pk jninkxn- bcfx irkuf zaxnkr{xn*** fyrf,n hnjk*** f- bfx ik,ni{ pnincx{{m r{3 Y,f exjr* Fn y yrfn i{lnjrk- y rk {ja k{ i,c fmnenk bk,f lkf*** n,cn lfn p{jk n jnrk ex{jzk- ik,y fi{l {yifrk- bfximb{xf ycfxkm{n bk ufx rcr c lfn pyrxkfz*** ff7 fi{l y x{alhxfb{m bk,fmr{xn y jk bkf bc{ ixkja{k jnin pxkf lfxn- jnin pxkflnin- ktfir ir y,n mka pnincx{{m- y yrkf i{lnjrk*** {nrk- fl fninikuf enn bk ijkp*** yrfn i{lnjrk- j,c y rk bcfx& Ff- ukzn-

i{l krn afrf* Y yrfn mnjnrnr- i rk,cn b{ik,j hxfk- mf pkrkx- yrk jaxnokyi {j rnlp- pj rk,cn unjbkif- fpcn rk,cn jrcfxik ljbxk,$nm bk ikxh* Kn- ik znin3

Im{ax{m ucxhkf n lnjnmk n m{ixf{- fb{ijb fmnjfxk* Bnj ijbNj ijb- pxnukf irxk ikxh- ifxk yk bkpxrfyk p{nj- yrjb jrxkcpxncfx n {xy- y,c fpkxk mf jkucnk- n bk ficmc {xlxkf frkjr lfnl{mr amfy{m bkir lnjnmk cl{m{n* Fikyrf yk xnbnifyk fi{l- i{ i,pxncfxf j hxfk n- {nrjb{,yk ent ypxk ikxh- n ucxhn i{ amfy{m njnlnnen fm cidnmcx*** fpcn pcxjn jikr- i{ axno- jfpcn ypxk pkrkx*

Bfx j,c lfn m{ pk fikmfn bx{l- in cicmn pk pcrki- y,n enk lfnmyjk bk b{y rx{p{m anjaf n frr bk exfanm fm ipxncfxkn*

Ikxh{m n {xy{m m {xlf{- mf bnyrfj {j{n bk fmr{m- jab{njb{,yk*Ff fo{jykx i{ rcnn mf pkrkx- fpcn {xy{m pmkifyk ypxk hx,

mca{m m{n- nfx ikxh{m- b{p ik bb{ cicm bk irkuf cxn- bnypx{ n kmNj pb{xk- mnjnrnr n lfnkyr{cy- pfxi rnnjb i lfn hnjk pkjrx{rcufxf m{n j{ yk p{rkf , ynlnyk n{hnxkf bnj njnlf n bnj amfy{mcl{m{n*

Fi{l- ipxncfxf bcxlkf mnjnrnr jrxk hmj{xn- nfx Im{ax{m

nrrkf pk yi{jkm- pxnunjb bkpxrxnmk*Frkprf& Rcr y{emkr{m m{n frkprf {j yklj*** c ukyrk*** ikuf ifxk

F,m fxfrk ik fxk bk ei{r*Yk x{afyk l{mr n fi{l frkprf7 i{ pxnunxnmk pnkxb{rk j bkpx,

rxn- n flnjrkf bnj jc{ i{unjrkmk m{n Bkikjk{? ycm fm bxfacyrknjkfl{m{n bfi(*

, Ik ekm bk ycm pcr en k{3 rn{ frr bk p{njk*** Bk,f en uxkbjnin*** Cidnn lkn m ucx ukbkf pk En{m M{lnjnn- akj{jidnn lkn y,cxpmkif j eff M{n- y{emkr{m lk{ uf fmkxaf jfnjrk n,n uf yx{rf pnincx{kmk*** c- Bcfljk- rcfr ennjf lkf k afrf y zhcfxk ypxk Km&***Bfx- nf yrfn&

[j ajb n e{makx lnjrkf n Im{ax{m yxn j pnincfxk*, mf yrfn* Ycmnn fb{i bfx{xn* Ik bfx y b{i k{*** M{n3 Ik bfx yb{i Px{ji{m{n3 I,ff,n bfrnjf mf jcn- f lkxak i{ bfx bk y{emkr njkmkpin{jk mf cxnik jc{,jyi{r& K{- ik rxkh{nk y b{i3 Cxni{l- j{pcfrk en*** cxnik&

Ajb{xnmk m jpbnykx n c klcnk n jexna{x ennjf- bfx i{xjbjc mnjnrn? Ik l jkiokyi ynja{x3 Ikx{m rnk ikm lfn hnjk- ff i(nn frkprf yklj&(


16/50

Yrrkf nfx ypxnonjnr bk yrji- pk yi{jkm- ikxikrjb zfxkf- nflnjrn- bkcbfr- i{l eklknmk jikp y ijrk jc{m{n jyi{r- bk hnjk-idkljb fpcn {xynrcfxkmk*** acypcbfx{m p{jk lfyf pk rkxafxk bknj- ukykmnk lfxk yk frkxjk* Yk h{i{x bk ukjnxkf px{ji{m{n- iinmk lpmnjkrk jkfl{m- bfx yk n jrxnyrkfz pkjrx{ km- iin bx{l{munknn jnin {j{nf j{,n pxkf {cx* Pcfrk bk fikkf hrxjnn pmjakf{ mfc jfrkxk n xbkf{ mf lcfxrk*

Bfx h{i{xnf eklknn bk f jfrk unf bnj rx{p{m kn k pxkf lfxk-ff i ukykmnf hnx{nk* Nfx hxhfr{m k ljbx{ rfxk i jkfl{m m{nlkxak lfn bkpfxrk- cy bnj cy{m m{n bnj{nk pkyrk uxklk*

Kn- ex{lcfyk chnikn{xn y pk mf jcn& Bfx ficmc*** j Afmnmkkf-i{l c en3 B,fpcn pxkiny fxk injk,m ijrf- nfx bk {xynrcfxk j,c b{ikmnpy- i l{mrk yrkmk,y pk ikx n rcfrk cx bf jufm y,M lkjkfyi*Kn- bfx ik zni k{& Km fxk bfr{m M{n- dcrxr bk Rfr&(

Yrr{ {j rnlp- ajbnjb mf pxzj{nxkf lpxrkfyi f Jfrkxnn*,fr{jin l,cn b{ik n k{ i{ bfx{m jcyr& Ikuf bk pk mf jcn***(C fbnkxk {cfx bk ujr n ljank pmkrkmk n rxki{ lfn bkpfx,

rk- pkyrk ixkjan- pkyrk l{jn- b{ijb ukyrkf pkyrk m{lk*

Im{ax{m cer bnjrx,cbfr- ff- fbji- bnj xx{jidn- ex y rnkbk ik- n ynln c imnp eci{m b{xkxnn*** ik y enk3 Kxf ikuf*** yf{ ufen*** c b{xkxk mkafr bk Px{ji{m Ikxkyi*** yf{ pcfrk bk km- lfn hnjkbk km*** n cer bnj jc{- pj mf mfixnln*

Kn- cl{mk- j m{lk y{jr l{mrk b{xkxn n l{mrk pxnlkobnn- bfx iknik f{ i{akr{m i{xfr n p{rkxjni ucx rxkik pkyrk kmk*(

n- bnjrx,cbfr- c mnjnrk fbji m i{pxnjyk* J{ lfn fukf jnin {jajb- jnin c axno*** j rcr n pkyrk rcr*** j km n pkyrk km*** kxf pfik*

Pxnukf n fi{l bkpxrxnmk n yk ynlkf pfxrk bnj jrxka- exlbk {jnukxy- pnir{x bk unf* Rxki{x imnpk*** lfn l{mrk*** j{ rnf7rnlp{m j{ lfn fukf pxk- rcr{m kxf*** fi{l n fnin* Bcfx jcxnn bk pkikx yk lnif{ jrx,{j bfjy {cx- yk pxnjbkf{ n yk bkypxnjbkf{-

jrx,{j ykjy fj{lk* Pfxi ucnf{ f,n yp{jk ikuf* Pxnun lfn frkjr n-y{h pxnunxkf m{n- yk ecxl bnj jcxn c yfhnk lfxk- j ecxl bk ix{ik***c yfhnk ik m{ikf pk ikx*

Yk exki mf cidn n yk {nr nfx*** yfhnf kxf mf mci{m kn*** hf- lfnl{mr- pfxi yk fpxcpnf- nfx pk ljkx{m kn yk bnyrnjakf{ rxkn pcbcfhklfxn- if rxkn yrkmk*** rxkn pnkrxk pxkncfyk* Frr bk imfx yk ukbkf- bkpfxi c njkf j lj*

n njnlf m{n yrxna? Fikyrf,n yklj{m& Fikyrf,n bfx{m&(j fikm lclkjr- jcxnn yk xnynpnx hx{yi n yfhnf bnypx{* If n

i{l n,fx en yp{y?Fi{l- bfi fn jkmky- pcr y pmki(*Im{ax{m yrf j{i? I{l y rk b{in mf {j px{ji i{ c yfhnk-

cxnir fx en kf bk lkrk{anr3& ,fpcn i{l- jcn y{jrkl jkfl bkxzhcnjnin- if y,n b{i c yfhnk3 Jkfl{m jcyrx{ k pfjni n pxnlnrcxC[ ikn ik unj i{ ajb{xn h{jk* Lfn hnjk y,m b{i fmrikuf* Ixkb ijfxj jkmky k{ hnjk& Bfx- cfxk- ik,c en ecyr i{ yfhnf fikfyrf3 Yl{m frkpr* n lnjk k c zn- nfx mf jcfprk cn yrf mf yefr i{ jkmkpr{mhxfznmcx*(

Bfx j{ yk imnjrn bnj mci n lfn yrr{- ff- uxklk jbkm{jafr-pnxi {jf i{ yrjif- pxnunjb jrxkhrcx zxnmk ik fl{xakf{*** ikx{mck yk jr{jkif* Fpx{x yrkmkmk*** fpcn m{jf*** n jnin {j fmr yklj j{m yk lfn fxr* Fr{jin- rxzn{ j jcfprk- yk b{yk jajb{xfr y ykcbndjkfyi* J,fp{i hnjk y njrxk j yclj- n m uz{ pk Bkikjk{-p{nj jix{jrfr- njjb j lj yfhnf j ecxl bk ix{ik*

