Agricultural Patterns and

Green Revolution in India

By SudarshanGurjar

• Barren and Wastelands : The land which may be classified as a wasteland such as barren hilly terrains, desert lands, ravines, etc. normally cannot be brought under cultivation with the available technology.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Land put to Non-agricultural Uses : Land under settlements (rural and urban), infrastructure (roads, canals, etc.), industries, shops, etc., are included in this category.

• An expansion in the secondary and tertiary activities would lead to an increase in this category of land-use.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Area under Permanent Pastures and Grazing Lands : Most of thistype land is owned by the village „Panchayat‟or theGovernment.

• Only a small proportion of this land is privately owned.

• The land owned by the village panchayat comes under „Common Property Resources‟.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Area under Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Groves (Not included in Net sown Area) :

• The land under orchards and fruit trees are included in thiscategory.

• Much of this land is privately owned.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Culturable Wasteland : Any land which is left fallow (uncultivated) for more than five years is included in this category.

• It can be brought under cultivation after improving it through reclamation practices.

• Current Fallow : This is the land which is left without cultivation forone or less than one agricultural year.

• Fallowing is a cultural practice adopted for giving the land rest.

• The land recoups the lost fertility through natural processes.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Fallow other than Current Fallow :

• This is also a cultivable land which is left uncultivated for more than a year but less than five years.

• If the land is left uncultivated for more than five years, it would be categorised as culturable wasteland.

• Net Area Sown: The physical extent of land on which crops aresown and harvested is known as net sown area.

By SudarshanGurjar

Cropping Pattern• Different crops grown in an area at a particular point of time is called

cropping pattern.

• Cropping pattern depends on climate (temperature, rainfall, wind etc.), soil,support price, value, demand - market, labor availability, historical setting,etc.

• Climate: Rice is cultivated extensively when the monsoons are good. But whenmonsoons are weak, millets are grown instead of rice.

• Cotton in Maharashtra, tea in Assam and jute in West Bengal remain thedominant crops due to highly favorable conditions for cultivation.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Soil: Regur soils are ideal for cotton cultivation. Cotton is theobvious choice in such soils when the climate is favorable.

• Minimum Support Price (MSP): Rice and wheat which are offeredMSP are preferred by farmers.

• Value: Millets in the hilly areas of HP and Uttarakhand are replacedby high value horticulture crops like apple.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Demand: Rice is the preferred crop in the densely populated regions as there is a ready market.

• Historical setting: Sugarcane is grown more extensively in North India even though the conditions are most favorable in South India.

• This is because the sugarcane cultivation was encouraged by British as an alternative to indigo which lost its significance and market in states like Uttar Pradesh due to introduction of artificial dyes.

• Diversification of crops due to surplus food grain production post Green Revolution has led to significant changes in cropping pattern.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Other than rice and wheat, oilseeds and pulses also became more prominent.

• Crop diversification in certain regions has been negligible. E.g.

• Rice dominates in well irrigated parts of south India.

• Wheat dominates north-western part of the country.

• Coarse grains like jowar, bajra, maize, barley, ragi etc. are givencomparatively less importance in these regions.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Factors affecting cropping pattern• Geographical Factors: relief, soil, temperature and rainfall.

• Economic Factors:

• Irrigation, power, size of land holdings, sale price of crops, income of farmers, insurance and investment etc.

• Political Factors/Government Policies:

• Government can encourage or discourage certain crops due to various reasons like drought, flood, inflation etc.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Relief• Rice is the main crop on the irrigated hill terraces (terraced

cultivation).

• Crops like tea and coffee can be grown only on well drained slopesthat receive good amount of rainfall.

• Rice (tropical crop) and sugarcane dominates well irrigated regions with fairly warm climate.

• Wheat (temperate crop) grows well in plain regions withmoderate temperature and rainfall.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Temperature• Most crops require lower temperature at the time of sowing and higher

temperature at the time of ripening.

• Some crops require higher temperature and are sown in the summerseason.

