agriculture world march 2015
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Krishi Jagran, India's No.1 (Agriculture Media Group) How to grow more agri-production with latest scientific methods Events, news, information, product- launch, sports, politics, Entertainment etc. Right choice for agriculture fraternityTRANSCRIPT
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AGRICULTURE WORLDAGRICULTURE WORLD
Editorial
In a country like India food security will always be a simmering
problem. In that situaon the role of milk producon in
migang food insecurity is important. It is in the context that
Venkatram Vasantvada highlights the hidden part of the food
security banking on high quality forages which is already decient
around onethird of the requirement in most of the states. Second
deciency is in the protein supplements amounng to 1920 mts.
The intervenon of UPL/ADVANTA LTD in the eld of developing
high quality fodder and the new variety of canola for leveling up the protein deciency in the
cale feed is highlighted by the author in his arcle on The hidden part of food security
Forages and Healthy oils.
Various forms of composng were pracced by the farmers from ancient Chinese
civilizaon onwards. But all the methods, rst of all, are labour intensive and are yielding
quanes much less than the actual requirement in the eld: that is 30,000 kgs per hectare.
Secondly large quanes are composted aerobically which results in the greater loss of the
most important nutrient namely nitrogen. Thirdly large farm area is required for composng all
the crop and animal wastes normally generated in a farm and to a small farmer to set apart
large land area for composng alone is an unthinkable proposion. In this context the Silo
Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Biowastes (SMARB) invented and promoted by Dr. K. T.
Chandy is a soluon to all the above menoned drawbacks.
Observing the quick results in the crop yield the farmers were indiscriminate in the use of
chemical ferlizers ll they realized the irreparable damages brought upon the soils of their
farmland. Enumerang a number of permanent soil damages due to the connuous and
excessive use of chemical ferlizers, Mr. Dinesh Patel, MD, Narmada Biochem Pvt Ltd., would
impress upon the readers the need for the use of organic manures in agriculture. However he is
also prompt in poinng out a number of constraints in the use of organic manures and the need
for maintenance of opmum level of organic carbon and nitrogen (CN rao) in the soil which
promotes the microbial acvies in the soil. Taking all these aspects of soil ferlity into
consideraon he promotes a host of organic products under the brand name biogold for the
benet of farming communies in India.
Agriculture like any other producon, processing and markeng occupaon is regulated
by a numerous acts, rules, regulaons, orders and commissions which though iniated with
good intenons turn out to be bolenecks for its smooth funconing and development. A
number of them are either lapsed in the Lok Sabha or pending in the Rajya Sabha. In terms of
administraon and governance many dierent departments and ministries are involved.
Giving an overview of the problems in the formulaon and implementaon of the acts, rules,
regulaons, orders and commissions Dr. S. R. Rao rightly highlights the problems aecng the
farmers and agricultural producon. To substanate his exposure of the problems arising due
to mulples of governmental rules and regulaons Dr. Rao presents a list of agricultural
legislaons in table 1, status of several bills on agriculture and rural development in table 2 and
commissions related to agriculture in table 3. To iron out the problems arising from the present
rules and regulaons the author proposes Naonal Environment Management Authority
(NEMA) at the centre, State Environment Management Authority (SEMA) at the state and
Environment Laws Management Act (ELMA) covering the centre and states.
Dr. Mahesh Chander, Head, Division of Extension Educaon, Indian Veterinary Research
Instute, Izetnagar, gives an overview of the organic animal husbandry in Asia which has one of
the fastest developing livestock sector in the world which factor he corroborates with the latest
data on the rich plant and animals genec diversity in the Asian countries. The author rightly
points out the need for the Asian farmers to develop capacity in terms of knowledge, skill,
infrastructure, animal feeding, hygiene, sanitaon, disease control and assured cered
supply of organic livestock producon.
The importance of oilseed sector which at present is in a stagnant situaon due to
various reasons, can never be overemphasized though India is one of the largest producer and
consumer of vegetable oil in the world. The arcle by Surendra Prajapa on Challenges and
Scope of Indian Oilseed Sector is an eyeopenerwarning to the Indian edible oil sector. Against
the consumpon requirement of 17 million tones the producon swings around 8 million tones
only causing a negave balance in trade causing a decit of 10.3 billion USD. Giving the
projecon edible oil requirement in table 1 the author proposes a viable soluon to the
seemingly unsurmountable deciency problem in the oil seed sector cing the leading role
and success of Bayer CropScience in rapeseed and mustard as they can be culvated
successfully under subopmal soil and water management condions in the vast farming
tracts India.
Agriculture is the biggest and foremost culture of the people from ancient mes and all
the sounds and lights of any culture in the world have roots in the local agriculture of people.
The women in Norway, making a song and dance about farming is a soothing revival of the
culture in agriculture, is highly appreciated. That makes agriculture not only organic but also
human.
M C Dominic
EditorinChief
Year Rs. US$
1 700 100
2 1300 200
3 1800 300
SUBSCRIPTION
Printed and Published by : M.C. Dominic
Agriculture World, 60/9, 3rd Floor, Yusuf Sarai Market
Near Green Park Metro Station, New Delhi110016
Tel: 01126511845, 26517923, Mob: 9313301029, 9654193353
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Web: www.krishijagran.com, www.kjcommoditynews.com
Printed at : New Pushpak Press Pvt. Ltd. 203, 204 DSIDC Complex
Okhla Industrial Area, Phase 1, New Delhi 110020
IN THIS ISSUE
Editor M.C. Dominic
Director Shiny Emanuel
M.G. Vasan
Sr. ExecutiveEditor Dr. K.T. Chandy
R.K. Teotia
Executive Editor G.S. Saini
HeadContent Development Kumud Shukla
Associate Editor Bansi Shukla
Senior Correspondent Ruby Jain
Correspondent Aniket Shina
Kanika Chauhan
Kiran Kumari
Admin Head Chetram
HeadMarketing P.S. Saini
DGMMarketing Farha Khan
Sr. ManagerMarketing K.J. Saranya
ManagerMarketing Namita Shrivastava
Sara Khan
Asst. ManagerMarketing Sarla Singh
Sarita Singh
Jyoti Sharma
Megha Sharma
Sr. ExecutiveMarketing Afsana Malik
Sujata Gautam
Chunki Bhutia
Many Pradhan
Poonam Bishwakarma
HeadCirculation Sanjay Kumar
ManagerCirculation Nishant Kr. Taak
Hrituparna Banerjee
Sr. ExecutiveCirculation Rahul Singh
Sukumar Dalai
Abdus Samad
Head PrePress Dharmendra Kumar
Designing Yogesh Kumar
Office Assistant Devendra Singh
Perm Kumar
Raju Jana
D.D. NAIR
VP International Business (Russia & CIS Countries)
6 MikluhoMaklaya STR, Moscow, Russia 117198
Mob: +7903729 98 30, Off.: +7499501 99 10
Email: [email protected]
M. Mezhukanal
Middle East
E16F33, Hamriyah Free Zone, Sharjha, UAE
Ph.: +971502870465, Email: [email protected]
The Hidden Part of Food Security Forages and Healthy Oils...................4
Silo Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Biowastes (SMARB).................6
Organic Manure: Role in Modern Farming Systems..............................11
Retrospecon and Reforms Needed.....................................................14
Canadian Organic Aquaculture.............................................................19
Organic Animal Husbandry in Asia: an Overview .................................20
Challenges and Scope Indian Oilseed Sector.........................................22
The women making a song and dance about farming.........................24
Agricultural News..................................................................................25
-
AGRICULTURE WORLDAGRICULTURE WORLD
Editorial
In a country like India food security will always be a simmering
problem. In that situaon the role of milk producon in
migang food insecurity is important. It is in the context that
Venkatram Vasantvada highlights the hidden part of the food
security banking on high quality forages which is already decient
around onethird of the requirement in most of the states. Second
deciency is in the protein supplements amounng to 1920 mts.
The intervenon of UPL/ADVANTA LTD in the eld of developing
high quality fodder and the new variety of canola for leveling up the protein deciency in the
cale feed is highlighted by the author in his arcle on The hidden part of food security
Forages and Healthy oils.
Various forms of composng were pracced by the farmers from ancient Chinese
civilizaon onwards. But all the methods, rst of all, are labour intensive and are yielding
quanes much less than the actual requirement in the eld: that is 30,000 kgs per hectare.
Secondly large quanes are composted aerobically which results in the greater loss of the
most important nutrient namely nitrogen. Thirdly large farm area is required for composng all
the crop and animal wastes normally generated in a farm and to a small farmer to set apart
large land area for composng alone is an unthinkable proposion. In this context the Silo
Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Biowastes (SMARB) invented and promoted by Dr. K. T.
Chandy is a soluon to all the above menoned drawbacks.
Observing the quick results in the crop yield the farmers were indiscriminate in the use of
chemical ferlizers ll they realized the irreparable damages brought upon the soils of their
farmland. Enumerang a number of permanent soil damages due to the connuous and
excessive use of chemical ferlizers, Mr. Dinesh Patel, MD, Narmada Biochem Pvt Ltd., would
impress upon the readers the need for the use of organic manures in agriculture. However he is
also prompt in poinng out a number of constraints in the use of organic manures and the need
for maintenance of opmum level of organic carbon and nitrogen (CN rao) in the soil which
promotes the microbial acvies in the soil. Taking all these aspects of soil ferlity into
consideraon he promotes a host of organic products under the brand name biogold for the
benet of farming communies in India.
