Tuesday, January 16, 2010Tuesday, January 16, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. The Dust Bowl Agree DisagreeAgree Disagree 1. The Dust Bowl Agree Disagree ____ ____ was caused by the ____ ________ ____ was caused by the ____ ____

lack of Swiffer Dusters in houses lack of Swiffer Dusters in houses in the Midwest. in the Midwest.

____ ____ 2. The three R’s ____ _________ ____ 2. The three R’s ____ _____in FDR’s reform program in FDR’s reform program

were relief, recovery, and reform.were relief, recovery, and reform.

Wednesday, January 17, 2010Wednesday, January 17, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. Benito Agree Disagree 1. Benito Agree DisagreeAgree Disagree ____ ____ Mussolini was ____ ____ Mussolini was ____ ____ ____ ____

was the leader of Italy was the leader of Italy

____ ____ 2. Joseph Stalin ____ _________ ____ 2. Joseph Stalin ____ _____began the Nazi party. began the Nazi party.

Thursday, January 18, 2010Thursday, January 18, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. The bombing Agree DisagreeAgree Disagree 1. The bombing Agree Disagree ____ ____ of Pearl Harbor ____ ________ ____ of Pearl Harbor ____ ____

is the incident that caused theis the incident that caused theUnited States to become United States to become involved in World War II.involved in World War II.

____ ____ 2. Midway is the ____ _________ ____ 2. Midway is the ____ _____turning point of the war inturning point of the war inRussia.Russia.

Friday, January 19, 2010Friday, January 19, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. The Dust Bowl Agree DisagreeAgree Disagree 1. The Dust Bowl Agree Disagree ____ ____ was caused by the ____ ________ ____ was caused by the ____ ____

lack of Swiffer Dusters in houses lack of Swiffer Dusters in houses in the Midwest. in the Midwest.

____ ____ 2. The rationing ____ _________ ____ 2. The rationing ____ _____system limited the use of system limited the use of certain critical foods andcertain critical foods and

materials during WWII.materials during WWII.

AHSGE Chapter 9AHSGE Chapter 9The Great Depression and WorldThe Great Depression and World War IIWar II

Causes of the Great DepressionCauses of the Great Depression

October 29, 1929October 29, 1929 – stock market crashed, millions of – stock market crashed, millions of dollars were lost, banks closed, workers lost their jobs dollars were lost, banks closed, workers lost their jobs and unemployment skyrocketed. and unemployment skyrocketed.

This led to a long period of highThis led to a long period of high unemployment and increased unemployment and increased poverty called thepoverty called the Great DepressionGreat Depression. .

Collapse of the Farm EconomyCollapse of the Farm EconomyDuring the 1920s and 1930s During the 1920s and 1930s farmers produced more food farmers produced more food than consumers need. than consumers need. Food prices fellFood prices fell and many and manyfarmers farmers declared bankruptcydeclared bankruptcy..

A A droughtdrought developed between 1933 and 1936. developed between 1933 and 1936. The soil became very dry. The soil became very dry. Huge winds blew the Huge winds blew the top soil awaytop soil away. Farmers called this experience . Farmers called this experience and these lands the and these lands the Dust BowlDust Bowl. Thousands . Thousands moved from the farmland and moved to the moved from the farmland and moved to the Pacific Coast looking for work.Pacific Coast looking for work.

President Hoover’s AdministrationPresident Hoover’s Administration People who were out of People who were out of work set up shantytowns work set up shantytowns of tents and shacks calledof tents and shacks calledHoovervillesHoovervilles after then after then Republican PresidentRepublican PresidentHerbert HooverHerbert Hoover. . A group of WWI veterans wanting their war A group of WWI veterans wanting their war

bonuses early marched on Washington bonuses early marched on Washington demanding payment. They set up shacks near demanding payment. They set up shacks near the White House until they were paid. the White House until they were paid. Hoover sent in troops to break up the camp. Hoover sent in troops to break up the camp. Soldiers killed four people and the public Soldiers killed four people and the public blamed Hoover. Democrats won next election. blamed Hoover. Democrats won next election.

