air and aerodynamics an eson presentation by don cheeseman
TRANSCRIPT
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Air and Aerodynamics
An
ESON PresentationBy Don Cheeseman
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Grade 6 Air Objectives 1
1. Conduct tests of a model parachute design, and identify design changes to improve the effectiveness of the design.
2. Describe the design of a hot-air balloon and the principles by which its rising and falling are controlled.
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Grade 6 Air Objectives 2
3. Describe and demonstrate instances in which air movement across a surface results in lift— Bernoulli’s principle.
4. Recognize that in order for devices or living things to fly, they must have sufficient lift to overcome the downward force of gravity.
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Grade 6 Air Objectives 3
5. Identify adaptations that enable birds and insects to fly.
6. Describe the means of propulsion for flying animals and for aircraft
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Grade 6 Air Objectives 4
7. Recognize that streamlining reduces drag, and predict the effects of specific design changes on the drag of a model aircraft or aircraft components.
8. Recognize that air is composed of different gases, and identify evidence for different gases.
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Grade 6 Air Objectives 5
7. Recognize that streamlining reduces drag, and predict the effects of specific design changes on the drag of a model aircraft or aircraft components.
8. Recognize that air is composed of different gases, and identify evidence for different gases.
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Aerodynamics Objectives 1
1. Conduct tests of a model parachute design, and identify design changes to improve the effectiveness of the design.
2. Describe the design of a hot-air balloon and the principles by which its rising and falling are controlled.
3. Conduct tests of glider designs; and modify a design so that a glider will go further, stay up longer or fly in a desired way; e.g., fly in a loop, turn to the right.
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Aerodynamics Objectives 24. Recognize the importance of stability and
control to aircraft flight; and design, construct and test control surfaces.
5. Apply appropriate vocabulary in referring to control surfaces and major components of an aircraft. This vocabulary should include: wing, fuselage, vertical and horizontal stabilizers, elevators, ailerons, rudder.
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Aerodynamics Objectives 3
6. Construct and test propellers and other devices for propelling a model aircraft.
7. Describe differences in design between aircraft and spacecraft, and identify reasons for the design differences.
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Meeting Air Objectives 1
1. Conduct tests of a model parachute design, and identify design changes to improve the effectiveness of the design.
• Possible method use a plastic bag, thread and a paperclip.
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Possible Parachute
Plastic Bag with handles cut off
4or 6 threads
Paper clips
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Possible Parachute
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Air Objectives 1 a
Describe the design of a hot-air balloon and the principles by which its rising and falling are controlled.
• Air must be hotter in the balloon than outside• Hot air expands and takes more space so is
lighter for a given volume.• Try to use parachute as hot air balloon and heat
with a hair drier.
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Possible hot air balloon Plastic Bag with handles cut off
4 threads
Paper clipsBlow hot air into bag
to see it rise
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Air Objectives 2
3. Describe and demonstrate instances in which air movement across a surface results in lift— Bernoulli’s principle.
• Blow over the top of a strip of paper and it will rise. — Bernoulli’s principle
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Air Objectives 2
3. Recognize that in order for devices or living things to fly, they must have sufficient lift to overcome the downward force of gravity.
• Bird and bats have movable wing that change shape during flight to maximize efficiency.
• Some insects have very thin strong wings that beat very fast.
• Over 400 time a second for mosquitoes.
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Four Forces
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Air Objectives 3
6. Describe the means of propulsion for flying animals and for aircraft.
• Birds and insects flap wings and use thermal rising air to fly.
• Flying squirrels glide down not fly.
• Plane push air backward over fixed wing with prop or jet engine.
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Excess thrust
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Air Objectives 4
7.Recognize that streamlining reduces drag, and predict the effects of specific design changes on the drag of a model aircraft or aircraft components.
• The parts that catches on the air cause drag.
• Put hand out window of fast moving car and experiment with the different hand shapes.
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Excess thrust
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Air Objectives 4
8. Recognize that air is composed of different gases, and identify evidence for different gases.
• Nitrogen, N2 78.08%• Oxygen, O2 20.95%• Argon, Ar 0.93%• Carbon dioxide, CO2 0.033%• Other rare gasses
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Aerodynamics Objectives 24. Recognize the importance of stability and
control to aircraft flight; and design, construct and test control surfaces.