, Fikyrf kyrk jrx,fbkux bfx{m r{& Fyi{mr n rk axhkrk y,mjbkpmnjkrn* Fn y,n jkmkan xcyr{m mf rnlp{m pcrxnunr* Fi{l pxnukrk

hnjk n njk lnjrk* Nfx fmrbfr- y ixkzn ijb ukzn n ijb j{ ukzn-bfx ynln*Im{ax{m pxnun i{ cidnn uny{m{n mf yfhnf lnfyrx? fukf c

m{ixr{x rfxk lkrk{anr- nfx ljkx{m- jrxkanjb ecxlf ix{inn- fukfNjix{yrfrk pk km rxkn jkyrklfrk lfxn- cufmk- bk rxkn i{mcxn? xc{- fmhe} ukxbk* C pxnun hnjk n ijb bcxn f lfn jrxkhf ikuf- yfhnf bny,pnx{*** rcr{m bkukjn jr{jkxni- n kn fbcxln pxce{jb n cbndjnrcx- pjijb xfzkmk ycfxkm{n njrxfx j pkrkx bk,f hnjkmkf- abnmjb{,m*

Yk rxkzn n yxn bkcbfr j pnincfxk- h{i{xcy jkucnk lfxk* Fukf

Njnlf pmnj n lnjrkf mnlpkbk? rnf& Fi{l- rnf&Nkn j eff pkrkxnn n fpxcfpk fmkxa ypxk px{*** n ei{ yim,bfr{m zcxnmcx bk zn- yfm{r hxfznn- fpcn yk jrcfxyk n yk b{yk mf mci{mN{m bk,jidnjin{jk* Yk pmki j eff ycfxkm{n n f enxnn- j eff Ikx{m{nm Pljr{m{n* n ff- juncxfr bk p{xnrfrkf fmh{m{n- i{ rxnjninfujxxnkm{n j y{emkr- yk xnbni km ypxk jmnln- jrx,c x{a bk bxfacyrk,**n l{m{lnxk ypxk _fmlctk- ypxk Ikm bnj M{lnj*** yk fbjikf i{

cf j fmhfyrx{m zxnn n,n {lpmkf ennjf bnj pxnjcy{m rxnxnmcx*** n


17/50

yk x{af- yrxnar bk n{hnxk- pkjrx{ cflkjn n pkjrx{ pkrni{m fikyrf bkpljr*** rxl bk uny- rxl bk jkfl- bk ixkbnj n bk bfrnjn- jrikxk- i{ hxfkmk xnbnifrk ypxk ymfu- idklf km m{lnjnmk jkl{xnxnn yfpxnjb ekrnmk bk n{hnxk j enkifxk y{emkr- if uxfohf n b{ljnf-ucxhf jrcxrcidnfr n fyi{jy y bnypfx bnj jkfl*

Yk x{af n y{emkr{m m{n yrxhrkf krkxjnrfrkf*** c imnp*** lfn

l{mrk*** fpcn- {j ufm bk bxfacyrk ifmb n jum{n n km fu{ rxnxkffo{jakxnn fify*** mf ifpr bk bx{l- n fr{jin ynln i x{af m{n-yrxhrjb nlkjynrnmk- f fo{jy*

Lfn yrr{ irkuf imnpk- h{i{xjb{,yk- fpcn- myjb hxfkmk jocy- yk lfn jimnj c bfr n yk jrcfxyk ypxk pkrkx* Bnj i{mi{{mkn- ipxncfxf m pxnukf i{ cidncxn ifmzn n hmjzn7 pnincx{{m fpxcfpkn yk unjbkifyk- bfx lfn rxkh{nf y zhcukfyi- if cy{m y pxnjbnfx rxnk- y pcfr zh{xbf ex axno* C ljank {cx- fpcn n bb{y hkf n y ljjik- ucxhnjb{,n*** n yp{yk y,m frkprk j mnjnrk***km fukf {j bx{l lfn m{ja bk ei{r* Rxkh{nf y lkfxa n y ykyer{nfyi i{ hrxj{m lkrkx f{xfx- bk pk i{mlkf jukinjfr*

Kxf{ pxnkrkjn ukidn* Lkrkx{m yk xkrxykyk n km jrx,c pkrkx

fyi{jy n bk ficmc- znikf{ cflkjnn*** ichcxf pj j njnlfl{jrkm{n- bk yrf bk ucxh i{ B{d{m Pljr{m{n*** nfx ijb {xif y{y-fpcn jikpkf f lkrkxn rcr ekm{m bk lnj{jnn bnj ik fb{ikf i{ km*

Cflkjnn ucxhkf{ kn- bfx m n{hkf{ n,n fb{ikf{ bk ljifxk- fmr,ekm fx en l{xnr bk ecflk- i km frrf rnf y efi rcfr zn{f? y lk,rkxkfyi n y ucxhkfyi*** i j{,n rikf a{xf jnin c imnp7 ucxhkfi{ l{jrkmk- i{ pnkrxkmk jkyrklfrk pk ifxk mk rcr e{nf- ucxhkf i{hxfznn- i{ nfxhf*** i{ pljr{m*

J{ njkf {ikjnin pk mja km , znikf i enkifxk rxkh{nk lfn jrny ynlr pnfrxf- y,c n{hkfyi- i fhnf pk {xl yk mfy kf lcbk,mfr*** bfx j{lfn bk fikm ik c jkmkak*** ff i km j{ fxk ik,n

juf lfn l{mr- bkir y jbxakfyi rcr{m*[j hrxj- axhcunr bk fjn n bk fpmkifr{m fy{pxf m{ix{m{n- fypx{mf ucxh n i{xfr mf y{emkr if {j icpnm- fyrf kxf*

jrx,c nfxj- bk l{mr- iz{yk bk pk l{jrk n {xy{m m b{ykyk pkIm{ax mf mci{m nypxunn- y,m fo{rk* Ff y,f{ i{jcyi{r lfn hnjk ny,f{ pxk{nr* Jcxci bk Y{x{ , fmrekm {jbk y,fx lfn en b{y fi{lf3Fxk fjnlfm{m yrf c ynlnxk lfn fmrekm- ik lfn*** c en pfzjni{m mci{m{n-lfn rnn3&

Fi{l- jrklknkrcx{m lkxakf axhnr- m{jb ixxnmk rfnjnik pnkp,rn- y fo{ja ir lfn xkpkbk* Ikuf m lhcmbkf- m lpnjakf bk mfypfrk*** bcxnjf m{n- bcxnjf bk f jenf ik uz{yk*** ik rxkh{nkei{r*** kxf c jkxhbfxk enxkfyi j lkxy{m m{n7 jnin pfnn j{,nxljkf{ hnjk icjr{xfn j zpfb*** cfxk km zh{xf yf{ zpfbf mlpnjakf n kf y lkfxa lfn xkpkbk3&

Exkbcjf {cx {j ijrki bk,fm m{n- bk,fify bnj yfr- lfn yxkf{jccxn n- frnjajb ixkjanmk hxfznmcx- yi{r{xf zpfbf*** hf yk fpmk,if n ljanf c r{e bk l{idn yf{ uxk{j hxfb rnjkxkm*

Ikxh{m m {xlfyk {j rnlp- imrnjjb {jkcxn bnj ifp*** f jrxkhfxk3f bcofjf3 L{anyk ikuf- nfx ijb cl{m n ucxhn bkypxk pkrkx nipxncfx n n mk bb{ j axno- yk jrcfxyk lfnkyr{cy n pcxjn jbxr*

Hj{nfl k{ i l jkmkak&( zlhn Im{ax{m n pcxjn lfnbcpfxrk- y {xik pcuxjn{m*

L{jrk- cl n ikx- nfx pxnjrxk kn ukxbkmk rnjkxknn ukjnik n fmh{mNlfi{mfr fm zpkznn- i{xfr if zn{f bnjrn*** n pkyrk rcr n rcfrk-ycfxkmk n rxnlnrkf xfzkmk o{i{k y nyicbkfyi- jimznjb- rxkznjbmf unf bnj lcmkkfmf akx{m{n*

Chcynyk bk,f hnjkmkf ijb- b{p c uxklk- yk cpxn- ypxnonjnj,b{,yk j rcnfa- j eff pkrkxnn lkrkx{m{n f{xfx* Xy{em bk irkufcxn fbji- bcxnjb pfxi y fhycfxh rxnnmk- fpcn hr{ i{ rcnfa{m jyrjif bk bkfy{pxf {nn- ukyrnjb{,n ycynxkf* F{znjb ikuf lnifxkj ypfrkmk njrxxnn- znyk i{ amfy rfxk?

,_fmlctk y,n bkf yjrfrk- lkrkxk& Fjn jbkm{jafn n pxnunxk fakx- i l{mrk lnj{jnn lfn fn bk ei{r&,H{j ukjnxk- jrklknkrcx{mk& _fmlctk y,n bkf jkmkpin{jkypxk M{lnj& L{mr l h{i{x i fn ukjnr- bkn bxkpr y,naxnkyi rkfrkprfl bk nkxn* Lkrkx{m nknyk j eff pkrkxnn n,m pxnukf

zlhnjb*Hrxj bk fjn n axhcunr- fukf lc{m c {nrr{x fakx n nyic,

bnrcfxk pk ifxk rcilfn n,c jenpykyk hnjk j cidnn Im{ax{m{n-i{rjb xyp{jy{xn mf jrxkhxnmk yfmk rfnjnik*

Bfx j{ ayn bkir mnjnrk n h{i{xnk m{jrxni* Rcr fem{ k{(-ajbn drx{ n- njunrjb{,n cfypkrkmk j{jrx{- znyk?

, Pk l{jrkmk r{- uxklkf yr pk mci*** yf{ pcfrk lkxak bk,fnjbxrkmkf- i,ln pfxn pfxi lfn ujocy n i{ ikuf fjn yi{r{xfn***nmj ijb j{ jk,fl lfn uz{r&


18/50

Bfx j{ pxnln xyp{jy bkir {j zlhkr ifmb* Cpfnkmk m{lnjf{ex{lcy pkrkxf- mfunkmk fukf{ hmj{xn bk cfnk pk kmk- nfx pk pcmn,incfxkmk ik {lpmkf{ pkxknn bk o{x lpxko{x- yijrknf{ pnkrxk ekm{xnrk?lfn lfxn- lfn lnin- icm{xcfyk yf{ xcr{jonrk- y{h ecxl bk fik yf{jrx{idnpjb {j l{jrk lnrnrkm- rcfrk xkuxyjb{,n i{mcxnmk bnekxnrk npfxi ji ikuf*** ff- if c imb{x rfnjni* Kxf{ frr bk l{mrk nbk ex{lcfyk- bk j{ lfn rnfn mf ifxk y,n cpxkrn cidnn*

Im{ax{m mk lfn uz{yk- fpxcfpk pk rcfrk*** bcfx irkuf kxf{jcn*** bfx- if bk enkifxk bfr- pfxi lfn adnikf ikuf mf kmk7 ikufbnj pcukyrkf mcx yk bkym{kf fi{l- lfn imfx*** n,n pmikf y mkpxnukfyi n y,n fe{jbk pxnunxkf j mnlpkznlkf mcx- bnjicmc bklfxanjk*

, Rk {nn mf y{emkrkmk lkmk3 Iin- rnn r{- jrklknkrcx{mk- npnkrxkmk f{ y{emkr*** pcfrk {j y{emkr lfn fmrekm bkir jcn*** pcfrk lfnfpxcfpk bk pmfjrk- pcfrk*** cxni{l- y rnn i y{jr unn n ucxhkyi*

