airborne hydrocarbon sensing system hunter-corporate... · (em) principles, all related to vertical...

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CORPORATE PRESENTATION JUNE 2012


AIRBORNE HYDROCARBON SENSING SYSTEM

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Our History

»System developed – “original concept”

»Sky Hunter – 2000, developed prototype

Sensor System

»System tested against geology (case studies,

small and large fields, onshore and offshore)

»Trade Secret for 10 years, now patent

applications in place

»2012, Commercial Unit and Survey System

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MICROSEEPS

MANIFESTATIONS

OUR SYSTEM

COMBINED DATA LAYERS

SUMMARY

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MICROSEEPS

Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator

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Hydrocarbon Microseeps

» The continuous, rapid,

vertical migration of

hydrocarbons from

subsurface reservoirs

MICROSEEPS: HYDROCARBON MICROSEEPS

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MICROSEEPS

Buoyancy

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Buoyancy

MICROSEEPS: BOUYANCY

» Hydrocarbons migrate

vertically into the cap rock

from traps due to buoyancy

forces between the lower

density hydrocarbons and

formation water

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MICROSEEPS

Redox Cell

Buoyancy

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Redox Cell Basics

» “Giant DC Earth Battery” S. Pirson

» Natural zeolites (clay minerals in

reservoir seal) act as catalytic

cracking agents, breaking long

hydrocarbon chains into smaller

molecules. This cracking action

results in the negative ionization of

the hydrocarbon saturated zone.

» Pirson and Tompkins: when shale

cuttings are immersed in crude oil a

negative charge (reduction) is

generated and will continue as long

as fresh oil is injected, replacing that

previously cracked.

MICROSEEPS : REDOX CELL

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Redox Cell Basics

» At surface, and into the atmosphere,

a positive charge exists. This creates

a near-surface anode and establishes

a column of electrical flow from the

electron generating oil reservoir

(the cathode) directly to the

electron poor surface.

» This flow forms a reduction

environment column or chimney

centered directly over the oil/gas

field. The chimney is referred to as a

redox cell.

» Reduction Oxydation (“REDOX”)


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Redox Cell Basics

» Pirson documented these giant earth

batteries using electric logs and

surface redox potential (Eh)

measurements.

» The general term Chimney Effect

(CE) includes a multiplicity of

magnetic, geochemical,

mineralogical and electromagnetic

(EM) principles, all related to

vertical hydrocarbon microseepage

emanating from oil and gas

accumulations.


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MICROSEEPS

Chimney Effect

Redox Cell

Buoyancy

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Chimney Effect

» The Chimney Effect (CE) of negatively

charged ionized hydrocarbons rising

vertically above oil/gas reservoirs

into the atmosphere is aided by the

presence of the Earth’s electrical

potential.

» During fair weather there is an

electrical potential difference of

500,000 volts between the

ionosphere and the Earth’s surface

being negative relative to the

Ionosphere. The FAIR WEATHER

CURRENT is the steady flow of

electrons from the earth’s surface

MICROSEEPS : CHIMNEY EFFECT

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MICROSEEP

MANIFESTATIONS

Magnetite

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Authigenic Magnetite

Development Over Hydrocarbon Pools

» Goethite (iron) changes to Magnetite in a

strong reducing environment (redox cell)

and the authigenic Magnetite is developed

over the same areal configuration as the

Hydrocarbon pools. And is the result of an

Electromagnetic effect related to negative

ions above Hydrocarbon traps or

accumulations

» Robert Foote: Statistics of magnetic

anomalies in relation to entrapped

hydrocarbons using borehole cuttings

» Approx. 1,500 Producing Field tests: 80 -85

% found magnetic mineralization in drill

cuttings (95% correlation if edge wells

excluded)

» Approx. 1,500 dry holes tested: only 5 – 16%

had any alteration (magnetite rate drops to

5% if field edge dry holes are excluded)

MANIFESTATIONS: MAGNETITE

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MICROSEEP

MANIFESTATIONS

Clay Replacement

Magnetite

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Clay Replacement

» Among the changes that occur in

electrochemically reducing (ie.

negatively charged) environments

associated with hydrocarbon

seepage is the replacement of

mixed layer clays

by kaolinite.

» Satellite imagery can locate

kaolinite anomalies for further

geotechnical screening.

MANIFESTATIONS: CLAY REPLACEMENT

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MICROSEEP

MANIFESTATIONS

Non Seismic (Schumacher)

Clay Replacement

Magnetite

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Surface Measurement

Dietmar Schumacher

» In a review of more than 2,600

US and International wildcat

wells- all drilled after

completion of geochemical or

non-seismic hydrocarbon

detection systems- more than

80% of wells drilled on

prospects associated with

positive hydrocarbon anomalies

resulted in commercial

discoveries.

MANIFESTATIONS: NON SEISMIC (SCHUMACHER)

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MICROSEEP

MANIFESTATIONS

Microseep Samples (Gore)


Clay Replacement

Magnetite

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Gore Survey

» “Capturing information in microseepage

data using Gore’s Amplified Geochemical

Imaging SM technology is a very effective

way of identifying hydrocarbon seeping

vertically up from charged reservoirs”

David concludes. “They are Direct

Hydrocarbon Indicators; in fact, we

would like to suggest that while

macroseeps show a presence of

hydrocarbons in the basin, they may travel

long distances from the actual reservoir.

Microseeps travel vertically from the

reservoirs and thus are the only

real DHI!”

