Air Quality - Air Quality - PollutionPollution

Section 16.2 Section 16.2

Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect GH Gases:GH Gases:

1.1.. .

2. . 2. .

3. .3. .

4.4...

5.5... Radiation from sun is Radiation from sun is

“trapped” as heat in our “trapped” as heat in our atmosphere.atmosphere.

Greenhouse MechanismGreenhouse Mechanism

Radiation is converted toRadiation is converted to

heat energy by __________heat energy by __________

________(friction in electrons).________(friction in electrons).

Humans Impacting Humans Impacting GreenhouseGreenhouse

Burning __________ Fuels Burning __________ Fuels

(transportation/coal-burning (transportation/coal-burning power/manufacturing)power/manufacturing)

Deforestation (less cycling)Deforestation (less cycling)

Our AtmosphereOur Atmosphere ____________________________ (N (N22) = 78%) = 78%

________________________________ (O (O22) = 20%) = 20%

_______________(O_______________(O33) = trace %) = trace %

protects us from harmful radiation (UV protects us from harmful radiation (UV and higher frequency)and higher frequency)

____________________________________________(CO(CO22) = .05 %) = .05 %

________________________________ (CH (CH44) = trace %) = trace %

Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect

Radiation from Radiation from sun enters sun enters atmosphere and is atmosphere and is filtered so we don’t filtered so we don’t burn up.burn up.

Heat trapped during Heat trapped during daytime, sustains daytime, sustains us at nightus at night

Why Greenhouse Effect is Why Greenhouse Effect is GoodGood

________________ – we would burn up – we would burn up __________________– freeze to death– freeze to death Without the atmosphere:Without the atmosphere:

o No CONo CO22 for plants for plants

o No HNo H220 for organisms –weather 0 for organisms –weather

o No ONo O22 for humans, animals for humans, animals

CO2 (greenhouse gas) and ___________ (direct or indirect relationship?)

CO2 (greenhouse gas) and temperature

Make a connection to ….

Global Warming Global Warming consequencesconsequences Trend of warming climate – increase of __ – Trend of warming climate – increase of __ –

_____º F in last _____ years_____º F in last _____ years POSSIBLE EFFECTS: ________________POSSIBLE EFFECTS: ________________

______________________________________________________________________ Climate change (deserts-rain forests)Climate change (deserts-rain forests) Ecosystems destroyedEcosystems destroyed Loss of species Loss of species Epidemics of parasites/diseaseEpidemics of parasites/disease

Global warming Global warming consequencesconsequences

Ozone –Earth’s Sun BlockOzone –Earth’s Sun Block

________ –air pollution compounded by ________ –air pollution compounded by the interaction with sunlight. Gound level the interaction with sunlight. Gound level ozone formed when NOozone formed when NO2 2 reacts with O reacts with O22

To form OTo form O3 3 -harmful to organisms -harmful to organisms

(lungs/sensitive tissues)(lungs/sensitive tissues) Stratosphere Stratosphere OO3 3 Protects us from Protects us from

_______rays._______rays.

Ozone DepletionOzone Depletion __________(chlorofluorocarbons) group __________(chlorofluorocarbons) group

of chemicals.of chemicals. Used as propellants and refrigerants.Used as propellants and refrigerants. React and permanently disable ozone.React and permanently disable ozone.

Acid RainAcid RainCauses:Causes:

______________________________________________________________ Releasing Nitrogen and Sulfur oxidesReleasing Nitrogen and Sulfur oxides (impurities). Form acid rain.(impurities). Form acid rain. ______________ (Sulfuric acid) (Sulfuric acid)

_________(nitric acid)_________(nitric acid)

Acid RainAcid Rain

pH < __ pH unitspH < __ pH units

pH scale (pH units)pH scale (pH units) Change in .1 is x10 on scale…Change in .1 is x10 on scale… ____ is ten times more acidic than _________ is ten times more acidic than _____ Life exists in range of ______ pH unitsLife exists in range of ______ pH units

Mechanism Mechanism

OH- = H+ HOH- = H+ H22O O

OH- >H+ BASEOH- >H+ BASE OH-<H+ ACIDOH-<H+ ACID

Acid Rain DamageAcid Rain Damage Bio-___________- sensitive creatures to Bio-___________- sensitive creatures to

change (aquatic insect/amphibians/trout)change (aquatic insect/amphibians/trout) Reproduction in ________.Reproduction in ________.

Pollution ProducersPollution Producers ________ generation________ generation Population centersPopulation centers ______________________________ Industrial ________Industrial ________

Movement of pollutionMovement of pollution

______________Areas______________Areas

Buffers: Nature’s Buffers: Nature’s protectionprotection

_______________(CaCO_______________(CaCO33) neutralizes ) neutralizes

the pH.the pH.

Strategies to stop Acid Strategies to stop Acid Rain…Rain…

Electrostatic Precipitators (___________)Electrostatic Precipitators (___________) Low _________coal –have to burn more Low _________coal –have to burn more

(less energy).(less energy). Alternative energyAlternative energy Source reductionSource reduction