Air PollutionAir Pollution

The depletion of ozone over The depletion of ozone over Antarctica is greatest duringAntarctica is greatest during

A. August through November A. August through November

B. December through February B. December through February

C. February through May C. February through May

D. June through August D. June through August

E. the ozone hole is consistent in size E. the ozone hole is consistent in size throughout the yearthroughout the year

The compound that is the leading The compound that is the leading cause of ozone depletion iscause of ozone depletion is

A. CO A. CO

B. COB. CO2 2

C. CFCs C. CFCs

D. NOD. NOX X

E. VOCsE. VOCs

The agreement that allowed for a The agreement that allowed for a reduction, and eventual elimination, reduction, and eventual elimination, of CFC production and use isof CFC production and use is

A. The Montreal Protocol A. The Montreal Protocol

B. The Quebec Protocol B. The Quebec Protocol

C. The Kyoto Protocol C. The Kyoto Protocol

D. The Clean Skies Initiative D. The Clean Skies Initiative

E. The Clean Air ActE. The Clean Air Act

The “hole” in the ozone The “hole” in the ozone layer islayer isA. greatest over the South Pole A. greatest over the South Pole B. greatest over the southern hemisphere B. greatest over the southern hemisphere C. greatest over the Pacific Ocean C. greatest over the Pacific Ocean D. greatest over the Atlantic Ocean D. greatest over the Atlantic Ocean E. consistent around the globeE. consistent around the globe

Ozone which contributes to the Ozone which contributes to the formation of smog is found in theformation of smog is found in the

A. troposphere. A. troposphere.

B. thermosphere. B. thermosphere.

C. mesosphere. C. mesosphere.

D. stratosphere. D. stratosphere.

E. mesopause.E. mesopause.

Which of the following is correct with Which of the following is correct with regard to the effects of CFCs on ozone regard to the effects of CFCs on ozone production?production?A. UV radiation frees a chlorine atom, A. UV radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone. which breaks down ozone. B. Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom, B. Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone. which breaks down ozone. C. UV radiation frees a fluorine atom, C. UV radiation frees a fluorine atom, which breaks down ozone. which breaks down ozone. D. Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom, D. Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone. which breaks down ozone. E. UV radiation frees a carbon atom, which E. UV radiation frees a carbon atom, which breaks down ozone.breaks down ozone.

Which region shown Which region shown

on the maps appears on the maps appears

to have the worst air to have the worst air

quality?quality?

A. northern Nevada A. northern Nevada

B. southern Nevada B. southern Nevada

C. northern California C. northern California

D. central California D. central California

E. ArizonaE. Arizona

A lichen is a mutualistic relationship A lichen is a mutualistic relationship betweenbetween

A. an alga and a fungus. A. an alga and a fungus.

B. a dinoflagellate and a coral. B. a dinoflagellate and a coral.

C. a coral and a fungus. C. a coral and a fungus.

D. a coral and an alga. D. a coral and an alga.

E. a sea anemone and a clown fish.E. a sea anemone and a clown fish.

Of the following strategies to reduce Of the following strategies to reduce emissions of pollutants from stationary emissions of pollutants from stationary sources, the one which is sources, the one which is leastleast likely to help likely to help over the over the long run long run isis

A. burning low-sulfur coal. A. burning low-sulfur coal.

B. removing sulfur from coal. B. removing sulfur from coal.

C. dispersing pollutants above the thermal C. dispersing pollutants above the thermal inversion layer. inversion layer.

D. shifting to less polluting fuels. D. shifting to less polluting fuels.

E. convert coal to a liquid or gaseous fuel.E. convert coal to a liquid or gaseous fuel.

Respiratory illnesses in Respiratory illnesses in developing countries are most developing countries are most likely to be caused bylikely to be caused by

A. formaldehyde. A. formaldehyde. B. cigarette smoke. B. cigarette smoke. C. particulate matter. C. particulate matter. D. asbestos. D. asbestos. E. chloroform.E. chloroform.

Haze in the Amazon basin would most Haze in the Amazon basin would most likely come fromlikely come from

A. slash and burn methodologies used A. slash and burn methodologies used to remove trees to remove trees B. microbial action in the river B. microbial action in the river sediments sediments C. trade winds moving sea spray C. trade winds moving sea spray inland inland D. cattle overgrazing the river basin D. cattle overgrazing the river basin E. indigenous people’s life stylesE. indigenous people’s life styles

The correct sequence of layers of the The correct sequence of layers of the atmosphere from innermost to outermost isatmosphere from innermost to outermost is

A. mesosphere A. mesosphere stratosphere stratosphere thermosphere thermosphere troposphere. troposphere. B. troposphereB. tropospherestratosphere stratosphere mesosphere mesosphere thermosphere. thermosphere. C. stratosphere C. stratosphere thermosphere thermosphere troposphere troposphere mesosphere. mesosphere. D. thermosphere D. thermosphere stratosphere stratosphere mesosphere mesosphere troposphere. troposphere. E. thermosphereE. thermospheremesosphere mesosphere stratosphere stratosphere troposphere. troposphere.