Roosevelt’s New DealRoosevelt’s New DealFranklin D. RooseveltFranklin D. Roosevelt became the new became the new president and instituted a series of federal president and instituted a series of federal policies and programs to boost the economy policies and programs to boost the economy and put unemployed people to work. This and put unemployed people to work. This legislation is known as legislation is known as The New DealThe New Deal. .

It was based onIt was based on three three R’s:R’s: Relief, RecoveryRelief, Recovery and Reformand Reform..

CHUNK #1CHUNK #1 The New DealThe New DealTurn to page 124. Graphic Organizer – Pick Turn to page 124. Graphic Organizer – Pick

three programs from the New Deal, and three programs from the New Deal, and answer the following questions for each. answer the following questions for each.

Name of program Explanation of programName of program Explanation of program Who did the program Who did the program helpedhelped

1.1.

2. 2.

3.3.

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New DealFranklin D. Roosevelt’s New DealAgricultural Adjustment ActAgricultural Adjustment Act – gave – gaveloans to farmers and government paid farmers not loans to farmers and government paid farmers not to grow crops so foodto grow crops so foodprices would go up. prices would go up. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) – TVA built – TVA built hydroelectric dams to hydroelectric dams to bring affordable (cheap) electric powerbring affordable (cheap) electric power to the South including Alabama. to the South including Alabama. Social Security Act (SSA)Social Security Act (SSA) – guaranteed pension – guaranteed pension plan (retirement income) for all workers plan (retirement income) for all workers at age 65.at age 65.

Fair Labor Standards ActFair Labor Standards Act – raised the minimum – raised the minimum wage, set max for work hours and ended child labor wage, set max for work hours and ended child labor under age 16. under age 16.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) – provided – provided employment for unmarriedemployment for unmarriedmen between the ages of 17 and 23.men between the ages of 17 and 23.They worked in the national parks system.They worked in the national parks system.

Federal Deposit Insurance CorporationFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)(FDIC) – – insured depositors up to $100,000 in case of bank insured depositors up to $100,000 in case of bank failure. This increased public confidence in banks. failure. This increased public confidence in banks.

Works Progress AdministrationWorks Progress Administration – provided – provided government funded projects to hire the unemployed. government funded projects to hire the unemployed.

Totalitarianism Totalitarianism Totalitarian governments have Totalitarian governments have one one political partypolitical party or group which maintains or group which maintains complete controlcomplete control under a dictatorship and under a dictatorship and bans all others. bans all others.

ItalyItalyBenito MussoliniBenito Mussolini – – leader of leader of Italy whose political ideas Italy whose political ideas were known as were known as fascismfascism. .

JapanJapan

HirohitoHirohito-- Emperor of Japan Emperor of Japan

In 1931, the Japanese army without In 1931, the Japanese army without any authority from the Japanese any authority from the Japanese government government invaded the province of invaded the province of ManchuriaManchuria. Military leaders then . Military leaders then established their own national cabinet established their own national cabinet and dispensed with democracy. and dispensed with democracy.

GermanyGermany

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler – Nazi party’s – Nazi party’s FuhrerFuhrer (leader). (leader).

Claimed Claimed Aryan raceAryan race (Caucasian people of non- (Caucasian people of non-Jewish descent) were superior and deserved to Jewish descent) were superior and deserved to conquer others. conquer others.

Blamed all of Germany’s problems on the Jews Blamed all of Germany’s problems on the Jews and those nations that imposed the war and those nations that imposed the war reparations at the Treaty of Versailles. reparations at the Treaty of Versailles.

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin – leader who – leader who believed in believed in SocialismSocialism (political (politicalidea where the state was in idea where the state was in charge of everything and charge of everything and peasant farmers worked on collective farms). peasant farmers worked on collective farms). Purged Communist Party and military of anyone Purged Communist Party and military of anyone he considered disloyal to him. Between 1.5 million he considered disloyal to him. Between 1.5 million and 7 million Soviet citizens were arrested and and 7 million Soviet citizens were arrested and executed in this purge. executed in this purge.

Rejection of PeaceRejection of Peace

Kellogg-Briand Peace PactKellogg-Briand Peace Pact – –agreement of 63 countries to promise to agreement of 63 countries to promise to use negotiations rather than war to use negotiations rather than war to resolve political differences except for resolve political differences except for cases of self-defense.cases of self-defense.

