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Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Page 1: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

PART IIIntroduction

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 2: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-2

PART II: Introduction

Everly and Benson’s Disorders of Arousal Model: The most comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of the stress-disease process

Potential stressors trigger limbic system arousal (can become Limbic Hypersensitivity Phenomenon, or LHP)

Limbic arousal triggers neurological, neuronendocrine, & endocrine stress axes

Overstimulation of those axes triggers stress arousal (can become arousal disorder)

Page 3: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-3

PART II: Introduction (cont’d)

Everly and Lating (2002) used Everly and Benson’s model to identify the three key elements of arousal that characterize the stress response and are precursors to stress-related disease development Increased neurotransmitter arousal and

activity Increased neuromuscular arousal Increased negative cognitive arousal

Page 4: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-4

PART II: Introduction (cont’d)

Linked together, these three key elements initiate and sustain the stress response

A comprehensive model for coping with stress needs strategies to break this chain and start the relaxation response

The stress management strategies of the Five Rs of Coping with Stress Model combat one or more of the three levels of arousal identified by Everly and Lating

Page 5: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-5

PART II: Introduction (cont’d)

The Five Rs of Coping with Stress Model Rethink Reduce Relax Release Reorganize

A synergistic effect occurs when all five work together simultaneously

Page 6: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

Chapter 7Rethinking the Big

Picture

Page 7: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-7

Rethinking Your Perspective on the World

Most of our stress is determined by the way we view the world in general potential stressors in particular

Often, our appraisal of potential stressors and the emotions aroused by them is inaccurate (based on a distorted world view or faulty thinking)

Page 8: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-8

Rethinking Your Perspective on the World

Your perspective: your big picture of how the world and people in it should be

There are many ways to change one’s perspective for the purpose of reducing stress

Page 9: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-9

Knowing What You Value

Our values are the mirror of our personalities

Values clarification: a three-part processPrizing beliefs and behaviorsChoosing beliefs and

behaviorsActing on beliefs

Page 10: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-10

Whose Life Is It Anyway? Most people are caught up in living

someone else’s life Being out of control is being less

hardy and stress resistant Pulling one’s own strings

Having an internal locus of control Resisting being swayed by others Making your own plans and decisions,

based on a rational assessment of issues Not buying into illogical assumptions

about potential stressors

Page 11: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-11

Purposeful Living and Your Own Goal Setting

Purposeful living: having a purpose that meshes with who you are, your values, and your daily life criteria

Goals should be realisticSmallManageableAchievable

Goals should have measurable objectives

Page 12: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-12

Expecting and Embracing Change

“The only constant in life is change.” Understanding that life is constantly

changing will help us accept change and rethink it as a potential stressor

To thrive (not merely survive), we must adapt to change or be left behind

Hardy people embrace change, adapt to it, and thrive under changing circumstances (Kobassa et al.)

Page 13: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-13

Putting Things in Proper Perspective

Realize you are not the center of the universe (Naikan Philosophy).

Accept the fact that you cannot plan for and control everything

Appreciate the humor in life One must develop three humor

skills (Metcalf & Felible)

Page 14: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-14

Embracing the Absurdity of Difficult Situations

Humor skill #1: Accepting absurdity/ Radical acceptance. This will let you escape from the center of the

universe Humor skill #2: Take yourself lightly but your work

problem seriously. It exemplifies grace and modesty It is characterized by a humble attitude and a

proper perspective Humor skill #3: Having a sense of joy in being alive.

Near death experiences can change perspectives.

Page 15: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-15

Putting Humor Into Your Life

Humor helps us go with the flow Its root is umor, Latin for fluid,

like water. It is physiologically impossible to

be laughing and stressed at the same time

Page 16: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-16

Reducing Stress by Enjoying Life More

Many have forgotten that we need and deserve to have fun

Most other cultures take midday breaks or longer vacations

Work has become the end rather than the means

Page 17: Akira Kaede/Getty Images PART II Introduction McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Akira Kaede/Getty Images

7-17

Changing Perspective by Slowing the Pace of Your Life

The pace of life affects the quality of life Living life too fast doesn’t

allow one time to enjoy it Stop (or at least slow down)

and smell the roses

8 week classes?


McGraw-Hill © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies 1 S M McGraw-Hill © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill

© McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin

McGraw-Hill © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 The Sociological Perspective McGraw-Hill © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill

Akira Kaede/Getty Images Chapter 10 Relax: Using Relaxation Techniques to Offset the Effects of Stress McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill

© 2002 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Akira Kaede/Getty Images Chapter 12 Reorganize: Becoming More Stress-Resistant by Improving Your Health McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill

McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004

Local Marketing in Mature Markets Chapter Eight. Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies,, Inc., 2000 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies,,

Chapter Ten LocalMarketing in Emerging Markets Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies,, Inc., 2000 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies,,

McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin

© McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill 10-1. 10 McGraw-Hill Systems Analysis & Programming

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 SUBNETTING

McGraw-Hill Ryerson Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill

1 McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Chapter Seven McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,

Irwin/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004

Chapter 10 · Irwin/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 $ Irwin/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002 McGraw-Hill/Irwin

McGraw-Hill © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill

Akira Kaede/Getty Images Chapter 3 The Environmental and Occupational Basis of Stress McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,

Akira Kaede/Getty Images Chapter 6 The Effects of Stress on the Body and Mind McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All

Mcgraw Hill

McGraw-Hill/Irwin McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All rights reserved ©2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2008, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 McGraw-Hill/Irwin

McGraw-Hill 6-1. 6 McGraw-Hill Communications, Networks, & Safeguards

Akira Kaede/Getty Images Chapter 9 Reduce: Finding Your Optimal Level of Stimulation McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies

McGraw-Hill Science Newsroom - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill€¦ · McGraw-Hill Science Newsroom Primary Edition complements the McGraw-Hill Science 2000textbook series by offering one interactive