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AIR LIQUIDE / Lurgi

Your Partner for XtL Technologies

4th International Freiberg XtL Conference3.-6. May 2010, Dresden, Germany

Max-Michael Weiss – Director Gas Production and Gas Cleaning TechnologiesDr.-Ing. Waldemar Liebner – Director GTC Technology

2AIR LIQUIDE: The world leader in industrial and med ical gasesDresden – 4 th IFC – 2010/05/3-6

� Introduction� The Air LIQUIDE Group With Lurgi

� Air LIQUIDE Engineering and Construction

� Lurgi Technologies� References

� Food for thought:

Non-Conventional Feedstocks and Sustainable Develop ment

� Selection of XtL routes from AL / Lurgi’s Portfolio

� Conclusion

Agenda for Today


� Total Sales 2009 € 12 000 M� Customers > 1,000,000� Employees 42,300 � Companies Owned 125� Operating in Countries 75� Operating Plants > 600� Rating By Standard & Poors A+

� Weathering the Economic Crisis Well

� Ranked In The Forbes 500

� Chemical Week Worldwide 14(Ranked By Chemical Sales)

� Four Main Business Lines – Large Industry, Electronics, Healthcare, Industrial Merchant

Air LIQUIDE Today – Largest Industrial Gas Company


� Air Separation Units 409� O2 Production 132 kt/d� N2 production 97 kt/d

� Hydrogen, Syngas and Carbon Monoxide Manufacturing Units 60� H2 production > 1.1 Million m3/h� CO production 82,700 m3/h

� H2 Purification Units 20

� Cogeneration Trains 20� Electricity 1,060 MW� Steam 5,000 t/h

� Pipelines >8,500 km

AIR LIQUIDE: Large Industry in 36 Countries


Houston

Champigny

Hyderabad

Harima

Shanghai

Hangzhou

1 500 Employees in 6 Engineering Centers

E&C Cryogenics

Vitry

Engineering and Construction – World Wide Resources

Madrid

Frankfurt Krakow

Delhi

Johannesburg

Memphis

1 300 Employees in 8 Engineering Centers

Beijing

E&C Lurgi


Fertilizers

Synfuels

Chemicals

H2 for Refineries

Power

SNG

CO2

Sulfur

Natural GasShale GasCBM(all CH4)

Residue

Pet-Coke

Coal

Biomass

Turbine

Methanation

N2 Wash + H2

Fischer-Tropsch

Methanol Synthesis

Chemical SynthesisDME/MTP

Syngas for DRI

Raw Material Syngas Final Products

Sulfur Recovery

CO Cold Box

(CO2) RectisolStage 2

PSA / Membrane

CO Shift

(Sulfur)Rectisol Stage 1

ProcessesSyngas Purification

ASU

AL and Lurgi Capability

Gasification

Lurgi Technology Portfolio – Conversion Markets

SMRATRCR

(incl. ZnO)


Atlas MegaMethanol Plant, Trinidad (5,000 TPD)

Shell OxyClaus®, Houston, Texas

Selected Lurgi References in the World

KHARG Methanol Plant, Kharg, Iran


SyngasPlant

Poly-propylene

Plant

MTP®

Plant

Methanol Plant

471 kt/a Propylene

465 kt/aPolypropylene

12.3 Mio Nm³/dSyngas

185 kt/aGasoline

41 kt/aLPG

CoalCoal Gasification

Syngas Plant

1.97 Mt/a 11.3 Mio Nm³/d HyCO 1,667kt/a MeOH

Two Complete Methanol to Propylene Complexes

Shenhua, Ningmei: CO-Shift, Rectisol, OxyClaus, Methanol , Propylene,

Datang, Inner Mongolia: Rectisol, OxyClaus, Methanol , Propylene

New Lurgi Technology References


41% of Total Global Gasification Capacity

75% of Global Coal Gasification Capacity

Source: GTC 2005

China 7

South Africa 80

USA 14

Shanxi-Tianji Coal Chemical Company, Shanxi

Sasol Synfuels, Secunda

Yima Coal Gasification , Henan

Dakota Gasification Company (DGC)Beulah, North Dakota (SNG)

