1Aicent, Inc. Proprietary

Zidan LianDirector of Product Management

Aicent, Inc.

Current Outstanding CRXData Clearing

Interim Accounting Implementation Disputes

2Aicent, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential

Bridging the Mobile World TMOutstanding Issues in CRX Data Clearing

Different accounting algorithm Unsynchronized data validation rules Interim accounting support difference Different records processing rules Miss-matched rounding options

Lack of reconciliation process

3Aicent, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential

Bridging the Mobile World TM

Interim Accounting 101

Start 1 Up1 Up2 Up3 Up5Up4Stop 1 Start 2

Short Session 1 = Accounting session defined in CDG documents Short Session 2

Long Session = Session defined in 3GPP2One long session consists of all records sharing the same correlation_ID

Interim accounting RADIUS UP records

Stop 2

Short session STOP Session continue indicator = 1

Long session STOP or FINAL STOP

Session continue indicator = 0

“Long Session” consists of multiple accounting sessions (“short sessions”) that share the same correlation IDWhen no AAA records are lost, no disputes and problem:

Volume_of_Long-Session = Volume_Stop-1 + Volume_Stop-2

4Aicent, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential

Bridging the Mobile World TMTwo Major Accounting

AlgorithmsAccounting algorithm-1 recognizes interim accounting records Count every accounting UDR records including

interim accounting UP records until the FINAL STOP record is received

Accounting algorithm-2 does not recognize interim accounting records Interim UP records will be discarded Count a session only if the FINAL STOP is received

Should a short session STOP is lost, the volume of the entire short session will not be counted

Should a long session STOP – FINAL STOP is lost, the volume of the entire long session will not be counted

5Aicent, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential

Bridging the Mobile World TMDifference When FINAL STOP Is Missing

Interim Accounting is more accurate to prevent the revenue loss from START-1 to UP5 when STOP-2 (the FINAL STOP of the long session) is missing

Start 1 Up1 Up2 Up3 Up5Up4 Stop2Stop 1 Start 2

Short Session 1 Short Session 2

Long Session

Algorithm-1 Volume= STOP-1 + UP-5

Algorithm-2 Volume = 0

FINAL STOPIs lost

6Aicent, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential

Bridging the Mobile World TM

When Short Session STOP Is Missing

Short Session is more accurate to prevent the revenue loss from START-1 to STOP-1 when STOP-1 (the short session stop) is missing

Start 1 Up1 Up2 Up3 Up4Up5Stop1 Stop 2Start 2

Short Session 1 Short Session 2

Long Session

Algorithm-1 Volume= UP-3 + STOP-2

Algorithm-2 Volume = STOP-2

STOP 1Is lost

7Aicent, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential

Bridging the Mobile World TM CDG IRT SpecificationCDG document implicitly requires CRX support interim accounting

CDG Doc 94: The CRX provider shall perform UDR accommodation; that is, if a packet data session prolongs more than one day, the daily usage volume shall be calculated from the latest UDR of the current day and the latest UDR of the previous day. If the Accounting Stop record is not founded in a day, the latest Interim-Update record shall be used to determine the session of each day.

Start Up1 Up2 Up3 Up4 Up5 Stop

100byte

200byte

300byte

400byte

500byte

600byte

700byte

July 14 July 15 July 16

300byte

Up4 Up1- =200byte

Up1 = Stop 200byteUp4- =

To July ReconciliationTo August

reconciliation

8Aicent, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential

Bridging the Mobile World TM

Significance?We once observed as much as ~2% missing STOPs early 2008

We observed as much as 0.57% missing FINAL STOPs on one roaming route between Jan 1st 2009 and Jan 15th 2009

Mobile Operators shall make a decision on whether they would prefer an algorithm counting all UDRs Aicent believes all accounting records matter

from serving operator’s point of view