Lkrkx{m {nrfyk i,n lfn pcukyrnyk cfypkrkm{n bkypxk pnkrxk-ff i m{fyk nyrcxnynxkf bk mf jikp{r* Im{ax{m yk fkzfyk- j ikmkbnj {xl- pk c mfun n bk ficmc m {xlxkf- pxnunjb n ypxk pnkrxk-

i bcfx kxf{ pkyrk rcr* Ynlkf n{hnxkf cl{m{n pkjrx{ kmk n,m myy,n bkyifxik y{emkr{m*

, Ik m{ix{xn l{mrk pcukyrkyi pnkrxkmk- rnn3 Kmk y{jr lfn ukidnbkir jcn- cflkjnn*** ff i rn{*** rn{ l{mrk*** j fbji{xnmk pljr{m{n- kmk exkflr n ucxhkyi bkypxk jcn*** n y{ekx- yk xkucmr***{jkcxn yk i{rxkl{x*

Pnkrxkmcx j{ mk pmfik {xf- lnjin{jf yf{ miclnf*** fyrf mk bny,rx{ak- iin kmk*** rnn r{- Im{axk- kmk yk okxrekyi pkjrx{ jcn*** pfxifx xyi{lpxf bnj unjnmk jcfyrxk*** n,fr{jin yk yexl*** yk ye,xl pj yk efi p{mhkxk* [jkcxn n lfn pkbkpykyi pk {jnn cflkjn-ff i{l l,f{ rxjrnr n pk lnjk ocy- fr{jin ijb j,fukfl bkyr{m

njnl y mk jkmka*Bfx bfi ucxhkrn i{ kf- i{ bxfa*** c ljan n,c mfn y,ncprkfyi pcukyrkf kn*** fpcn pnfrxf yk mfy lcfmk n,n yp{jk kfynja{x i{l rxkh{nk y,c ecxlkzn- y,c i{xkn- y,c mke{nkrn- if y enkex{lcfy*** kn- pnkrxkmk lkmk&

Lc{m ucxhkf jikr- i{ b{ncnk- pmnlhjb{,yk jikr pxnj effpcmnincfxkmcx n ljanjb ijb {jf- ijb fmrf bnjrxk pcbcfhkmkl{jrkm{n* Fikyrkf n yijrknf{ uxe{xnmk j m{lnjf cpfnkmcx- xy,

p{jzjb pfxi7 {j bfjy fm i{mcxnmcx n fn cxlkncx- nfx fk rk {jfn lfnjrkjr- ukbkfn i,n ff i{l znikf lkrkx{m? kxf{ jnrk emcxn*** emcxn fmkpljr{m{n*** ixnyrfmk yrxukidn ik,n bkyidnbkf{ pkrfmkmk jrx,cfmir{nxk bk hfyl*

, Ukzn r{- jrklknkrcx{mk- ik lnj{jnn fyi{jb l{jnn jcrxn jfbjinln3 n ji ik pxnukrn fi{l- k p{nj*** if c yijrkncfx pkmja c pmmfnk bk eci*** bfx j{jrx{ , n fxr i{ ljf ichcx{mrfnjni ik pcxjkf bnj icrmcj{m ikm lfn bkpxrfr fm pkrkxnn , bkprx{jzn i{ bxfacyrk n xcan B{d{m l{jrkm{n y rk jab{nk n y,nfxfrk*** kn- pcfrk fl y rk nf{ cbfr- ijb uxklkf j{ jk,c axhnff- if y ukzn j rndj emcfxkf pljr{m{n- fn y rk jrxkhn {jbk klfn lfxk ex{l{ykkf? y{y- y{h ikx{m mnhkx- jrx,c pcnfj jemcxnr-yf{ fnin- j rfnjf fbji{m{n bk l{jrk- j axbnjf unk f pnkrxkn*** iink unk- n ucxhkrn n n xyp{jbk j mnixnxn bk m{lnj*** kn- k c pcukyrkfbkuxfr- nfx k{ rxnkyi j kf*** pkjrx{ kf*

n m{jb {jf bnj lnj{jnnmk bk pk pcmnincfx- lkrkx{m m rxfykpk Im{ax j bxkpr{m {jkn ekrnmk n- xnbnijb pnfrxf j m{lnj- ucxhn?

, Pxnukrk*** ik bxkprk mk y{jr ekkmk*** ik jkrkbk- if jnrk

ecxlk bk adkf fmir{nrk i{ lfxk lnkyrxnk* Dfn fi{l fefx- ylfn pxnjbkl xfzkmk bk ycfxk&n- rxajb{,m fefx bnj pkrkx- m b{yk lfn jrx,c pfxrk- jrx,c

lni pcnkjn n- njjb ixnyrfm{m jrxk bkakrk- m pcrxnun fyrekm if ypxnlkfyi i{ rcr{m xfzf bk ycfxk ik yrf y yk fyi{jb b{p i{m,lkf jukinjfr*

, mf pxnukrk fi{l- ik efik emcfxkf lkf*** {nrk ik lnj{jnn ykub j ypfrk- pk zpfb*** ukzn3 Bnj m{lnjf ycfxkm{n- yicfrk kffprk i{mcxn lnkyrxk- mf pmnlh,c n r{ p{nj&

Im{ax{m m{ n km ixnyrfm{m jrx,c lj n,n ynln imb{xf- m lj,ank {cx- fpcn m fkz n km j ekm n idnp j ifmkf m{lnjnn- eijb rcrekm{m bk pkrk n b{jan icmcxfrk- jrx,c cxbnjk fxlcjncfy- fikkfnlkxk{*

_lhn n,n bb{ ixnyrfm{m lkrkx{m{n- ifxk bkof m rxakf jfpcn-ypxk m{lkf m{n bnj pkrkx*

,R{- ifxk i{jcrn yrkmkmk n uxklkmjninf cl{m{n- jrklknkrcx{mk-rnn i{luf i{l fpfx fikyrk emcxn bk pnfrx3 Kn- rnn3 rnn i{l yk jfyiixnyrfmkmk3 Yk hafyk rcr j y{emkr{m Im{ax{m{n- nfx fpcn- b{p ikuz{ i j{ pxnlkrk xyp{jy- zlhn l{m{lnr n jab{nrcx*


19/50

, kzn hnjk- icmkf pk mfun n n,cn yp{jk k{* J,fn y ixkzn-pcfrk*** bfx k{ rn{- ln,f{ yp{y,c kmk- mf ikfy bk rfnj* Kn hnjk- ikixkzn3 n kmk fpfx- mf jikp{r- bnjrx,c ylj*** ff- if {j hch bkjnynp- pcfrk lfn lni*** n bnj kf ixkyi- if n emcxnmk*** if n icpnnn-bnjrx,{j akxlkjk bk unf*

n injk mk yp{jk cfxk- i{l y ixkfyi- i{l y yk fmir{nfyibk y{jr ff pkxekirk- i{l cl{m j{ pcfrk efik3 Ukzn r{- enkifxk k j

ekm{m kn*** j i{mcfxkf kn- j h{idkrk lfn lfxn yf{ lfn lnin- i{ fkkpkrfmk yf{ i{ pfrx{ , jnin {jf fmrekm&n mf ekm i{l bnj yljf bk icpnm ixkrk n yk xnbni {j cl- i{

rcfr m{lkf m{n bnj njrkxncx- i{ rfmkjrkmk n lkrkdjkmk m{n*** rcr mf ekmixkrk n emcfxkf l{jrkm{n- j uxklk lfn jbkm{jafr7 fxk n kfrfnjkmk kn hnjk fyi{jyk n mkanmk kn bk ixkrkxk- bk ifxk j{ yk mfy-n j{ mk yp{jk cxni{n*** jnin k{ j{ rn{ pxkf l{mrk* Rfnjf Ikx{m{n n fPljr{m{n&

Imrnjjb ajbnrcx bnj ifp- lkrkx{m lfn pxnun c bfr ixnyrfm{m ikji m njkf j lj- cer n yk b{yk bk,m p{yk jfpcn mf mci{m m{n- pkpcmnincfx*

, Injk uf rn y mk fyi{mrk amfy{m- uf femf l{mrk bkypxk nyrcxnf

m{lnn n bkypxk cflkjn*Lfn yrr{ ff irkuf imnpk- i{ pxnunxkf b{y {jbkuf- j fbj,

i{xn- fpcn yk,jrcfxyk hx{yi irxk Im{ax n i{ c ucik adnb{-bkcbfr m jrxkh?

, Kn- bfx nf yp{jk,ln ik ukyrk,pcukyrk rk fb{ik mf lnjk3 Iinj{ pkjrx{ ucxhkmk lkmk fn ukjnr*** rn{ i fn c rxkfh bk ei{r*** flunyfr i unn*** bfx j,fl bkym{nr ik ekm bk rxkfh fn idnfx i{ lnjk*Fn3 mf zn,ln&

Yk fkz pk mfunf bnj eff m{n- yk ypxnonjn i{ icfrkmk pk lfyn,n jenpyk nfx yakfrf {nrr{xnn- ikxikrjb{,m* Im{ax{m m pxnunyki{ bxfa- fyi{mrb{,m n jkmkajb{,m idnfx lfn hnjk bkir ixkbkf

lkrkx{m*** n,fx en p{r{r yp{jk n km irk ikuf bkypxk pnkrxk- bfxfi{l j{ kxf uxklkf ucxhkn*,Lkrkxk- fl jkucnk bk c yfhnk bk f{x- i{ m{ixr{x lnfyrx-i{l j{lfn lnjnmk rfmk c pcr efik&,Jnlni bkcykhnr- pj,fi{l- zn,n lfn bkpfxrk&,Ik,n ucn yp{jk k c lfxk rfnj , j{lfn y{emkr{m r{ n fml{jrkm{n y,c rnk* Yfhnf rxkh{nk y fnh ecxlf ix{inn- nfx pkljkx

20

?7j fnh jix{yrfrk rxkn pnkrxk jkyrklfrk bnekxnrk? {jf xcnk- {jf fmhmf lnomci n fpcn {jf ukxbk- rxkn pnkrxk lfxn n cufmk* Frr pcr y,nyp{j? i k {j lfxk bfx n y l nkxn bk j,cn p{rkf znik lfn l{mrk-j{ bnj jixkbkxk p{nj- bfx j{lfn frr k jab{nr*** jnin k{ j{ mkrn{ pk rcfrk ik,cx en&

B{p ik nkn bnj jixklkjnxkf ik,m i{pxnjyk mf f{z{m ucxhkmcx-lkrkx{m jikp{ f yk fanrf*** fmkxaf bk icmc,icmc pxnj pkrkx-

ucxhkf bk {j{m ynja{x- frnjakf irk c pnfrx- m{f fmrf- c myf n nfxfmkxaf- n exki ifp{m n ff pmk{u- bk pfxi {xlf y yicfr ikufbnj km*

Yk {nrf mf Im{ax{m- ik xlykyk ifml n mnjnrnr- pxnunjb{,m {cxfl{zfr- fpcn nfx c pcxjkf- hf ypxk c pcmn- hf ypxk ichcx{m bnjfbji- jrx,{j rxzn{- chcynr pcfrk- lkrkx{m yk fkz nfx pk mfun*Kxf rfxk r{mh{xfr7 fhnf bk p{r{ znik?