Agriculture like any other producon, processing and markeng occupaon is regulated
by a numerous acts, rules, regulaons, orders and commissions which though iniated with
good intenons turn out to be bolenecks for its smooth funconing and development. A
number of them are either lapsed in the Lok Sabha or pending in the Rajya Sabha. In terms of
administraon and governance many dierent departments and ministries are involved.
Giving an overview of the problems in the formulaon and implementaon of the acts, rules,
regulaons, orders and commissions Dr. S. R. Rao rightly highlights the problems aecng the
farmers and agricultural producon. To substanate his exposure of the problems arising due
to mulples of governmental rules and regulaons Dr. Rao presents a list of agricultural
legislaons in table 1, status of several bills on agriculture and rural development in table 2 and
commissions related to agriculture in table 3. To iron out the problems arising from the present
rules and regulaons the author proposes Naonal Environment Management Authority
(NEMA) at the centre, State Environment Management Authority (SEMA) at the state and
Environment Laws Management Act (ELMA) covering the centre and states.
Dr. Mahesh Chander, Head, Division of Extension Educaon, Indian Veterinary Research
Instute, Izetnagar, gives an overview of the organic animal husbandry in Asia which has one of
the fastest developing livestock sector in the world which factor he corroborates with the latest
data on the rich plant and animals genec diversity in the Asian countries. The author rightly
points out the need for the Asian farmers to develop capacity in terms of knowledge, skill,
infrastructure, animal feeding, hygiene, sanitaon, disease control and assured cered
supply of organic livestock producon.
The importance of oilseed sector which at present is in a stagnant situaon due to
various reasons, can never be overemphasized though India is one of the largest producer and
consumer of vegetable oil in the world. The arcle by Surendra Prajapa on Challenges and
Scope of Indian Oilseed Sector is an eyeopenerwarning to the Indian edible oil sector. Against
the consumpon requirement of 17 million tones the producon swings around 8 million tones
only causing a negave balance in trade causing a decit of 10.3 billion USD. Giving the
projecon edible oil requirement in table 1 the author proposes a viable soluon to the
seemingly unsurmountable deciency problem in the oil seed sector cing the leading role
and success of Bayer CropScience in rapeseed and mustard as they can be culvated
successfully under subopmal soil and water management condions in the vast farming
tracts India.
Agriculture is the biggest and foremost culture of the people from ancient mes and all
the sounds and lights of any culture in the world have roots in the local agriculture of people.
The women in Norway, making a song and dance about farming is a soothing revival of the
culture in agriculture, is highly appreciated. That makes agriculture not only organic but also
human.
M C Dominic
EditorinChief
Year Rs. US$
1 700 100
2 1300 200
3 1800 300
SUBSCRIPTION
Printed and Published by : M.C. Dominic
Agriculture World, 60/9, 3rd Floor, Yusuf Sarai Market
Near Green Park Metro Station, New Delhi110016
Tel: 01126511845, 26517923, Mob: 9313301029, 9654193353
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Web: www.krishijagran.com, www.kjcommoditynews.com
Printed at : New Pushpak Press Pvt. Ltd. 203, 204 DSIDC Complex
Okhla Industrial Area, Phase 1, New Delhi 110020
IN THIS ISSUE
Editor M.C. Dominic
Director Shiny Emanuel
M.G. Vasan
Sr. ExecutiveEditor Dr. K.T. Chandy
R.K. Teotia
Executive Editor G.S. Saini
HeadContent Development Kumud Shukla
Associate Editor Bansi Shukla
Senior Correspondent Ruby Jain
Correspondent Aniket Shina
Kanika Chauhan
Kiran Kumari
Admin Head Chetram
HeadMarketing P.S. Saini
DGMMarketing Farha Khan
Sr. ManagerMarketing K.J. Saranya
ManagerMarketing Namita Shrivastava
Sara Khan
Asst. ManagerMarketing Sarla Singh
Sarita Singh
Jyoti Sharma
Megha Sharma
Sr. ExecutiveMarketing Afsana Malik
Sujata Gautam
Chunki Bhutia
Many Pradhan
Poonam Bishwakarma
HeadCirculation Sanjay Kumar
ManagerCirculation Nishant Kr. Taak
Hrituparna Banerjee
Sr. ExecutiveCirculation Rahul Singh
Sukumar Dalai
Abdus Samad
Head PrePress Dharmendra Kumar
Designing Yogesh Kumar
Office Assistant Devendra Singh
Perm Kumar
Raju Jana
D.D. NAIR
VP International Business (Russia & CIS Countries)
6 MikluhoMaklaya STR, Moscow, Russia 117198
Mob: +7903729 98 30, Off.: +7499501 99 10
Email: [email protected]
M. Mezhukanal
Middle East
E16F33, Hamriyah Free Zone, Sharjha, UAE
Ph.: +971502870465, Email: [email protected]
The Hidden Part of Food Security Forages and Healthy Oils...................4
Silo Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Biowastes (SMARB).................6
Organic Manure: Role in Modern Farming Systems..............................11
Retrospecon and Reforms Needed.....................................................14
Canadian Organic Aquaculture.............................................................19
Organic Animal Husbandry in Asia: an Overview .................................20
Challenges and Scope Indian Oilseed Sector.........................................22
The women making a song and dance about farming.........................24
Agricultural News..................................................................................25
-
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 04
The Hidden Part of Food Security Forages and Healthy Oils
In world, we stand number 1 in terms of total milk
producon but very low in terms of producvity (ltr./day) even
much below the world average of 5.8 ltr/day. A major part to
th th
10 & 11 Five Year Plan Document
Requirement and Availability of CP/TDN
Year Requirement Availability Decit (%)
Million tons Million tons
CP TDN CP TDN CP TDN
2010 47.76 344.93 34.18 262.02 28.44 24.04
2015 49.39 356.73 35.98 273.24 27.15 23.41
2020 51.04 368.61 37.50 281.23 26.52 23.70
2025 52.68 380.49 39.31 292.45 25.38 23.14
answer this concern is our requirement of green and dry
fodder and its decit from the current requirement which also is
States 200910 (M MT) Fodder
Dry Fodder Green Fodder Total Fodder Decit
Maharashtra 42 98 140 21%
Rajasthan 17 117 134 34%
Uar Pradesh 81 36 117 63%
Gujarat 15 58 73 25%
Madhya Pradesh 27 33 60 48%
Punjab 29 26 55 20%
Andhra Pradesh 26 14 40 37%
Haryana 19 19 38 26%
Karnataka 28 7 36 22%
Tamil Nadu 21 11 32 36%
StateWise Quality Fodder Seed Availability
Low nutrional and low digesble crops
Requires water and more ferlizers
More lignin/ nondigesble bers
Low palatability and less of sweet and juicyness
UPL/Advanta has taken an iniave to help farmers with
improved forage crops which are an answer to address not
only above concerns but also will help farmers to adopt new
cross breed with more and quality milk producon.
Introducon of Nutrifeed, Sugargraze, Makkhangrass and
pipeline products BMR 6 & Delight are:
- High yielding, longer duraon crops than normal
tradional crops
- High in protein content
- Suitable for green fodder, silage and hey making
- Palatability is high & juicy
- Low lignin& high metaboliseable energy
- Requires less water and wider adaptability
Protein Deciency :
The protein requirement for livestock at an esmated
150160 Million mts of milk would be around 1920 million
Tonnes, ( 67 Million Tonnes for body maintenance and 1213
Million Tonnes for milk producon). Apart from these
increasing consumpon of meat, eggs and sh will fuel the
protein requirement content. There will be a serious
compeon between man and animal and both will suer
due to the shortage. Time for us to look at edible oils as a
source of protein. The protein content of soyabean and canola
is at 46% and 36% respecvely.
Hyola PAC 401, the rst canola quality hybrid introduced
in India by UPL/ Advanta which has tremendous health
benet oil, for daily consumpon in our food besides the
benets from the cake, which is a best substute to high
protein cakes for feed industry:
As a company, we are driving hard the technology
transfer and extension iniaves to make quality fodder and
protein available to the farmers. However, a much more
integrated approach and encouragement is required from the
policy makers to private sector iniaves and large scale PPP
projects need to be formulated.
Compound Family % of total Benets
Oleic acid 9 61% This fay acid plays a role in prevenng heart disease by lowering cholesterol levels. Other benets of omega 9
are that it reduces hardening of the arteries and improves immune funcon.
Linoleic acid 6 21% Omega6 fay acid (Linoleic Acid) combined with omega3 fay acid produces many of the health benets, but
the trickiest part about playing the fay acid game is that it is the best to eat them in the right amounts.
Eang about twice as much omega6 as omega3, so that omega6 to omega3 rao is 2:1.
Alphalinolenic acid 3 10% Research on the health benets of omega3 fay acid have shown that it may be useful for supporng the
following condions: Asthma, Diabetes, Arthris, Osteoporosis, Some Cancers, Skin Disorders, High Cholesterol,
High Blood Pressure, Aenon Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Macular Degeneraon, Digesve Dicules
Health Benets of Fay Acids in Canola Oil
Punjab but sll it is 20% decit.
