“air quality planning in italy”

““Air quality planning Air quality planning in Italy”in Italy”

Alessandra Fino and Valentina PucciAlessandra Fino and Valentina Pucci

Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea Direction for Environmental ProtectionDirection for Environmental Protection

Workshop on “Assessment of plans and programmes reported under 1996/62/EC” – Brussels, October 9th 2006

Workshop on "Assessment of plans and programmes reported under 1996/62/EC" - Brussels, October 9th 2006 22

Emission trends in ItalyEmission trends in Italy

SOURCE: APAT 2005


SOSO22 emissions (1980 – 2003) emissions (1980 – 2003)

SOURCE: APAT


Lead emissions (1990 – 2003)Lead emissions (1990 – 2003)


SOURCE: APAT

NONOxx emissions in Italy (1980-2003) emissions in Italy (1980-2003)

SOURCE: APAT 2005

SOURCE: APAT


Number of zones and agglomerations Number of zones and agglomerations where levels exceed LV + MOT for NO2where levels exceed LV + MOT for NO2

Number of zones and agglomerations of

exceedance

Number of zones and agglomerations where

NO2 is assessed


exceedance


NO2 is assessed


exceedance


NO2 is assessed

Annual NO2 LV+MOT 35 34 43

1-hour NO2 LV+MOT 7 3 2

125 114 116

2003 2004 2005

SOURCE: Ministry for the Environment


PMPM1010 emissions in Italy (1990-2003) emissions in Italy (1990-2003)

SOURCE: APAT


PMPM1010 emissions in 2003 emissions in 2003

SOURCE: APAT


Number of zones and agglomerations Number of zones and agglomerations where levels exceed LV+MOT for PMwhere levels exceed LV+MOT for PM1010

SOURCE: Ministry for the Environment


exceedance


PM10 is assessed


exceedance


PM10 is assessed


exceedance


PM10 is assessed

Annual PM10 LV +MOT 39 34 38

24-hour PM10 LV+ MOT 52 58 70

97 99

2004 20052003

100


SOURCE: ENEA, 2005

Primary and secondary contributions to Primary and secondary contributions to PMPM1010

Primary Secondary

0

5

10

15

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

%

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

ug/m3

Monthly avg. conc. Contributions


Approach for the air quality managementApproach for the air quality management

Regions and autonomous Provinces are the competent authorities for air quality monitoring, assessment and management in Italy and

for establishment and implementation of Plans and Programmes reported under 1996/62/EC

The Italian Ministry for the Environment has the task to establish The Italian Ministry for the Environment has the task to establish general rules to be applied at national level for environmental issuesgeneral rules to be applied at national level for environmental issues

Italian Ministry coordinates regional and local policies with the aim of Italian Ministry coordinates regional and local policies with the aim of facilitating the definition of shared rules and objectives in order to facilitating the definition of shared rules and objectives in order to

achieve the best air quality protection achieve the best air quality protection


MEASURES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF AIR QUALITY MEASURES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF AIR QUALITY ADOPTED AT NATIONAL LEVEL BY REGULATIONSADOPTED AT NATIONAL LEVEL BY REGULATIONS

With the aim of reducing air pollution Italian Ministry issued laws and acts to improve energy efficiency and reducing pollutants emission:

Limiting use of some fuels in residential heating plants and introducing Limiting use of some fuels in residential heating plants and introducing provisions for their working (specific regulation for technical and provisions for their working (specific regulation for technical and constructive requirements, emission limit and related controls, no coal and constructive requirements, emission limit and related controls, no coal and heavy oil allowed)heavy oil allowed)

Improving the fuel quality (limit for sulphure and nickel content and other Improving the fuel quality (limit for sulphure and nickel content and other environmental specifics for solid and liquids fuels)environmental specifics for solid and liquids fuels)

Limiting pollutants emission for all plants and activities reducing emission Limiting pollutants emission for all plants and activities reducing emission in atmosphere .in atmosphere .


1999/13/EC (VOC emission)1999/13/EC (VOC emission)

European Directives

2001/80/EC(Large Combustion Plant)

2001/80/EC(Large Combustion Plant)

Italian decrees

• Emission limits for heavy metals and for CO;

• Specific emission limits for existing plants

• No derogations for gas turbines and NOx emission No derogations for gas turbines and NOx emission limits stricter than EU oneslimits stricter than EU ones

• Competent authorities can provide limits Competent authorities can provide limits stricter stricter than those established by the directivethan those established by the directive

• Allow more restrictive emission limits referring to existing authorizations;

• The authorizations of incineration plants generally The authorizations of incineration plants generally provide emission limits stricter than those provide emission limits stricter than those established by the directive.established by the directive.