, Rk,cn cyprf i{ {j pcifm bk fp bk nzucx n,{j efa{xk bklnkxk* Frkfpr y l b{lnxkyi*** y l mnjnrkyi*** i j{ rnn ike{xr{j fn pcxjnr j lnjk* Fn xhbfxk- xca{,rk&

Yk xnbni n- b{p ik,n p{yk bk bnjfnjrk ikmk pxclnyk- jikp{nfx #hfrkxkf n fmkxar{xf bk icmc,icmc*** lfn nkn pk fefx- bk,ne{ rcfxj Im{ax{m{n y j{ ifb nfxn bk frrf fanrfnk* Bfxlkrkx{m yk jrcfxyk- pmnj bk zpfb- bfx mnjnrnr* Kn- jkf{f fyrfl{mrk lnj{jn efik(- ajbn im{ax{m n frkpr if ikmmfmr yucxhkfyi*

, jrklknkrcx{mk- yfhnf bk ifxk ucxhkrn k uny{m unknn lkmk*Pkjrx{ kf fl ukjnr fnin- j l{jrk* Fl unyfr,c pk ijb kxfl rjx{ikjni mf {j f{xfx*** lfxk lkrkx- l{mrk l,f jufr7 fl unyfr,c nfl rn{r i rxkh{nk y,c efi* Bfi,fn rnn bk irk cxn l,fl fp{ifr- bfxbk enkifxk bfr l pcrnijkfl? j,fukfl ik,ln rxkh{nf- cxn j{,lnnkkf n pfik* Lkxk{ kxf ikuf ik l,lpnkbnif* Fi{l jkmka ij{,n ukjnyk uxklkf* Bkin- bfi r{ fn ukjnr y,ln yp{n bk kf-

jykflj i rnlp{m f ycynr- nfx k{ rxkh{nk y,c efi* rn{ i{l fxfr-jrklknkrcx{mk- fl uz{r,c hnjk- j{ rk rklk*

Jnin fi{l j,fl i{ ik,c e{xn*** j,fl pnkrxkmk- bfx bfi k uxk,lkf kn- fpcn rcfrk y,cx xjb{n jrcilfn n ucx fpfxk jrx,{j ekm* Fly xca l{jrkmk y l,fo{rk& B{,rk mnjnrnr& Ijb ucn en afrf- unj k{ mf$njk& Lkxan j pfik&

, L{m{lkyi pkjrx{ cyprfxk n ucxhk h{jk& _fmlctk y rkjpkxk& rn{ i,fn y,c efin& Rk frkpr- pxnkrkjk&


20/50

Lkrkx{m fpxcfpk i,m lpnjakf pk Im{ax fefx bnj pkrkx***pkykljk i yk axhkf y njrxk lfn xkpkbk j lpxnf bnj fbj,i{xn- bfx- ijb nknx fefx- uz{ i ycfxkmk yk fyi{jykyk bkof- nfxzn{f kxf pk yexnrk*

,Im{axk- nfxr,l- rk xca- dfn jfpcn n xln pkyrk jcfprkmf lnjk* K rxzn{ n pcrkif,n fhx{pr*** pj mf rnjk k ifmkm{ja*

,n l{m{lkyi- bfx l,cn b{ik& L,frkfpr fify c ipxncfxi{ pnincx{{m exjr* n,fpcn- l,c m{lnjf m{jf n l,c pzn l{jrkmkbkikuf izr{xn* J{ rk rklk pkjrx{ lnjk- i j{,y ynja{x* K rcrIkx{m-hxfznn n pljr{m i{ lnjk* Xln j pfik&n jikp{ y ichcfxk ypxnjrkj- bk znikfn i lkxak pk,c ilpnk*

Lkrkx{m m pxnun {j rnlp i{l yk jbkpxrkfz- fpcn e{an xkpkbk jpkrkx*

FRKPRFXK

Yk fpxcpnf pxnlufxf* _pfbf jikp{yk f yk rcpn n yk jbxkprfypxk jikp{r{xn- njrxjb i{lnjrk j pljr- j ixpr{xn bk yrji-dxjnjb xbinjn rnjkxk yf{ bkof ixkyi{rk j uxklk7 nfx {jkcxn ykfhfjbcjf {jbkmcx uncfnk fmk pxnfkmcx ik pcxjnykx- k bxkpr- iflrnlnb- y fmkxak ypxk ufmk*

L{jrkmk yk rxkzkf bnj yclj{m nkxjnn- if Y{x{ {xy{m* Rcr{m pcxjkfmf unf? adnciknn n xnbnif{ ipcfxkmk- yenbjb zpfbf ik ji lfnzhcukf pk fmci{xn- enxkmk bk nfxh n lpnjakf{ uxe{xnmk ypxkfefx- xfl{xnmk bk hxfb pxnjykx f fukf p{jirncfxk bk {j ukxbkrjx- ipcx bk l{a{xk7 pyxnmk rnlp{xnn jikp{ykx f yk jrcfx,ik- nfx ikmk ik jex{jrfykx nfxjf- xljjb pk mci- fi{l bkyna{xnyrcxnykf{ nypxun*** ir kxf zn{f bk m{ja mn yk f{zkf inxnpnr{m*

Pkyrk rcfr fikfyr fpfxkjr dxlmfnk ukykm- ycfxkmk bcl,jkf rxn{lercx* Bfx ji kxf zn{f lfn yi{xr bkir jcfprkf- nfx exna{mlfn pni irkcbfr*

Im{ax{m yrrkf pk yi{jkm{m m{n n pxnukf*** pxnukf dxjnjb{,ny{emkr{m*** n j{ yk lfn yr{xf* Ynlkf j rcfr ennjf m{n rxkznxkfikfyrf jufmjni f enxnn- ifxk,m lhcmbkf n pk km- bjb{,n p{rkxn jk,hj{nrk* Lfn bk{jzn bkxkrnifyk pxnj rcfr pkrkxf- yi{r{xjb pxfe{mncxjnn- yidnlhjb ekrnmkmk- b{ijb icocfikmk mf pxnlkjkfmf ycfxkm{n*Hf idnfx n p{ykyk jrx,{j {mincx irkuf ixkja{k bk hxfb- ik mkaynyk pxnj pb{xk exjrk bk ujr{m jcpnn7 m{fyk n jnrk adncikn-

{f*** i{ pljr n xbinjn*** n,n l{rfyk mf mci pcrxnunr- idnfx mfNjrxfxkf j pkrkx* Ik lfn- n lpcbchnyk n km ifyf- if yrkjnn mfukjnxkf pxnlukxnn- n pxkarn n yrxfnkmk pkjrx{ bx{l{m m{ja ik,mfukf bk ei{r- if j enkifxk fj* Lkxakf mf jrmjnxkf bk pk L{jrkmkYejr*** {jbk jrklknkrcxnn yk yrxjakf{ mf yxhrcfxkf jjcnxnn enxnn-pxnmko bk x{a n h{i{xnk*

Fi{l- yrrkf n yk cbndjkf j xfzkmk imb{k fmk ycfxkm{n***idnfx fnpn cmkfi* Jcfprkf ik rxki{yk yrr{yk rxkfz- bk ukadk mfiprn{m icpnmfjbx{m{n- pk ifxk bcn pxnjn jb{xkxfn n,m fb{ykykxpk,jykxfr- jukmnr jrx,c pr{x*

Bcfx zkik pxnlukxn fp{ifyk hnfr{m n fi{l- bkcbfr*** yk m,

yfyk lcfmk- ex axfn n njrxfyk jrx,c yrfxk ik pxkf f en yclj7 xky,

pnxfnf fhnf yk lfn ynlkf- nfx mf idklxnmk jaxnocxfrk fmk pxnjnmcxj{ lfn xyp{jbkf* Ikn bnj yfr f{ jikxifr y,n bkf bk mkfi- bfx j{f{ xk{nr* n,fr{jin pxnjnn m{fx icpnm{m jrx,c pr{x- m {xifx pkypnjfxk n ff- i{ mfixnln n b{xkxk- fo{jykx y{y pk l{jrk- mf pk,rkx* Jnin j{ rnf{ i{l7 bfx fnin mk kxf {mrnlf ypkxfj*

Im{ax{m pxnunyk hnfr{m m{ja- m ljank pk ipcx fpcn- xnbn,ijb{,yk n {nrjb{,yk ypxk pxnjn- jrxkh?

, Ik ucxhk i{ y{pxfxk fn ymchcznr n i{ injk3Pxnjrxk y{ypnjk- eklknf jikp{ f yp{jk bk ikuf cflkjn bnj

yfr- i{ ifxk fu{ykykx {jkmk bk lpxnr n j{ yk jkmkykykx pxkfhnjk7 fiknf znykykx jnrk ucxhk axkmk*** n ucxhkmk m,f{ fo{jy pk

hnkr* Bf ik unj fxk km- i,n ji px{ji n jkunjcufr7 y y{ekxnljcn- bf km y rxnfyi&(

Hxhfr{m yrf bcfx i{ pxnunxnmk j ocy- jkznijb jnlni- linjj,b{,n pfxi b{xkxkf*

Bjb bnj ifp f bcofjf- Im{ax{m pcxjn f znik i{ rxnyrkk?, Cflkjn lfxn ik y{jrkn& J,fukn lnjrk jnin ir {j hchci* X{m

bnj ucxhk j,fx p{rkf en- bk j,fx zikf jrn j cl* Ficmc,n e7n=7=:

F!]