Other concerns with available fodder crops are:
Low yielding age old tradional long duraon variees
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 05
www.krishijagran.com
2. Lack of proper knowledge on fodders
3. Protein deciency
4. Highest local cale strength
5. Breed quality
6. Tradional dairy farms
Year Supply Demand Decit
Million tons Million tons (% of demand)
Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry
2010 395.2 451 1,061 589 62.76 23.46
2015 400.6 466 1,097 609 63.50 23.56
2020 405.9 473 1,134 630 64.21 24.81
2025 411.3 488 1,170 650 64.87 24.92
th th
10 & 11 Five Year Plan Document
Requirement of Green and Dry Fodder
Food Security, Food SelfSuciency and Food Insecurity are terms which we oen hear and rightly so, given the fact that food demand is likely to double from the current 440
million mt to 850 million mt and food inaon is outstripping
inaon of all commodies. Increasing income levels and
consumerism is changing the structure of food basket with
diversicaon from cereals to fruits, vegetables, milk and milk
products, meat, sh and eggs. In this arcle the focus is on
certain aspects of food security which are not geng the
required thrust and aenon and it is high me we acvely
engage all the key stakeholders in developing appropriate
acon plans.
Livestock and Fodder
Milk producon in India is esmated at 110 million Mt
and we are the world number 1, however our producvity
(lt/day) is one of the lowest in the world at 1.2 ltrs/day inspite
of a cale populaon esmated at 1850 million. Esmated
milk demand by 2030 is anywhere between 150160 million
mts which is a big task. The reasons for low producvity can be
aributed to the following and we will deep dive on points
1,2,3 and 4 and UPLADVANTA intervenons and contri
buons to improve the situaon.
1. Fodder Availability
app65% Decit in Green Fodder
app25% Decit in Dry Fodder
27%/23% Decit in CP/ TDN
Venkatram Vasantavada
Chief Operang Ocer Asia & Africa
Advanta Ltd (A UPL Group Company)
FAO/IFCN (Internaonal Farm Comparison Network)/Internal source
World Top 10 Milk Producing Countries
Countries Milk producon Cost of Milk Milk Producvity
in million mt (2013) ProduconRs/lt lt/day
India 124 11.25 1.2
USA 88 19.35 8.8
China 38 16.95 3.5
Russian Federaon 35 14 4.7
Brazil 32 25.2 6.8
Germany 28 21 5.5
France 25 23 7
New Zealand 18 12.25 9.5
UK 17 24 6.9
Poland 15 15 7.3
World 693 18 5.8
The Hidden Part of Food Security Forages and Healthy Oils
-
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 04
The Hidden Part of Food Security Forages and Healthy Oils
th th
10 & 11 Five Year Plan Document
Requirement and Availability of CP/TDN
Year Requirement Availability Decit (%)
Million tons Million tons
CP TDN CP TDN CP TDN
2010 47.76 344.93 34.18 262.02 28.44 24.04
2015 49.39 356.73 35.98 273.24 27.15 23.41
2020 51.04 368.61 37.50 281.23 26.52 23.70
2025 52.68 380.49 39.31 292.45 25.38 23.14
States 200910 (M MT) Fodder
Dry Fodder Green Fodder Total Fodder Decit
Maharashtra 42 98 140 21%
Rajasthan 17 117 134 34%
Uar Pradesh 81 36 117 63%
Gujarat 15 58 73 25%
Madhya Pradesh 27 33 60 48%
Punjab 29 26 55 20%
Andhra Pradesh 26 14 40 37%
Haryana 19 19 38 26%
Karnataka 28 7 36 22%
Tamil Nadu 21 11 32 36%
StateWise Quality Fodder Seed Availability
Compound Family % of total Benets
Oleic acid 9 61% This fay acid plays a role in prevenng heart disease by lowering cholesterol levels. Other benets of omega 9
are that it reduces hardening of the arteries and improves immune funcon.
Linoleic acid 6 21% Omega6 fay acid (Linoleic Acid) combined with omega3 fay acid produces many of the health benets, but
the trickiest part about playing the fay acid game is that it is the best to eat them in the right amounts.
Eang about twice as much omega6 as omega3, so that omega6 to omega3 rao is 2:1.
Alphalinolenic acid 3 10% Research on the health benets of omega3 fay acid have shown that it may be useful for supporng the
following condions: Asthma, Diabetes, Arthris, Osteoporosis, Some Cancers, Skin Disorders, High Cholesterol,
High Blood Pressure, Aenon Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Macular Degeneraon, Digesve Dicules
Health Benets of Fay Acids in Canola Oil
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 05
www.krishijagran.com
Year Supply Demand Decit
Million tons Million tons (% of demand)
Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry
2010 395.2 451 1,061 589 62.76 23.46
2015 400.6 466 1,097 609 63.50 23.56
2020 405.9 473 1,134 630 64.21 24.81
2025 411.3 488 1,170 650 64.87 24.92
th th
10 & 11 Five Year Plan Document
Requirement of Green and Dry Fodder
Venkatram Vasantavada
Chief Operang Ocer Asia & Africa
Advanta Ltd (A UPL Group Company)
FAO/IFCN (Internaonal Farm Comparison Network)/Internal source
World Top 10 Milk Producing Countries
Countries Milk producon Cost of Milk Milk Producvity
in million mt (2013) ProduconRs/lt lt/day
India 124 11.25 1.2
USA 88 19.35 8.8
China 38 16.95 3.5
Russian Federaon 35 14 4.7
Brazil 32 25.2 6.8
Germany 28 21 5.5
France 25 23 7
New Zealand 18 12.25 9.5
UK 17 24 6.9
Poland 15 15 7.3
World 693 18 5.8
The Hidden Part of Food Security Forages and Healthy Oils
-
SMARB has inbuilt ability to increase
the volume just by increasing the
height.
Structural details
1. construct the silos in single or in
pairs with openings at the boom
facing in the same or in the
opposite direcon; both have
advantages and disadvantages or
conveniences and inconveniences,
2. construct them in adjacent rows
with any number of pairs of silos:
ve, ten, twenty, forty, sixty,
hundred etc.,
3. construct silos in round, square or
rectangular shape,
4. u s e S T R O N G A N D N O N
CORRODING material for constru
con,
5. have the inner lining smooth and
the corners rounded,
6. as already menoned have the
height at least three mes the
diameter or side of a square or the
width of a rectangle,
7. biowaste is dumped from the top
aer chopping into a minimum of
one inch size,
8. use ladder, stair case, automac or
semiautomac liing devices for
dumping the biowastes,
9. have a passage linking tope of all
the silos to facilitate movement of
persons and machines during the
d u m p i n g , w e n g m e a n d
inspecon me,
10. if needed have a roof over the
passage linking all the silos to save
Silo is an upward built storage
structure for storing anything safe for
short or long term. It has a facility to
deposit the materials from the top into
the silo and a suitable opening at the
boom for taking out the deposited
material. In SMARB we deposit all types
of biomass at the top and take out the
organic manure at the boom. Hence
the holding or decomposion me is
b et we e n t h e d u m p i n g a n d t h e
retrieving me which may last an year
normally.
In the exisng methods organic
manure is available only aer the
decomposion of last dumping of bio
wastes. In order to ensure these two
aspects of connuous everyday
dumping, composng and regular
retrieval of decomposed organic
manure it is important that suitable
structures are erected. At the same
me there should be least energy
ulizaon. The best structure available
seems to be half of a UTube. (Figure
1). Imagine you cut a Utube of one
metre diameter or more; you get two
halves of a Utube; take one of them
and hold it vercally and drop a basket
of chopped straw or dry leaves from the
top; the whole thing will come out
easily to one side of tube and not just
below it. Now if you close the opening at
the boom and then dump the same
material it will be held and it will decay
and decompose if sucient moisture is
available. Weng or socking of the
material if needed can be done before
dumping into the tube or aer. If you
hold the material for six months to one
year the content of the tube will be
completely decomposed into organic
manure. Open the closure at the
b o o m ; t h e m a t e r i a l w i l l b e
automacally pushed out by it's own
weight and you have the organic
manure; break the clods, powder the
content and sieve it to get a uniform
sized granules of organic manure. This is
the basic principle and pracce of
SMARB or OmniComposng. The key
principle is that the height of the silo
should be at least twice the diameter
or the side of a square or the width of
the rectangular base of the silo. More
the height greater will be volume of the
silo. The greatest advantage of the
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 07
www.krishijagran.com
follow the same process of degener
aon and regeneraon consciously and
fully. When we burn crop and other
plant residues we are actually going
against this natural process and thereby
the quanty of organic manure
incorporated into the soil becomes nil.
Therefore we must stop burning crops
and other plant residues and follow a
strategy of composng all the plant and
animal wastes generated in a farm land
and incorporate back into the soil of the
same farm land. Let us call this method
as OmniComposng. Omni means all
or everything and OmniComposng
means Composng All or Everything.
It is also termed SMARB (Silo Method of
Anaerobic Recycling of Biowastes). In
this arcle we consider every form of
organic maer including the human
faeces as the manageable type of
organic material and they should be
properly managed and recycled back
into the soil. Only glass, metal, stone,
plasc and hard wood cannot be
composted. This arcle deals with
some basic structures for SMARB.
Organic maer is the 'Soul of the Soil'. Soil without organic maer will not be ferle and producve. Even
for the proper ulizaon of chemical
ferlizers added to the soil will depend
on the opmum amount of organic
maer present in the soil. To maintain
this opmum level of organic maer in
the soil, the recommended dose of
organic manure to be incorporated into
the soil is 10 to 30 tonnes of per hectare
per crop. It is indeed a huge amount.
One way to obtain this amount is to
recycle all the biomass generated in an
area back into the same area aer
proper composng. The recyclables will
include the straws, stems, leaves,
inorescence, shells, covers and husks
of grains and crop waste, weeds, animal
byproducts like dung and urine, cale
shed waste, household and kitchen
waste etc. Everything of any biomass
generated in an area should be
composted and recycled back into the
soil. Above all nothing should be
burned; by burning the biowastes the
soil losses all the organic maer. The ash
is not an organic maer, but rather it
acts like chemical ferlizers containing
mostly potassium and calcium out the
seventeen essenal elements required
for the plant growth. Hence stop
burning any of the biowastes but
compost them and incorporate them
into the soil.