2000/76/EC(Incineration of Waste)

2000/76/EC(Incineration of Waste)

Industrial plants

MEASURES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF AIR QUALITY MEASURES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF AIR QUALITY ADOPTED AT NATIONAL LEVEL BY REGULATIONSADOPTED AT NATIONAL LEVEL BY REGULATIONS


Plans and Programmes in Italy: the contents Plans and Programmes in Italy: the contents established by D.M. 261/02 established by D.M. 261/02

General information

Information to make available to public and appropriate organisations

Nature, origin and assessment of air pollution

Zone characterization

Analysis of scenarios and trends

Description of legislation framework

Description of measures for improvement of air quality in each zone or Description of measures for improvement of air quality in each zone or agglomeration agglomeration

Details of the measures or projects planned for the long termDetails of the measures or projects planned for the long term

List of documents and data used to set the Plan or ProgrammeList of documents and data used to set the Plan or Programme

Interregional coordinationInterregional coordination

Actions and measures planned to overcome administrative obstaclesActions and measures planned to overcome administrative obstacles


Regional air quality plans and programmesRegional air quality plans and programmes17 Regions and autonomous Provinces had to implement specific P&P for attaining the limit value

16 Regions and autonomous Provinces had established and implemented AQ P&P

P&P have not been assessed homogeneously: higher level of knowledge about AQ assessment have been reached in Regions of the north and some of the centre of Italy

The description of the general environment context and the analysis of the main The description of the general environment context and the analysis of the main pressure elements by means of diffusion models as well as the expected air quality pressure elements by means of diffusion models as well as the expected air quality improvements were often lacking of in-depth analysis in the most of the southern and improvements were often lacking of in-depth analysis in the most of the southern and centre Regions's air quality plans. Consequently they have generally planned only centre Regions's air quality plans. Consequently they have generally planned only traffic and transport measures in urban areas, without a deep cost-effective analysistraffic and transport measures in urban areas, without a deep cost-effective analysis

BUT BUT

A SIGNIFICANT INTEREST IN AIR QUALITY PLANNING IS GROWING AMONG A SIGNIFICANT INTEREST IN AIR QUALITY PLANNING IS GROWING AMONG ALL REGIONS AND AUTONOMOUS PROVINCES AND WE EXPECT FROM THEM AN ALL REGIONS AND AUTONOMOUS PROVINCES AND WE EXPECT FROM THEM AN

IMPORTANT PLANS AND PROGRAMMES UPDATING IN A SHORT TERMIMPORTANT PLANS AND PROGRAMMES UPDATING IN A SHORT TERM


MobilityMobility

Production activitiesProduction activities

Energy conservation/Renewable energy Energy conservation/Renewable energy sourcessources

Domestic heatingDomestic heating

Information/CommunicationInformation/Communication

OtherOther

Plans and Programmes in Italy : Measures adopted by local authoritiesPlans and Programmes in Italy : Measures adopted by local authorities

SOURCE: Ministry for the EnvironmentQuestionnaires on P&P 2003


Mobility

Production activities

Energy conservation/Renewable energy sources

Domestic heating

Information/Communication

Other

Classification of measures

11,2%

6,6%

8,5%

5,9%

6,6%

61,2%

MEASURES CHARACTERIZATIONMEASURES CHARACTERIZATION

SOURCE: Ministry for the EnvironmentQuestionnaires on P&P 2003

Most of measures adopted by the Regions concern mobility and productive Most of measures adopted by the Regions concern mobility and productive activitiesactivities

Measures of “Other” type concern elaboration of emission inventories and Measures of “Other” type concern elaboration of emission inventories and researchresearch

Plans and Programmes : Measures adopted in Italy Plans and Programmes : Measures adopted in Italy


Plans and Programmes: significant measures Plans and Programmes: significant measures adopted at local leveladopted at local level

The Province of Bolzano’s air quality programme contains a wide range of measures to improve and to preserve air quality .

