A.H.Muhammad Siddique-E-AkborGraduate Student, CEE, TTU

Surface Water and Ocean Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Topography (SWOT)

Satellite Mission Satellite Mission

o IntroductionIntroductiono ObjectivesObjectiveso Remote SensingRemote Sensingo InstrumentsInstrumentso ResolutionResolutiono Parameter Values of MissionParameter Values of Missiono Data Collection & ProcessingData Collection & Processingo Expected BenefitsExpected Benefitso Expected ApplicationExpected Application

ContentsContents

o Proposed NASA & French Space Agency Proposed NASA & French Space Agency (CNES) mission to make the first global survey (CNES) mission to make the first global survey of Earth's surface water. of Earth's surface water.

o In February 2008, adopted the name SWOT, In February 2008, adopted the name SWOT, replacing the original name WatER HM.replacing the original name WatER HM.

IntroductionIntroduction

Artists concept of SWOT

Glimpses of the MissionGlimpses of the Mission

o Launch: 2016Launch: 2016o Agency: NASA & CNESAgency: NASA & CNESo Orbit: Low Earth Orbit…max 2000km Orbit: Low Earth Orbit…max 2000km

altitudealtitudeo Estimated Cost: $450 millionEstimated Cost: $450 milliono Areas of Interest: Climate, Health & WaterAreas of Interest: Climate, Health & Watero Instruments: KaRIN, Ku-band nadir Instruments: KaRIN, Ku-band nadir

altimeter, microwave radiometeraltimeter, microwave radiometero Mission Life Time: 03 yearsMission Life Time: 03 years

o To observe the fine details (closer spacing) of the To observe the fine details (closer spacing) of the ocean's surface topography, and measure how water ocean's surface topography, and measure how water bodies change over time.bodies change over time.o Spatial Resolutions: 10 km, at present the Spatial Resolutions: 10 km, at present the

resolution is 300 km.resolution is 300 km.o Discharge measurement in large (50m-100m Discharge measurement in large (50m-100m

width) riverswidth) rivers

Mission ObjectivesMission Objectives

Northern Alberta Lakes, Canada

Remote SensingRemote Sensing

o Wide-swath altimetry technologyWide-swath altimetry technology Designed to acquire high-resolution Designed to acquire high-resolution

elevations at spatial and temporal scaleselevations at spatial and temporal scaleso Active Sensors are a laser florosensor and a Active Sensors are a laser florosensor and a

synthetic aperture radar (SAR)synthetic aperture radar (SAR)

InstrumentsInstrumentso Ka –or Ku-Band Radar………………….27.5-32GHzKa –or Ku-Band Radar………………….27.5-32GHzo Ku-Band Altimeter (Kurz-unten Band)..12-18 GHzKu-Band Altimeter (Kurz-unten Band)..12-18 GHzo Microwave Radiometer (MWR)Microwave Radiometer (MWR)

..Ka-Band radar is a new type named Ka-band Radar ..Ka-Band radar is a new type named Ka-band Radar Interferometry (KaRIN). Wavelength, λ=0.86 cmInterferometry (KaRIN). Wavelength, λ=0.86 cm

A conceptual outline of the KaRIN instrument configuration

ResolutionResolution

o 200 MHz bandwidth200 MHz bandwidtho Cross-track ground resolutionsCross-track ground resolutionso Varying from about 10 m in the far swath to Varying from about 10 m in the far swath to

about 60 m in the near swathabout 60 m in the near swatho A resolution of about 2 m in the along track A resolution of about 2 m in the along track

direction is derived by means of synthetic direction is derived by means of synthetic aperture processing.aperture processing.

o Orbit shall be an exact repeat orbit with a Orbit shall be an exact repeat orbit with a maximum repeat period of 22 days. maximum repeat period of 22 days.