The presently employed methods
of composng inc luding vermi
composng in terms of volume have
only limited capacity to compost mainly
due to the small size of the composng
structures compared to the volume of
biomass generated in the eld.
Secondly recycling of organic maer in
nature takes place in a connuous
process of degeneraon and regene
raon. By degeneraon all the biomass
produced in one generaon of plants
and animals in a unit area of land is
converted into organic manure by death
and decomposion; by regeneraon a
successive generaon of plants and
animals come up in the same area
absorbing the organic maer from the
soil. The key to organic farming is to
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 06
Silo Method of Anaerobic
Recycling of Bio-wastes (SMARB)
Silo Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Bio-wastes
Dr. K. T. Chandy He is recipient of naonal & internaonal
award for the outstanding work in above
menoned eld. He is on the
Editorial Board of Krishi Jagran Media Group.)
-
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 07
www.krishijagran.com
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 06
Silo Method of Anaerobic
Recycling of Bio-wastes (SMARB)
Silo Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Bio-wastes
Dr. K. T. Chandy He is recipient of naonal & internaonal
award for the outstanding work in above
menoned eld. He is on the
Editorial Board of Krishi Jagran Media Group.)
-
Year Rs. US$
1 700 100
2 1300 200
3 1800 300
SUBSCRIPTION
www.krishijagran.comSilo Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Bio-wastes
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 09MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 08
Fig. 2: Double Silo
heap of
soil
Cross Secon View of 8X8X24 Silo
pipe line
and
water tap
16
Concrete beam
over window
Shuers
heap of
soil8
Outlet
Receiving area
8
24
Silo area
8
dire
c
on
of th
e m
ov
em
en
t
of waste
24
Fig. 1: Single Silo
RCC Beam
cover
sh
u
ers
16
8
16
8Mo
ve
me
nt o
f de
co
mp
osin
g
materials
mate
rials
Drainage16
8
Fig. 3 : MulSilo
Heap of soil
Outlets
88 (LxH)
Ladder
20
t
o 1
00
Passage for Loader
Heap of Soil
Fig. 4 : Aerobic Composng
Fig. 5: vermicomposng
-
Year Rs. US$
1 700 100
2 1300 200
3 1800 300
SUBSCRIPTION
www.krishijagran.comSilo Method of Anaerobic Recycling of Bio-wastes
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 09MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 08
Fig. 2: Double Silo
heap of
soil
Cross Secon View of 8X8X24 Silo
pipe line
and
water tap
16
Concrete beam
over window
Shuers
heap of
soil8
Outlet
Receiving area
8
24
Silo area
8
dire
c
on
of th
e m
ov
em
en
t
of waste
24
Fig. 1: Single Silo
RCC Beam
cover
sh
u
ers
16
8
16
8Mo
ve
me
nt o
f de
co
mp
osin
g
materials
mate
rials
Drainage16
8
Fig. 3 : MulSilo
Heap of soil
Outlets
88 (LxH)
Ladder
20
t
o 1
00
Passage for Loader
Heap of Soil
Fig. 4 : Aerobic Composng
Fig. 5: vermicomposng
-
Mr Dinesh Patel, MD,
Narmada BioChem Pvt Ltd
Organic Manure: Role in Modern Farming System
Organic ManureRole in Modern Farming Systems
fact, India is we are one of the largest
rice exporters in the world. But despite
these advances our yields across all
major crops are half of what could be
possible if only farmers followed the
right agricultural pracces. It is true that
chemical ferlizers have been one of
t h e m a i n d r i ve rs o f g ro w t h i n
producon so far. But farmers have
shown a tendency to overuse chemical
ferlizers parcularly urea prevailing d
low prices. This has led to a decline in
soil richness and producvity which call
for immediate course correcon.
Nutrient consumpon in India is also
prey low compared to many other
countries leading to connuous mining
of nutrients from the soil without
replenishment. The highly chemically
ferlized soil, possessing low water and
nutrient retenon capacity due to low
carbon content and acidicaon, leads
to a buildsup up of high levels of
phosphorus and deciencies of calcium,
magnesium and boron.
The degradaon in soil health,
parcularly in intensively culvated
areas manifests its elf a loss in term of
organic maer and depleon of nave
ferlity. In this context, use of organic
manure/ferlizers can help improve
ferlizer use eciency and crop
producvity. While we need to focus on
soil nutrient management pracces,
there are a host of other management
pracces that are equally important for
overall soil ferlity, including soil
conservaon and llage techniques,
weed management pracceds and
cropping strategies. Inially, organic
resources were seen merely as sources
of nutrients, mainly nitrogen (N). A
substanal amount of research was
done to quanfy the availability of N
from organic resources. More recently,
other contribuons of organic inputs
extending beyond ferlizer subst
ituon have been emphasized such as
the provision of macro and micro
nutrients, reducon of phosphorus
absorpon capacity, increase in
Ag r i c u l t u ra l d e ve l o p m e nt
strategy in developing count
ries needs to be geared towards
increasing the producvity of land
under culvaon, with appropriate
costs and proper ulizaon of inputs,
so that the environment stays
protected. This is all the more vital
because farming now a days is
becoming nonviable with respect to
cost and producvity as evidenced by
t h e d e c l i n i n g t r e n d s i n c r o p
producvity, increasing chemical ferli
zers used and the consequent damage
to the environment. All these factors
are forcing the agriculture fraternity to
do a rethink and consider new pracces
by modifying exisng systems, so that
environmental damage is minimized,
the eciency of inputs is enhanced and
higher producvity ensured.
Prospect of organic manure in our
present farming system:
From a food decit and foodgrain
imporng country, we are today one of
the major exporters of foodgrains. In
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 11
-
Mr Dinesh Patel, MD,
Narmada BioChem Pvt Ltd
Organic Manure: Role in Modern Farming System
Organic ManureRole in Modern Farming Systems
fact, India is we are one of the largest
rice exporters in the world. But despite
these advances our yields across all
major crops are half of what could be
possible if only farmers followed the
right agricultural pracces. It is true that
chemical ferlizers have been one of
t h e m a i n d r i ve rs o f g ro w t h i n
producon so far. But farmers have
shown a tendency to overuse chemical
ferlizers parcularly urea prevailing d
low prices. This has led to a decline in
soil richness and producvity which call
for immediate course correcon.
Nutrient consumpon in India is also
prey low compared to many other
countries leading to connuous mining
of nutrients from the soil without
replenishment. The highly chemically
ferlized soil, possessing low water and
nutrient retenon capacity due to low
carbon content and acidicaon, leads
to a buildsup up of high levels of
phosphorus and deciencies of calcium,
magnesium and boron.
The degradaon in soil health,
parcularly in intensively culvated
areas manifests its elf a loss in term of
organic maer and depleon of nave
ferlity. In this context, use of organic
manure/ferlizers can help improve
ferlizer use eciency and crop
producvity. While we need to focus on
soil nutrient management pracces,
there are a host of other management
pracces that are equally important for
overall soil ferlity, including soil
conservaon and llage techniques,
weed management pracceds and
cropping strategies. Inially, organic
resources were seen merely as sources
of nutrients, mainly nitrogen (N). A
substanal amount of research was
done to quanfy the availability of N
from organic resources. More recently,
other contribuons of organic inputs
extending beyond ferlizer subst
ituon have been emphasized such as
the provision of macro and micro
nutrients, reducon of phosphorus
absorpon capacity, increase in
Ag r i c u l t u ra l d e ve l o p m e nt
strategy in developing count
ries needs to be geared towards
increasing the producvity of land
under culvaon, with appropriate
costs and proper ulizaon of inputs,
so that the environment stays
protected. This is all the more vital
because farming now a days is
becoming nonviable with respect to
cost and producvity as evidenced by
t h e d e c l i n i n g t r e n d s i n c r o p
producvity, increasing chemical ferli
zers used and the consequent damage
to the environment. All these factors
are forcing the agriculture fraternity to
do a rethink and consider new pracces
by modifying exisng systems, so that
environmental damage is minimized,
the eciency of inputs is enhanced and
higher producvity ensured.
Prospect of organic manure in our
present farming system:
From a food decit and foodgrain
imporng country, we are today one of
the major exporters of foodgrains. In
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 11
-
fraternies.
Impact of chief chemical ferlizer and
role organic manure:
S u i t a b l e s o i l m a n a g e m e n t
pracces help in imparng resilience to
degraded soi ls and make these
responsive to ferlizers and others
inputs for sustainable crop producon.
Cropping with appropriate pracces not
only helps in maintaining soil quality,
but also imparts resilience to the
system. So, good land care pracces are
the key to maintaining soil health for
posterity. Maintenance of soil carbon at
a reasonable level is essenal for good
soil health and this imparts resilience to
the ecosystem. The organic carbon
status of Indian soils is very low and this
is mainly due to the tropical and sub
tropical climate of the country. The
declining availability of tradional
source of plant nutrients like farmyard
manure (FYM), compost, crop residue
and green manure, coupled with
inadequate and imbalanced ferlizer
use, has aggravated the problem of low
soil organic carbon. Rich in organic
maer, these sources greatly improves
the physio chemical properes of the
soil and the microbial acvity in it. Use
of these resources results not only
higher yields, beer product quality,
poor adopon of ferl izer best
management pracces (FBMPs) have
made the task of increasing producvity
more dicult. It is high me that more
aenon was paid to balanced plant
nutrion to improve soil health and
crop producvity. The present scenario
of stagnaon and decline in produc
vity of most agricultural, horcultural
and plantaon crops in India, despite
the genec improvements in crop
variees and heavy external inputs of
chemical ferlizers and pescides, has
forced the Government to embark on a
programme to improve organic
ferlizer/manure use, with a provision
of Rs. 3000 crores being made in the
current budget, for this.