The central proposals in the plan are:

• Implementing low emission zone;

• Promoting the use of low emissions veichles;

• Implementing traffic management by infrastructure to reduce emissions;

• Encouraging proper vehicle maintenance and more efficient driving;

• Reducing emissions from buildings and industry;

• Reducing emissions from construction sites


Plans and Programmes: significant measures Plans and Programmes: significant measures adopted at local leveladopted at local level

In order to reduce emissions (motor vehicle, residential, commercial and industrial emissions) Lombardy’s has implemented an integrated air quality plan through atmopheric emissions abatement measures, sustainable transport measures and energy saving measures:

• Promotion of electric and gas fuelled vehiclesPromotion of electric and gas fuelled vehicles

• PromotionPromotion of alternative-fueled original equipment vehicles, and high fuel efficiency of alternative-fueled original equipment vehicles, and high fuel efficiency vehicles in cities fleetvehicles in cities fleet

• PromotionPromotion air quality education at schools air quality education at schools

• Improving pollution prevention opportunities with community partners (such as the Improving pollution prevention opportunities with community partners (such as the Chamber of Commerce)Chamber of Commerce)

• PromotionPromotion energy conservation and other green building practices energy conservation and other green building practices

• Promotion of mobility management projectPromotion of mobility management project


Other local initiativesOther local initiatives

The Regions and autonomous Provinces of Padana basin, characterized by similar climatic conditions, have came to an agreement at an interregional level in order to reach a better coordination on measures for the reduction of atmospheric pollution

Restriction of the circulation for private vehicles (excepted GPL and methane vehicles Restriction of the circulation for private vehicles (excepted GPL and methane vehicles and euro 4 vehicles). and euro 4 vehicles).

The Regions and autonomous Provinces of Padana basin’s Working Group has finally The Regions and autonomous Provinces of Padana basin’s Working Group has finally agreed on the necessity to put into effect within the 2010 prohibition of circulation for agreed on the necessity to put into effect within the 2010 prohibition of circulation for more polluting gasoline and diesel vehicles and introduce the obligation of using more polluting gasoline and diesel vehicles and introduce the obligation of using particulate filters for all diesel vehicles, characterizing economic and fiscal measures particulate filters for all diesel vehicles, characterizing economic and fiscal measures of incentive.of incentive.


NATIONALMEASURES

Car Sharing ProgrammeCar Sharing Programme

Structural ProgrammesPromotion of electric and gas fuelled vehicles, public transport, collective taxi, area pricing;development of QA

monitoring network;

Structural ProgrammesPromotion of electric and gas fuelled vehicles, public transport, collective taxi, area pricing;development of QA

monitoring network;

Mobility ManagementMobility Management

Promotion of renewable energy sources

Promotion of renewable energy sources

ICBI Promotion of NG and LPG

use in old car fleet

ICBI Promotion of NG and LPG

use in old car fleet

Environmental Protection Programme

Promotion of low impact vehicles and alternative fuels; public transport and

collective taxi

Environmental Protection Programme

Promotion of low impact vehicles and alternative fuels; public transport and

collective taxi

Ecological SundaysEcological Sundays

AgreementMATT(*)-ANCMA(**)

Promotion of Euro I and Euro II two wheels vehicles

AgreementMATT(*)-ANCMA(**)

Promotion of Euro I and Euro II two wheels vehicles

Additional national measures for air quality Additional national measures for air quality improvementimprovement

Agreement MATT-FIAT-UP

Promotion of NG use in transport sector

Agreement MATT-FIAT-UP

Promotion of NG use in transport sector

Promotion of energy efficiencyPromotion of energy efficiency

* Ministry for the Environment

** National Association Mopeds, Motorycles, Accessories


CONSIDERED:CONSIDERED:The technical complexity of issues concerning the air quality assessment and management and

The necessity of creating a much stronger coordination between the competent authorities at national, regional and local level

The Italian Ministry for the Environment establishedThe Italian Ministry for the Environment established

the National Commission on Air Pollution Emergency (CNEIA) the National Commission on Air Pollution Emergency (CNEIA)

CNEIA has produced a report on:CNEIA has produced a report on:

• air quality situations in Italy;air quality situations in Italy;

• available technologies for emission reduction;available technologies for emission reduction;

• sector interventions that have order of precedence for the air quality managementsector interventions that have order of precedence for the air quality management

NATIONAL INITIATIVESNATIONAL INITIATIVES: STUDIES AND ACTIVITIES STUDIES AND ACTIVITIES


WG 3Collection and elaboration of info

on non-technical measures relating to industry and transport

sectors

WG 3Collection and elaboration of info

on non-technical measures relating to industry and transport

sectors

C.N.E.I.A.