21/50

ukfi{m- znyk- fxrjb ypxk ikn bcn- n bk ficmc n yicfrk icmnn* n,nl{i bkykcxn pk ikn lfn jkunjcufn- lfn exfakzn*** lfn i{xfn* Ibk u,fx fp{if pk ucn- jnin j,fn haf bk ykfl7 ff- y{ekxnn pkjrx{px{ji*** pcfrk ukn jkmkak ikuf* Pfxi uc{ u,fl zny jnrk m{ix{xn-

fi{l inuf fjn j {xl- pk ijb u yebnxn nfx i{ jnrk lkankn-nfx cl{m r{ n x{pykyk pnincx{m- j{,n ff- eklknk3& J,fn jkmkyjnlni n {nrk {jbk fn fo{jy* Fi{l- j{,n ff bk {cx*** n bk j,cnefik jrcilfn i{l ucn yp{jk*** j{ rn{- z{- ik,c en i{ icpnm{m&

,mfxr,jk- jrklknkrcx{mk- n fo{r,m pk yrf lni& Cl efik jrcilfn&,Ikx{m n cflkjnn rxkh{nk y u nkxrk- ff i efikn hnjk nb{ikn,u jfpcn j yfr- fi{l- pk jr{jkxni* Y u x{afn rcr bx{l{mpkjrx{ hnkr n pkjrx{ y{emkrkmk ucfyrxk- y u,fo{rk _fmlctk n y um{lnjkzk* Efikn fpcn hnjk bk u lpifn i{ rcr yfr{m- n i{ ikmukinj- myfn h{i{xnk pk {jbk fn y{pxfr*** x{afn,u bk nkxrfxk pkjrx{ ikmk ei{rk yf{ jkei{rk- bfx ajbnrk , i{ lni- i{ lfxk y ulpifn*** y enn if exfnn h{jn n y j{ lfn myfn if ajb{m n ucxhfxkf y yk cpmckfyi pxnjrxk ucn*Pk hnkr myfn,m fnin*

C ukjn ynja{x jfpcn- ijb rcfrk cx en h{jk pk mf ucn* Fi{l- b{ikn,u&n- myjb{,n i{ ajb{xnmk mcx- yk fpmki pkyrk hnfr* Cxkmk

jcpnn mk,f pkrxki{r j ukadk ri{r mf ifp{m m{n* Cpfn{m fxbkf jrx,{jicm- fx{jijb c m{lnj ifmb n pmi{r lnxcynrcfxk*** Im{ax{m- i{lnjnmk xnbnifrk ypxk ikx- kxf if c yrfr{nk f x{ann pkjrx{ unf7 bnjijb j ijb- ichcxf lnjnmk n mk rxkikf jikr bkfy{pxf hnfr{m{n-bk mf ifp ypxk pnincfxk- pfxi ljanjb{,m pk jkfrnjyk- jrx,{j rx,zn{- n p{yk fljbc{ pfmlkmk pk ifp{m icpnm{m{n n yrr{ ff- i{ipcx{m jrxk lnjn- c uxklk*** j{ rnf ir- bcfx i pxnj ixpr{xnmkbk mf njrxfxk jikp{ykx f njrxf zcxnn* Chxfonn hnfr{m{n pxnjykykx

p{nj xckf- nfx xkypnxfnf {cfx jikp{yk f fxrf {j yclj mnjn,rnrcx n fbji* Fhnf fr{jin Im{ax{m yk xnbni n nkn y jrlpnjkycfxkmk- if,j enkifxk jikp{r bk zn* Pxnlkmk xfzk fmkxaf{ bkof pkhcmr- ukyrnjb{,n nunxkf jkjrxznfr n lpnjajb i{ yrxjnink bk cpfxrk um{xnmk jr{jkxni{m{n*

I{ eff ypxk fyrx{m m{lnjnn n,fm imb{xnn unknn- l{m{ln Ikx{m{n pkjrx{ hnfr-fpcn yk fkz pk yi{jkm- ypxnonjnr bk yrji- j hrfnf ycfxkm{n- y ykcbndjkfyi*

Ijb yk rxkzn- ycfxkmk ei{yk ikuf bx{l pk hcmr- nfx j eff m{n-pxnunjb{,m i{xncy- yrf {j hnkrfj jrx,c ilk{ m{ja- ik yk nukfy{h hmfjf rxfy pk {lkxn* Fukf px{m in{e{mnr n cidnn lfxn7 uzjb{,mIyk rxkzkrk- pxnjyk f jrxkhf?

,_n{f h{j- Lc{mk- bf lfrf injk krn3,H{j y,n enk njnlf n i{xfr y{emkr{m- ucnjnik& Ifxk uf y zniucnkrn f rn injk y{jr- j xkyr rcr{m k imfx- j{,n ff3,Hf fxlfn en bk jrxkhfr- bf*** injk krn- bk j{ rk i{jcyi*** i

lnk rcr rnlp{m ln pmfik y l {nr mf cflkjnn ik rxki pk bx{l npklfrf j{ rk,fl uz{r&,Fpcn- bxfa{m lc{m{n*** lfn lfxk lnxfxkf mf fjnn rn y j{ l

i{jcrn*** bf rnn3 k{ j{,y bk pk,finmkf*,Fpcn ff zn- bk,fnf j{ rk,fl lfn uz{r&,Bf ff hnjk n rnn pk rcn3,Ff- i n ll{if l lfn jrxkfh bk irk injkuf- yf{ bkuxk{j icpnm fm i{n n* n k{ n zni* Fn lkn yp{j i fl ikuf njkxkbklnjrk(*,Ln- bf nyrk lfn krn- emi{mk* Bfx j{ ln,fn yp{y i{l rkidkfl n in fjn fn3,L idkfl Icylnj n fl zkik fjn- znyk ljbx{ hnfr{m-xnbnijb{,yk {j pni pk uxe{xn* Bf pk lfrf i{l rk idkfl3,Pn lnk zn,ln Lc{- ff i{l fn fp{ifr*** Lc{ bk nf l{jrk*Jcxci i j{ l,fn jrxkhfr in fjn fl- i j{ mk lfn rn{j{lx{m*,Fpcn- yk n ukbk*** fn px{m jnjy bk,fi{lf*, Bf- y{jr ukidn bk ijb m{lkf- znyk Im{ax{m n yk pclkjn

{j pni okjfr n bcxnjb f yk pxnun j {jbf fmhnkn- y ufb? idnfx fffxrf bk hrxj3& Bcfx fhnf rxki{yk pxfa{m f pfrx{zkin n injin bkpxnlukxn* Ik,n bxkpr- px{m jikp{yk f n yk fmhn bk rnlp{xn{* Kn-jyrf,n fi{l* Pfxi f en l{nkxk&( Bfx rcr n jkrkzn {cx pmkrkmk-bcxnjb f yk pxkzkjrf lfn hnjk j cidnn icpnm{m{n* Fikyrf j{,m lfnpxnukf- in,n pcukyrkf jnyifnuf nypxun i{ pxnkrkjnn m{n bkocfi*** ucxhkf- xbkf ixnyrfmnj- hf yk xnbnif y,fxfrk ikuf- nfx yk fkzf*** kxf#amchn{ n pmnj bk unf- nfx Im{ax{m- pxnunjb{,m i{ bxfa- lfn l{m{lnc bfr Ikx{m{n pkjrx{ fo{rcx*

n- pk ijb ucxhkf{ kn ff- pxnkrkjkrk- bnjrx,c mfr{x fpx{rnnirnicy Y{x{- i{ c ixkja{ {cx jukxznr j hcr* Icpnm{m j{,m uz{bcir ijb {xy{m e{ bkof mja km- fr{jin bb{ {j npr n yk jrcfxykn e{a* Im{ax{m jrnjyk hxf{m rxajb{,m i{ hmjbkk mf km*


22/50

, Pn- ln ucnjni{mk- ff rk ypkxnn r{ bk {cx3 J{ ukzn i,n {j{xy hmjb ifxk n,f fb{y j bfx c ixkja{ jc{ bk zlk{x3& J,fxkji e x{irk- bfx km j{ rnk i cl{m j{ ljji ex{jzk n myrfxkrnjkxk* Km n b ik,n pmfik m{n& mf {nr,rk mf lnjk n e mf ekm&

n- i{ ljf ikfmfmr- jikp{ f ljanf {xy{m pk ifp- pk ex{jrk-pk b{p {xkidn n fikyrf jikp{ y lcxlnk bk pmikxk- rcmjnj,b{,yk i{lnjrk mf pnincfxkmk mcx7 hf idnfx yk ymr bk,n p{yk hcr{m pkcpnjif pxnkrkj{m{n* Rnlnb jrn n i{ exni- hnfr{m jrnjyk c lj nfrnjyk hmfjf fjnlfm{m{n fpcn- ijb uz{ i j{ pkrk jnlni- pxnjyki{xfo n jikp{ f,m ljanf lfn jbkm{ja* Ik lfn- b{p uxk{jprxfx bk ikfy- icpnm{m yrf imfxk pk ypfrkmk {xy{m{n n,m yixpnjf pk{jbk fp{if- nfx fjnlfm{m yk jrnjbkf mkjk- lfn ikxjb ji- xnbnijbijb c mfh- ijb pk ikmkmfmrk- rcmjnjb{,yk l{m{lnr*

Im{ax{m yk fl{z {j rnlp pxnunjb{,n fpcn- flnjrnjb{,n i j{ei{yk hfnf bk bnlnjkf- pcxjn i{ ikn bcn- fi{l pxnkrkjn- ypxk nzucx*Y,f{ yrxcpnr- y,f{ i{xnr j fpf i{xfr n mnlpkbk- fpcn f{ rxfy cacfj- i{ {xy{m b{p kn- pxnj pb{xk- y yfm{rk hxfznn*

, Fl y,n pcukyrkyi k{ l{mrk bkypxk kn- en{mk- bfx fi{ lj,

ank,n xkpkbk n dfn e{a{f bk,cl ljif ikuf- i,n en emljb&Pxkarn {j cyp pk injyrk j eff pkrkxnn- mf ycfxk- i{ lnkxk npnjk ifmb fb{y bk inuf inchfjn ik rxki{ykx pk ijb bcxlkf-n n,c p{ykykx pk lfy* n lfn myfykx mfprk bk ifpx n hxjzbk mf cnmk r{xlkn- ff i fu{x bnj hkm{a7 Y{x{ j{ pcern bkir mfefa{xnn f{xnn n j ikmk bnj {xl*** fp{i n {j icbx{ bk pnjk*

_n{f rxki{ pk jkynlnrk i{ ucxh- xy n ukykmnk* B{p {j rnlp-{xy{m pmki- bjb bnj ifp f l{m{lnxk- nfx kn- hxhfr n icpnm- ykfkzfx mf yefr- pcukyrnjb bkypxk l{mrk? bkypxk hxfzn- bk ekm{m i{lucxhkyi kn- i{l y{ekx pkjrx{ b{xkxnmk cflkjnmcx n jkjkmkakxnmk mcx*

m,f ucxhnr bkypxk i{xfo{m n rxnf adncikm{m{n ifxk- anjaf i{l k-

junjak zpfbf- n,f fxrfr {j ajbikm ik yk bkzlcxnyk n pcxjkfmf rxkfh*** n,f ucxhnr bkypxk rxn{le{m unknn n fm hnjkm{n*L{mrk f{ ucxhnr- bfx j y{emkr{m Im{ax{m{n kxf c jkb{lkxnxk?

Bk ik icpnm{m j{ jrxkhf jnlni bk pxnjnn yn3( Ff i ykfxf- b{pik rcfrk kxf{ mf mci{m mcx- m nyicbn pk hnfr?

