air pollution from volcanic eruptions

8/3/2019 Air Pollution From Volcanic Eruptions

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Air Pollution from VolcanicEruptions


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There are 37 volcanoes in the Philippines.

18 of them are active volcanoes. It means that an

eruption occurred in the last decennia and that anew eruption can be expected in the future.

All the other volcanoes are 'sleeping' or 'dead'

volcanoes.


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Mount Mayon

most active volcano in the Philippines

Since 1616 there were 47 eruptions.

From 1616 until 2002, at least 1300 people died and thousands of people got homeless as a result of allthe eruptions.

The most recent eruptions were in 1947, 1984 and1993. In 1993 the activity started with explosions. Itkilled 68 people and 60.000 people had to beevacuated.


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world's smallest volcano

located in Talisay and San Nicolas,

Batangas, Luzon, Philippines

1st recorded eruption was on 1572

Most violent eruptions were in 1754and 1911

There have been 33 recorded

eruptions at Taal since 1572


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Recent Activity


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One of the most important natural causes

of air pollution is volcanic eruption.


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The most problematic gases emitted in avolcanic eruption include: sulfur dioxide

carbon dioxide

hydrogen fluoride

hydrochloric acid

Besides the volcanic gases,

there is also volcanic ash.


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Volcanic eruptions can generate so much pollutinggases and ash into the air that the suns rays couldbe blocked, and land temperature in the affected area

lowered, as with the Mount Pinatubo eruption in1991.


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The sudden violence of volcanic eruptions causes

catastrophe and devastation. Various notorious

eruptions of volcanoes in the past, such as Mount

Pele, Tambora, Krakatau and Pinatubo have

demonstrated the devastating impact of volcanic

activity on nearby landscapes and communities.

Many people got killed. A big number of people

had to abandon their homes and land

forever. Even the whole world's climate waschanged for a while as a result of an eruption!


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These effects of volcanic eruptions are mostly the result of certain hazards. Volcanoes provide

different hazards during an eruption. Each

hazard poses different risks affecting different

areas.


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Pyroclastic Flows

Nues Ardentes

Volcanic Ashes

Lahars Debris Avalanches, Landslides, Tsunamis

Blast

Lava

Gas


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Pyroclastic flows


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Nue ardente When viscous magma,

containing much gas, iserupted under

reasonably low pressure,

a glowing cloud

containing ash and pumi

ce may be thrown into

the air, this cloud will

fall back onto the earth

like an avalanche before

it can cool off. Thisavalanche is called

a nue ardente.


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Lahars

are mudflows

formed by the

mixing of

volcanic particlesand water which

often cause a lot

of environmental

and economicaldamage.


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Debris avalanches


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Volcanic blast

Occurs

when magma rises

asymmetrically into the cone,

making one sector of the

volcano bulge outwards andbecome unstable.

In response to an earthquake or

to the pressure of rising magma the

flank collapses, causing debris

avalanches and/or landslides.

Because of the debris

avalanches, landslides and

explosions the magma

chamber is revealed to the open.

The sudden reduction in

pressure causes hot gases in

the magma to blast out

sideways in a huge explosion

which is followed immediately

by nues ardentes.


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Lava Flows

it burn or bury everything theycome across. They can run overhouses, roads, and any otherstructures. The speed, and thepower of the lava flow dependson the type of lava.

People rarely get killed directlyby lava. However, lava flows maystart fires which are a lot moredangerous for the environmentaround the volcano.


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Volcanic ash can lower visibility in the upperatmosphere and knock out aircraft engines.

Volcanic activity is estimated to be responsible for the

release of 130 million tonnes of carbon dioxide intothe atmosphere annually.

Atmospheric dust from volcanoes can act as a magnet

for other pollutants and water vapor, giving rise toatmospheric hazes and heavy fogs.


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Sulfur dioxide

a major ingredient of volcanic activity

primary cause of environmentally damagingacid rain

It also forms sulfuric acid mists which

causes pulmonary damage to both people and

animals.


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Hydrogen sulfide

a colorless gas with an offensive odor

causes irritation of the upper respiratorytract and pulmonary edema.


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Volcanic ash


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air pollution from volcanic eruptions

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