WG 2Collection and elaboration of

emission inventories from fixed and mobile sources

WG 2Collection and elaboration of

emission inventories from fixed and mobile sources

WG 6Assessment of emissions from

industry, civil sectors and estimate of their effects on

public health

WG 6Assessment of emissions from

industry, civil sectors and estimate of their effects on

public health

WG 5 Improvement and upgrading of air

pollution forecast and risk management models

WG 5 Improvement and upgrading of air

pollution forecast and risk management models

WG 1Collection and elaboration of AQ

and meteorological data and information

WG 1Collection and elaboration of AQ

and meteorological data and information

WG 8Collection of information on current

activities in the other EU Countries to prevent air pollution

WG 8Collection of information on current

activities in the other EU Countries to prevent air pollution

WG 7Proposal of technological solutions

and procedures to prevent air pollution

WG 7Proposal of technological solutions

and procedures to prevent air pollution

WG 4 Individuation of PM10 and its

precursors levels in ambient air

WG 4 Individuation of PM10 and its

precursors levels in ambient air

WG 9Elaboration of methodologies for the assessment of the effectiveness of measures, plans and programs to

prevent air pollution

WG 9Elaboration of methodologies for the assessment of the effectiveness of measures, plans and programs to

prevent air pollution

NATIONAL INITIATIVESNATIONAL INITIATIVES: STUDIES AND ACTIVITIESSTUDIES AND ACTIVITIES


National initiativesNational initiatives

• Draft the “Guidelines for rationalization of AQ monitoring networks”;Draft the “Guidelines for rationalization of AQ monitoring networks”;

• Plan out possible AQ policies to apply over a wide geographical level; Plan out possible AQ policies to apply over a wide geographical level;

• Harmonize the questionnaires on AQ assessment and on P&P with other Air Harmonize the questionnaires on AQ assessment and on P&P with other Air Quality information to be sent to EC according to European legislation;Quality information to be sent to EC according to European legislation;

• Promote the iPromote the implementation of models to estimate the effectiveness of the mplementation of models to estimate the effectiveness of the measures applied, at several levels, in order to reduce the atmospheric pollutionmeasures applied, at several levels, in order to reduce the atmospheric pollution

Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea has instituted a Working Group with representatives of Regions and autonomous Provinces, Associations of Municipalities and for technical-scientific issues with representatives of National Agency for Environmental Protection and Technical Services (APAT), National Research Council (CNR) and National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA).

The aims of the WG are:


Development of integrated mDevelopment of integrated modelsodels

Assessment of air pollution control

strategies at regional level (or

agglomeration)

Comparative analysis in

order to identify cost-

effective strategies

Local or sectorial

analysis

Analysis of emission reduction strategies,

focusing on acidification, eutrophication and

tropospheric ozone

Attendedresults


Main problems in the planning process Main problems in the planning process

Decentralization of functions of air quality assessment in Italy has caused a fragmentation of the planning action

The structure of organization of air quality management has The structure of organization of air quality management has induced Regions and autonomous Provinces to implement local induced Regions and autonomous Provinces to implement local level measures without the chance of establishing an integrated level measures without the chance of establishing an integrated

planning between various policies and programs (energy, planning between various policies and programs (energy, transports, pollution)transports, pollution)


SOME GENERAL CRITICAL ASPECTSSOME GENERAL CRITICAL ASPECTS

1• Many monitoring stations are not located according to AQ DD criteria

2 • High number of zonesHigh number of zones

• There is a preponderance of traffic oriented stations compared to urban and suburban background monitoring stations

Overestimation of population exposure respect to the real air quality stateOverestimation of population exposure respect to the real air quality state

Data and information submitted from different Regions and autonomous Data and information submitted from different Regions and autonomous ProvincesProvinces in the annual reporting are not immediately comparablein the annual reporting are not immediately comparable

• Regions and autonomous Provinces have used different criteria to Regions and autonomous Provinces have used different criteria to establish zones and agglomerationsestablish zones and agglomerations


National objectives concerning monitoring National objectives concerning monitoring networks and AQ assessmentnetworks and AQ assessment

1

22 To harmonize, at national level, criteria set by regions and To harmonize, at national level, criteria set by regions and autonomous provinces autonomous provinces for the definition of zones and for the definition of zones and agglomerations.agglomerations.

