airraft hardwares

7/25/2019 Airraft Hardwares

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AIRRAFT

HARDWARESBOLTSNUTS

WASHERS


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What is hardware?

The term used to describe the

various types of fasteners and smaitems used to assembe and repairaircraft structures and components!


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A rcra t FastenerStandardization and

Selection Most aerospace hardware is manufactured pero!ernment standards

Selection and use of fasteners are as !aried as thet"pes are as !aried as the t"pe of aircraft# therefore$

care should %e ta&en to ensure fasteners are appro!ed%" the Federal A!iation Administration 'FAA( or %" )i!ilA!iation Authorit" of the *hilippines ')AA*(

+nl" hardware with tracea%ilit" to an appro!edmanufacturin process or source should %e used,

The three most common aircraft fastener standardsused are- A. / Air Force0.a!"

.AS / .ational Aerospace Standards

MS / Militar" Standards


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1+2TS


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1+2TS used in aircraft construction in areas

"here hi#h stren#th is needed used as a fastener

characteri$ed by a heica rid#e& 'no"nas a male thread(e)terna thread* or

+ust thread& "rapped around a cyinder

desi#ned to mate "ith a compementarythread& 'no"n as a femalethread(interna thread* or simpy NUTS


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made from aoy stee& stainess orcorrosion resistant stee& auminum aoysand titanium

standard bots used in aircraftconstruction are AN, throu#h AN-.


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1+2TS !s S)REWS

Scre"s USUALL/ have o"er materiastren#th&

a ooser thread 0t&

head shapes formed to en#a#e ascre"driver&

and the shan' may be threaded aon# its

entire en#th "ithout a ceary de0ned#rip!


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Stresses Actin on a 1olt


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*ARTS +F A 1+2T


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T3*ES +F 1+2TS

GENERAL PURPOSE BOLTS

The hex head AN 3 THROUGH AN 20 is an

all purpose strutural !olt used "or #eneralappliations in$ol$in# tension and shear

loads %here a li#ht dri$e "it is per&issi!le'

(a!riated "ro& SAE 2330 ni)el steel and

ad&iu& plated' *denti"ied !+ a ross or

asteris)


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AN BOLT HEA121ENT2324AT2ON

5ENERAL 6UR6OSE 7 4ROSS ORASTER2S8

A*R,RA(T BOLTS

- Threaded "asteners.

E4, A.567A E4, A.567


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A*R,RA(T BOLTS


GENERAL PURPOSE BOLTS

The AN /3 AN 1 -S200/3S200/4. drilled

head !olt is si&ilar to the standard hex !olt5

!ut has a deeper head that is drilled to reei$e

%ire "or sa"et+in#' The AN3AN20 and AN/3AN1 series !olts are interhan#ea!le'


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A*R,RA(T BOLTS


,LOSE TOLERAN,E BOLTS

This t+pe o" !olt is &ahined &ore auratel+than the #eneral purpose !olt' The+ an !e

Hex headed -AN/3AN16. or ha$e a

,ountersun) head -NAS10NAS16. the+ are

used in appliations %here a ti#ht dri$e "it is

re7uired -the !olt %ill onl+ &o$e into position

onl+ %hen stru) %ith a 24 oune ha&&er.


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)+8.TERS8.9 HEAD 1+2T

I.TER.A2 WRE.)HI.: 1+2T

DRI22ED HE4 HEAD 1+2T

)2E;IS 1+2T

T"pes of 1olts

A*R,RA(T BOLTS



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)2+SE T+2ERA.)E'STEE2 +R A28MI.8M

A22+3(

A28MI.8M A22+3'>> *,S,I,(

)+RR+SI+. RESISTA.TSTEE2 '=@$>>> *,S,I,(

STEE2 =@$>>> *,S,I STEE2 @>$>>> *,S,I

HEAD MAR9I.:S

A*R,RA(T BOLTS



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A*R,RA(T BOLTS

- Threaded "asteners.BOLT 8ES*GNAT*ON

AN4H1A

AN means the bolt is manufactured according to AirForce-Navy specs.4identifies the diameter of the bolt shank in 1/1!increments

"identifies the head is drilled#identifies the length of the shank in 1/#! incrementsAmeans the shank of the bolt is un-drilled $no letter heremeans a drilled shank%


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A*R,RA(T BOLTS


THREA8 8ES*GNAT*ON

Threads are desi#nated !+ the nu&!er o" ti&esthe inline -threads. rotates around a inh

len#th o" #i$en dia&eter !olt or sre%'

E9' 421 thread indiates that a :; dia' Bolthas 21 threads in ; o" its thread len#th'


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A*R,RA(T BOLTS


THREA8 desi#nation

Threads are desi#nated !+ the ,lass "it

-tolerane allo%ed in &anu"aturin#.'

,lass < Loose "it 'Easil" turned %" the Bners(

,lass 2 < (ree "it -Airra"t Sre%s.