T h e p r i m e r e q u i s i t e i s t h e
promoon of a healthy soilplant
environment system to reduce land
degradaon and abuse of chemical
inputs. There is a need for a new of
agricultural strategy through promong
balanced and ecofriendly farming by
tweaking the present system through
the use of beer soil nutrients and
organic manure. However, a major
drawback in the way of adopon and
use of organic manure, In our country
there is the poor awareness and non
availability of good quality organic
manure. There is also a lack of proper
supplies due to the bulky nature of
organic manure/composed and the
high transportaon cost involved.
These are issues which need focus both
from the government and the research
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 13MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 12
carbon/organic maer, reducon in
soilborne pests and diseases and
improvement in soil moisture status.
There are some key dierences in the
way that organic systems contribute to
soil ferlity. These systems using
nitrogenxing species, add large
amounts of nitrogen without withdra
wing it from the soil. Organic sources
also dier in terms of nutrient content,
mineralizaon processes (in which the
nutrients in the organic compounds can
become available to the crop) and the
provision of other soil ferlity benets.
The potenal for producon growth
around organic nutrient inputs and
secondly, the potenal organic
nutrients to catalyze tradional inputs
Constraints
The main constraints in the
promoon and adopon of organic
resources are lack of government
iniaves and incenves as also a lack
of an overall policy to promote organic
inputs. Most of the organic resources
ava i lab le at the farm leve l are
consumed for fuel purposes or as
animal feed, so availability remains a
major constraint. Its also a fact that the
majority of our farmers do not know
that organic manure is the most
important source for culvable soil. So
awareness and knowledge about the
usefulness of organic manure need to
be spread. In addion, there is a need
for supplementary nutrients to enrich
the soil by reviving acidic soil to increase
producvity. Declining soil ferlity and
www.krishijagran.comOrganic Manure: Role in Modern Farming Systems
-
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 13MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 12
www.krishijagran.comOrganic Manure: Role in Modern Farming Systems
-
www.krishijagran.com
Table 1. Agricultural Legislaons
Act 1. Land Acquision Act, 1894 2. Right To Fair Compensaon And Transparency In Land Acquision,
Rehabilitaon And Reselement Act, 2013 3. The Registraon Act, 1908
Rules 1. Land Acquision (Companies) Rules, 1963 2. Right To Fair Compensaon And Transparency In Land
Acquision, Rehabilitaon And Reselement (Social Impact Assessment And Consent) Rules, 2014
Other 1. Naonal Rehabilitaon & Reselement Policy, 2007 2. Registraon (Amendment) Bill, 2013
Seed
Act 1. The Seed Act, 1966 2. The Seeds (Amendments) Act, 1972 3. The Essenal Commodies Act 1955 4. The
Essenal Commodies Act 1955(Amendment upto 1986) 5. The essenal Commodies (Amendment) Act,
2006 6. Protecon of Plant Variees & Farmers' Right Act,2001Rules and Regulaon
Rules 1. The Seed Rules,1968 2. The Seeds (Amendments) Rules, 1973,1974,1981
Other 1. The Seed (Control)Order,1983 2. The Seed (Control)Order,1983 3. Amendment in seeds (Control) Order,
1983 4. New Policy on seed Development 5. Amendment of New Policy on Seed Development
Water
Act 1. The Water (Prevenon and Control of Polluon) Cess Act, 1977, amended 1992 2. The Water (Prevenon
and Control of Polluon) Cess (Amendment) Act, 2003 3. The water (Prevenon and Control of Polluon) Act,
1974, amended 1988 4. Betwa River Board Act, 1976 amended 1977 5. NW1 Allahabad to Haldia stretch of
GangaBhagirathiHooghly river Act 1982 6. NW2 Sadiya Dhubri stretch of river Brahmaputra Act 1988 7. NW
4 KakinadaPuducherry stretch of canals and Kaluyelly tank, BhadrachalamRajahumundry stretch of river
Godavari and WazirabadVijaywada stretch of river Krishna Act 2008 8. NW5 TalcherDhamra stretch of rivers
Geonkhalicharbaa stretch of east coast canal charbaadharma stretch of matai river and mahanadi delta
river Act 2008
Rules 1. The Central Poluon Control Board (Amendment) Rules, 2012 2. The water (Prevenon and Control of
Polluon) Amendment Rules, 2011 3. The water (Prevenon and Control of Polluon)Cess Rules, 1978 4. The
water (Prevenon and Control of Polluon) Rules, 1975 5. Betwa River Board Rules, 1977 amended 1979
Other 1. Betwa River Board Regulaons 1978, amended 1982 2. Naonal Water Policy 2002 3. Naonal Water Policy
2012
Ferlizer
Act 1. Essenal Commodies Act, 1955
Other 1. Ferlizer (Control) Order, 1957/1985 (FCO.) 2. Schedule I3. Schedule III4. Schedule IV 5. Schedule V 6.
Ferlizer (Movement Control) Order, 1960/1973/2001 (FMCO) 7. New Investment Policy, 2012 8. Ferlizer
Amendments 2013 9. Guidelines for manufacture and sale of Customized Ferlizer under Clause 20'B' of FCO.
1985 10. Guidelines for inclusion of Ferlizers in Schedule & Clause 20'A' of FCO 11. ECA Allocaon Orders
(issued biannually).
Pescide & Plant Quaranne
Act 1. Destrucve Insect and Pests Act,1914 (2 of 1914) and Amendments 2. Inseccides Act, 1968 amended,
2000
Rules 1. Inseccides Rules,1971
Other 1. The PQ Order, 2003Consolidated Version 2. Nocaon for Banning the Use of Monocrotophons on
Vegetable (06.06.2005) 3. Order dated 13122011 passed in Writ peon Civil) No. 213 of 2011 lled by
Democrac Youth Federaon of India Vs Union of India and Others in the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India 4.
Cancellaon of Cercate of Registraon Order, 2010 issues under the inseccides Act, 1968 5. Plant
Quaranne Order, 2004 6. Plant Quaranne Order Amendments, 2009
Genecally Modied Organisms (GMOs)
Act 1. Environment Protecon Act, 1986 2. Protecon of Plant Variees and Farmers' Rights Act (PPVFRA), 2001
3. Naonal Biodiversity Act, 2002 4. Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006
Other 1. Naonal Seed Policy, 2002 2. Plant Quaranne (Regulaon of Import into India) Order, 2003 3. Foreign
Trade Policy, 2006 4. Recombinant DNA Safety Guidelines, 1990 5. Revised Recombinant DNA Safety
Guidelines, 1994 6. Revised Guidelines for Research in Transgenic Plants & Guidelines for Toxicity and
Allergenicity Evaluaon of Transgenic Seeds, Plants and Plant Parts, 1998
Equipment
Act 1. Dangerous Machine Act 1983
Rules 1. Dangerous Machines (Regulaon ) Rules, 2007
Transport
Act 1. Motor Vehicles Act 1988 2. Carriage by Road Act Rules 3. Central Road Fund Act and Rules 4. Control of
Naonal Highways (Land and Tari) Act 2002 5. Naonal Highways Authority of India Act 1998 6. Road
Transport Corporaons Act 1950
Rules 1. Central Motor Vehicle Rules 1989 2. Naonal Highways Fee (Determinaon of Rates and Collecon) Rules
3. Naonal Highways Rules 1957 4. Naonal Highways Tribunal Rules
Dr. S. R. Rao
Adviser, Department of Biotechnology
(DBT), Ministry of Science & Technology,
Government of India
The value chain in agriculture
starts with seed and ends with
spoon. The European Union has
termed it as "farm to fork". The main
components of this value chain include
land, seeds (including genecally
modied seed), water, ferlizers,
pescides, farm equipment, transport,
markeng, livestock, credit, nance, co
operaves, panchayats, etc. Timely
access, availability, aordability, safety
and quality of inputs along with,
facilitaon and services by markets,
banks, panchayats and cooperaves
inuence the farmer's eciency and
farm producvity.
All these components are highly
regulated through various Acts, rules,
orders and nocaons both Central
and State governments. A search in the
data base of ''India.gov.in'' or India
Code Informaon System (INCODIS),
reveals about 150 Act /rules regulang
agriculture, the states accounng for
133 and the remaining 17 being Acts
Retrospection and Reforms Needed to Free Farm from Multiple Ministries
passed by the Indian Parliament since
1834. A closer look at the date reveals
t h a t d i e r e n t m i n i s t r i e s a n d
departments administer one or more of
these Acts/ rules (table1). In addion,
several other Bills are relang to
agriculture/rural development have
either lapsed in the Lok Sabha or
pending in the Rajya Sabha (table 2).
