Agriculture and Rural Development inIndia Since 1947

Incorporatingv —-

A Comprehensive Analytical Account of Various Policies and Programmes forDevelopment of Agriculture and Allied Activities, and Rural Areas with Focus on• Agriculture in India's Five Year Plans • Agrarian Relations and Land Reforms• Agricultural Inputs and Services • Agricultural/Rural Credit •- New AgriculturalStrategy • Agricultural Marketing and Trade • Agricultural Price Policy, Food Subsidyand Public Distribution System • Agriculture/Rural Insurance • Taxation ofAgricultural Income • Indian Agriculture and Information Technology • IndianAgriculture and WTO • Rural Employment • Rural Industries • Rural Housing• Education and Training • Rural Health and Family Welfare • Rural Sanitation andCleanliness • Rural Electrification and Water Supply • Rural Transport andCommunications • Empowerment of Disadvantaged Groups in Rural . Areas• E-Governance in Rural Areas

Year-wise Review of Agricultural/Rural Developments in India: 1947-48 to 2008-09

Appendices containing information on • National Policy for Farmers, 2007 • BharatNirman Programme • Recommendations of the Committee on Financial Inclusion,January 2008

Glossary of Agricultural Terms

Time-series Data on Indian Agriculture: 1950-51 to 2007-08

Dr. Chandra Shekhar Prasad

NEW

New Century PublicationsCENTURY New Delhi, India

Contents

Author's Note on the Book vii-xl

Part I: Agriculture Development in India

1. Agriculture in India: An Introduction 1-201.1 Pre-Independence Agrarian System

1.1.1 Self-sufficient Village Economy1.1.2 Consequences of British Rule

1.2 Agriculture in the Constitution of India1.3 Role of Agriculture in the Indian Economy1.4 Land Resources of India

1.4.1 Use Distribution of India's Geographical Area1.5 Subsistence Nature of Farming and Small-sized Holdings

1.5.1 Reasons for Small Holdings1.5.2 Disadvantages of Small Holdings1.5.3 Farm Size and Productivity

1.6 Cropping Pattern in Indian Agriculture1.6.1 Classification of Agricultural Crops

1.7 Low Productivity of Indian Agriculture1.7.1 Causes of Low Productivity

1.8 Land Pollution, Land Degradation and Remedial Measures1.8.1 Wasteland Development

2. Agriculture Policy and Development inIndia's Five Year Plans 21-41

2.1 First Five Year Plan: 1951-52 to 1955-562.2 Second Five Year Plan: 1956-57 to 1960-612.3 Third Five Year Plan: 1961-62 to 1965-662.4 Annual Plans

2.4.1 Annual Plan, 1966-672.4.2 Annual Plan, 1967-682.4.3 Annual Plan, 1968-69

2.5 Fourth Five Year Plan: 1969-70 to 1973-742.6 Fifth Five Year Plan: 1974-75 to 1978-792.7 Sixth Five Year Plan: 1980-81 to 1984-852.8 Seventh Five Year Plan: 1985-86 to 1989-90

Contents xlv

2.9 Eighth Five Year Plan: 1992-93 to 1996-972.10 Ninth Five Year Plan: 1997-98 to 2001-022.11 Tenth Five Year Plan: 2002-03 to 2006-072.12 Eleventh Five Year Plan: 2007-08 to 2011-12

3. Agrarian Relations and Land Reforms 42-563.1 Aspects of Land Reforms

3.1.1 Abolition of Intermediaries v —3.1.2 Tenancy Reforms3.1.3 Ceiling on Land Holdings3.1.4 Consolidation of Holdings3.1.5 Protection of Tribals' Rights in Land3.1.6 Modernization of Land Administration

3.2 Critical Appraisal of Land Reforms in India3.2.1 Lack of Political Will3.2.2 Indifferent Attitude of Bureaucracy3.2.3 Legal System Protecting Right to Property3.2.4 Absence of Pressure from Rural Poor3.2.5 Absence of Up-to-date Land Records