• Most of the growth period falls under the rainy season. These are knownaskharif crops (rice, cotton, etc.).

• They are sown just before the burst of south-west monsoons.

• There are other crops which require lower temperature and moisture and are sown in the winter season (wheat).

• These are known as rabi crops.

• Sugarcane gives good yield in south India than in northern plains. They needwarm climates.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Rainfall• Areas of Heavy Rainfall

• More than 150 cm of annual rainfall.

• East India and the west coastal plains.

• Animal population is fairly high due to availability of fodder andgrazing area.

• Rice, tea, coffee, sugarcane, jute etc.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Areas of Medium Rainfall• 75 to 150 cm.

• 150 cm annual rainfall isohyets are suitable for the cultivation of rice.

• 75 cm annual rainfall isohyets are suitable for maize, cotton and soyabean.

• These areas are rich in natural resources.

• E.g. Eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha, eastern parts of Madhya Pradesh and Vidarbha region of Maharashtra.

• Wheat is the principal rabi crop.

• Millets are the natural priority.

• Wheat, maize, cotton, soyabean, millets, etc.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Areas of Low Rainfall• 25 to 75 cm (Semi-arid stretches of India).

• Major crops in this belt are

• millets, jowar, and bajra in the northern,

• jowar in central and

• ragi in the southern part.

• Wheat is the main rabi crop which is grown in irrigated areas.

• Mixed cropping is very common in which pulses are mixed with cereals.

• Cropping has been developed in such a way that no one crop dominates.

• Millets, oilseeds (Groundnut, sunflower, rapeseed and mustard etc.), pulses etc.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Soil• Rice is mainly grown in clayey soils while loamy soilsare best for wheat.

• The regur soil of the Deccan Plateau is ideal for cultivation ofcotton.

• Coarse grains such as jowar, bajra, maize, ragi, barley etc. are grown ininferior soils (light sandy soils, light black soils, red and laterite soils etc.)

• Delta soils of West Bengal are renewed by floods every year and arevery fertile. They are ideal for jute cultivation.

• The farmers grow 2-3 crops in a year.

• Soils of the Darjeeling hills contain sufficient quantities of humus, iron,potash and phosphorus which are necessary for tea bush to grow.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Irrigation• Rice is a dominant crop in regions with reliable irrigation and warm climate

(coastal plains and irrigated belts of south India).

• North Indian plain regions are well irrigated and support 2-3 crops of rice a year.

• Size of Land Holdings• In case of small holdings, the priority of the farmers would be to grow food

grains for his family members (subsistence farming).

• Farmers with large holdings can opt for cash crops and help in crop diversification, leading to changes in the cropping pattern (commercial farming).

By SudarshanGurjar

Major Crops of India

• Cropping patterns can be better understood by studying aboutmajor crops of India.

• Indian Geography, types of soils in India and Indian climatologyforms the foundation for understanding cropping pattern and majorcrops of India.

By SudarshanGurjar

By SudarshanGurjar

Food Crops Rice, wheat, maize, millets-jowar, bajra, ragi;pulses-gram, tur

(arhar) etc.

(cereals-grass like plants with starchy edible

seeds having high

nutritional value)

PlantationCrops

Tea, coffee, coconut,rubber and spices-cardamom, chillies, ginger,

turmeric etc.

Horticulture Vegetables-Onion, tomato, etc; and fruits-Apple,Orange, Mango,

banana, citrus fruits, etc..

Crop ClassificationCrop Classification based on the type of produce

By SudarshanGurjar

Crop Classification based on climateTropical Temperate

Crops grow well in warm & hot

climate

Crops grow well in cool climate

E.g. Rice, sugarcane, Jowar

etc.

E.g. Wheat, Oats, Gram, Potato, apple

etc.

By SudarshanGurjar

Classification Based on growing seasonKharif/Rainy/Monsoon crops Rabi/winter/cold seasons crops Summer/Zaid crops

The crops grown in monsoon

months

The crops grown in winter season Crops grown in summer

Sown before monsoon and

harvested at the end of the

monsoon

Sown before retreating monsoon

and harvested before summer.