101 Lurgi Gasifiers in Operation and the Only Large SNG Plant

Selected Lurgi References in the World


� Available by Air Liquide and Lurgi� Air Gases

• ASU, Vacuum Swing Adsorption, Membranes� Syngas Generation

• Steam Methane Reforming• Auto-thermal Reforming• Gasification (Solids and Residues)

� Syngas Purification• Cryogenic Separation of H2 and CO• PSA, Membranes• Rectisol, Purisol, Omnisulf, Aquisulf

� End Products• Methanol, DME, MTP, Synthetic Natural Gas• Fischer Tropsch• Petrochemicals, Aromatics, • Bio-Products

� By-Products• Sulfur – Sulfur Recovery Units, Oxy-Claus• Carbon Dioxide Recovery and Purification

� Integration of any Process in any Plant

Technology / Engineering / Equipment


Food for thought:

Natural Gas and Non-Conventional Feedstocks (shale gas, CBM)

and Sustainable Development


-statement: The Challenge Now Is Building Demand for Natural Gas in a Carbon Constrained World

The natural gas resource base, particularly with the worldwide pursuit of gas shales and unconventional gas, is large. It could provide lower CO2emissions options for power generation and possibly for transportation than from continued use of coal and oil.

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

Coal Natural Gas

# of CO2/kw

h

0.99(32% E)*

0.75(43% E)*

0.34(54% E)*

Source: EnCana 2009

CO2/SO2 Emissions

by Fuel Type (lbs/BBtu)

CO2 Emissions for

Electricity (lbs/kWh)

*E - - efficiency of the power plant


(e)3,760

2,100

790

300

320

250

Resource

Endowment

(Tcf)

302Woodford

1301Haynesville

200-Marcellus

45025Total

503Fayetteville

4019Barnett

Undeveloped

Recoverable

Resource

(Tcf)*

Produced/

Proved

Reserves

(Tcf)*

Five of the “Magnificent Seven” gas

shale plays are in the Eastern U.S.

Eastern U.S. Gas Shale BasinsEastern U.S. Gas Shale Basins

Source: Advanced Resources International


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

An

nu

al

Pro

du

ctio

n (

Dry

, B

cf/

d)

Other Barnett Fayettevi l le Woodford Marcel lus

Haynes vi l le Montney Horn River

How Much Do Gas Shales Contribute Today?How Much Do Gas Shales Contribute Today?

JAF2009059.XLS

(e)

Production from North American gas shales has gown by ten-fold during this decade and is expected to exceed 11 Bcfd (320 Mcmd) this coming year.

U.S. 2000 2009 (e) 2010 (e)(Bcfd) (Bcfd) (Bcfd)

Haynesville - 0.9 1.6Marcellus - 0.2 0.7Woodford - 0.5 0.7Fayetteville - 1.4 1.8Barnett 0.2 4.6 4.8Other 0.9 0.8 0.8

Sub-Total 1.1 8.5 10.4

CanadaMontney - 0.6 0.8Horn River - 0.1 0.2

Sub-Total 0.7 1.0

Total 1.1 9.2 11.4



JAF02052.CDR

Are Gas Shales Economically Affordable?

With a new understanding of supply costs, unconventional gas and particularly the higher quality gas shales make up the low costportion of today’s North American natural gas price/supply curve.

Prior PerceptionPrior Perception New UnderstandingNew Understanding

Gas Resources Gas Resources

Gas

Pric

es

Gas

Pric

es

ConventionalGas

UnconventionalGas (Gas Shale)

UnconventionalGas (Gas Shales)

ConventionalGas



• CBM: 1,270 Tcf GIP. Over 3,000 drilled wells; horizontal CBM wells show promise in the Qinshui Basin.