3.3 Recent Five Year Plans on Land Reforms3.3.1 Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-97)3.3.2 Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-02)3.3.3 Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07)3.3.4 Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12)

3.4 National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy (NRRP), 20073.4.1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, 2007

4. Agricultural Inputs and Services 57-824.1 Seeds

4.1.1 Pilot Scheme on Seed Crop Insurance4.1.2 National Seeds Policy, 20024.1.3 Private Sector in Seed Production

4.2 Manures and Fertilizers4.2.1 Fertilizer Consumption Policy4.2.2 Urea Pricing, Control and Subsidy4.2.3 Fertilizer Subsidy and Soil Health

4.3 Water Availability and Irrigation4.3.1 Constitutional Provisions

xlvi Agriculture and Rural Development in India Since 1947

4.3.2 Rivers of India4.3.3 Rainfall4.3.4 Underground Water4.3.5 Water Resources Potential4.3.6 Utilization of Water4.3.7 Sources of Irrigation4.3.8 Minor and Major Irrigation Schemes4.3.9 History of Indian Irrigation4.3.10 Present Situation4.3.11 Command Area Development Programme (CADP)4.3.12 Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP)4.3.13 Watershed Development4.3.14 Water Pollution4.3.15 Climate Change and Uncertainty in Water Availability4.3.16 Future Requirements of Water4.3.17 Water Crisis Scenario4.3.18 Conclusion

4.4 Plants Protection and Insecticides4.4.1 Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

4.5 Implements and Machinery (Mechanization Debate)4.6 Agricultural Research4.7 National Project on Management of Soil Health and Fertility, 20084.8 Conclusion

5. Agricultural Workers 83-865.1 Problems of Agricultural Workers5.2 Remedial Measures

5.2.1 House Sites5.2.2 Resettlement Schemes for Landless Workers

5.3 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005

6. Agricultural/Rural Credit 87-1136.1 Credit Needs of the Indian Farmers6.2 Extent and Nature of Rural Indebtedness

6.2.1 Distribution of Cash Debt by Credit Agencies6.2.2 A Comparative View of Rural Households Only6.2.3 Distribution of Cash Credit by Purpose6.2.4 A Comparative View of Rural Households Only

Contents xlvii

6.3 Credit Co-operative Societies6.4 Co-operative Banks

6.4.1 Classification of Co-operative Banks6.5 Rural Co-operatives

6.5.1 Short-term Rural Co-operatives6.5.2 Long-term Rural Co-operatives

6.6 Rural Co-operatives: History and Recent Policy Measures6.7 Primary Agricultural Credit SocietiesXPAGS)6.8 Task Force on Revival of Rural Co-operative Credit Institutions6.9 NABARD and the Co-operative Sector

6.9.1 Credit Extended by NABARD6.10 Micro Finance

6.10.1 Regional Spread6.10.2 Graduation of Mature SHGs into Micro-enterprises6.10.3 Micro-finance and the Government6.10.4 Micro-finance and the RBI

6.11 Kisan Credit Cards (KCCs)6.12 Moneylenders6.13 Advisory Committee on the Flow of Credit to Agriculture and Related

Activities from the Banking System (Chairman: V.S. Vyas), 20046.14 Agricultural Credit: Recent Policy Announcements6.15 Agricultural Credit in the 2006-07 Union Budget6.16 Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 20086.17 Conclusion

7. New Agricultural Strategy/Green Revolution 114-1187.1 Scope and Achievements of High Yielding Variety (HYV) Programme7.2 Problems Created by Green Revolution

7.2.1 Inter-regional Inequalities7.2.2 Inter-personal Inequalities7.2.3 Inter-crop Imbalances7.2.4 Fluctuating Output7.2.5 Neutrality to Scale7.2.6 Social Costs

