aim: how do ecosystems change over time? area -...
TRANSCRIPT
Name: ____________________________________________
Mr. LaFranca’s - Period ___________ Date: _____________________
Aim: How do ecosystems change over time?
Do Now: In I Am Legend, Will Smith’s character is the last man in an abandoned
NYC. Why do you think grass is overtaking (growing over top of) the middle of Manhattan?
1) ________________________________________________________________________________
• Major Climate Change (____________________)
• Natural Disasters (_____________________________________)
• Disease (__________________________)
• Pollution (__________________________________________)
• Human Influence (___________________________________)
• Most of the time, life doesn’t end _________________________.
• The damage ecosystem usually ___________________________.
• This “starting over” involves many stages of __________________
______________________________________________________.
• This pattern of growth is known as _____________________.
• Primary Succession
- Succession that occurs where there are ______________________.
There is ____________________________.
• Secondary Succession
- Succession that occurs where there is ___________________________
___________________________________________________________
What are some
causes of major
changes (or
disruptions) in
an ecosystem?
What happens
when an
ecosystem is
disturbed?
Two Types of
Succession
Biology - Note Packet #55
Stamp
Area
The entire _____________________________ and has to start over!
• Volcanoes cover the soil with _______________________. When
these cool a ________________________________________________.
• As glaciers move, __________________________________________.
• Humans cover soil with _____________________________________.
• Ecological Succession – A series of ____________________________
______________________________________________________________
•
•
• Usually the changes are part of a recovery from a ________________
_________________________________________
• Plants need _____________________________.
• If the land is stripped of soil, _________________________________
______________________________________.
• As cracks form in the rock, seeds carried by ____________________
_____________________________________________________________.
What may an
ecosystem look
like right after a
disturbance?
Ecological
Succession
How does
succession work?
• As they grow they continue to _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
• The first plants to grow are the “____________________________”
• Pioneer Species – __________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
• This organism is usually __________________ because it is an
autotrophic organisms that can live of minerals in rocks; _______________
_______________.
• Once soil starts to form, other plants can grow; _________________
________________________________________.
• These plants arrive from seeds transport there by _______________.
• As the soil _______________, more and more __________ of plants
grow.
• These new plants eventually _________________________________
__________________________________________________________.
• Succession always begins with simple plants (________________) and
climax (end) with complex plants (____________________)
• ______________________________
• ______________________________
• ______________________________
• ______________________________
• ______________________________
Pioneer Species
How does
succession
work? (cont)
The order of
plants in
Ecological
succession
• ___________________, a community of plants and animals that has
reached an _________________________________________________.
• The climax community is composed of species
___________________ to average conditions in that local area.
If the climax community was an oak forest, and it was destroyed; in about
150 years it would return back into the ______________________
Questions:
1. Shawangunk Grasslands National Wildlife Refuge has been developed from an
abandoned airport to restore habitat for six species of birds that require an area
rich in tall grasses. Workers must continually remove trees that are beginning to
invade the area as a result of
A) direct harvesting
B) genetic engineering
C) evolutionary change
D) ecological succession
2. Events that occur in four different ecosystems are shown in the chart below.
Which ecosystem would most likely require the most time for ecological succession to
restore it to its original state?
A) A B) B C) C D) D
Climax
community
Important!!!!
3. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows the
sequence of plant communities that have occupied land that was left barren 300 years
ago, and on your knowledge of biology.
Which plant species represent pioneer organisms?
A) broomsedge and pine seedlings B) ragweed and aster
C) crabgrass and horseweed D) oak and hickory trees
4. Base your answer to the following question on the chart below.
Which stage represents a pioneer community?
A) A B) B C) C D) D
5. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your
knowledge of biology
The lichens and mosses can be classified as
A) a pioneer community
B) abiotic factors
C) a climax community
D) a population
6. Changes in an ecosystem over a long period of time are shown in the diagram
below.
These changes will most likely lead to a
A) stable ecosystem that can last for many years
B) loss of heterotrophs that cannot be recovered
C) long-term rise in environmental temperatures
D) forest consisting of only producers and decomposers
7. The diagram below represents the various stages of ecological succession in New
York State.
If the ecosystem is not altered, which stage would be the most stable?
A) grass B) shrub C) pine forest D) hardwood forest
8. What is a characteristic of a stable environment?
A) It usually contains only one type of producer.
B) It usually contains a great diversity of species.
C) It contains simple food chains that have more consumers than producers.
D) It contains complex food webs that have more heterotrophs than autotrophs.
9. An ecological process is represented below.
Which statement describes an event in this process?
A) Community B modifies the environment, making it suitable for community C.
B) Community D modifies the environment, making it suitable for community C.
C) Community E will develop into community A, if the environment remains stable.
D) Community A organisms will develop directly into community D organisms.
10. Over a long period of time, the stages represented in the diagram below were each
present in a particular ecosystem.
After a forest fire, what is the most likely order in which these stages appeared?
A) D C A B B) B D C A
C) A B C D D) B C D A
This diagram can be used to illustrate the
A) effects of reduced competition between different types of plant life
B) effect of human intervention on a stable ecosystem
C) ecological succession from bare rock to stable ecosystem
D) evolution of mosses to trees over 200 years
11. This diagram below represents a process that occurs in nature.
A) The mature forest will most likely be stable over a long period of time.
B) If all the weeds and grasses are destroyed, the number of carnivores will increase.
C) As the population of the shrubs increases, it will be held in check by the mature forest
community.
D) The young forest community will invade and take over the mature forest community.
12. Which statement best describes one of the stages represented in the diagram
below?
A) The mature forest will most likely be stable over a long period of time.
B) If all the weeds and grasses are destroyed, the number of carnivores will increase.
C) As the population of the shrubs increases, it will be held in check by the mature forest
community.
D) The young forest community will invade and take over the mature forest community.