agricultural research organization (aro) · 2018-01-10 · global warming solutions to cope with...
TRANSCRIPT
Research for Tomorrow’s Agriculture
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
ORGANIZATION (ARO)
Excellence in research and development
for the promotion of agriculture
and the protection of the environment
Our Vision
Field experiment, 1926
Newe Yaar, 1950Tel Aviv, 1926
The ARO was
established in 1921,
through the vision and
leadership of Yishak
Elazari Vilkansky –
Volcani
Today the ARO represents the largest
agricultural research institute, covering over
70% of the agricultural research in Israel
• 184 Research scientists (Ph.D)
• 390 Research staff (Engineers & Technicians)
• 140 Administrative staff
• 220 Graduate Students (Master, Doctoral)
• 40 Foreign Visiting trainees
Soil, Water &
Environmental
Science Institute
Animal
Science Institute
Plant
Science Institute
Postharvest & Food
Science Institute
Plant Protection
Institute
Agricultural
Engineering
Institute
Newe Ya’ar
Research Center
North
Gilat
Research Center
South
Organizational Framework of the AROSix Institutes in the Bet Dagan Campus and two Research
Centers in the North and South
Assimilating agricultural applications
Commercializing
traditional sectorsExtending the
fruiting season
Olive commercial orchard.
New varieties are adapted
for mechanical harvest
using tapered trailing
tractors
The apricot season is very
short – development of early
and late cultivars extend the
fruiting season
Solving the farmer’s agricultural problems
whilst maintaining sustainable agriculture
• Increasing soil fertility
• Protecting soil structure
• Preventing runoff and soil erosion
• Preventing soil contamination
Soil and water conservation
Development of a wide range of new products for
the consumer with emphasis on: Augmentation of
health components, improving taste qualities &
increasing shelf life
Providing solutions for current and
future global crises: Food, water,
energy and climate
Global warming
Solutions to cope with rising
temperatures in forestsBroadening the use of
colored netting
Acclimating varieties for
desert conditions and
increasing resistance to
heat stress
in the orchard Pomegranate Top:
Arava Region.
resistant tomatoes -: HeatBottom
unaffected during ripening
Top: region before forestation
Bottom: region after
Nets diffract light and affect
the physiology of the plant thereby
increasing yield and
reducing pest infestations.
Global Food Crisis
Intensive pool aquacultures using healthy and less
costly solutions for reproduction and feeding, thereby
overcoming the diminishing deep sea fishing.
The use of specialized wheat varieties, adapted for
animal feed thereby reducing competition with edible
wheat varieties.
Development of new green & black chickpea varieties
with high health qualities and a potential at becoming
a leading crop production.
Use of Sensors
The sensor electronically
“reports” on transpiration
levels to the farmer through
computer or cellular phone.
Sensor in tree
Precision Agriculture
Use of thermal imaging via
satellite for a real-time
image of otherwise
undetected irrigation levels
Orange area shows normal
irrigation. Magenta area
shows over-irrigation.
Dwindling of water resources
Use of recycled
water for irrigation
of orchard.
80% of orchards in the
Negev are irrigated
using recycled water.
Orchard planted on desert
soil in the Gilat Research
Center
BiodieselDevelopment of Jatropha and Castor varieties containing a high
percentage of oil for use as an alternative energy source. These
inedible plants are irrigated with recycled water and grown on
marginal soils.
From right to left: Jatropha in the field, flowering Jatropha, castor plants in the field, seeds and oil from Jastropha.
Energy Crisis
Reduction in manpower for agriculture
To reduce labor costs in agriculture the trend is to develop
mechanization with the aim of reducing manpower for agriculture.
These have succeeded in agricultural farms in Israel and worldwide.
Robotic arm that
is able to identify
and trim branches.
A spraying robot.
The activated
robot works
independently of
human intervention.
This machine is able to
separate arils
independently and has
also enabled the
development of
products that were
previously unknown
(pomegranate oil and
cosmetics).
Protection of the Environment
Sea transport as
alternative to air
transport
Reduction in the use of
chemicals for control
Recycling Agricultural Waste
Waste produced from the newly
developed pomegranate sector is used
as an additive to cattle feed with a
resultant increase in milk yield and an
increase in the levels of Omega 3. An
elegant solution for recycling waste.
Aiming at reductions in air
pollution & costs, research for
longer shelf life has progressed
and many new products can be
exported via sea transport.
Natural mint oil replaces chemicals
to inhibit sprouting in potatoes
during storage.
Picture on right shows treated
potatoes after a few weeks
compared to the picture on the left
showing untreated sprouting
potatoes
Food Quality & Safety
Improving the safety of fresh agricultural products
• Understanding the survival strategies
of human pathogenic bacteria in the
agricultural environment (soil, drinking
water, plant)
• Development of “clever” packaging and
surfaces with antimicrobial activity
• Biofilm research in food industry - a
bacterial survival strategy
• Development of novel methods for the
prevention of contamination in leafy
vegetables and sprouts.
Lettuce fieldSalmonella on stomata
of lettuce leaves
Bacterial biofilm on
plastic surface
Preventing contamination through the food chain – from field to table
Transgenic tomato “immune”
to CMV infection
Inoculated control Transgenic resistance
Development of transgenic plants resistant
to several important plant viruses
Tomato lines, immune to Cucumber
mosaic virus (CMV),Tomato yellow leaf
curl virus (TYLCV), Pepino Mosaic virus
(PepMV) were produced.
Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture enables the differentiation of
whole plants from a single cell. This technique
facilitates the propagation of plants, genetically
identical to the mother plant. This also allows for the
production of transgenic plants containing foreign
DNA that bestows desirable traits.
The picture demonstrates transgenic plants
differentiating from leaf sections of a mother plant.
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Agricultural Research Organization – The Volcani Center
Active on behalf of…
Gene BankActive on behalf of future generations
Collection Separation and identification Cataloging & preparing for storage Cold-storage
Aims: • Preserving biological diversity •Characterizing genetic seed traits • Saving species
from extinction •Advancing & supporting agricultural, medicinal & industrial research
Youth activities unitActive on behalf of future education in agricultural sciences
The teaching experience enables the integration of active research scientists
and state-of-the-art scientific methodologies for the advancement of
education in the agricultural sciences
Participating in
laboratories within the
framework of one year
research projects
Marketing of organic
produce by members
of youth group
Summer camp for excelling
science students
The unit acts as a center for training elementary & high school students and teachers
Cultivation of
agricultural plot by
under-privileged youth
Involvement in international courses for international trainees,
particularly from developing countries
International Cooperation
Active on behalf of global knowledge Involvement in collaborative research projects with several countries
Commercialization of Products
“Kidum”Assignation of Agricultural R & D
Kidum is an autonomous unit managing the ARO’s business related activities
http://www.agri.gov.il/en/departments/77.aspx
Evaluation of
commercial
feasibility
of projects
Handling of
joint ARO &
Industry
R & D projects
Licensing of
rights related
to intellectual
property
Agricultural Research Organization –
The Volcani Center
Inventing Tomorrow