» David Goold of GORE Surveys

» 96 % accurate in predicting dry wells

» 92% accurate in predicting geochemical

anomalies

MANIFESTATIONS: MICROSEEP SAMPLES (GORE)

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MICROSEEP

MANIFESTATIONS

Atmospheric Samples



Clay Replacement

Magnetite

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Atmospheric Hydrocarbon Concentrations

» “Non-Methane”

hydrocarbons were

measured at incremental

altitude steps high in the

atmosphere

» C2 – C5 were found

» Without a charge, gases

denser than air will settle

(i.e. propane in parkades)

MANIFESTATIONS: ATMOSPHERIC SAMPLES

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MICROSEEP

MANIFESTATIONS

Gas Storage, Production, and Salt

Atmospheric Samples



Clay Replacement

Magnetite

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Gas Storage Reservoirs

» Surface microseep measurements

vary with storage pressures

» Microseepage is in real time,

not geological time

1. Increasing microseepage during summer

gas injection

2. Decreasing microseepage during winter

gas withdrawal

MANIFESTATIONS: GAS STORAGE, PRODUCTION, AND SALT


Production


» With oil and gas production the

reservoir pressure declines.

Without the pressure drive the

microseep activity diminishes and

signal strength drops.

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Production


» With oil and gas production the

reservoir pressure declines.

Without the pressure drive the

microseep activity diminishes and

signal strength drops.

Production from reservoir

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Salt

» Hydrocarbon Microseeps have

been detected through thick

evaporite beds (3,000 meters of

salt & anhydrite) giving evidence

that microseeps can penetrate

virtually all lithologies


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OUR SYSTEM

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System Components

OUR SYSTEM: SAMPLE GATHERING

Hydrocarbon Sensors

by MDA

Repeatable, robust,

secure, operator

friendly

Navajo Aircraft

Hydrocarbon Nose

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Hydrocarbon Nose

OUR SYSTEM: HYDROCARBON NOSE

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Electromagnetism

» Electromagnetism manifests as

both electric fields and magnetic

fields and contributes to Redox

Cell development

» The electromagnetic force causes

like-charged things to repel and

oppositely-charged things to

attract.

» Photons are the carrier particles

of the electromagnetic force and

travel at the speed of light

OUR SYSTEM: ELECTROMAGNETISM

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Hydrocarbon Nose

OUR SYSTEM: HYDROCARBON NOSE

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Hydrocarbon Sensors

» Space Age Engineering

for Airborne Hydrocarbon

Sensing System

OUR SYSTEM: HYDROCARBON SENSORS

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Survey Profile

» Samples are gathered and

measured by custom designed

equipment mounted on an

aircraft flying at low levels

OUR SYSTEM: SAMPLE LINE

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Gather, Process and Map

Hydrocarbon Residual Footprints

OUR SYSTEM: SURVEY PLAN

FLYING THE SURVEY & DATA COLLECTION MICROSEEP INTENSITY PROFILE

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Gather, Process and Map

Hydrocarbon Residual Footprints

OUR SYSTEM: PROCESSING

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Mapped Processed Data

» Map the strongest signals –

the top residuals

OUR SYSTEM: MAPPING

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Three Channels

OUR SYSTEM: THREE CHANNELS

Dry Gas Footprint Map Oil 1 Footprint Map Oil2 Footprint Map

Dry Gas Oil 1 Oil 2

Primarily methane Propane & heavier fraction Pentane & heavier fraction

Indicates dry gas Indicates gas condensate or oil Indicates oil

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COMBINED GEOLOGICAL DATA LAYERS

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» Remote “Indirect” Hydrocarbon

prone areas - not a prospect tool

» Basement faulting patterns - no

hydrocarbon detection capabilities

» Architecture & sediment pack

thickness - no hydrocarbon

detection

» “Indirect” Hydrocarbon prone areas

on a regional basis - no unique

identification of oil and gas

accumulations

» Focus expensive seismic and

drilling costs on areas with the

best FOOTPRINTS

» “Direct” Hydrocarbon Targeting on

a Play & Prospect Scale

» Combine with traditional geological

& geophysical data layers

Direct Targeting Advantage

Satellite

Magnetics

Gravity

Radio-

metrics

2D

3D

Well Logs

YOUR DATA: DIRECT TARGETING ADVANTAGE


Combined Exploration Process

YOUR DATA: COMBINED EXPLORATION PROCESS

» Footprint maps combined

with new or existing

geological information can be

used to predict trap depth

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Survey Profile

» Areas with high signal

strength focus additional

geophysical operations and

data collection

YOUR DATA: SURVEY PROFILE


Seismic Information

» Hydrocarbon reservoir

defined by combining

microseep data and

subsurface data sets such as

seismic

YOUR DATA: SURVEY PROFILE

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SUMMARY

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Survey History

»Prediction rate: two wells out of three

»Onshore and offshore examples

»Over 100,000 line kilometers of test data

SUMMARY: PREDICTION RATE

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Sky Hunter Advantage

SUMMARY: FIND MORE RESERVES/BENEFITS

Focuses Efforts.

Quick Timelines.

Safety.

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Sky Hunter Advantage

SUMMARY: FIND MORE RESERVES/BENEFITS

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Environmentally Non-Invasive Technology

SUMMARY: ENVIRONMENT

Before Before

The surface is not disturbed as we do our survey.

After After

Before Before

After After

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Increased Reserves & Lower Costs

Scientific surveying of natural hydrocarbon microseeps

SUMMARY: INCREASED RESERVES & LOWER COSTS

Effective sample gathering, processing and GIS mapping

Direct hydrocarbon indicator

Focus exploration efforts to increase reserve base and

lower finding costs

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Contact Information

Russ Duncan

[email protected]

403.228.2175 ext.(208)

308, 1235 – 17th Avenue SW

Calgary, Alberta, T2T 0C2

fax 403 265 2419

www.skyhunter.ca

SUMMARY: CONTACT INFORMATION

airborne hydrocarbon sensing system hunter-corporate... · (em) principles, all related to vertical...

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