• Tight Gas: Producing >400 MMcfd from the Ordos Basin.

• Recently, Shell and PetroChina signed an agreement to appraise the gas shale basins of Sichuan.

BAOTOU

Yinchuan

Hohhot

Datong

XIAN

TAIYUANYulin

Yanan

ZHENGZHOU

I N N E R M O N G O L I A

N I N G X I A

S H A A N X I

H E N A N

S H A N X I

GA

NS

U

JAF02053.CDR

105o

105o

o40

o35

Y e l l o wR i v e r

R i v e r

W e i

1:5,000,000

O r d o s

B a s i nQ i n s h u i

B a s i n

0 100

km

T a i d o n g

B a s i n s

ChinaChina ’’s CBM, Tight Gas and s CBM, Tight Gas and Gas Shale Resources Gas Shale Resources

Are Large and ChallengingAre Large and Challenging




� Feedstocks Dependency� Availability

� Cost

� Energy Diversity

� Technological Advancements for Their Use

� Carbon Dioxide Emission Mitigation Policies

� Political Willingness and Determination

� Can Be As Complex or As Simple as People Can Make It

� Examples• United States – Liberal Market Policies

• China – Directed Policies

No Such Things as Non-Conventional Feedstocks!


� Politics/Policy – Beyond the Scope of This Presentat ion!!!

� Using the Right Processes – for Which Products?

� Feedstock Issues• Availability and Costs

• Applicable Technology

• Life-Cycle Assessments

� Pre Emissions Issues – Designing For Energy Efficien cy and Feedstock Utilization

� Operational Efficiency – Start-ups/Shutdowns and Ste ady State Issues

� Post Emissions Treatment /Issues• Capture Technology – The Right Choice for the Right Process and Right Application

• Agglomeration of Sources

• Sequestration – Not as Easy as It Sounds

� Business Models� Management of Risks – Contractual Obligations Are No t Defined Anywhere in the World

How Can We Deal With Carbon Dioxide Emissions?


Air LIQUIDE

Lurgi Cleaning

Synthesis Gas

(CO + H2)

Pilot Fast-Pyrolysis Plant In Karlsruhe, Germany

Converts 500 Kg/Hr Biomass.

SyntheticHydrocarbons

MPG Gasificationor

Oxy-Combustion

Bio-OilLurgi Fast Pyrolysis Technology

Lurgi

Fischer-Tropsch

or Chemical

Processes

Decentralized

Fast-PyrolysisBiomass

Processes - Biomass to Liquids (BTL) Concept and Tec hnology


� There is a World Wide Willingness to Use Biomass as a Feedstock, but Several Issues Prevent It From Being Universally Applicable or More Commercial

� Political Support – Indecision, Fleeting and Unrelia ble, Long Term Support?

� Besides Concerns on Land/Food Limits There are Othe r Issues That Must Be Addressed

• Long Term Availability of Feedstock

• Communication and Education Required to Fend Off Ve sted Interests

� Logistics of Collection, Transport and Use

• Single Largest Problem Needing Resolution

• Impacts Scale and Economics

� Cost Versus Alternatives

• The Price of Crude Is a Constant Constraint/Threat

� Technological Applicability

• Preparation of Biomass for Processes

• Gasification/Syngas Production and Syngas Cleaning

• Downstream Processing

� Life Cycle Assessment

• Can be Controversial and Methodologies Not Coherent

Processes - Biomass Usage Realities


Natural GasGrid


Feed

Preparation

Pet-Cokeand/or

Residue

Processes - Pet-Coke / Residue to Liquids (P/RTL), S NG or Power

MethanationLurgi SNG

Air LIQUIDE

Lurgi Cleaning

Synthesis Gas

(CO + H2)MPG Gasification

orOxy-Combustion

Lurgi

Fischer-Tropsch

or Chemical

Processes

Sulfur as a By-Product


Processes - Pet-Coke / Residue Realities – After Many Studies!

