airbus m&p composite technology - dlr · pdf fileairbus intelligent airframe concept ......

Nanocomposites for Future Airbus Airframes

09. Oktober 2008

Nanocomposites for Future Airbus Airframes

Wissenschaftstag 2008

Presented by

Dr. Klaus Edelmann,Bernd Räckers, Dr. Benjamin L. FarmerAirbus M&P Composite Technology

09. Oktober 2008Nanocomposites for Future Airbus Airframes ©AI

RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Nano-ratio

A 380 Span: 79,8 m

Clip dimensions:Part-Length: 130 mmThickness: 2,17 mmLaminat thickness: 0,31 mm 1,2 nm

1:250.000 1:250.000

CNT diameter:1-10 nm


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Airbus Intelligent Airframe Concept

• Future Airbus airframes will require high performance, robust and cost-efficient, multi-functional materials for maintenance-free, actively controlled and environmentally-friendly aircraft structures

• Stepwise introduction of Nanotechnology could impact all areas of airframe design, manufacture and assembly


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Nanocomposite developments

• Nano-augmented

• Nano-engineered

• Nano-enabled

• Airbus has three step-wise approaches to nanocomposite developments


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Nano-augmented composites – functional applications


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Nano-augmentation

• For Airbus, the aim is to augment existing or new aircraft materials and structures with nanomaterials with significantly enhanced properties, enabling:

Improvement of the structural and functional performance, and therefore

Reduction of weight and cost


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Nano-augmentation – approach

Nanocomposite: a multiphase compound, containing a secondary(or tertiary) filler phase which is a nanomaterial (nanofiller)

Polymeric (thermoplastic or thermoset), or metallic matrix filler (optional)

1. Three dimensional particles

2. Plate-like

3. Fibres and tubes

L

L

L

Nano-sized reinforcement, L < 100 nm

Filler

Multi-scale composites

Augmentation of conventional long-fibrecomposites

+ =

Nanoreinforcedpolymer CF Fabric Nanocomposite


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Nano-augmentation- opportunity for improvements

Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites

1. Mechanical PropertiesIncreased ModulusIncreased StrengthIncreased Impact/Toughness

6. Thermal PropertiesIncreased HDT and StabilityEnhanced ConductivityControlled CTE

5. Tribological PropertiesIncreased Surface HardnessReduced Wear RateScratch Resistance

4. Electrical PropertiesConductivityElectrostaticsEMI ShieldingEMH Protection

2. Barrier PropertiesReduced Moisture AbsorptionIncreased Chemical ResistanceReduced Gaseous Diffusion

3. Fire RetardancyReduced Burn-ThroughEnhanced FST PropertiesIncreased Charring


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Electrical bonding & grounding requires current return via airframe. Current concept are based on a metallic ‘Electrical Structure Network’.

The challenge of electrical bonding & grounding

Raceways Metallic strips (CFRP frames

bonding)

Seat tracks & cargo floor

Only metallic parts shown

The non-metallic composites airframe must ensure a sufficient electricalconductivity through novel design concept or electrical conductivecomposites.


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

1.E-23 1.E-17 1.E-11 1.E-05 1.E+01 1.E+07

Metals

Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon Fibres

CFRP Laminates

Sea Water

Glass

M21 Resin

Quartz

Teflon Conductivity (Siemens/m)

Carbon nanotubes: functional properties

• Density 1.8 – 2.0 g cc-1 (Ag, Cu = 10.5, 9.0 g cc-1)• Thermal Conductivity 1950 W m-1 K-1 (Ag, Cu = 429, 401 W m -1 K-1)• Aspect ratio 105 or more (Ag, Cu = ~ 1)

The combination of mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, together with low density and high aspect ratio is very attractive

Percolating

Non-Percolating


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Lightning strike – direct effects

• Lightning strike direct effectsRapid evolution of energy

– Arc temperature many thousands ºC– Current manifests as heat through resistive heating

• The explosion of the plies at the arc attachment zone. • Degradation of the resin.

– Pressure wave (30-500 psi) accompanies the return stroke

Other challenges: At the assembly zone, the interface resistance can lead to particular damage such as sparking.

Damage resulting from lightning strike on an un-protected composite panel

For the protection of non-conducting

composite structure, the current state-of-the-art is sacrificial embedded woven

bronze mesh

Nano-augmented enhancements under

development


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Lightning indirect effects

• Method: Increase bulk resin conductivity by the addition of highly conducting carbon nanotubes

• Results:


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Nano-engineered composites – structural applications


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

• Nanomaterials: a particle with at least one dimension of nano size, i.e. <100 nm

Exhibit remarkable and unique properties due to their size

Nanomaterials: potential for structural application

Nano particles - SiO2 , SiC, Si3N4, TiO2, Al203, ZnO, CaCO3, BaSO4

Layered structures – Layered silicates, exfoliated graphiteTubes/Rods – Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Carbon nanotube/nanofibre polymer composites

• Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes make them a very interesting reinforcement material

Small dimensions give high surface area per unit mass; increasing interaction with polymer

• A number of routes to productionSolution processing of composites

– Processing of composites based on thermosetsMelt processing of bulk compositesIn situ polymerisation processing

• Key to effective ‘reinforcement’ is a high degree of dispersion (and alignment) and optimised bonding


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Why carbon nanotubes?

steel


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Why carbon nanotubes?

Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Interlaminar reinforcement

• Interlaminar Reinforcement (DCB Test)First results using highly imperfect NanostitchNext step is fabricate with ideal 20 μm nanostitch (grown recently)


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Intralaminar reinforcement

• Intralaminar Reinforcement (Short Beam Shear Test)

Thick laminates with aligned CNTs everywhere in matrix, no voids


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Nano-enabled composites – structural applications


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

European Aeronautics: A VISION FOR 2020

• Aircraft and an air transport system that are responding to society’s needs, despite a three-fold increase in air transport

Because aircraft are cleaner, safer and quieter, can fly, land and taxi in all weather conditions and air traffic is very efficiently managed

• One of the Vision 2020 Targets:Reduction of CO2 by 50% and NOx by 80%


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Vision 2020: Nano-enabled composites

• Break-through technologies are required to meet Vision 2020 environmental targets

Nano-enabled (nano-only) composites may deliver such a break-through technology

Direct spinning of carbon nanotube fibres

Li, Y.-L., I.A. Kinloch, and A.H. Windle. 2004. Science 304(April 9):276–278.

Future Airbus airframes will require high performance, robust and cost-efficient, multi-functional materials for maintenance-free, actively controlled and environmentally-friendly aircraft structures


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Thank youfor your attention


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S.. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied.

The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.

AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.

airbus m&p composite technology - dlr · pdf fileairbus intelligent airframe concept ......

Documents