, Bfx- nf yp{jk,ln- Icylnjk- i k{ j{ pxkf fl jkmky- i{l fnfo{jy r{- ln- rflfj fnin mf lnjk j uxe bk l{jrk3& n {jbk,y fn rn3Y,cx en jaxnocxjb- ik znin3&

Lc{mk- j{ rn{ pxkf hnjk i{l fl fo{jy7 rn{ bcfx i l,fi*{pxnjy c enkxhnjkfm lfxk- fpcn c flkkfm- bk j{,ln p{rkfl njkifp{m bxkpr n ixkb*** i,fl iz{r*** n,fl f{znr pk fn lkn znijb ikufrnq uxfin* Fl ixkz{r i l b{i mf uxfin{m yfr{m{n- bfx*** j{ lfn rn{jnlni* R{ krn uxfin- Lc{mk3

, Pn- rn{ n k{ ik y zni*** ixkb i y{jr {j fmrekm bk uxfin* K{l xca if M{lnjf bnj Ikx y,n unjbkik pk cflkjn bk xkmkmk bnjm{jrx{m mcx7 j{ efi k{ lfn jnlni* Mk lfn bf{ ikuf nkxh{xn bk pk,fniny,n fo{rk*** bfx fyrf nkxh{xnmk c efi* n rcr{m fo{r- bfi cl{m n pcxjnr ypxk hnjk& mf yp{jk,ln ikuf bk pxnjnn rn , bfx- chykxujb rxnyrkkf ik yk myfyk pk cidnn icpnm{m{n- yidnlh n{rk ucxhf , bkyna{xi,y cflkjn bk rxkfh n rk frkfpr& Yp{jk,ln fmrikuf- n pmfikfnin- mf l{jrk3

Idnp{m icpnm{m{n yk,jykjnj n znyk bkcbfr?,Pmfik& I bcfx yfr{m jcyr k pk l{jrk- lfn jicmc*** ixkb& Bfxfnin- k fmr{jbkuf*** k lfn y{y*** lfn fpxcfpk bk Ikx*,Fn bxkprfrk- fnin k lfn fpxcfpk bk Ikx* Fn uxkf y yrfn i{lnjk- iruf rnlp3

,Uxkf{* Y l oci i{ {xy{m- i{ hxfznn*,Fn y,jukn y rk ocin n i{ fmrk fjnlfmk- bk uxkn*** n i{ yrkmkmk&,I{ yrkmkmk3 B,fpcn i{l3,Dfn- unjc mja lnjk*Yrjb {j{m mja fmr{m- pk pnfrx- jukmnn j hmfj- i{ pxnunxnmk

fafrk bk Ikx- {xlxkf{ kn lkxy{m mni{xninmcx yrkmfxn* n Im{ax{mn fxrf hf jrx,c pfxrk f hcnrkn- hf j fmrf- bkyinexjb{,n ena{xn n j,rlpmxn- pcukyrnjb{,n bkypxk yrkmk n lkyfo{m mcx bk bxfacyrk pkj,rx{ cflkjn* I{l bx{nkyi kmk- enkifxk j ekm{m kn- c xfz bnj y{emkr{mmcx pkjrx{ enkifxk unf- mf jikp{r{xnmk kn* n yk ucxhkyi {jf i{ fmrf-jmj{njb{,yk jrx,{j idnp bkcykhnr- pkjrx{ enkifxk cl j pfxrk- if

y,m fo{rk pk ifmkf bkyrnj{m{n m{n- y lkfxa bxkpr ypxk Ycfxk*,rnn r{- Icylnjk- y{jr {jkmk yrkmk ifxk f{ ff*** if c uxa{&Bk xrikrn ifmkf n rk fp{in bk jnyifnuf jzbxujnn- bk ifminMkakf-cbfr rk frnja*** if y hfan bk ykfl& Mf jikp{r {{xkm-fpcn***,n rr{if*** pcxjn f znik hnfr{m- fpcn yk cpxn x{njfr*, Kn mfy- i j,c lfn en ik,,f ecyr& Fi{l krn if jc{& , m ljank

Im{ax{m- fmnjjb b{xkxnmk flnjrnxnn* Ukzn r{ yrkf{f fikkf- ik yrxm{ikrk pfxi ypxk rnjk***


23/50

,Ifxk- lc{mk3 Ikf bk yr frxjfr bk uxe{m l{jrkm{n bnjzfxk3,Fikmf j{,n l{jrk- Icylnjk- fikmf,n {j jcx* K bxkpr- i y{jrimnpk j ifxk rcfrk,y lpxk{j*** Bxfa{m lc{m{n- {nrk- fikkf ifxk,nlfn yrxm{inrcfxk- p{nj lfn ypxk hxmca{m {xy{m{n* C ukzn3&,Ik j{ znin ff& Pn fikkf pfxi,n ikf lfn lfxk n lfn efnj*,Rcfrk,y lnj{jnn- bfx fikkf k M{lnjrcx{m bk ykfx(* Bk jkrxkznl mf uxklk- cl ukbkf n M{lnjrcx{m bnlnjknn(* [jf,n znik?

K rnlp{m bk i{mifxk* Y,n enk yclj{m mnj n cbndjnrcx(- nfx ikfmfmr?Dfn- rxkzkrk,rk- cl{mk& jikpk c jc{ zn& Y fn pfxrk bkhnjk&(,Fbni- kf k c yrkf h{j- j{ bnj ikmk i{ uxa{f***,Bxfa{m rfrkn $n Im{ax{m ynln ecnfmf h{i{xcfy f icpnm{m{n-mja km.- rcfrk y{jr h{jk- j{lfn bk cl bkpnjbk i{l mk jkmkak*,I{l fbni3,Pn- nf {nr,rk frkjr mf yrkf{f fikkf- ik yr j ifp{m bx{l{m{nbk mf ikmkmfmrk bc{- mk ukzn3 Kn- nf {nr,rk*** bfx ff- i{ bxfacyrk***kn- ik ynln3,Lc{mk- ixkzn i yrkmkmk ucxhkyi3,R{ ik ixkzn3

,Pn- ln pfxk i,ln znik i n,y bxfa* Ixkzn i pcfrk en h{j{flkf- ik y,f pxpbnr fi{ inuf fjn3,J{,n h{j{f rf- bxfa{mk- kf y,f b{y mf mci{m kn- mja iknmfmnbnj jkfl- pk mja _fmlctk* Bfx y rnn- ff i{l n n{hkyi lflkmk icpnnn n yrxh{jnn jkpcnn- hf idnfx lfn ikuf- jk n{hkrk rcfr enxkfpk jcn- cflkjnn*,Ixkzn i l n{hkyi n pk lnjk3,Lfn fmky& I krn ji ix{b n j,fn fp{ifr f efik xkmk*,Hf- fl x{pr ikuf ixin bnjrx,{j icpfi j ifxk l,fl y{nr n** *fl iz{r&,Pn ukzn- rk,f ikxrfr efmjni{m j ekm{m m{n- bfx ff,n i j,fn pnrlfnjnlni bnj izr{x3

,Ff,n& Bcfx l,c b{x{r- {nrk,fnin*** n hnfr{m n fxr {lx{m*,Rk,f yichcxr n rk,f b{y i{ xfl{m pj ocy* Pn ukzn- ik axnoffu{r bk rnjk&,J{ l,fl ajbnr mf fyrf&,Y enn frkjr lkxk{ i{l xyp{jbk lpxko{x{m mf rcfrk fmk rfmk*** n mf pczjkn mf ucxhk- hf idnfx n mf ajb{xn*

,Ixkzn i bk,fnf c uxyfr ll{if fp bnj ikf bk pk eci pkbjyf- ijb f zny bk rr{if i,n mf ekm bk fypx{ n lfn x{ if hxfb{mbnj i{xrk3&,B,fpcn i{l& F axknr lfl,rf& Bfx ixkb i kxf y{pxfr bkuxkc pxninj***,Kn- lfn lkxk{*** bf y rnn i,n rfxk dxjni{ n h{j j xkyr*,Bf- ff,n- Icylnjk- n ixkb i rfxk rk lfn n{hkrk&

,Bk {jbk rnn- lc{mk3,Pn fl uz{r,c i{l pmjakf ijb rk,f fb{y* Lfn lfxk ofmkf&,Y rnn i l n{hkrk& n hnfr{m bb{ jajb{xfr bnj ifp-bcxnjb pfxi f yk icjunjak ynja{x*n Im{ax{m j{ yk p{r{ cpxn y j{,n ljank ipcx{m h{imfr n

ex{jrkf mnlpkbk*,Kn- icpnmk- bf j{ ln,fn pcukyrnr ik n,f zny yrkf{f***,J,fl jkmky pxkf hnjk- bkir i,fl ynlnr*** ff if mf h{j{fj hxfk& n y j{ xzn- bfx pfxi idnfx fukf hxfk n yrkm{f bky{y*,J{ xb bkmci* Fikmkf,y xfzk* [nrk,ff rxnlnr kmk bxfacyrkf mcx

ypxk enkifxk pljrkfj7 bfx pkjrx{ i j{ mk ukbk cxninjk-cxnijb-cflkjnn rxki n j{ jkmka bfx{m*Icpnm{m yrf i{ cidnn lfxn- bkyidnn- jikxijb pfxi y i{pxnjb

bkcbfr rcfrk jkmky{xnmk nlkjynrnn* Bkfy{pxf- hcmrf jyrkmfr ykypxnonjkf pk {lkxnn mcx*

n kn yrrkf{*** {j hxhfr n {j icpnm- y{emkr mja y{emkr- ikxik,rjb jklxanjnxkf*

jrx,{j fmr icm fm m{lnn- rcr pk {j uxe bk l{jrk- mf njrxfxkf {j{n rklpm{efmjni ik pxkf nknr bnj yrji- i{ icmcfjk lkrk{anr xcrnrk iclpmkrjb{,nlxknf- {j hxhfr pxnukf n km yrkmkmk- i{rjb xyp{jy{xn- n xy{jf{j y{emkr n j lnjrk i{unjrkmk yenjrk fmk _kjb,Fukyrkn- jyixnyk pk pnkn bkcfnk- pk ifxk rcilfn mk inrnyk j iflkxf m{n bk rfnj- n fi{l i{rfpxce{jznlkf jkmky{m{n* cprn? I{ujr{m jy{emknr fm m{n Fd{xf Lfzbf kikm ik bcljkrk pkyrk m{lk* Rcn rxkh{nk y rxnl jrx{ ypnxnr{m m{n&Fdxnlfj kyrk bcfx fpfxkjf m{ix{xnmcxyn {lhxf mcx(*

n cl{m pxnun ixkyrkmk l{jnmcx bnj zfxk- ficpkxnn bk icxcfjkmkn,Dxnmcx- mf ilpnf ik yk bkye{xf pfxi mf pcfmkmk l{jrkm{n7 *nicmc