• Fly small plane in Flight Simulator
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Aerodynamics Objectives 2 5. Apply appropriate vocabulary in referring
to control surfaces and major components of an aircraft. This vocabulary should include: wing, fuselage, vertical and horizontal stabilizers, elevators, ailerons, rudder.
• See control surfaces on planes
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Aerodynamics Objectives 3
6. Construct and test propellers and other devices for propelling a model aircraft.
• Note thrust of propeller on model• Max thrust is at the tip as it goes faster• Note propeller in fans at home
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Aerodynamics Objectives 3
7. Describe differences in design between aircraft and spacecraft, and identify reasons for the design differences.
• Aircraft need air to lift them and to provide oxygen for the engine
• Spaceships do not need air for lift or the engine they pushed along by the gases pushing away from them.
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Aerodynamics Objectives 1
1. Conduct tests of a model parachute design, and identify design changes to improve the effectiveness of the design.
• Weight to drag ratio will effect descent
• Modern parachutes are really inflatable wing and work much better than the old dome shaped parachutes.
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Aerodynamics Objectives 1
3. Conduct tests of glider designs; and modify a design so that a glider will go further, stay up longer or fly in a desired way; e.g., fly in a loop, turn to the right.
• Lift to weight ratio should be high
• Sail a glider on Flight Simulator software
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Aerodynamics Objectives 24. Recognize the importance of stability and
control to aircraft flight; and design, construct and test control surfaces.
• Fly small aircraft and glider in Flight Simulator
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Aerodynamics Objectives 2
5. Apply appropriate vocabulary in referring to control surfaces and major components of an aircraft.
• This vocabulary should include: wing, fuselage, vertical and horizontal stabilizers, elevators, ailerons, rudder.
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How does an airplane take off? 1
• When an aircraft moves into the wind, the wings cut the airflow in half.
• Some air travels above the wing, some air travels below the wing.
• Plane wings are build to be curved on top and flat on the bottom.
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How does an airplane take off? 2
• The wind, or air stream, flowing over the wing travels a different path from air traveling under the wing.
• This difference in the path of the wind, creates lower air pressure above the wing. The higher air pressure under the wing lifts the plane into the air creating lift.
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Lift 1
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The lift equation
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Newton’s third law
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How does an airplane take off? 3
• When there is enough lift to overcome gravity, the plane takes off.
• All the time, the plane is being slowed down by having to push through the air.
• This is called drag, and the engines have to overcome it.
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Lift Lift theoryLift theory
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How does an airplane take off? 4
• As long as the plane continues to move forward at a fast enough speed, the plane continues to fly.
• Planes use engines to move quickly down the runway to create the lift for take off.
• Helicopters rotate their wings (or blades). The rotating motion forces air past the wings creating lift.
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Lift Lift theoryLift theory
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Experiment with Flight
• 1. Make a Wing
• Material required: – (Paper, tape, thread, needle, and pencil)
• Cut the paper 15 cm x 5 cm
• Fold the paper 8 cm
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Experiment with Flight 2
• Roll the longer end of the paper evenly around the pencil to make it bulge.
• Tape the ends of the paper together so that it creates a wing shape (flat on the bottom, and curved on the top).
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Experiment with Flight 3
• Thread the needle and push the thread through the wing, about a third of the way back from the curved end.
• Remove the needle from the thread.
• Hold both ends of the thread and blow over the front end of wing.
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Experiment with Flight 4
• The air flowing over the wing, creates lower air pressure above the wing,
• so it rises up on the thread
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Experiment with Flight 5
• Experiment with two balls• Material required: (two ping pong balls, thread,
tape, drinking straw)• Cut two pieces of thread.• Tape a piece to each ping pong ball.• Hang them from a doorway so they are about the
height of your mouth and the distance between the balls is 2 cm (or 3/4 of an inch).
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Experiment with Flight 6
• Use the straw to blow on one ball.
• The distance between the two balls increases.
• Now try aiming the air between the two balls.
• Watch what happens?
• Why?
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Air and Aerodynamics
The end
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Extra information and
resources
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Four Forces
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Excess thrust
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Lift 1
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Lift Lift theoryLift theory
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Factors that effect lift
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The lift equation
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Newton’s third law
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Free falling Objects
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Motion Of a free falling Object
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Forces on Falling Objects
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Terminal Velocity