Parameter Values of MissionParameter Values of Mission

o Mass: 150 KgsMass: 150 Kgso Frequency: 35 GHzFrequency: 35 GHzo Operating Time/Orbit: 40%Operating Time/Orbit: 40%o Antenna Length: 4 mAntenna Length: 4 mo Antenna Width: 0.20 mAntenna Width: 0.20 mo Boresight Look angle: 3.5 degBoresight Look angle: 3.5 dego Baseline Length: 10 mBaseline Length: 10 m

……Parameter Values of MissionParameter Values of Mission

o Orbit Height: 800 kmOrbit Height: 800 kmo One-Sided Swath: 50 kmOne-Sided Swath: 50 kmo Number of Swaths: 2Number of Swaths: 2o Range Resolution: 0.75 mRange Resolution: 0.75 mo Azimuth Resolution: 5 mAzimuth Resolution: 5 mo Raw Data Rate: 504 Mbits/sRaw Data Rate: 504 Mbits/so Data Volume/Orbit: 76 GbytesData Volume/Orbit: 76 Gbytes

……Parameter Values of MissionParameter Values of Mission

o Orbit Height: 800 KmOrbit Height: 800 Kmo Orbit Type: 22-day repeat 78° inclinationOrbit Type: 22-day repeat 78° inclinationo Swath: 120 KmSwath: 120 Kmo Frequency: Ka-BandFrequency: Ka-Bando Wavelength: 0.86 cmWavelength: 0.86 cmo Height Precision: ~1cm @1 km resolutionHeight Precision: ~1cm @1 km resolutiono Spatial Resolution: <100 m imagingSpatial Resolution: <100 m imagingo Instrument: InterferometerInstrument: Interferometer

Data Collection & ProcessingData Collection & Processing

o Instrument check (at least 3 months)Instrument check (at least 3 months)o Space-Time SamplingSpace-Time Samplingo Repeating Period: 22-daysRepeating Period: 22-dayso Calibration and Validation PhaseCalibration and Validation Phaseo Ensure the required data volume and adequate Ensure the required data volume and adequate

spatial coverage (3-day sampling)spatial coverage (3-day sampling)o Verified by an independent measurement or Verified by an independent measurement or

analysis during a post-launch validation periodanalysis during a post-launch validation periodo Sea surface heights (SSH) and terrestrial water Sea surface heights (SSH) and terrestrial water

heights over a 120 km wide swath with a +/-10 heights over a 120 km wide swath with a +/-10 km gap at the nadir trackkm gap at the nadir track

……Data Collection & ProcessingData Collection & Processing

o Over the deep oceans, provide SSH within each Over the deep oceans, provide SSH within each swath with a posting every 2 km x 2 km, and a swath with a posting every 2 km x 2 km, and a precision not to exceed 0.5 cm when averaged over precision not to exceed 0.5 cm when averaged over the area. the area.

o Over land, download the raw data for ground Over land, download the raw data for ground processing and produce a water mask able to resolve processing and produce a water mask able to resolve 100-m rivers and 1-km100-m rivers and 1-km22 lakes, wetlands, or lakes, wetlands, or reservoirs. reservoirs.

o Water level elevations with an accuracy of 10 cm Water level elevations with an accuracy of 10 cm and a slope accuracy of 1 cm/1 km. and a slope accuracy of 1 cm/1 km.

o Cover at least 90% of the globe. Cover at least 90% of the globe. o Gaps are not to exceed 10% of Earth's surface. Gaps are not to exceed 10% of Earth's surface.

In-situ cannot measure thisIn-situ cannot measure this

Expected BenefitsExpected Benefitso Improved water management in transboundary river Improved water management in transboundary river

basinsbasinso Improved prediction of carbon fluxes to and from Improved prediction of carbon fluxes to and from

wetlandswetlandso Improved flood and marine forecastsImproved flood and marine forecastso Improved identification and forecasts of inundation Improved identification and forecasts of inundation

and malaria zonesand malaria zoneso Improved prediction of changes of sea level rise.Improved prediction of changes of sea level rise.

A flooded forest in the Amazon

Expected ApplicationExpected Applicationo Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) River Basin-Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) River Basin-

the flood forecasting range of the lowermost riparian the flood forecasting range of the lowermost riparian nation is limited due to unavailable rainfall from nation is limited due to unavailable rainfall from upstream nations.upstream nations.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Source: http://swot.jpl.nasa.gov