Sown and harvested in

summer

June to Oct-Nov Oct to March March to June

Require warm, wet weather at

major period of crop growth

Crops grow well in cold and dry

weather

Require warm dry weather

for major growth period

E.g. Cotton, Rice, Jowar,

Bajara etc.

E.g. Wheat, gram, sunflower etc. E.g. Groundnuts,

Watermelon,

Pumpkins, Gourds

etc.

• The kharif crops include rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet/bajra, finger millet/ragi (cereals), arhar (pulses),soyabean, groundnut (oilseeds), cotton etc.

• The rabi crops include wheat, barley, oats (cereals), chickpea/gram (pulses), linseed, mustard (oilseeds) etc.

By SudarshanGurjar

Salient Feature of Indian Agriculture

• Indian agriculture has its own peculiarities.

• Some of the outstanding feature of Indian agriculture are

• Subsistence agriculture

• Pressure of population on agriculture

• Importance of animals

• Dependent upon Monsoon

• Variety of Crops

• Predominance of food Crops

• Seasonal Pattern

By SudarshanGurjar

• 1. Subsistence agriculture• Most parts of India have subsistence agriculture.

• The farmer owns a small piece of land, grows crops with the help of his family members and consumes almost the entire farm produce with little surplus to sell in the market.

• 2. Pressure of population on agriculture

• The population in India is increasing at a rapid pace and exerts heavy pressure on agriculture.

• Agriculture has to provide employment to a large section of work force and has to feed the teeming millions.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Importance of animals• Animal force has always played a significant role in agriculture

operation such as ploughing, irrigation, threshing and transporting the agriculture products.

• Dependent upon Monsoon• Indian agriculture is mainly dependent upon monsoon which is

uncertain, unreliable and irregular.• In spite of the large scale expansion of irrigation facilities since

Independence, only one-third of the cropped area is provided by perennial irrigation and the remaining two-third of the cropped area has to bear the brunt of the vagaries of the monsoons.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Variety of Crops• India is a vast country with varied types of relief, climate and soil

condition.

• Therefore, there is a large variety of crops grown in India.

• Both the tropical and temperate crops are successfully grown in India.

• Predominance of food Crops

• Since Indian agriculture has to feed a large population, production of food crops is the first priority of the farmers almost everywhere in the country.

By SudarshanGurjar

Seasonal Pattern• i) Kharif Season starts with the onset of monsoons and continues tillthe

beginning of winter.

• Major crops of this season are rice, maize, jowar, bajra, cotton, sesamum, groundnut and pulses such as moong, urad etc.

• ii) Rabi season stas at the beginning of winter and continues till the end ofwinter or beginning of summer.

• Major crops of this season are wheat, barley, jowar, gram and oil seeds such as linseed, rape and mustard.

By SudarshanGurjar

• iii) Zaid is summer cropping season in which crops like rice,maize, groundnut, vegetables and fruits are grown.

• Now some varieties of pulses have been evolved which can successfully grown in summer.

By SudarshanGurjar

Problems of Indian Agriculture & Their Solution

• Small and fragmented land- holdings

• Seeds

• Manures, Fertilizers and Biocides

• Irrigation

• Lack of Mechanisation

• Soil Erosion

• Agriculture Marketing

• Inadequate storage facilities

• Inadequate transport

• Scarcity of capitalBy SudarshanGurjar

Green Revolution

• Green Revolution was started in 1965-66.

• An extension or expansion of 2 programme.

• IADP which was modified as IAAP(Intensive Agriculture Area Program)

• These two programmes are considered as pilot projects.

• The green revolution was based on HYV tech. Officially its called as HYVprogramme.

• The HYV programme was initiated by ford foundation and Rockefeller Institute, US and before we launched it in India we had two successes in Mexico and Philippines(Wheat programme success).

By SudarshanGurjar

• Father of green Revolution ==> Norman Barlaug.

• Father of Indian Green Revolution ==> M.S. Swaminathan.