Even though Italy, Germany and Japan Even though Italy, Germany and Japan signed the Peace Pact they continued to signed the Peace Pact they continued to exert their influence beyond their exert their influence beyond their borders through war. borders through war.

Countries involved in World War IICountries involved in World War II

Japanese AggressionJapanese AggressionInvasion of Manchuria and Invasion of Manchuria and control of major cities along the control of major cities along the Chinese coast. Chinese coast.

Italian AggressionItalian AggressionMussolini attacked Ethiopia in 1935. Mussolini attacked Ethiopia in 1935. Signed an anti-communist pact with Signed an anti-communist pact with Germany and Japan thus forming the Germany and Japan thus forming the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo AxisRome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis..

German AggressionGerman AggressionHitler moved German troops into the Hitler moved German troops into the Rhineland Rhineland violating the Treaty of Versaillesviolating the Treaty of Versailles..

France and Britain did nothing because they France and Britain did nothing because they did not want another war with Germany. did not want another war with Germany.

Hitler then Hitler then annexedannexed (added) Austria to (added) Austria to Germany and met no resistance.Germany and met no resistance.

Next he annexed the Sudetenland. Next he annexed the Sudetenland.

EuropeEurope

British Prime Minister NevilleBritish Prime Minister Neville ChamberlainChamberlain and and French premier DaladierFrench premier Daladier hoped to avoid were through a policy of hoped to avoid were through a policy of appeasementappeasement (giving into Hitler’s (giving into Hitler’s demands).demands).Munich ConferenceMunich Conference – Chamberlain and Daladier – Chamberlain and Daladier accepted accepted Hitler’s captureHitler’s captureof Sudetenland in of Sudetenland in exchange for his exchange for his promise not to claim promise not to claim any further land in Czechoslovakia.any further land in Czechoslovakia.

The Invasion of Poland – World War II The Invasion of Poland – World War II BeginsBegins

About 6 months afterAbout 6 months after the Munich Conference, the Munich Conference, Hitler invaded the restHitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia. of Czechoslovakia. August 1939August 1939 – Hitler signs a non- – Hitler signs a non-aggression pact with the U.S.S.R. agreeing aggression pact with the U.S.S.R. agreeing to split Poland when they invaded. to split Poland when they invaded.

Great Britain agreed to aid Poland if Great Britain agreed to aid Poland if Germany attacked. Germany attacked. September 1, 1939September 1, 1939 – Germany invaded – Germany invaded an unsuspecting and unprepared Poland.an unsuspecting and unprepared Poland.BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg – (lightening war) used against – (lightening war) used against Poland. Constant bombardment using Poland. Constant bombardment using armored tanks and bombers.armored tanks and bombers.

September 3, 1939September 3, 1939 – Great Britain – Great Britain and France and France declared wardeclared war on Germany. on Germany.

September 17, 1939September 17, 1939 – USSR invades – USSR invades Poland. Poland surrenders three weeks Poland. Poland surrenders three weeks later. later.

United States InvolvementUnited States Involvement

Neutrality ActNeutrality Act – gave the President – gave the President the authority to ban arms sales to the authority to ban arms sales to warring nations. warring nations.

Ludlow AmendmentLudlow Amendment – required a – required a national vote before the United national vote before the United States could declare war. It failed States could declare war. It failed in Congress by a narrow margin.in Congress by a narrow margin.

Cash and CarryCash and Carry – U.S. allowed the – U.S. allowed the Allies to buy munitions with payment Allies to buy munitions with payment up front and required them to up front and required them to provide their own transportation. provide their own transportation. U.S. hoped to maintain neutrality U.S. hoped to maintain neutrality while helping to defeat Germany. while helping to defeat Germany.

Lend-Lease ActLend-Lease Act – gave the President – gave the President the authority to lend, sell, or lease war the authority to lend, sell, or lease war supplies to countries whose survival was supplies to countries whose survival was vital to U.S. defense. vital to U.S. defense.