8. Agricultural Marketing and Trade 119-1308.1 Nature and Significance of Agricultural Marketing8.2 Present System of Marketing Agricultural Produce

xlviii Agriculture and Rural Development in India Since 1947

8.3 Measures to Improve Agricultural Marketing8.4 Inter-Ministerial Task Force on Agricultural Marketing8.5 Salient Features of the Model Act for State Agricultural Produce Marketing

(Development and Regulation) Act, 20038.6 Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) on Agricultural Marketing8.7 Agricultural Marketing and Trade in the National Policy for Farmers8.8 Gramin Bhandaran Yojana, (Rural Godown Scheme), 2007-12

8.8.1 Objectives of the Scheme v —8.8.2 Salient Features of the Scheme

8.9 Agricultural Marketing Information Network (AGMARKNET), 20008.9.1 Objectives of the Scheme8.9.2 Proposed Activities

8.10 Modern Food Retailing

9. Agricultural Price Policy, Food Subsidy and PublicDistribution System 131-143

9.1 Minimum Support Prices9.1.1 Historical Perspective9.1.2 Methodology for Cost Calculation9.1.3 Economic Cost of Foodgrains to Food Corporation of India (FCI)

9.2 Food Subsidy9.3 Burgeoning Food Stocks

9.3.1 Macro Implications9.3.2 Decentralised Procurement Scheme

9.4 Public Distribution System (PDS)9.4.1 Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)

9.5 Report on the High Level Committee on Long-term Grain Policy9.6 Food Policy: An Outlook

10. Plantation, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry,Dairy Farming and Fisheries 144-153

10.1 Diversification of Indian Agriculture10.2 Plantation Sector

10.2.1 Tea Plantation10.2.2 Coffee Plantation10.2.3 Rubber Plantation

10.3 Horticultural Crops10.3.1 National Horticulture Mission

Contents xlix

10.3.2 Horticulture and Agro-processing Industry10.4 Animal Husbandry, Dairy Farming, and Fisheries

10.4.1 National Project on Cattle and Buffalo Breeding10.4.2 Dairy Farming10.4.3 Fisheries

11. Agriculture/Rural Insurance 154-18511.1 Why is Insurance Business Agriculture Shy?

11.1.1 Fragmented and Scattered Holdings11.1.2 Inadequate Expertise11.1.3 Underdeveloped Infrastructure11.1.4 High Administrative Cost11.1.5 Illiteracy and Ignorance11.1.6 Inadequate Capital Base

11.2 Need for Insurance in Agricultural Sector11.3 Classification of Agriculture Sector for Insurance Purpose

11.3.1 Traditional or Subsistence Agriculture11.3.2 Semi-commercial and Emerging Sector11.3.3 Commercial Farming Sector11.3.4 Specialised Production Systems

11.4 Insurance Penetration in Agriculture: Potential and Requirements11.4.1 Gaining Foothold11.4.2 Controlling Costs11.4.3 Coordination between Banking and Insurance Sectors11.4.4 Local Representation11.4.5 Education and Training11.4.6 Insurance on Group Basis11.4.7 Step-by-step Approach11.4.8 Publicity Campaigns

11.5 Issues for Consideration11.5.1 Risk Management of Agricultural Insurance11.5.2 Financial Implications11.5.3 Role of the State11.5.4 Realignment of Insurance Business for Agriculture Sector11.5.5 Scope of Private Sector Companies11.5.6 Role of Parastatal Insurance Organisations11.5.7 Market-sponsored Companies11.5.8 Reinsurance

I Agriculture and Rural Development in India Since 1947

11.6 Advent and Development of Agriculture/Rural Insurance in India11.7 Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme (CCIS): Scope and Contents

11.7.1 Drawbacks of CCIS11.7.2 Experimental Crop Insurance Scheme (ECIS)

11.8 National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS)11.8.1 Operational Modalities11.8.2 Critical Comments11.8.3 Rainfall Insurance Scheme Varsha Bima

11.9 Pilot Scheme on Seed Crop Insurance11.10 Farm Income Insurance Scheme (FIIS)11.12 Non-crop Insurance Schemes11.13 Agriculture Insurance Corporation11.14 R.N. Malhotra Committee (1994) on Rural Insurance11.15 Concluding Observations