• Green Revolution is the history of Indian agriculture modernization.

• Green Revolution was a productivity revolution

• post independence with the implementation of some of the agenda under land reforms, India witnessed expansion of agriculture land and NSA that resulted in higher food production but after the 1st FYP the scope of area expansion has been limited and the NSA has either stagnated or declined over years Green Revolution played on important role in production increase by productivity enhancement and not by area expansion.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Green Revolution was then an input intensive programme - HIV seeds -water intensive - Fertilizer intensive.

• In Green Revolution there was a drastic scientific revolution in crop management & crop growing techniques.

• Green Revolution was powered by groundwater and ia also called as Tubewell led agriculture modernization of India.

By SudarshanGurjar

• The History and the Need for Green Revolution• Green Revolution as a programme launched more as a crisis management

programme to deal with hunger and food shortage in post 2nd FYP.

• It was times when India had opted for industrialization led modernization planning and agriculture was deliberately ignored in 2nd FYP because agriculture was assumed to be resilient enough to manage on its own .

• But the massive droughts followed by china war, the long gestation period for capital intensive sector resulted in a massive economic crisis with a looming hunger problem starting at India.

By SudarshanGurjar

• It was in this background that India had to ask for food aid from US under humiliating condition signed as a part of PL-480 agreement.

• The Green Revolution which is often seen as agriculture mordernizationprogramme was launched with the primary objective of meeting India's food & hunger crisis.

• The long term objective & strategies adopted under Green Revolution

• Though the short term objective was to address India's hunger crisis butthe long term objective included

By SudarshanGurjar

• i) Modernization :- of India's agriculture by mechanization & commercialization.

• Modernization agriculture in 50s & 60s was defined narrowly & not in broadscope as today.

• Today's agriculture modernization implies an agriculture which is the basis of social empowerment, ecological health, an agriculture which is diversified & ecologically sustainable.

• ii) Agriculture as the basis of food self sufficiency by increasing productivity.

• Therefore productivity maximization was objective with lisregard to ecological concerns which was not the wisdom then.

By SudarshanGurjar

• iii) Agriculture as the basis of industrialization because agricultureagriculture can be a valuable farward & backward linkage in industrialsector.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Strategy :-• i) Replacing traditional agriculture which was considered to be

wasteful and obsolete with a system that used modern inputs HYVseeds, intensive irrigation, fertilizers which are supposed to bemodern tech.

• ii) Encouraging deliberate imbalance based planning:- Because theresources and investments were limited adoption of new tech is noteasy for all type of farmers and the bias for food crops, particularlywheat was to address the hunger crisis of the country.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Evaluation:-• Positives addressed India's food crisis so much so that the country has

managed to increase food production by almost more than 5 times in 5-6 decades such as from barely 50 million tonnes in 1950s.

• The country has achieved 260 million tonnes presently.

• Productivity Improvement has been commendable though not for all the crops.

• Rice and Wheat have improved 3-4 times respectively.

• Barring pules all the crops witnessed productivity improvement though not atthe same rates.

By SudarshanGurjar

• India does not have hunger crisis, food shortages and famines.

• Though recently problems are of different nature i.e. lack ofmicronutrients (Hidden hunger) because Green Revolution was crop specific and did not encourage agriculture and crop diversification.

• The prosperity from Green Revolution has benefitted Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, UP and the Kaveri basin agriculture returns have fuelled rural prosperity and rural infrastructure with better condition of living agriculture led economic growth and lesser grain poverty in these regions.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Green Revolution success had instituted confidence in our planning process and it helped us develop faith in our agriculture system and since then agriculture relevance to India's economy was never questioned .

• Green Revolution also triggered the diversification of industrial development to include petrochemical section like fertilizers and also food processing units which are valuable in post harvest value addition in agriculture.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Drawbacks• Disparities :- Regional, social, Crop, Cropping patterns.

• Like monoculture was directly the result of Green Revolution .

• It destroyed many indigenous species which were replaced by HYV seeds.