June 1941June 1941 – – Hitler betrayed Stalin and Hitler betrayed Stalin and invaded the USSR.invaded the USSR.

United States sent large amounts of United States sent large amounts of supplies to Stalin to prevent German supplies to Stalin to prevent German victory. victory.

Problems in Southeast AsiaProblems in Southeast Asia French IndochinaFrench Indochina – Japan established – Japan established

military bases here in September 1940, military bases here in September 1940, despite strong opposition from the U.S. despite strong opposition from the U.S.

September 26, 1940September 26, 1940 – U.S. declared an – U.S. declared an embargo on scrap metal, oil and aviation embargo on scrap metal, oil and aviation fuel to Japan.fuel to Japan.

September 27, 1940September 27, 1940 – Japan announced a – Japan announced a military alliance with Italy and Germany. military alliance with Italy and Germany.

CHUNK #2CHUNK #2 Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Turn to page 129. Read Turn to page 129. Read Pearl HarborPearl Harbor. History . History Frame – Answer the following questions Frame – Answer the following questions from the passage you have read.from the passage you have read.

SettingSetting Where and When? – Where and When? – Characters Characters Who were the key players? – Who were the key players? – PlotPlot What happened? –What happened? –OutcomeOutcome What were the results? –What were the results? –

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor December 7, 1941December 7, 1941 – Japanese attacked – Japanese attacked

Pearl Harbor. Pearl Harbor.

8 battleships and 13 other Naval vessels 8 battleships and 13 other Naval vessels were seriously damaged or destroyed.were seriously damaged or destroyed.

200 warplanes 200 warplanes destroyed.destroyed. Over 3000 militaryOver 3000 military personnel woundedpersonnel wounded or killed.or killed.

President Roosevelt called December 7President Roosevelt called December 7thth “a date which will live in infamy.”“a date which will live in infamy.”

Congress declared Congress declared war on Japan.war on Japan.

Germany and Italy fulfilled their Germany and Italy fulfilled their pledges to Japan and declared war on pledges to Japan and declared war on the U.S.the U.S.

U.S. now involved in World WarU.S. now involved in World War II. II.

On the Home frontOn the Home front

Women’s ParticipationWomen’s Participation Women made great economic gains because Women made great economic gains because

there was a shortage of labor workers in the there was a shortage of labor workers in the workplace. workplace.

Women left their homes and went to work at Women left their homes and went to work at factory jobs vacated by the men who were factory jobs vacated by the men who were fighting the war. fighting the war.

Rosie the RiveterRosie the Riveter became became a symbol for all workinga symbol for all workingwomen during World War II.women during World War II.

RationingRationingRationing SystemRationing System – limited the use of – limited the use of

certain critical foods and materials. certain critical foods and materials. People cold not purchase certain items People cold not purchase certain items without a government-issued coupon. This without a government-issued coupon. This was done in order to focus all resources on was done in order to focus all resources on the war. the war.

Japanese InternmentJapanese Internment Executive Order 9066Executive Order 9066 – ordered all – ordered all

Japanese Americans away Japanese Americans away from military facilities out from military facilities out of fear they were conspiringof fear they were conspiring with the enemy. with the enemy.

Stemming the TideStemming the Tide

MidwayMidway – In June 1942, the U.S. Naval and – In June 1942, the U.S. Naval and air forces inflicted heavy blows on the air forces inflicted heavy blows on the Japanese fleet, forcing them to flee.Japanese fleet, forcing them to flee.

The Japanese lost fourThe Japanese lost four of their prized aircraftof their prized aircraft carriers and 252 planes.carriers and 252 planes.

Considered Considered the turningthe turning pointpoint in the Pacific. in the Pacific.

StalingradStalingrad StalingradStalingrad – Russian forces held off a – Russian forces held off a

German attack for several months.German attack for several months.

Russians were able to Russians were able to circle the Germans and circle the Germans and force their surrender.force their surrender.

Without access to the oil reserves near Without access to the oil reserves near Stalingrad, the other German forces Stalingrad, the other German forces retreated for the Russian interior.retreated for the Russian interior.

Considered the Considered the turning point in the war for turning point in the war for the USSRthe USSR. .