Over and above this, various commissi
ons have been set up from me to me
address issues relang to farming (table
3). In terms of administraon and
governance, several ministries/ depart
ments are involved. For example, at the
Central government level these exist
the Department of Agriculture and
Cooperaon and Department of
Agricultural Research and Educaon
covering research and extension. Indian
Council of Agricultural Research and its
various instuons, Krishi Vigyan
Kendras, etc); Department of Food and
Civil Supplies (covering procurement of
cereals and pulses); Department of
Health and Family Welfare, (covering
Food Safety and Standards Authority for
Processed Food); Department of
Chemicals and Ferlizers; Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate
Change (covering issues relang GM
crops seeds, climate change and
biodiversity); Ministry of Earth
Sciences (covering the Indian Mete
orological Department for forecasng
weather); Department of Biotech
nology, Ministry of Science and
Technology (covering risk assessment of
GM crops and technology development
in agr i cu l ture) ; Department o f
Commerce (dealing with commercial
crops like coee, tea, rubber, coon and
s i lk )and Department of Animal
Husbandry (covering livestock health
and producvity schemes); and
Department of Rural Development and
Panchayat. The state governments are
equally vigorous with at least six
departments/ministries regulang and
controlling agriculture directly or
indirectly.
Retrospection and Reforms Needed
to Free Farm from Multiple Ministries, Acts,
Rules, Regulations, Orders and Commissions
Regulating Agriculture
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 15MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 14
-
www.krishijagran.com
Table 1. Agricultural Legislaons
Act 1. Land Acquision Act, 1894 2. Right To Fair Compensaon And Transparency In Land Acquision,
Rehabilitaon And Reselement Act, 2013 3. The Registraon Act, 1908
Rules 1. Land Acquision (Companies) Rules, 1963 2. Right To Fair Compensaon And Transparency In Land
Acquision, Rehabilitaon And Reselement (Social Impact Assessment And Consent) Rules, 2014
Other 1. Naonal Rehabilitaon & Reselement Policy, 2007 2. Registraon (Amendment) Bill, 2013
Seed
Act 1. The Seed Act, 1966 2. The Seeds (Amendments) Act, 1972 3. The Essenal Commodies Act 1955 4. The
Essenal Commodies Act 1955(Amendment upto 1986) 5. The essenal Commodies (Amendment) Act,
2006 6. Protecon of Plant Variees & Farmers' Right Act,2001Rules and Regulaon
Rules 1. The Seed Rules,1968 2. The Seeds (Amendments) Rules, 1973,1974,1981
Other 1. The Seed (Control)Order,1983 2. The Seed (Control)Order,1983 3. Amendment in seeds (Control) Order,
1983 4. New Policy on seed Development 5. Amendment of New Policy on Seed Development
Water
Act 1. The Water (Prevenon and Control of Polluon) Cess Act, 1977, amended 1992 2. The Water (Prevenon
and Control of Polluon) Cess (Amendment) Act, 2003 3. The water (Prevenon and Control of Polluon) Act,
1974, amended 1988 4. Betwa River Board Act, 1976 amended 1977 5. NW1 Allahabad to Haldia stretch of
GangaBhagirathiHooghly river Act 1982 6. NW2 Sadiya Dhubri stretch of river Brahmaputra Act 1988 7. NW
4 KakinadaPuducherry stretch of canals and Kaluyelly tank, BhadrachalamRajahumundry stretch of river
Godavari and WazirabadVijaywada stretch of river Krishna Act 2008 8. NW5 TalcherDhamra stretch of rivers
Geonkhalicharbaa stretch of east coast canal charbaadharma stretch of matai river and mahanadi delta
river Act 2008
Rules 1. The Central Poluon Control Board (Amendment) Rules, 2012 2. The water (Prevenon and Control of
Polluon) Amendment Rules, 2011 3. The water (Prevenon and Control of Polluon)Cess Rules, 1978 4. The
water (Prevenon and Control of Polluon) Rules, 1975 5. Betwa River Board Rules, 1977 amended 1979
Other 1. Betwa River Board Regulaons 1978, amended 1982 2. Naonal Water Policy 2002 3. Naonal Water Policy
2012
Ferlizer
Act 1. Essenal Commodies Act, 1955
Other 1. Ferlizer (Control) Order, 1957/1985 (FCO.) 2. Schedule I3. Schedule III4. Schedule IV 5. Schedule V 6.
Ferlizer (Movement Control) Order, 1960/1973/2001 (FMCO) 7. New Investment Policy, 2012 8. Ferlizer
Amendments 2013 9. Guidelines for manufacture and sale of Customized Ferlizer under Clause 20'B' of FCO.
1985 10. Guidelines for inclusion of Ferlizers in Schedule & Clause 20'A' of FCO 11. ECA Allocaon Orders
(issued biannually).
Pescide & Plant Quaranne
Act 1. Destrucve Insect and Pests Act,1914 (2 of 1914) and Amendments 2. Inseccides Act, 1968 amended,
2000
Rules 1. Inseccides Rules,1971
Other 1. The PQ Order, 2003Consolidated Version 2. Nocaon for Banning the Use of Monocrotophons on
Vegetable (06.06.2005) 3. Order dated 13122011 passed in Writ peon Civil) No. 213 of 2011 lled by
Democrac Youth Federaon of India Vs Union of India and Others in the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India 4.
Cancellaon of Cercate of Registraon Order, 2010 issues under the inseccides Act, 1968 5. Plant
Quaranne Order, 2004 6. Plant Quaranne Order Amendments, 2009
Genecally Modied Organisms (GMOs)
Act 1. Environment Protecon Act, 1986 2. Protecon of Plant Variees and Farmers' Rights Act (PPVFRA), 2001
3. Naonal Biodiversity Act, 2002 4. Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006
Other 1. Naonal Seed Policy, 2002 2. Plant Quaranne (Regulaon of Import into India) Order, 2003 3. Foreign
Trade Policy, 2006 4. Recombinant DNA Safety Guidelines, 1990 5. Revised Recombinant DNA Safety
Guidelines, 1994 6. Revised Guidelines for Research in Transgenic Plants & Guidelines for Toxicity and
Allergenicity Evaluaon of Transgenic Seeds, Plants and Plant Parts, 1998
Equipment
Act 1. Dangerous Machine Act 1983
Rules 1. Dangerous Machines (Regulaon ) Rules, 2007
Transport
Act 1. Motor Vehicles Act 1988 2. Carriage by Road Act Rules 3. Central Road Fund Act and Rules 4. Control of
Naonal Highways (Land and Tari) Act 2002 5. Naonal Highways Authority of India Act 1998 6. Road
Transport Corporaons Act 1950
Rules 1. Central Motor Vehicle Rules 1989 2. Naonal Highways Fee (Determinaon of Rates and Collecon) Rules
3. Naonal Highways Rules 1957 4. Naonal Highways Tribunal Rules
Dr. S. R. Rao
Adviser, Department of Biotechnology
(DBT), Ministry of Science & Technology,
Government of India
The value chain in agriculture
starts with seed and ends with
spoon. The European Union has
termed it as "farm to fork". The main
components of this value chain include
land, seeds (including genecally
modied seed), water, ferlizers,
pescides, farm equipment, transport,
markeng, livestock, credit, nance, co
operaves, panchayats, etc. Timely
access, availability, aordability, safety
and quality of inputs along with,
facilitaon and services by markets,
banks, panchayats and cooperaves
inuence the farmer's eciency and
farm producvity.
All these components are highly
regulated through various Acts, rules,
orders and nocaons both Central
and State governments. A search in the
data base of ''India.gov.in'' or India
Code Informaon System (INCODIS),
reveals about 150 Act /rules regulang
agriculture, the states accounng for
133 and the remaining 17 being Acts
Retrospection and Reforms Needed to Free Farm from Multiple Ministries
passed by the Indian Parliament since
1834. A closer look at the date reveals
t h a t d i e r e n t m i n i s t r i e s a n d
departments administer one or more of
these Acts/ rules (table1). In addion,
several other Bills are relang to
agriculture/rural development have
either lapsed in the Lok Sabha or
pending in the Rajya Sabha (table 2).
Over and above this, various commissi
ons have been set up from me to me
address issues relang to farming (table
3). In terms of administraon and
governance, several ministries/ depart
ments are involved. For example, at the
Central government level these exist
the Department of Agriculture and
Cooperaon and Department of
Agricultural Research and Educaon
covering research and extension. Indian
Council of Agricultural Research and its
various instuons, Krishi Vigyan
Kendras, etc); Department of Food and
Civil Supplies (covering procurement of
cereals and pulses); Department of
Health and Family Welfare, (covering
Food Safety and Standards Authority for
Processed Food); Department of
Chemicals and Ferlizers; Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate
Change (covering issues relang GM
crops seeds, climate change and
biodiversity); Ministry of Earth
Sciences (covering the Indian Mete
orological Department for forecasng
weather); Department of Biotech
nology, Ministry of Science and
Technology (covering risk assessment of
GM crops and technology development
in agr i cu l ture) ; Department o f
Commerce (dealing with commercial
crops like coee, tea, rubber, coon and
s i lk )and Department of Animal
Husbandry (covering livestock health
and producvity schemes); and
Department of Rural Development and
Panchayat. The state governments are
equally vigorous with at least six
departments/ministries regulang and
controlling agriculture directly or
indirectly.