• Ecological problems

• i) Depletion of groundwater as it was tube well led revolution.

• ii) Salinization due to over irrigation & use of chemical fertilizer.

• iii) Loss of biodiversity loss of stability of agriculture ecosystem more vulnerable to diseases and pests.

• iv) Eutrophication- downstream enrichment by nitrates and phosphates.

• v) long term consequences of land fallowing soil erosion and land degradation due to salinity problems.

By SudarshanGurjar

Important Components of Green Revolution in India

• 1. High Yielding Varieties (HYV) of seeds..

• 2. Use of fertilizers (chemical).

• 3. Use of Insecticides and Pesticides.

• 4. Command Area Development (CAD).

• 5. Supply of agricultural credit.

• 6. Rural electrification.

• 7. Rural Roads and Marketing.

• 8. Farm Mechanisation.

• 9. Agricultural Universities.

By SudarshanGurjar

• High Yielding Varieties (HYV) of seeds:

• According to R.N. Chopra, “The high yielding variety seeds are major input of agricultural production under the Green Revolution technology.

• Their main characteristic is increased responsiveness to chemical fertilizers, their period of maturing is short, it helps double cropping.

• Their short stems can easily carry fertilizer load, resist wind damage, their large leaf surface helps the process of photosynthesis.”

By SudarshanGurjar

• According to Sunil Kumar Munsi, The HYV seeds were perhaps the single most important input in the Indian Green Revolution. All other inputs were linked with HYV.”

• M.S. Swami Nathan has remarked that apart from erasing the„begging bowl‟ image of our country.

• The most important gain has been the saving of forests and land, thanks to the productivity improvement associated with high yielding varieties.

`

By SudarshanGurjar

• Use of Fertilizers (Chemical):• The use of chemical fertilizers has been the third most important input of

Green Revolution after HYV seeds and irrigation; rather the three are tiedtogether.

• In tact use of HYV seeds needs heavy dose of irrigation and fertilizers to give high yields.

• Since the entire culturable land has already been brought under plough and there is practically no scope for ringing any new areas under cultivation, further increase in food-grains production can be achieved only by multiple-cropping which heavily leans on the trio of the basic inputs, viz.

By SudarshanGurjar

• HYV seeds irrigation and chemical fertilizers.

• Generally the use of chemical fertilizers is made according to the soil properties.

• Soil testing is very essential to know the nutrient status of the soil.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Use of Insecticides and Pesticides:

• Though intensive use of irrigation and fertilizers under the Green Revolutiontechnology has increased the farm production, it has also given birth to theproblem of pests, insects, weeds, rodents, etc.

• The monoculture promoted by the Green Revolution technology is morevulnerable to the insects and pests.

• These pets, weeds and diseases are to be checked by proper doses ofinsecticides, pesticides and weedicides surveillance should be an integralcrop production.

• The first of Agriculture (1983-84), over million hectares of cropped area inthe country is affected by various pests and diseases, taking an annual toll of5 to 25 per cent of the agricultural production.

• There has been a tremendous increase in the use of different types ofbiocides and in the area under plant protection.

• The regional distribution makes it clear that areas with GreenRevolution technology are the main consume of pesticides

• Command Area Development Programme is a centrally sponsored schemewhich was launched in January 1975.

• Its aim was to bridge the gap between potential created and utilized in selected major/medium irrigation projects of the country for optimising agricultural production from the irrigated land.

By SudarshanGurjar

• The programme covers the following components:• (i) On-farm development (OFD) works which include soil surveys, land

shaping, construction of field channels, field drains, farm roads, realignment of field boundaries.

• (ii) Selection and introduction of suitable cropping pattern

• (iii) Development of groundwater to supplement surface water.

• (iv) Development and maintenance of the main and intermediatedrainage system

• (v) Modernisation, maintenance and efficient operation of the irrigation system upon the outlet of one cusec capacity

By SudarshanGurjar

• Consolidation of Holdings:

• Small and fragmented land holdings have been one of the main obstacles in the progress of agriculture in India.