,lass 3 < ediu& "it -Airra"t Bolts.

,lass 4 < ,lose "it -Re7uires a %renh to turn the nut ontoa !olt.


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Bolt Appliation


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2imits and Fits )learance Fit C in this assemby there is a space bet"een the t"o parts! The

shaft is a"ays smaer than the part it 0ts into! Interference Fit C in this assemby there is no space bet"een the parts! The

shaft is a"ays ar#er than the part it 0ts into! This means that force is

re9uired to assembe the parts!

Transition Fit C this is a ran#e of 0ts "hich can be either cearance orinterference! The shaft can be ar#er or smaer than the part it 0ts into!


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1+2T :RI* 2E.:TH )+RRE)T

1+2T :RI* 2E.:TH T++ SH+RT

1+2T :RI* 2E.:TH T++ 2+.:

A*R,RA(T BOLTS



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&ertain accepted practices prevail concerning the

installation of hard'are. A fe' of these regarding

bolt installation follo'(

1. )n determining proper bolt length - no more than

one thread should be hidden inside the bolt hole.

*. +henever possible, bolts should be installed

pointing aft and to the center of an airplane.

. se a torue 'rench 'henever possible and

determine torue values based on the si0e of bolt.4. e sure bolt and nut threads are clean and dry.

2. se smooth, even pulls 'hen tightening.

. 3ighten the nut first - 'henever possible.


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&ertain accepted practices prevail concerning the

installation of hard'are. A fe' of these regarding

bolt installation follo'(

. A typical installation includes a bolt, one 'asher

and a nut.#. )f the bolt is too long, a ma5imum of three

'ashers may be used.

6. )f more than three threads are protruding from

the nut, the bolt may be too long and could bebottoming out on the shank.


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.8TS


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.8TS

usuay have no identi0cation on thembut they are made from the samemateria as bots

a compementary thread& 'no"n asa female thread(interna thread*

1ue to the vibration of aircraft& nuts musthave some form of a oc'in# device to

'eep them in pace! The most common"ays of oc'in# are cotter pins used incaste nuts& 0ber inserts& oc'"ashers&

and safety "ire


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T3*ES +F .8TS

)AST2E .8TS

SE2F62+)9I.: .8TS

*2AI. AIR)RAFT .8TS

+THER AIR)RAFT .8TS


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Castle NutsAN,:. and AN,-. caste nuts are the mostcommony used! 4aste nuts are fabricatedfrom stee and are cadmium pated! 4orrosionresistant caste nuts are aso manufactured(AN,:.4 and A4,-.4 7 remember& "hen youencounter a ;4; it "i desi#nate stainess*!

4aste nuts are used "ith dried shan' bots&cevis bots and eye bots! The sots in the nutaccommodate a cotter pin for safetyin#purposes!

A*R,RA(T NUTS


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A*R,RA(T NUTS

AN,:. 4ad6ated

Castle Nuts

AN,:. Stee

AN,-. Shear 4ad 6ated

AN,-. Shear Stee


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Self-Locking NutsSef7oc'in# nuts& as the name impies& do not need a

oc'in# device!The most common method of oc'in# is derived froma 0ber insert!

This insert has a smaer diameter than the nut itsef

so that "hen a bot enters the nut it taps into the0ber insert producin# a oc'in# action!

The desi#nation of these nuts is AN,


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A*R,RA(T NUTS

MS=>5@ )ad Steel Torue.ut '+ld A.


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Plain Aircraft Nuts6ain nuts re9uire a oc'in# device such as achec' nut or oc'"asher! They are not "idey

used in most aircraft! AN,:= is thedesi#nation used for a pain he) nut! Thesenuts are aso manufactured "ith a ri#ht handthread and a eft hand thread! The chec' nutused to hod a pain nut in pace is an AN,:


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Other Aircraft NutsThere are a number of other aircraft nuts

avaiabe! Win# nuts (AN,=.* are commonyused on battery connections or hose camps"here proper ti#htness can be obtained byhand! Anchor nuts are "idey used in areas

"here it is di?cut to access a nut!Tinnerman nuts& instrument mountin# nuts&pa nuts& cap nuts& etc! are a e)ampes ofother types that are used!

A*R,RA(T NUTS


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WASHERS


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WASHERS

a thin pate (typicay dis'7shaped*

"ith a hoe (typicay in the midde* to provide a shim "hen needed

act as a smooth oad bearin# toavoid e)cessive surface pressure to ad+ust the position of caste nuts

in reation to the dried hoe in abot

used under a oc'"asher toprevent dama#e to a surface


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REFERE.)ES-

*+WER*+I.T *RESE.TI+.-

A2R4RA3T @ATER2ALS AN16RO4ESSESprepared by En#r! Eric ohn Ceasco

A) 56 ,1')hapter > Aircraft Hardware$)ontrol )a%les and Turn%uc&les(

Section G65 C G6>>

*DF

'Aircraft Hardware What You

N d T K % R Al d (

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