North AfricaNorth Africa

Operation TorchOperation Torch – name given to the – name given to the fighting between Britain and the U.S. fighting between Britain and the U.S. against the German army in North against the German army in North Africa. Africa.

First major victory First major victory of the war for theof the war for theAllies.Allies.

Turning the TideTurning the Tide

ItalyItaly Due to a successful Due to a successful invasion of Italy, invasion of Italy, Mussolini was overthrown.Mussolini was overthrown.

The new Italian The new Italian government joined government joined the Allies in fighting Germany.the Allies in fighting Germany.

NormandyNormandy Operation OverlordOperation Overlord – the larges amphibious – the larges amphibious

(water) assault ever undertaken. Allied troops (water) assault ever undertaken. Allied troops landed on the coast of France.landed on the coast of France.

D-DayD-Day – A fleet of 6000 Allied ships launched – A fleet of 6000 Allied ships launched the great invasion of the beaches of the great invasion of the beaches of Normandy. Allied losses were very high.Normandy. Allied losses were very high.

After invasion, Allies wereAfter invasion, Allies were able to liberate Paris fromable to liberate Paris from four years of German occupation. four years of German occupation.

Germany’s defeatGermany’s defeat Allied forces moved in.Allied forces moved in.

Hitler Hitler committed committed suicidesuicide on on April 30, 1945.April 30, 1945. Germany Germany surrendered unconditionallysurrendered unconditionally

one week later.one week later.

V-E DayV-E Day - Victory in Europe Day. Allied - Victory in Europe Day. Allied countries celebrated the victory.countries celebrated the victory.

The HolocaustThe HolocaustHolocaustHolocaust – term given to Hitler’s – term given to Hitler’s

systematic extermination of over 6 systematic extermination of over 6 million Jewish people. million Jewish people.

Concentration CampsConcentration Camps – Hitler’s camps – Hitler’s camps that held Jews, Gypsies, and socially that held Jews, Gypsies, and socially undesirables. These people were undesirables. These people were starved and worked to death. Gas starved and worked to death. Gas chambers, huge ovens and mass graves chambers, huge ovens and mass graves were discovered at these camps.were discovered at these camps.

HolocaustHolocaust

The HolocaustThe Holocaust AuschwitzAuschwitz – One of the worst of all the – One of the worst of all the

concentration camps.concentration camps.

Nuremberg TrialsNuremberg Trials – Trials held after – Trials held after the war to prosecute individuals the war to prosecute individuals responsible for the concentration camps responsible for the concentration camps and other various war crimes. and other various war crimes.

Japan’s DefeatJapan’s Defeat

General Douglas MacArthurGeneral Douglas MacArthur – – commander of troops in thecommander of troops in the

Pacific, who wanted to concentrate all Pacific, who wanted to concentrate all the United States attack on Japan. the United States attack on Japan.

KamikazeKamikaze – Japanese for divine wind. – Japanese for divine wind. Pilots who would willingly crash their Pilots who would willingly crash their planes into Allied naval ships. planes into Allied naval ships.

The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project – Special project that – Special project that

involved over 120,000 people in 37 involved over 120,000 people in 37 factories and laboratories spread across factories and laboratories spread across 19 states and Canada. Purpose was to build 19 states and Canada. Purpose was to build an atomic bomb.an atomic bomb.

Enola GayEnola Gay – Name of the B-29 – Name of the B-29 bomber that carried the first bomber that carried the first atomic bomb to Japan.atomic bomb to Japan.

HiroshimaHiroshima – first Japanese – first Japanese city to be destroyed by the city to be destroyed by the atomic bomb on Aug. 6, 1945.atomic bomb on Aug. 6, 1945.

NagasakiNagasaki – the 2 – the 2ndnd Japanese Japanesecity destroyed by thecity destroyed by theatomic bomb three days atomic bomb three days later on August 9, 1945.later on August 9, 1945.

In the wake of these disasters and the In the wake of these disasters and the Soviet Unions declaration of war, Japan Soviet Unions declaration of war, Japan surrendered to General Douglas surrendered to General Douglas MacArthur on August 14, 1945. MacArthur on August 14, 1945.

World War II was over!World War II was over!