To conform to AQ DD criteria the location of monitoring stations;

To reduce the numerical difference between the number of traffic oriented stations and the number of urban and suburban background stations;

To modify the spatial distribution of monitoring stations in order to have a more homogeneous spatial coverage throughout the territory.

Workshop on "Assessment of plans and programmes reported under 1996/62/EC" - Brussels, October 9th 2006Workshop on "Assessment of plans and programmes reported under 1996/62/EC" - Brussels, October 9th 2006 2929

Recommendations for improvement of the provisions on an Recommendations for improvement of the provisions on an European levelEuropean level

An integrated approach to climate change and air pollution can assure considerable ancillary benefits in terms of environmental impacts and costs because both problems are caused to a large extent by the same activities (fossil fuel combustion): as the energy consumption continues to grow, making it difficult to reduce energy-related environmental pressures, the synergies between control strategies for CO2 and air pollution should be implemented at any level.

At this aim Italy is planning an integrated programme finalized to promote:At this aim Italy is planning an integrated programme finalized to promote:

• innovative approaches for developing and disseminating new climate-friendly innovative approaches for developing and disseminating new climate-friendly policies, integrated air pollution and climate strategiespolicies, integrated air pollution and climate strategies

• energy efficiency to reduce contribution to the emissions energy efficiency to reduce contribution to the emissions

• innovative approaches for the development and transfer of climate-friendly and innovative approaches for the development and transfer of climate-friendly and low carbon technologies (in particular renewable energy, carbon efficiency, low carbon technologies (in particular renewable energy, carbon efficiency, energy efficiency non-CO2 greenhouse gases, and carbon capture and energy efficiency non-CO2 greenhouse gases, and carbon capture and geological storage)geological storage)


Implementing air quality meausures can represent a great opportunity for growth of territory in order to achieve:

– Largest attractions for tourism destinations through the reduction of air pollution levels and the use of sustainable means of transport)

– Development and increasing value of “centre of excellence” for new technologies for the environment (ex. low impact vehicles and alternative fuels, particulate filters, innovative technologies for air quality monitoring, test labs and centres for the validation of environmental data);

– High standards quality in transports, infrastructures and industrial plans and High standards quality in transports, infrastructures and industrial plans and programmes in order to assure a better lqnd use;programmes in order to assure a better lqnd use;

– High standards of new enterprises in environment services providing technical High standards of new enterprises in environment services providing technical support to promote the sustainable development of society, introducing technical support to promote the sustainable development of society, introducing technical innovation for the environment.innovation for the environment.

Recommendations for improvement of the provisions on Recommendations for improvement of the provisions on an European levelan European level

Workshop on "Assessment of plans and programmes reported under 1996/62/EC" - Brussels, October 9th 2006Workshop on "Assessment of plans and programmes reported under 1996/62/EC" - Brussels, October 9th 2006 3131

Recommendations for improvement of the Recommendations for improvement of the provisions on an European levelprovisions on an European level

It would be recommendable to consider air quality protection as It would be recommendable to consider air quality protection as opportunity of growth and development and not as tie throughopportunity of growth and development and not as tie through

Cohesion fund for the period 2007-2013Cohesion fund for the period 2007-2013

The objectives of competitiveness, cohesion and the protection and management of The objectives of competitiveness, cohesion and the protection and management of natural resources should be realized giving more attention to the air pollutants and the natural resources should be realized giving more attention to the air pollutants and the

relative impactsrelative impacts

.Life +, an instrument for the environmentLife +, an instrument for the environment : :

Contribute to the implementation, updating and development of Community Contribute to the implementation, updating and development of Community environmental policy and legislation through the integration of the environmental policy and legislation through the integration of the

environment into other policiesenvironment into other policies

Promote innovative partnerships for awareness raising and capacity building Promote innovative partnerships for awareness raising and capacity building in air quality management and PP implementationin air quality management and PP implementation


[email protected]@minambiente.it

[email protected]@minambiente.it

Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea Direction for Environmental ProtectionDirection for Environmental Protection

“air quality planning in italy”

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