Retrospection and Reforms Needed
to Free Farm from Multiple Ministries, Acts,
Rules, Regulations, Orders and Commissions
Regulating Agriculture
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 15MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 14
-
www.krishijagran.com
Table 2 . Status of Several Bills on Agriculture/ Rural development
Table 3. Commissions directly or indirectly related to Agriculture
Name of Commission Set Up by
Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices Ministry of Agriculture
Naonal Commission on Agriculture, 1976 Ministry of Agriculture
Naonal Commission on Cale, 2001 Government of India
Naonal Commission on Farmers,2004 Ministry of Agriculture
Finance Commission of India, 1951 Government of India
Forward Markets Commission, 2014 Ministry of Finance
Investment commission of India, 2004 Ministry of Finance
Gadgil Commission, 2011 Ministry of Environment and Forests
Naonal Stascal Commission,2005 Government of India
Central Water Commission Ministry of Water Resources
Agricultural legislaon in Indian country is a the legacy of the
Brish. Aer independence, the number of agencies involved as well
as the , rules and regulaons have, in fact, increased, contribung to
the remarkable progress in the farm sector. The country is now not
only selfsucient on the farm front but also a net exporter, although
sizable amounts of oil and pulses are imported. But despite all the
Other 1. Nocaon under Motor Vehicle Legislaon 2. Nocaon on Naonal Highways 3. Nocaon regarding
Automave Industry Standards
Agricultural Markeng
Act 1. Model APMC Act 2. Agriculture Produce (Grading &Marking)Act,1937 (Act No1 of 1937)as Amended Up to
1986
Rules 1. Model APMC Rules 2. General Grading &Markeng Rules 1988 3. Organic Agricultural Produce Grading and
Marking (Amendment) Rules ,2011 4. Organic Agricultural Produce Grading and Marking Rules, 2009
Livestock
Act 1. The maritime zones of India (Regulation of shing by Foreign Vessels Act), 1981 2. Indian Veterinary
Council Act, 1984 (No.52 of 1984) 3. Prevention and Control of Infectious and Contagious Diseases in
Animals Act, 2009 (Uttar Pradesh)
Rules 1. The Prevention & Control of Infectious & Contagious diseases in Animal Rules, 2009 2. The Prevention &
Control of Infectious & Contagious diseases in Animal Rules, 2010 3. Indian Veterinary Council Rules, 1985
Other 1. Milk and Milk Product Order, 1992 2. Removal/Continuance of Restrictions on various items already under
restricted list in Exim policy 3. Veterinary Council of India (Inspectors and Visitors) Regulaon, 1991 4.
Veterinary Council of India (Genaral) Regulaon, 1991 5. Veterinary Council of India (Registraon) Regulaon,
1991 6. Veterinary Council of India (Standard of Professional ) Regulaon, 1991 7. Veterinary Council of India
(Standard of professional conduct, Equee and code of ethics, for veterinary Praconer)Regulaon, 1992
8. Veterinary Council of India (Fees and allowances) Regulaon, 1992 9. Veterinary Council of India (Minimum
Standard of Veterinary Educaon Degree CourseB.V.SC & AH) Regulaon, 1993 10. Veterinary Council of
India (Elecon of President & VicePresident) Regulaon, 1995 11. Veterinary Council of India (Terms and
Condion of Services of Ocers and other Employees) Regulaon, 2001
Food Processing
Act 1. Essenal Commodies Act, 1955 2. Food Safety and Standard Act, 2006
Other 1. Fruit Product Order (FPO),1955 2. Meat Food Product Order (MFPO), 1973
Credit and Finance
Act 1. Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act, 1879 2. Northern India Act,1879 3. Land Development Act,1871 4.
Agriculturalist Loans Act, 1884 5. The Banking Regulaon Act, 1949
Other 1. Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) 2. Land Development Bank 3. Cooperaves Banks 4. Commercial Banks 5.
Regional Rural Banks 6. Credit Sociees 7. Self Help Group (SHGs) 8. NABARD
Cooperaves sector
Act 1. MulState Cooperave Sociees Act,2002 2. Model Byelaws for Registraon of Sociees under MSCS
Act,2002
Rules 1. NCDC Rules, 1975 2. NCDC Rules, 1975 (As amended up to 16 June 2008) 3. MulState Cooperave
Sociees Rules 2002
Other 1. NCDC General Regulaons, 1975 2. NCDC General Regulaons, 1975(As amended up to 7 March 2008) 3.
NCDC Services Regulaons 4. NCDC Services Regulaons(amendment published in Gazee of India upto
31.12.2011)
Panchayat
rd
Other 1. The 93 amendment To the constuon (Eleventh Schedule, Arcle 243G) accorded constuonal status to
the Panchayats
Other
Act 1. Biological Diversity Act, 2002 2. The Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005 3. Trademarks (Amendment) Act,
2007 (replaced the Trademarks Act of 1958 and 1999) 4. Geographical indicaons of Goods (Registraon and
Protecon) Act 1999 5. The Copyright (Amendment) Act, 1999 (in place of earlier Copyright Act of 1957) 6.
The Customs Act, 1962
Rules 1. Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2006 2. Geographical indicaons of Goods (Registraon and Protecon) Rules,
2002
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 17MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 16
Year Bill Status
2014 The Right to Fair Compensaon and Transparency in Land Acquision, Rehabilitaon and In force
Reselement (Amendment) Ordinance
2013 The Registraon (Amendment) Bill Pending
2013 The Naonal Food Security Bill Pending
2013 The Naonal Food Security Ordinance Lapsed
2013 The Agricultural Biosecurity Bill Lapsed
2012 The Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University Bill Passed
2012 The Naonal Cooperave Development Corporaon (Amendment) Bill Lapsed
2011 The Naonal Food Security Bil Withdrawn
2010 The Forward Contracts (Regulaon) Amendment Bill Lapsed
2004 The Seeds Bill Pending
2008 The Pescide Management Bill Pending
2010 The Dam Safety Bill Lapsed
2009 The Naonal Rural Employment Guarantee (Amendment) Bill Passed
2008 The Legal Metrology Bill Passed
2009 The Essenal Commodies (Amendment and Validaon) Bill Passed
2008 The Forward Contracts (Regulaon) Amendment Bill Lapsed
2007 The Rehabilitaon and Reselement Bill Lapsed
2007 The Land Acquision (Amendment) Bill Lapsed
2005 The Prevenon and Control of Infecous & Contagious Diseases in Animals (Amendment) Bill Passed
2008 The Sugar Development Fund (Amendment) Bill Passed
2005 The Warehousing (Development and Regulaon) Bill Passed
2007 The Naonal Rural Employment Guarantee (Extension To Jammu and Kashmir) Bill Passed
2005 The Food Safety and Standards Bill Passed
2005 The Standards of Weights and Measures (Enforcement) Amendment Bill Withdrawn
2006 The Forward Contracts (Regulaon) Amendment Bill Replaced by a new Bill
2013 The Right to Fair Compensaon and Transparency in Land Acquision, Rehabilitaon and Reselement Bill Passed
Fig. 1: BiotechLab
Retrospection and Reforms Needed to Free Farm from Multiple Ministries
-
www.krishijagran.com
Table 2 . Status of Several Bills on Agriculture/ Rural development
Table 3. Commissions directly or indirectly related to Agriculture
Name of Commission Set Up by
Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices Ministry of Agriculture
Naonal Commission on Agriculture, 1976 Ministry of Agriculture
Naonal Commission on Cale, 2001 Government of India
Naonal Commission on Farmers,2004 Ministry of Agriculture
Finance Commission of India, 1951 Government of India
Forward Markets Commission, 2014 Ministry of Finance
Investment commission of India, 2004 Ministry of Finance
Gadgil Commission, 2011 Ministry of Environment and Forests
Naonal Stascal Commission,2005 Government of India
Central Water Commission Ministry of Water Resources
Agricultural legislaon in Indian country is a the legacy of the
Brish. Aer independence, the number of agencies involved as well
as the , rules and regulaons have, in fact, increased, contribung to
the remarkable progress in the farm sector. The country is now not
only selfsucient on the farm front but also a net exporter, although
sizable amounts of oil and pulses are imported. But despite all the
Other 1. Nocaon under Motor Vehicle Legislaon 2. Nocaon on Naonal Highways 3. Nocaon regarding
Automave Industry Standards
Agricultural Markeng
Act 1. Model APMC Act 2. Agriculture Produce (Grading &Marking)Act,1937 (Act No1 of 1937)as Amended Up to
1986
Rules 1. Model APMC Rules 2. General Grading &Markeng Rules 1988 3. Organic Agricultural Produce Grading and
Marking (Amendment) Rules ,2011 4. Organic Agricultural Produce Grading and Marking Rules, 2009
Livestock
Act 1. The maritime zones of India (Regulation of shing by Foreign Vessels Act), 1981 2. Indian Veterinary
Council Act, 1984 (No.52 of 1984) 3. Prevention and Control of Infectious and Contagious Diseases in
Animals Act, 2009 (Uttar Pradesh)
Rules 1. The Prevention & Control of Infectious & Contagious diseases in Animal Rules, 2009 2. The Prevention &
Control of Infectious & Contagious diseases in Animal Rules, 2010 3. Indian Veterinary Council Rules, 1985
Other 1. Milk and Milk Product Order, 1992 2. Removal/Continuance of Restrictions on various items already under
restricted list in Exim policy 3. Veterinary Council of India (Inspectors and Visitors) Regulaon, 1991 4.
Veterinary Council of India (Genaral) Regulaon, 1991 5. Veterinary Council of India (Registraon) Regulaon,
1991 6. Veterinary Council of India (Standard of Professional ) Regulaon, 1991 7. Veterinary Council of India
(Standard of professional conduct, Equee and code of ethics, for veterinary Praconer)Regulaon, 1992
8. Veterinary Council of India (Fees and allowances) Regulaon, 1992 9. Veterinary Council of India (Minimum
Standard of Veterinary Educaon Degree CourseB.V.SC & AH) Regulaon, 1993 10. Veterinary Council of
India (Elecon of President & VicePresident) Regulaon, 1995 11. Veterinary Council of India (Terms and
Condion of Services of Ocers and other Employees) Regulaon, 2001
Food Processing
Act 1. Essenal Commodies Act, 1955 2. Food Safety and Standard Act, 2006
Other 1. Fruit Product Order (FPO),1955 2. Meat Food Product Order (MFPO), 1973
Credit and Finance
Act 1. Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act, 1879 2. Northern India Act,1879 3. Land Development Act,1871 4.