12. Taxation of Agricultural Income 186-19412.1 Constitutional Provisions12.2 Committee on Taxation of Agricultural Wealth and Income, 1972

12.2.1 Views of the State Governments12.3 Tax Reforms Committee, 199112.4 Task Force on Direct Taxes, 2002

12.4.1 Critical Comments

13. Indian Agriculture and Information Technology 195-20213.1 Need for IT-based Services to Farmers13.2 IFFCO-ISRO Cooperation13.3 Cyber Dhabas13.4 E-Choupal13.5 National E-governance Plan (2003-07)13.6 Other IT Services to Agricultural Sector

13.6.1 LAN at Ministry of Agriculture13.6.2 Plant Protection Informatics and Communication Network (PPIN)13.6.3 Agricultural Marketing Information Network (AGMARKNET)13.6.4 Strengthening of Informatics in the Offices and Field Units of the

Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC) - DACNET13.6.5 MIS Support to Food Processing Industries13.6.6 Agricultural Extension Information System Network: VISTARNET13.6.7 Indian Agriculture On-line

Contents li

13.6.8 Infrastructural Facilities and Services Provided byNIC to the Ministry of Agriculture

13.6.9 Animal Production and Health Information Network (APHNET)13.6.10 Agricultural Research Information System Network (ARISNET)13.6.11 Market Information System for Horticulture13.6.12 Integrated Fertilizer Management Information System (FERMIS)

13.7 Computerisation of Agricultural Census and Input Survey13.8 Concluding Observations v . ___

14. Indian Agriculture and WTO 203-21014.1 WTO: An Introduction14.2 Agreements on Agriculture at WTO

14.2.1 Agreement of Agriculture (AoA)14.2.2 Aggregate Measure of Support (AMS)14.2.3 Green Box Support14.2.4 Blue Box Support14.2.5 Special and Differential Treatment Box Support14.2.6 Export Competition

14.3 Agriculture at Hong Kong Ministerial Conference of WTO14.4 Concluding Observations

15. Recent Initiatives in the Agricultural Sector 211-22615.1 National Agriculture Policy, 200015.2 Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Legislation15.3 Development of Food Processing Industry15.4 Agricultural Exports and Imports

15.4.1 Agricultural Exports15.4.2 Agriculture-export Zones15.4.3 Agricultural Imports15.4.4 Protecting Domestic Agriculture15.4.5 Vishesh Krishi Upaj Yojana

15.5 Policy Initiatives for New Employment Opportunities15.6 National Policy for Farmers, 200715.7 Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP)15.8 Agricultural Reforms Proposed by the Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07)15.9 Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) on Agriculture15.10 RashtriyaKrishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), 2007

15.10.1 Basic Objectives of RKVY

lii Agriculture and Rural Development in India Since 1947

15.11 Macro Management of Agriculture (MMA) Scheme15.12 National Food Security Mission (NFSM), 2007

15.12.1 Objectives of the Mission15.12.2 Strategy to Achieve Objectives

15.13 Oilseeds/Edible Oils: Areas of Concern

Part II: Rural Development in India

16. Rural India: An Introduction 227-23916.1 Degree of Ruralisation16.2 Urban-Rural Work Force Participation Rates

16.2.1 Occupational Structure16.3 Extent of Rural Poverty

16.3.1 Percentage Share of Poor in the Population16.3.2 Absolute Number of Poor

16.4 Institutional Framework for Rural Development16.4.1 Ministry of Rural Development16.4.2 District Rural Development Agency (DRDA)16.4.3 Council for Advancement of People's Action and

Rural Technology (CAPART)16.4.4 Training of Rural Development Functionaries16.4.5 Information, Education and Communication (IEC)

16.5 Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF)

