aircraft control surfaces and components
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Aircraft Control Surfaces and Components. Aircraft Components and Control. Aircraft range from simple home-built machines to complex fighter jets All aircraft have common structural and control components that allow for controlled flight. Aircraft Components. Five typical components. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Aircraft Control Surfacesand Components
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Aircraft Components and Control
• Aircraft range from simple home-built machines to complex fighter jets
• All aircraft have common structural and control components that allow for controlled flight
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Aircraft Components
Five typical components
Empennage
Fuselage
Wing
LandingGear
Power Plant
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Aircraft Components
Empennage
Fuselage
Aileron
Elevator
RudderVertical Stabilizer
Horizontal Stabilizer
Wing
Flaps
Power Plant
Cockpit
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Aircraft Components
Empennage
Fuselage
Elevator(No horizontal
stabilizer)
Rudder(No vertical stabilizer)
Wing(No ailerons or flaps)
Power Plant
Cockpit
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Fuselage
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Wing
Wing StrutRibs Spar
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High Wing
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Mid Wing
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Low Wing
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Multiple Wings – Biplane
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Canard Wings
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Winglet
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Empennage and Wing Components
Elevator
Rudder
Vertical Stabilizer
Horizontal Stabilizer
Flaps
Ailerons
Horizontal Stabilizer
Elevator
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Empennage
Rudder
Vertical Stabilizer
Horizontal Stabilizer
Trim Tab
Elevator Trim Tab
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Twin Vertical Stabilizers
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Triple Vertical Stabilizers
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V Tail
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Powerplant – TractorEngine Propeller
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Powerplant – PusherEngine Propeller
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Powerplant – Variable DirectionExhaust smoke from
vertical thrust
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Landing Gear – Oleo Strut
Brakes
Tire
Rim
Oleo strut
Axle
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Landing Gear – Floats
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Conventional Gear – Tail-Dragger
Main Gear(2 wheels)
Tail Wheel
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Tricycle Gear
Main Gear(2 wheels)Nose Wheel
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Specialized Landing Gear
Rough Field
Soft Field
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Aircraft Size
Lockheed C-5 Galaxy
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Aircraft Size
Boeing 777 Engine Intake
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Instrument Panel
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Center of Gravity
Center of Gravity (CG) is point where weight of object is balanced
Centroid located on the line of symmetry
Centroid of object with multiple lines of symmetry is located at intersection of lines of symmetry
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Stability
• Aircraft with positive stability returns to steady flight after disturbance
• Maneuverability is an indication of an aircraft’s ability to handle the stress of maneuvers
• Controllability is an indication of an aircraft’s ability to react to pilot inputs
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Aircraft Attitude
• Aircraft have three axes of flight which intersect at the center of gravity
• Aircraft must be stable around these three axes for controlled flight
• Aircraft must be controlled to rotate around these three axes to change direction
LongitudinalAxis
LateralAxis
VerticalAxis
Center ofPressure
Center ofGravity
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LongitudinalAxis
LateralAxis
VerticalAxis
Aircraft Stability and Movement Around Three Axes of Flight
RollPitch
Yaw
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Aircraft Roll Stability and ControlTo turn left, the
aircraft must roll left.
Right wing must raiseand left wing must descend.
Right aileron is lowered and left aileron is raised.
LongitudinalAxis
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Flight Controls that Cause Ailerons and Flaps to Move
Yoke rotatedleft
Left wing shown
Left aileron raisesRight aileron lowers
Left and rightflaps lower
Flaps lever lowered
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Aircraft Pitch Stability and ControlLateralAxis
Pitch Down
Push the yokeforward
To descend, the pilot reduces power and lowers the elevator to pitch down
Lower the elevator
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Aircraft Pitch Stability and Control
Elevator
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Aircraft Yaw Stability and ControlVertical
Axis
Yaw Left
Push left pedalaway from you.
To yaw the aircraftnose left, the rudder must deflect left.
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Aircraft Yaw Stability and Control
Rudder
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Aircraft Motion and ControlAxis Motion Stabilized by Control Pilot Control
Longitudinal Roll Wings Aileron Yoke twist left or right
Lateral Pitch Horizontal stabilizer
Elevator Yoke forward or aft
Vertical Yaw Vertical stabilizer
Rudder Rudder pedals
LongitudinalAxis
LateralAxis
VerticalAxis
Roll Pitch
Yaw
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ReferencesJeppesen (2007). Private pilot: Guided flight discovery.
Englewood, CO: Jeppesen.Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. (2006). Guided flight discovery
private pilot images [CD-ROM]. Englewood, CO: Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2009). Airplane parts definitions. Retrieved from http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/airplane.html
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2009). Wilber and Or. Retrieved from http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/IMAGES/SMALL/GPN-2002-000126.jpg
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ReferencesLockheed Martin (2010). C-5M first flight-3a. Retrieved
from http://www.flickr.com/photos/lockheedmartin/3570610406/in/set-72157618866063402
Lockheed Martin (2010). F-35 Lightning II. Retrieved from http://www.lockheedmartin.com/products/f35/
Lockheed Martin (2010). Lockheed Martin C-130 in flight. Retrieved from http://www.flickr.com/photos/lockheedmartin/976461432/
Meyer, A. (2010). X-Plane (Version 9.21rc2) [Computer software]. Columbia, SC: Laminar Research.
Senson, Ben. (2010). Madison Memorial High School, Wisconsin.