� Pet-coke and Residue Gasification is Easier to do t han Biomass Gasification

� Feedstocks are Available in India, but….

� There is a Need for Government Support for Power Pr oduction

• Government Tariffs or Financing Guarantees

• When Will These Be Available, Although Governments Understand The Need

� Value Added Products Need to be Manufactured

� Which Chemical Markets Addressed – Do Alternative So urces Exist and at What Price?

� Variability of Crude Price Must be Taken into Accou nt

� Alternatives for Pet-coke Exist – Cement Industry/Co nventional Power.

� Pricing Variability Must Be Considered By Producer/ User

� Alternatives still (!) Exist for Residues – Bunker(s) and Power Production

� Carbon Dioxide Mitigation Policies Required

� Where Will Carbon Dioxide Be Collected

• Syngas Cleaning Process

• Chemical Process

• Power Production – H2/N2 Stream or Use SNG Process

� Trends Seem to Support Use of These Feedstocks, But CAPEX Issues Force Many Project Developers to Reconsider…So Far!


Natural GasGrid


Feed

Preparation

High Ash Coal

Processes - High Ash Coal to Liquids CTX, SNG or Pow er

MethanationLurgi SNG

Air LIQUIDE

Lurgi Cleaning

Synthesis Gas

(CO + H2)FBDBGasification

Lurgi

Fischer-Tropsch

or Chemical

Processes

Sulfur as a By-Product


Fertilizers

Synfuels

Chemicals

H2 for Refineries

Power

SNG

CO2

Sulfur

Natural GasShale GasCBM(all CH4)

Residue

Pet-Coke

Coal

Biomass

Turbine

Methanation

N2 Wash + H2

Fischer-Tropsch

Methanol Synthesis

Chemical SynthesisDME/MTP

Syngas for DRI

Raw Material Syngas Final Products

Sulfur Recovery

CO Cold Box

(CO2) RectisolStage 2

PSA / Membrane

CO Shift

(Sulfur)Rectisol Stage 1

ProcessesSyngas Purification

ASU

AL and Lurgi Capability

Gasification

Lurgi Technology Portfolio – Conversion Markets – XtL ++

SMRATRCR

(incl. ZnO)


� The Air LIQUIDE and Lurgi Combination Provides an U nprecedented Offer to Customers

� From Technology to Engineering to Operations and En vironmental Stewardship

� The Customer Has The Freedom and Choice to Use Any or All of the Offerings of Air LIQUIDE and Lurgi �� Any X to many Ls

� Non-Conventional Feedstocks (like shale gas, CBM, …) Are Only a Matter of Definition

� Availability Must be Coupled to Cost and Technologi es That Can Bring Value

� Biomass – Desired by Many, But Carries With it Costs and The re are Still Considerable Obstacles for Widespread Commercializa tion

� Pet-coke and Residues – Much More Available and Used, Although Value Added Products Must be Manufactured to Offset High Prices, Volatility and On-Stream Factors

� Low Rank Coal – Can Become a Real Feedstock for Petrochemical Use, Although Environmental Footprint Must be Addressed

� Carbon Dioxide Mitigation Must Be Looked at From a Holistic Perspective –Technology, Business Model, Contractual Obligations , Community Involvement

� Air LIQUIDE's and Lurgi’s Experiences Can Help You Navigate the Terrain

Conclusions


Thank You

Max-Michael WeissDirector Gas Production and Gas Purification TechnologiesLurgi GmbHLurgiallee 560439 Frankfurt am Main, [email protected]

Office: +49 69 5808 3452

Dr.-Ing. Waldemar LiebnerDirector GTC TechnologyLurgi GmbHLurgiallee 560439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

[email protected]

Office: +49 69 5808 3799

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