Agriculturalist Loans Act, 1884 5. The Banking Regulaon Act, 1949
Other 1. Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) 2. Land Development Bank 3. Cooperaves Banks 4. Commercial Banks 5.
Regional Rural Banks 6. Credit Sociees 7. Self Help Group (SHGs) 8. NABARD
Cooperaves sector
Act 1. MulState Cooperave Sociees Act,2002 2. Model Byelaws for Registraon of Sociees under MSCS
Act,2002
Rules 1. NCDC Rules, 1975 2. NCDC Rules, 1975 (As amended up to 16 June 2008) 3. MulState Cooperave
Sociees Rules 2002
Other 1. NCDC General Regulaons, 1975 2. NCDC General Regulaons, 1975(As amended up to 7 March 2008) 3.
NCDC Services Regulaons 4. NCDC Services Regulaons(amendment published in Gazee of India upto
31.12.2011)
Panchayat
rd
Other 1. The 93 amendment To the constuon (Eleventh Schedule, Arcle 243G) accorded constuonal status to
the Panchayats
Other
Act 1. Biological Diversity Act, 2002 2. The Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005 3. Trademarks (Amendment) Act,
2007 (replaced the Trademarks Act of 1958 and 1999) 4. Geographical indicaons of Goods (Registraon and
Protecon) Act 1999 5. The Copyright (Amendment) Act, 1999 (in place of earlier Copyright Act of 1957) 6.
The Customs Act, 1962
Rules 1. Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2006 2. Geographical indicaons of Goods (Registraon and Protecon) Rules,
2002
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 17MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 16
Year Bill Status
2014 The Right to Fair Compensaon and Transparency in Land Acquision, Rehabilitaon and In force
Reselement (Amendment) Ordinance
2013 The Registraon (Amendment) Bill Pending
2013 The Naonal Food Security Bill Pending
2013 The Naonal Food Security Ordinance Lapsed
2013 The Agricultural Biosecurity Bill Lapsed
2012 The Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University Bill Passed
2012 The Naonal Cooperave Development Corporaon (Amendment) Bill Lapsed
2011 The Naonal Food Security Bil Withdrawn
2010 The Forward Contracts (Regulaon) Amendment Bill Lapsed
2004 The Seeds Bill Pending
2008 The Pescide Management Bill Pending
2010 The Dam Safety Bill Lapsed
2009 The Naonal Rural Employment Guarantee (Amendment) Bill Passed
2008 The Legal Metrology Bill Passed
2009 The Essenal Commodies (Amendment and Validaon) Bill Passed
2008 The Forward Contracts (Regulaon) Amendment Bill Lapsed
2007 The Rehabilitaon and Reselement Bill Lapsed
2007 The Land Acquision (Amendment) Bill Lapsed
2005 The Prevenon and Control of Infecous & Contagious Diseases in Animals (Amendment) Bill Passed
2008 The Sugar Development Fund (Amendment) Bill Passed
2005 The Warehousing (Development and Regulaon) Bill Passed
2007 The Naonal Rural Employment Guarantee (Extension To Jammu and Kashmir) Bill Passed
2005 The Food Safety and Standards Bill Passed
2005 The Standards of Weights and Measures (Enforcement) Amendment Bill Withdrawn
2006 The Forward Contracts (Regulaon) Amendment Bill Replaced by a new Bill
2013 The Right to Fair Compensaon and Transparency in Land Acquision, Rehabilitaon and Reselement Bill Passed
Fig. 1: BiotechLab
Retrospection and Reforms Needed to Free Farm from Multiple Ministries
-
MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 18 MARCH 2015 | AGRICULTURE WORLD | Issue-3 19
progress, the expected levels of shi in
agriculture from subsistence to semi
commercial or commercial farming
and/or the tradional systems to
improved producon or technology
Driven systems have not kept pace with
the growing demands and challenges .
Enlightened legislaon, however, holds
out the prospect of addressing several
of the shortcomings and achieving the
desired progress since. Since indepe
ndence, a series of amendments have
been made to various laws, and as the
science and art of agriculture advances,
new regulaons will surely be brought
in, keeping in touch with internaonal
developments and treaes, India has
also revised some of the older laws and
come up with fresh legislaon that has
a bearing on agriculture.
Some agricultural reform experts
however argue that while laws and
regulaons are essenal for any
naonal agricultural system, over
regulaon involving mulple agencies,
acts, rules and policy making comm
issions with lile or no coherence,
synergy and relevance to the current
context is not desirable. On the other
hand, underregulaon with no welfare
and quality control measures is also not
desirable. The dynamic nature of
scienc and technological breakth
roughs, increasing awareness of
farmers and their role in polics and
policy making, the market economy and
ongoing economic reforms as well as
the revoluon in telecommunicaons
and informaon technology point to
the vital need to simplify, consolidate
and remove redundancy in the
legislaon related to this sector. For
example, the roles of government
regulaons on the one hands and
agricultural research and extensions, on
the other, have oen been dicult to
understand. Seeds, pescides, and
ferl i zers are now increas ing ly
distributed by poorly regulated trade
and merchants, rather than by state
government input enterprises that
dominated the scene unl recently. As
the involvement of the public sector in
input provision diminishes, and with
increasing recognion of the farmer's
capacity to select appropriate quality
inputs, the future role of the Govern
ment needs to be reconsidered.
Decisions regarding input ecacy will
increasingly be le to markets and
farmers in the future while research
and extension services by the public
sector provides informaon and
recommendaons.
Conducng a comprehensive
analysis of various aspects of agricu
ltural legislaon in any country is
potenally a huge task and it is not
possible to full jusce to its legal
framework. Therefore, a few key
indicators should be evolved through
stakeholder consultaons, parcularly
involving farming communies. In
theory, it would be necessary to
e x a m i n e e v e r y r e l e v a n t l e g a l
framework and how it is perceived by
the people subject to it and the eects it
has on the farming ecosystem.
An aempt was made in the
d i recon recent ly by the new
Government farming legislaon on
environment The Ministry of Envir
onment, Forests and Climate Change
(MOEF&CC) vide its order No. 22
15/2014IA. III dated 29th August,
2014, constuted a commiee to
examine the funconing of the forest,
wildlife and environment related
statutes to improve the legal framework
.To improve the legal framework of
environment the expert commiee was
asked to assess the status of implem
entaon of each of the exisng Act vis
vis its objecves, examine various
court orders and judicial pronoun
cements relang to these Acts,
recommend specic amendments to
these Acts in l ine with current
requirements and to dra proposed
amendments in each of the aforesaid
Acts to give eecveness to the
proposed recommendaons to future
requirements in mind. Through a
dialogue and discussion with various
stake holders and to bring in a single
window system for environmental
clearances the commiee decided to
recommend the following course of
acon:
(i) Parliament to enact a law that
would constute 'Naonal Environ
ment Management Authority' (NEMA)
at the Centre and 'State Environment
Management Authority' (SEMA) in
states. Both comprising of experts in
dierent elds and will deal with
appl icaons for c learances and
permissions under Environment
Related laws at the Central and State
level respecvely, thus leading to the
creaon of a single window system.
(ii) The new, Environmental Laws
(Management) Act (ELMA), would
obl ige an appl icant to d isc lose
everything about his proposed project,
especially its possible potenal to
pollute and the proposed soluon
thereto in short, all that would be
relevant to taking a decision on granng
or refusing the clearance applied for.
The proponent and the experts who
support a party's case will be required
by law to cerfy that 'The facts stated
are true and that no informaon that
would be relevant to the clearance has
been concealed or suppressed.'
The Canadian General Standards Board published Canada's Organic Aquaculture Standard in May 2012. The
standard is based on the same
principles as organic agriculture. It
prohibits anbiocs, limits the stocking
density of aquac species, GE aquac
animals and plants chemical an
foulants. Pescide treatments are
carefully restricted and feed including
GE feed is ghtly controlled, including
prohibions on growthpromong
hormones, arcial colouring and other
synthecs. Fishmeal and sh oil must be
organic when commercially available,
or sourced from trimmings of sh
caught for human consumpon from
sustainable sheries.
Across Canada, more than 20
companies have been cered to the
v o l u n t a r y C a n a d i a n O r g a n i c
Aquaculture Standard. These include
producers of salmon, mussels, trout,
sablesh, sturgeon and caviar, as well as
sh feed manufacturers and sh
processing facilies. Several companies
are seeking cercaon for processing
organic sh waste to produce cered
livestock feed and soil amendments.
The standard is voluntary because
it is not yet referenced in government
regulaon, so organic aquaculture
products may not carry the ocial
'Canada Organic' logo, nor are they
included in Canada's equivalency
arrangements with the U.S. and EU.
However, as part of the new Safe Food
for Canad ians Regu laons , the
Government plans to bring organic Fig.2 & 3: Target Marine Hatcheries
Fig.1: Creave Salmon in Brish Columbia
aquaculture products into the scope of the Canada Organic Regime. This is likely to
be published in the 2015 Parliamentary Gazee and become fully implemented
within the next couple of years. The Canada Organic Trade Associaon has
recommended a minimum twoyear stream of commerce policy for organic
aquaculture products in the marketplace, to allow all stakeholders me to come
into full compliance with the law. For more informaon on Canada's Organic
Aquaculture Standard, please see: www.aquaculture.ca