24/50

j jr{jkxni- i{ pfmlnkxn- afzkmk n pb{xn bk pcxrcifmn- i{ rxclhkmkbk pxfe fmk yrkpkn- rcfrk fikyrkf pj mf fpkmk Lkbnrkxfjkn n mflfm{xnmk Njb{y{m{n- rcfrk kxf{ fxf m{n- nlkjy n lfnkyr{cfy***xkafr{m Pkxynkn*

Fnin yk fkzfykx- ukjnjb bnj lnfzjcfprk- ukidkf xfy ffxnkjnmcx* Fnin- lfxkmk _fxfd{yrxf f f{znr ucikf I{ujr{m{n Ycmfx nn,f uz{r yrm{inxkf*** fnin- Yrpj{m Ypnxnrkmcx n Xkakmk Xkanmcx n,f

fpx{r j idnp clkjkyi- pk {j rxcj bk eci- jukljrfr j ex{l{,ykk- p{rkxk n m{lnj*** fnin f{ ecyr xcyrnrk ymcukmk jyixnyk fpcn jecnmk _kjb,Fukyrkn* j kmk kxf yixny i {j lfxk kukjnlkjr yk fpxc,pnk pkjrx{ jrxkfaf clkjnxk- n hxhfr{m i{rf bkyinexfxkf*

I{ lnjnmk ypxnonjnrk bk yrji- ynlkf pfxi n pxkarnxkfpljr{m{n7 kxf ikuf- if c klcnk ifxk xzhrkf bnj fbji* n rcrmf ekm ukjkf n bnj Ikx7 bnj ekm{m j ifxk yrkmkmk jikpkf{ i{lnjn yyk cxjb{nfyi- if y{jkrkmk jrx,c lkmcbnk7 ijrf{ ikuf*** n km j{bkym{kf hnjk ik*

Cer fbji- yk xnbni n njrx j rklpm{- jidnjfr zk{m{n Ycfxk-fikyrf fukf bkyidnbkxn lfxn ypxk m{lk n ypxk zfxk* Lkxyk jikr pkbx{l{m rn{r n njrx j cbnf m{n bk rfnj {jbk- xunrk pk lfy-

zikf{ jyixny{xnmk yenjrk*C emix{nk m{lnjf bnyixkr jipkxkf n km m{ bnjrx,c p{ja{

jnrk rlnk ex{lcy lnxcynrcfxk n c pxkyx pkyrk eci* Yrr{ {jrnlp i{ pxnunxnmk j m{lnj- fb{jjb j ynjk fbnkxnmk pfxe{lfrk7 lfnfxfjof {j pni icxcjnf bk emcxn pxcfypkrk ik,c p{jkf znmjni pk fmrfxn yk jrnjyk j pfr{m m{n- pk jnrk hmjn bk {xy- y yk cbndjkfyi*

M{lnj n {lhx*** emixnmk bfjyf{- jyicinjb efjrfylk ik fpcnyk rcpkf{ j jkfjr* Kxf ifmb n hnjk*** kxf pfik n,j y{emkr* Yrrkfff bk,{j rnlp- pnkxb{r j ajb{xn- ijb bnjrx,cbfr jipkxkf ykm{lnj hx{yi- nxkfm*** n,j eff m{n yk,jenxnp bnj xfzk c ynm{kr*** ykfpxcpnk*** n,m uz{ i{ i{rxkl{x lfxk pk ikm pk ifxk,m fblnxf frr-

bcxnjb y,n enk fyklkjn*** je{xfr j pnkmk bk rnax{- _fxfrd{yrxf*Fukf jrx,c lj rcnfa{m n j ikfmfmr {j pcifm bk f{x* Emixnmkpxnjykx pfxi unf j bfjy{m mcx axfncy n {j lnxcy jc{- lhrrcxi{pxnjykyk jipkxkf*

_fxfrd{yrxf yk fpxcpnk n- myjb pcifm{m pk fmrfx- ucxhn?, Lkmidncx- bk ficmc- bk y{y- fl f{znr jrxkhfxkf rf- fl ynlnr

zhfrkxkf n r{mh{xfxkf y{emkr{m{n r{*** n fl ukjnr& Rk jrxkhn i{l

enj

-*un fo{n pcpcx{m- r{ Lfxk Pxkcr3 I{l y m{pn lfn hnjk i{ ikm=?=? n kyk njrxnanmk j fbji{xnmk jr{jkifrk fmk enxnn3& Fl ukjnr y,nxxryp{jb? jrx,{j ynja{x ekm , fpxnjzjb j pfikf y{emkr{m{n r{ Ycf,xjmk Un{- l{mr lfn yrxm{inrcx bkir ikm ik m{lnjkfz ukxnmk , ycfxkmkm{n Fd{xf Lfzbf- Ycfxkmk N{hnxnn n fm Bxkprnn& Fr{jin Fdxnlfj-bklcj{m jr{jkxni{m{n- j{ uf lfn fukf p{rkxk fy{pxf rf* juf,n pkcflkjn P{rkxkf N{hnxnn , fikfyrf kyrk M{lnjf Fbkuxfr n- cbfr

fpxnjy j y{emkr- kf j{ yk lfn yrnjak jnincbfr- m{lnjjb yrxe{j,b{xn bk i{akr n fm{jajb pcxjnxnmk xkmk*Lkmidncx fyi{mrf n enkifxk i{ujr fm pxcekr{m{n yk ypf fbji

j ifxjkf n ynlnxnmk yfmk*_fxfrd{yrxf icjrnj{?,Fn ynlnr hnjk& Yk fpxcpnk {j ikfy dcrxrcx j lxknf m{n***

pkjrx{ rcfrk jkfl{xnmk pljr{m{n*** idnfx bfi kmk j{ rn{ jnlni*Fd{xf Lfzbf- Pxnjrkmk M{lnjnmcx- n uf rxnlnrk En{m Y{ n{hnr fnin-m:c pljr- pxnjrxk cflkjn*** y mk enk bk ecmcy& Km uf en Lfxkmk ju,rcx fm clkjnxnn*** Bnjrx,c ekincfx yk uf jfrk {j _k{*** ikm lfnlfxk bnjrxk rcn*

,F uxkf y en{ ficmc- y,M ub*** y,M i{jcyi*** y l jidnjM{n&,Bfi bcxkrn i{ rcr y{emkr{m- fn y enn&,Bfx ifxk,n imnpf Ukjnxnn- if y l pxkarkyi3 I{l fl y,c rn{3,Xhbfxk& Rk ucn im{zn mf uxklkf pcrxnunr* Pj fr{jin- pxk,eoxrrkrk,n y{emkr{m n i{akr{m&_nijb fikyrkf- n zlhn n yk rcpn pfxi j m{lnj* Lkmidncx

Nxcyxn- jrnjyk ljf ypxk km*** n yk rxkzn* Kxf ynja{x- j cbnf m{n*Yc xnbni n,n exki cidnn- bcxnjb pfxi y jmr{xk um{m jm{inxnmcx7nnpcn pxnun bk o{x,lpxko{x*

Kxf jr{jkxni- bcfx emixnmk bfjyjb- fxbkf{ j fmrfx- m{lnjf mcxbcyrxljb kyr{xf bk {lhx*** n ficmc- mja eci*** idnfx j effcidnmcx m{n*** yrxm{ikf bfx{m pxcekr{m{n- lxr{xnk ri{r f rxkikxnn*m.$b j,f ecyr uny& Ucn pxkarn ikf lfn enj p{mhkxk bk f{x n,c ucnp{jk j pcifm{m m{n _fxfrd{yrxf , fikyrf uf en bfx{m lk{ pkjrx{ En{mm nnlnjnn- En{m Ycfxkm{n&(

n xlfyk ajbnrcx- unyjb mf imnpf ikf lfxk- i{ pcifm{m yrxjyDG nf njnlf m{n*


25/50

LFXKFX[A F PXNLUKXNN

Im{ax{m yk pxkarkf bk bx{l* n m{fyk jkmnpynrf rxfnyr i{mkfi{xn- {j yrxfn jc{ , dfnj bk yxhrcfxk , n mkafyk jconkmkcpnjinmcx mf pnincfxk- icoci{m pk {lkxn n i{lf i{ uxe{m jrcxyjbkyfr pkyrk pmkrk* Yk lfn juxrn p{nj pxnj pkrkx- ikxikrjbbfi rcfrk xljkf{ j h{j xjb{nfm n fpcn- idkljb{,m pkIcylnj- ik ji lfn yrrkf mf ucxh i{ {xy{m {jbkuf pk,fpxcfpk-e{ afrf bk pmkifxk*

Bfx fefx kxf ycfxk n hnjk- ff i,n yicfyk i{lf n c fkzi{lnjrk- fmr{xn bk yrxfnk- j bkyfa* Ymr rxfnyrf pk {lkxn- n m{rcnfa{m i{ ifp bk ixklkjk n,m lfn idkl c bfr pk hnkr* Fikyrfukjn jikr- bnjrx,c mfr{x- n Im{ax{m uz{ rxnyrkk j cidnn m{n7 {xy{mm {xlf- lcxlnjb ikuf* Ik lfn- ofmk lfxk&

,Ln- bxfa{mk- pn j{,n fnin ifpr{m znmkmcx*** ukn lfn ukjn mflnjk-b{p ik l,cn jrcfxik*** yf{ lfn rxzn{- bcfx lfn fukl l{mrk fjk znik- j{,n ff3 Mfy- j{ en rxnyr*** cn ucxhn k{ i{ fn rn y rk mfyk&,L lfn pxnlkrn3 Pcr y unj3 n cidnn icpnm{m{n yijrknfx bkh{i{xnk* F{zn- Y{x{mk- l jrcxi bk axfh* n {nrjb bk flxin{jkfbkypxnxnn- m fp{i pk im{ax bk lj n jikp{ f yk xcrn j o{x{mm{n n f yxn j y{y- h{i{xcy*,Bfx- ijb rk jrcxin*** j{ l {nn- j{,n ff3,Rcfrk f{ xcyr{m mcx n jnin c pxclnyn{jk j{ kyrk ei{r j ujr*R{ fn xhbfxk n enn ynmnrcx j ik rk,fl jufr*Im{ax{m lfn pxnun c bfr bk o{x lpxko{x- m{jb{,n xlfy h{j

bk mf mci{xn- fpcn ljank {xy{m- bjb{,n j axno rxkh{xnmk l{jrkm{n nc pcxjn mf ufmk- b{p Icylnj- ik zh{xbf bkof {jbkuf- pxnjrxk hxfzn*

[j ujr jc{- imbnikm- i{ lnxcy bk pxnlufx- fbnf ljanjbenxkf* Ycfxkmk n jikp{yk bk ikuf rnlp bx{l{m pk hcmr- ff i rxk,h{nf{ y axhkfyi pfy{m*