A thermal inversion, which can lead to serious A thermal inversion, which can lead to serious pollution events, occurs whenpollution events, occurs when

A. warm air that normally rises, does so taking A. warm air that normally rises, does so taking the pollutants with it the pollutants with it B. warm air that normally rises stays close to B. warm air that normally rises stays close to the surface holding pollutants close to the the surface holding pollutants close to the surface surface C. cool air that normally rises, does so taking C. cool air that normally rises, does so taking the pollutants with it the pollutants with it D. cool air stays close to the surface but D. cool air stays close to the surface but pollutants rise into the atmosphere pollutants rise into the atmosphere E. cool air stays close to the surface and is E. cool air stays close to the surface and is blanketed by a layer of warm air that traps blanketed by a layer of warm air that traps pollutantspollutants

What do all volatile organic compounds What do all volatile organic compounds have in common?have in common?

A. all are carbon based A. all are carbon based B. all are produced from man made sources B. all are produced from man made sources

C. all are emitted for processing and/or C. all are emitted for processing and/or

burning fossil fuels burning fossil fuels D. all are colorless, odorless reactive gases D. all are colorless, odorless reactive gases E. all are naturally occurring colorless and E. all are naturally occurring colorless and

odorless gases found in rocks and odorless gases found in rocks and vegetationvegetation

Gray-air smog comes from Gray-air smog comes from suspended particles ofsuspended particles of

A. carbon dioxide. A. carbon dioxide.

B. ammonium salts. B. ammonium salts.

C. particulate matter or soot. C. particulate matter or soot.

D. carbonic acid. D. carbonic acid.

E. ozone.E. ozone.

Which is of the following would be likely to Which is of the following would be likely to increase outdoor air pollution?increase outdoor air pollution?

A. Wide open landscapes transport pollutants. A. Wide open landscapes transport pollutants. B. Hills and valleys increase the flow of air in B. Hills and valleys increase the flow of air in valleys valleys C. Higher temperatures decrease chemical C. Higher temperatures decrease chemical reactions leading to more photochemical smog reactions leading to more photochemical smog formation. formation. D. FOC emissions from certain trees and plants D. FOC emissions from certain trees and plants can play a large role in creating photochemical can play a large role in creating photochemical smog. smog. E. Temperature inversions can help to disperse E. Temperature inversions can help to disperse pollutants.pollutants.

Which of the following ranges Which of the following ranges correctly describes the pH of acid correctly describes the pH of acid deposition?deposition?

A. pH < 5.6 A. pH < 5.6 B. 7 > pH > 5.6 B. 7 > pH > 5.6 C. 7 < pH > 5.6 C. 7 < pH > 5.6 D. pH < 8.6 D. pH < 8.6 E. 7 < pH < 8.6E. 7 < pH < 8.6

Specific reasons for sick building Specific reasons for sick building syndrome as identified by the EPA syndrome as identified by the EPA include all of the following exceptinclude all of the following except

A. copy machines A. copy machines

B. mold and pollen B. mold and pollen

C. VOCs from carpet and furniture C. VOCs from carpet and furniture

D. faulty ventilation D. faulty ventilation

E. CFCsE. CFCs

Furniture stuffing, paneling, Furniture stuffing, paneling, particle board, and foam insulation particle board, and foam insulation may be sources ofmay be sources of

A. chloroform. A. chloroform.

B. formaldehyde. B. formaldehyde.

C. carbon monoxide. C. carbon monoxide.

D. asbestos. D. asbestos.

E. sulfur dioxide.E. sulfur dioxide.

The troposphere differs from the The troposphere differs from the stratosphere in that it hasstratosphere in that it has

A. 1,000 times less oxygen by volume. A. 1,000 times less oxygen by volume.

B. 1,000 times more ozone by volume. B. 1,000 times more ozone by volume.

C. 1,000 times less ozone by volume. C. 1,000 times less ozone by volume.

D. 1,000 times more nitrogen. D. 1,000 times more nitrogen.

E. 1,000 times less moisture by volume.E. 1,000 times less moisture by volume.

National ambient air quality standardsNational ambient air quality standards

A. have been established for almost 100 air A. have been established for almost 100 air pollutants. pollutants.

B. must be met by 50 major U.S. metropolitan B. must be met by 50 major U.S. metropolitan areas that are responsible for implementation areas that are responsible for implementation plans. plans.

C. are established by Congress. C. are established by Congress. D. specify the maximum allowable level, D. specify the maximum allowable level,

averaged over a specific time period, for a averaged over a specific time period, for a certain outdoor air pollutant. certain outdoor air pollutant.

E. specify the minimum allowable level, E. specify the minimum allowable level, averaged over a specific time period, for a averaged over a specific time period, for a certain outdoor air pollutant.certain outdoor air pollutant.