17. Rural Employment 240-25317.1 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), 2005

17.1.1 Objectives and Significance of NREGA17.1.2 Funding of the Programme17.1.3 Expression of Demand for Employment17.1.4 Labour Budget, Inventory of Projects and Perspective Plan17.1.5 Work Record, Payment of Wages and Preventing Bogus Muster Rolls17.1.6 Women Empowerment17.1.7 Vigilance and Transparency17.1.8 Public Accountability17.1.9 Grievance Redressal17.1.10 Financial Management17.1.11 Other Processes of NREGA

17.2 Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)

Contents liii

17.2.1 Merger of SGRY in NREGS17.2.2 Objectives17.2.3 Salient Features of SGRY17.2.4 Special Safeguards for Weaker Sections and

Women of the Community17.2.5 Ban on Contractors and Machinery17.2.6 Worksite Facilities ^17.2.7 Annual Action Plan17.2.8 Works Taken Up17.2.9 Works Prohibited

17.3 Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)17.3.1 Objectives of SGSY17.3.2 Funding Pattern17.3.3 Strategy17.3.4 Social Mobilization of the Poor17.3.5 SGSY: Main Criteria for SHG Formation17.3.6 Role of NGOs/Banks in Group Formation17.3.7 Selection of Key Activities17.3.8 Cluster Approach17.3.9 Project Approach17.3.10 Target Group17.3.11 Financial Assistance17.3.12 Training17.3.13 Implementing Agencies17.3.14 Monitoring17.3.15 Gender Budgeting under SGSY17.3.16 Persons with Disabilities

18. Rural Industries 254-26818.1 Importance of Small and Village Industries

18.1.1 High Employment Potential18.1.2 Widely Dispersed Entrepreneurial Base18.1.3 Relatively Low Capital Investment18.1.4 Regional Balanced Development18.1.5 Export Potential

18.2 Problems of Small Industries18.2.1 Technological Obsolescence18.2.2 Inadequate and Irregular Supply of Raw Material

liv Agriculture and Rural Development in India Since 1947

18.2.3 Imperfect Knowledge of Market Conditions18.2.4 Inadequate Availability of Finance and Credit18.2.5 Lack of Infrastructural Facilities18.2.6 Deficient Managerial and Technical Skills

18.3 Policy Measures to Help Small and Village Industries18.3.1 Reservation of Items for Exclusive Production by

Small-scale Industries (SSI\18.3.2 Priority in the Disbursement of Loans by the Financial Institutions18.3.3 Other Concessions

18.4Handlooms18.4.1 Availability of Working Capital18.4.2 Availability of Quality Raw Materials18.4.3 Training and Technology18.4.4 Marketing and Publicity18.4.5 Infrastructure Development18.4.6 Encouraging Organisation of Weavers18.4.7 Social Security18.4.8 Better Governance18.4.9 Other Measures

18.5 Handicrafts18.6Powerlooms18.7 Silk and Sericulture18.8 Unorganised Wool Sector18.9 Khadi and Village Industries (KVI)18.10 Coir Industry18.11 Food Processing Industries18.12 Conclusion

19. Rural Housing 269-27319.1 Types of Houses in India19.2 Indira Awaas Yojana (LAY)

19.2.1 Salient Features of IAY19.2.2 Monitoring Mechanism19.2.3 Critical Evaluation of IAY

19.3 Rural Face of Housing Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO)19.4 Bharat Nirman Programme

20. Education and Training in Rural Areas 274-28120.1 Trends in Literacy Rates and Recent Initiatives

Contents Iv

20.2 Elementary Education20.2.1 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)20.2.2 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya Scheme (KGBVS)20.2.3 District Primary Education Programme (DPEP)20.2.4 National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education20.2.5 Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana20.2.6 National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary

Level (NPEGEL) ^ —20.2.7 Education Guarantee Scheme and Alternative and

Innovative Education (EGS&AIE)20.2.8 Mahila Samakhya (MS)20.2.9 Prarambhik Shiksha Kosh (PSK)20.2.10 Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDMS)20.2.11 Problem Areas

20.3 Adult Education20.3.1 Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS)20.3.2 Weaknesses of Adult Education Programmes