Pk lfxanjkf ixxnn n pxnj m{lnjn{xn- adnciknn jbxzjkn nxnbnifykx yklkn imcpcknn- yi{r{xjb{,n i{ ljbxnk7 fmr{xn- ax,locfxf bk zpfb zikf junjy n yk rcpkf jikr y{h xfzkmk ikxzhrkf{ pxnjrxk ixkjan*

Ukzn r{- Icylnjk- emcxnmk fikyrkf3& Ir y{jr bk anjafk n bk,mmijrk* Bfi mk p{n j pfml- ukzn i,y bcfx bk,c idncfp*** bfx ikp{rkxk n bx{nxk zfik j kmk* Pxnukrk i{l f{ bfr zpfbf ikf xkikNj c pfxrk n ukyrkyi ukjnxkf ycfxkm{n bk pxnlufx- imcpckyi ifrcfr y{emfxkf y yk bkzlcxkfyi*** y xkunj mf unf* Nfx amfy{mmcx m f{b pj n pyxnmk ikx{m{n* Ik znin3& Dfn y x{al irkuf

bnjrxk kmk y jk jyckfyi pj mf ifyf rf- j ufmk- if bfx bk ex{,l{ykk n bxfacyrk pkjrx{ lfnif rf*

,B,fpcn i{l& I rfxk l{mr n pmfi emcxnmk&,Dfn n mk,cl m{f i{ axno- i{ ikuf pljr*** ff- if y njlfn l{mr*** mk,cn p{jk r{ jrx,c mbn- mf ycfxk*** ik znin3H{i{xcy- hnfr{m fmkyk irkuf bnjrxk emcxnmk lfn xyxnrk n- juk,

mmjb{,mk i{ ex{jzk- y j{ y{ekxk- pcxjn bnj jc{ mf ufmk- i{ bfx{m y{pxkncy j lj* Im{ax{m zlhkf- ikxikrjb{,m*

, Icylnjk- y j{ {nn ik fn jufr pk l{jrk*** lfn fmky bkucxhf xkf*** y mk yp{n n rcufxnmcx rn bk ocfi*** uxfoh n ucxhkjcmfmci{m mcx y j{ lfn enk*** bk,n f{zn n mf ikn lfxn- y,n rxfan bk

ljki- y j{ mfn y,n yrxnik y{emkr{m- f{zn3Icpnm{m bb{ axfu bnj ifp- f jkmkakxk& Kxf j km frrf ifjbcfxk

n c jkmkpin{jk hrxjkfyi- ik xzhrkf pxnj ucxhk*, Pxnukrk j o{x*** ik lnj{jnk& J{,n pifr y c l{xbxnl i{

jcxcn{m b{ljnkn*** yp{jk n r{& Iin rcr ik,n un{ kyrk lpxk{j***n icpfinn rn{ ijb jcn cflkjnn jk yebnl*** n y{ekx- nfx {jkcxnidnfx lcx bnj pxninjf jcfyrx*** n emcxnmk- n pyxnmk*** rcr{m kyrk {jnrpxnj bxfacyrk*** n Pljr{m- n Ikx{m* Ukzn r{- y{emkr{m jcyrx{ kyrkif {j adncikm fmh n pmpjb- if ikm ik,m nn r{ pxkf yrxjy j lj***cm yk ikxk cixcrnr n jukmnr j bxfacyrk- if y ixkfyi p{rkxjni n injyrnr- y pcfr xzhn j m{lk*

Hnfr{m fyi{mrf- pxnunjb- bnj ijb j ijb- adnciknn ik,n fyi{j,Dcyk jrxk pfmlk*, J,fl y {nr- lc{mk& Jnincbfr j,fl y {nr& Mk,cn yp{jk n mf

jn lkn& Pxnunjb{,m- Im{ax{m m uz{ pkyrk rnlp- jujb n jbx{ljb jkfl{xn*

Iy{kmk yfr{m{n bkof yk ukbkf{ n kn axhnx pfy{m- h{i{xcn66* jfr{m jikp{ y fmkxak- n bb{ h{zjf jrx,c i{xrk- bk {jbc xjzd*n!!*{n zaclcrk bk enfxk mcunrk jrxk kmk*


26/50

Acypcbfxnn yk pxkarkf{ bk m{ixxnmk pljr{m{n* Fkzfr pkpxnypf ifykn- rfrm fyi{kf frkjr mflf pm{a{m{n i{ c h{ifr bk ixk,lkjk- c lfn jikxif i{ bkakr{m*** fpcn nfx lfn fyi{kf*

C zuxm{a bk eklknk- j ifxk i{ axk{ lfn i{jcrkf& pk ikfpmjy bk pk l{jrk- fmkxaf bk icmc,icmc- xchcrnjb*

Ijb f{znx amfy{m icpnm{m{n- myfx m{ix{m n yk xkpkznx flj,bcn- m lhxnf{ n m pnpnf{- bk pfxi fx en ux{r y ufb bk,n jrxka-

m yx{rf{*** lfn fmky lflf*** n hnfr{m yk my j ucnf mcx- h{i{xcyjkucnk lfxk- bfx njjb ljf i{ adnciknn jrx,c mfr{x- y j{ ykylcrcikfyi j frrf h{i{xnk* Fpcn n jrnjyk yency?

, Pkjrx{ rnjk- ll{i& Bnj pfxrkf lkf n f l{jrkm{n&Ex{l{ykkf imnpkn unhxf j fkx n cpxn rnlp{m j mci*** ji{j{,

jjb rxkn y{emkrk jakljfrk* I{ cidnn fh{xnn- acypcbfx{m ykjrcfxyk ypxk Im{ax{m ik yrrkf j pcfxr n,n pxnukf zlhnjb*

, L{m{lnxkf jcfyrx j{,n bk fo{jy- jrklknkrcx{mk& Rk x{alf pcern j ifyf n mf lfyf jcfyrx& n,cl pcukyrn fpcn rcfrk ik mk,flpkrxki{r j znmkmk ik,f{ rxki{r*** b{p pcukkmk rfmk* Fi{l y{emkrkmkjn,y mnjnrnrk*** ikuf pcukxn- if jnrk pifrk lfxn- fl xcyrcacmnr bnjkmk*** n pfik n ifmb j njnln* Dfn- pcerkrk& Injyrkrk,jk pxfa{m-idnfx bk j,cl en uxkbjnin&

Im{ax{m njrx- bfx j{ zhcun l{mr , fukf bx{l m{ja j ef*Fyi{mr ucxhf pxnjnmcx- mk lfn bb{ ikuf pcukk*** yk h{i{x bkh{i{xnf mcx n x{ajb{,n y,m mfyk pk hnfr- j rnlp- y lfn {xik l{j,rkmk- m{ bfx{m bk lkxnjbk pk ifxk lflf m jrnjykyk- l{m{ln npmki* Fpxcfpk nknyk bnj yfr ijb f{zn bnj {xl rxcpcr bk icpnrk*Imxk{m yk fpxcpnk n- ijb fo{jyk j bxkpr{m m{n- yk cpxn* Fhnffr{jin- Im{ax{m jrcfxyk ifp{m n pxnun* Kxf Icylnj- lh{ocxfr bkaxfhf ukjnxnn* Yxn ocy ypxnjrkj n,n jrnjyk exnkmk*

, Lc{mk- n,f rxnlny rr{if yr ifm- y rk b{i {jbk n,c en bx{l{m&K hmjb n njk mf pcufx&

Yrrkf h{i{xcy n p{nj jaxnocxfr- pxnunjb{,m i{ cidnn lfxn?Bfi j{ pxnlkrk bfx{m3(, Rk xca k{- nf,m*** c y,n enk lfn {cx&Rcr y{emkr{m n yk camnjbkf j pxnunxkf x{arcfxk*,n l{m{lkyi- Icylnjk- pkjrx{ njnlf rf lfxk& L{m{lkrk,nrfrm{n r{& Fl y,m fb{i mf jfpcnkxk&,n,fr{jin l nkn n pk lnjk- y{y3&

In{e{mnjb pmkrkmk h{imfrk fmk hnfr{m{n- n zlhn n- m{jb exnkmk-yk fpxcpnk bk ifm- n ljank icflf jaxnonr n hcr{m yklk- n cprnikuf ucxhk mf {xkidk- fpcn*** bkcbfr yxn ypxnjrkj j f- ff- exjnin {j fo{rcx- ypxk lnxfxkf icpnm{m{n*** n ei{ yklj i{ ljf- fpcnpcxjn bnj jc{ mf bx{l- j rxfp{m uncn fm ifm{m{n*

Lkxakf n i{akrf- {cx fl{zfr- j ynjkf m{n*, Px{ji{m yrf idnfx l ixkbk lc* Bk efpr- pkjrx{ km ifl ff

n y{jr* K ikuf uxklk- bk ijb fl ecyr if km*_lhn flnjrnxnn {j{n jzbxufj lnrnrkm- ik fmkxaf i{ pnincx{kmkacfmk- ixjb{,yk j icpfin n pk ixkyrk bk l{jrk- ljijbzlk{x mfcmfmr i{ {xy{m*** ynln imb{xf hxfkmcx bk lfl n f{zn-if n fr{jin- ucxhf bclcfm bfx dcrxr f rfrm{n? Icpnmk- ir cx enznmkmk rfmk- x{ y j{ efin jnlj{n- cl yf{ unkrfrk*** i j{lfn nk,nefin&(

J{ jkmkykyk fr{jin- bfx nj{yk lnjrk n ucxhkmk m im{znykx-bk {jbkuf- bnj fbji bk enxk* Kxf p{nj lfn xyxnr bkir Icylnjijb m b{ykykx mf jur{x- mf l{jrk- fpcn {ikjni mf PkrkxfJkfl{m{n* F yrfr fjn h{jn ficmc*** jrxk rnlp- fn m{n yk pxpbnykxjrx,c hcfm n km xlfyk lfn bkpfxrk- {xijb rxnnmk l{jrkm{n- ypxkIkx* Rxki{yk ikuf uxklk bk,fr{jin* Fi{l yk jrcxikf bnj jc{- mfjrmjnxkf bnj fj- i{ ikn ik,n e{ykykx jurcxn* Lkxakf pk mf pcfmkbk l{jrk- cicmnjb uxe{xnmk*** rxkikf pxnj yfrk n pcnkjn- pk mjalfm{xn bk fpk ik,n xkpkzkf{ ufm{xnmk yxnjb pkyrk pnkrxk- pxnjpb{xn fmhk bk lkyrkikjn n efan- cicmnjb fkzxnmk lfxn*

Ucnf y,n nj ajb{xnmk i{xfrk- y j{ njrxk j dxlmfnf l{mn,lnn* Fukf pfikf m{n n fi{l j{ bcxkf y,c r{mh{xk i{ b{xkxnmk fmrcxf*Uf ukjn n uxklkf mcx*** fi{l kxf rnlp{m pxkarnxnn pkjrx{ LfxkfX{a f Unknn*

Bfx jrx,c ykfx pcpcyn mf c ify bk acypcbf

al patrulea mag2(a4)

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