Of the following motor vehicle Of the following motor vehicle fuels, the greatest polluter isfuels, the greatest polluter is

A. gasoline. A. gasoline.

B. hydrogen gas. B. hydrogen gas.

C. alcohol. C. alcohol.

D. natural gas. D. natural gas.

E. battery.E. battery.

If the earth were an apple, the If the earth were an apple, the lower layer of the atmosphere lower layer of the atmosphere would be the thickness ofwould be the thickness of

A. the core. A. the core. B. the part of the apple we eat. B. the part of the apple we eat. C. the skin. C. the skin. D. the whole apple. D. the whole apple. E. A seed.E. A seed.

Which of the following strategies would Which of the following strategies would help protect the atmosphere?help protect the atmosphere?

A. Use a city-by-city rather than regional A. Use a city-by-city rather than regional approach to air quality control. approach to air quality control. B. Shift from renewable to more efficient B. Shift from renewable to more efficient nonrenewable energy resources. nonrenewable energy resources. C. Integrate air pollution, water pollution, C. Integrate air pollution, water pollution, energy, land-use, and population regulation energy, land-use, and population regulation policies. policies. D. Exclude social costs of air pollution from D. Exclude social costs of air pollution from pricing strategies. pricing strategies. E. Decrease use of renewable energy.E. Decrease use of renewable energy.

Most of earth's weather Most of earth's weather occurs in theoccurs in the

A. troposphere. A. troposphere. B. thermosphere. B. thermosphere. C. mesosphere. C. mesosphere. D. stratosphere. D. stratosphere. E. tropopause.E. tropopause.

Which of the following statements Which of the following statements about California air quality on about California air quality on Aug. 25, 2010, is correct?Aug. 25, 2010, is correct?A. Every California city shown on A. Every California city shown on the map had an unhealthy AQI at the map had an unhealthy AQI at some point on that day. some point on that day. B. In the early morning, most of B. In the early morning, most of California had an unhealthy AQI. California had an unhealthy AQI. C. Most of the state never reached C. Most of the state never reached a Moderate AQI on that day. a Moderate AQI on that day. D. The air quality between D. The air quality between Sacramento and Los Angeles Sacramento and Los Angeles became much worse over the became much worse over the course of the day. course of the day. E. Air quality appears to be worst E. Air quality appears to be worst along the coast of the state.along the coast of the state.

The atmospheric layer The atmospheric layer containing 75% of the mass of containing 75% of the mass of earth's air is theearth's air is the

A. thermosphere. A. thermosphere. B. mesosphere. B. mesosphere. C. stratosphere. C. stratosphere. D. troposphere. D. troposphere. E. tropopause.E. tropopause.

There is evidence that humans are There is evidence that humans are ____ ozone in the troposphere and ____ ozone in the troposphere and ____ ozone in the stratosphere.____ ozone in the stratosphere.

A. increasing. . . increasing A. increasing. . . increasing

B. increasing. . . decreasing B. increasing. . . decreasing

C. decreasing. . . decreasing C. decreasing. . . decreasing

D. decreasing. . . increasing D. decreasing. . . increasing

E. decreasing . . . steadyE. decreasing . . . steady

Human health depends on havingHuman health depends on having

A. low amounts of ozone in the troposphere A. low amounts of ozone in the troposphere and stratosphere. and stratosphere.

B. enough ozone in the stratosphere and B. enough ozone in the stratosphere and little ozone in the troposphere. little ozone in the troposphere.

C. high amounts of ozone in the C. high amounts of ozone in the troposphere and low amounts in the troposphere and low amounts in the stratosphere. stratosphere.

D. high amounts of ozone in the D. high amounts of ozone in the stratosphere. stratosphere.

E. high amounts of ozone in the E. high amounts of ozone in the troposphere.troposphere.

You are enjoying a sunny day in Los You are enjoying a sunny day in Los Angeles. In late afternoon, your Angeles. In late afternoon, your respiratory tract becomes irritated. Of respiratory tract becomes irritated. Of the following substances, the onethe following substances, the one least least likely to be causing your problem islikely to be causing your problem is

A. PANS A. PANS B. aldehydes. B. aldehydes. C. ozone. C. ozone. D. carbon dioxide. D. carbon dioxide. E. carbon monoxide.E. carbon monoxide.

The ozone layer is The ozone layer is approximately ____ approximately ____ over Antarctica than over Antarctica than it is over the it is over the surrounding areas.surrounding areas.A. 3 times as concentrated A. 3 times as concentrated B. 2 times as concentrated B. 2 times as concentrated C. 4/5 as concentrated C. 4/5 as concentrated D. 1/2 as concentrated D. 1/2 as concentrated E. 1/10 as concentratedE. 1/10 as concentrated

You send up a weather balloon that You send up a weather balloon that monitors temperature changes in the monitors temperature changes in the atmosphere. Initially, the temperature atmosphere. Initially, the temperature drops as the balloon rises. Suddenly, there drops as the balloon rises. Suddenly, there is a reversal and the temperature starts to is a reversal and the temperature starts to rise. This boundary would be therise. This boundary would be theA. the tropopause. A. the tropopause. B. the stratopause. B. the stratopause. C. the minipause. C. the minipause. D. the mesopause. D. the mesopause. E. the thermopause.E. the thermopause.