20.4 Eleventh Plan Targets and Special Focus Areas

21. Rural Health and Family Welfare 282-29521.1 Constitutional Provisions21.2 Health Indices of Rural and Urban India21.3 Primary Health Care21.4 Incidence of Major Diseases in India

21.4.1 Malaria21.4.2 KalaAzar21.4.3 Tuberculosis (TB)21.4.4 Leprosy21.4.5 Blindness21.4.6 HIV/AIDS

21.5 Major Public Health Programmes in India21.5.1 Universal Immunization Programme21.5.2 Pulse Polio Immunization Programme21.5.3 National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)21.5.4 Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP)21.5.5 National AIDS Control Programme

21.6 Shortcomings of the Public Health System21.7 National Health Policy, 2002

Ivi Agriculture and Rural Development in India Since 1947

21.8 Sarva Swasthya Abhiyan (SSA)21.9 National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)21.10 Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)21.11 Family Planning and Welfare

21.11.1 Family Welfare in the Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07)21.11.2 Family Welfare in the National Population Policy (NPP), 2000

21.12 Nutrition Support21.12.1 National Nutrition Mission (NNM)

21.13 Time-bound Goals of the Eleventh Five Year Plan21.14 Conclusion

22. Rural Sanitation and Cleanliness 296-30122.1 Sanitation: A Basic Need22.2 Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP)22.3 Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)

22.3.1 Objectives22.3.2 Components22.3.3 Revised Guidelines

22.4 Nirmal Gram Pursakar (NGP)22.5 E-governance Initiatives for Sanitation in Rural Areas22.6 Eleventh Plan on Rural Sanitation22.7 Conclusion

23. Rural Electrification and Water Supply 302-30823.1 Rural Electrification

23.1.1 Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana ((RGGVY), April 200523.2 Rural Water Supply

23.2.1 Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP)23.2.2 Swajaldhara23.2.3 Role of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)23.2.4 Gender Budgeting23.2.5 Monitoring23.2.6 National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and

Surveillance Programme (NRDWQM&SP)23.2.7 Major Issues in Rural Water Supply23.2.8 Eleventh Plan Targets for Rural Water Supply

24. Rural Transport and Communications 309-31524.1 Rural Transport

Contents Ivii

24.1.1 Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)24.1.2 National Rural Roads Development Agency (NRRDA)24.1.3 Rural Roads under Bharat Nirman

24.2 Rural Telephony24.2.1 New Telecom Policy (NTP), 199924.2.2 Digital Divide24.2.3 Rural Telephony under Bharat Nirman

25. Empowerment of Women, Scheduled Castes (SCs),Scheduled Tribes (STs), Disabled and OlderPersons in Rural Areas 316-321

25.1 Rural Women Welfare and Empowerment25.1.1 National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS)25.1.2 Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)25.1.3 Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)25.1.4 Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP)25.1.5 Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP)

25.2 Scheduled Caste Sub-plan and Tribal Sub-Plan25.2.1 National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS)25.2.2 Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)25.2.3 Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)

25.3 Disability Persons25.4 Older Persons

25.4.1 National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)25.4.2 Annapurna Scheme

26. E-governance in Rural Areas 322-32426.1 Rural Portal26.2 Household Survey (BPL census 2002)26.3 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act Software Package

(NREGASoft)26.3.1 Various Modules of the Software

Part III: Year-wise Review of Agricultural/Rural Developmentsin India: 1947-48 to 2008-09

325-376

Iviii Agriculture and Rural Development in India Since 1947

Part IV: Appendices

Appendix 1: National Policy for Farmers, 2007 377-404

Appendix 2: Bharat Nirman 405-410

Appendix 3: Main Findings and Recommendations of theCommittee on Financial Inclusion(Chairman: C. Rangarajan), January 2008 411-446

Part V: Glossary of Agricultural Terms447-472

Part VI: Time-series Data on Indian Agriculture1950-51 to 2007-08

473-492

Bibliography 493-500

Index 501-512