• Consolidation of holdings has been introduced to solve this problem.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Supply of Agricultural Credit:• In the words of R.N. Chopra Credit is the most crucial input in all

agricultural developmental programmes.

• The other inputs viz., technology, HYV seeds, fertilizers, pesticides,irrigation water and machinery—all depend on the availability of credit.

• A large percentage of Indian farming community consists of small andmarginal farmers who do not have their own resources to invest inagriculture.

• They depend upon agricultural credit to carry on most of their agriculturaloperations.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Earlier they used to get loan from the moneylender who used to charge veryhigh rate of interest.

• Now Cooperatives, Commercial Banks and Regional Rural Banks extend loansto farmers on easy terms.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Rural Electrification:• Rural electrification is one of the essential inputs in modem agricultural

system.

• Studies made in 1970 showed the electricity makes a significant contributionto development of agriculture.

• It is a cheap source of energy which can be used for lifting water bytubewells/pumpsets, processing and preserving agricultural produce,sprinkler irrigation and so many other farm operations.

• The development of ground water, so vital for Green Revolution, requiresuninterrupted supply of electricity at cheaper rates.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Realising the importance of electricity for the proper growth anddevelopment of agriculture, a massive programme of rural electrification wastaken up immediately after Independence.

• At the time of Independence only 1,300 villages had been electrified andonly 6,400 energised pump sets were working in the entire country.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Rural Roads and Marketing:

• They constitute an important segment of infrastructure to improveagricultural productivity under the Green Revolution programme.

• Rural roads are very essential for connecting the villages to the neighbouringmarkets and villages.

• Unfortunately, there is still a big gap between the requirement andavailability of village roads. Road network upto town level is fairlysatisfactory.

• The weakest point is that of rural roads.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Marketing is essential for progressive agriculture. Regulated markets enablethe farmer to sell his agricultural produce and to purchase farm implementsand tools, fertilizers, pesticides and other agricultural inputs as well asgoods of everyday use.

• The farmer can go to the market with his produce, sell it and on his returnjourney he can bring the goods required for agriculture or in everyday life.

• In this way the farmer can save on his return transport and avoidunnecessary waste of time, energy and money.

• Ideally speaking the market place should be within a distance of 5 km fromthe village.

By SudarshanGurjar

• In the words of Leo E. Holman, “Marketing is the part and parcel of amodern productive process, the part at the end that gives point and purposeto all that had gone before.

• Benefits from mechanisation can be minimised if correspondingimprovements are not made in the marketing system.”

• Farm Mechanisation:• Much success of The Green Revolution depends upon farm mechanisation.

• Mechanisation saves a lot of human labour and quickens the farm operations,thereby adding to the farm efficiency and productivity.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Agricultural Universities:• Agricultural universities and other agricultural institutes are

primarily engaged in agricultural research and passing on theresearch findings to the farmers.

• A good deal of research and extension work done by these universities has paid rich dividends in the agricultural field.

• Success of Green Revolution largely depends upon the work done bythese universities.

• Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, are the best examples of such aprogress.

By SudarshanGurjar

List of local names of shifting cultivation around the world

Name of Shifting Cultivation RegionRay VietnamTavi MadagascarMasole Congo (Zaire river Valley)Fang Equatorial African CountriesLogan Western AfricaComile MexicoMilpa Yucatan and Guatemala

By SudarshanGurjar

Echalin Guadeloupe

Milya Mexico and Central America

Konuko Venezuela

Roka Brazil

Chetemini Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe

Caingin Philippines

Taungya Myanmar

Chena Sri Lanka

Ladang Java and Indonesia

Tamrai Thailand

Humah Java and Indonesia

By SudarshanGurjar

IndiaJhum North-eastern India

Vevar and Dahiyaar Bundelkhand Region (Madhya Pradesh)

Deepa Bastar District (Madhya Pradesh)

Zara and Erka Southern StatesBatra South-eastern Rajasthan

Podu Andhra PradeshKumari Hilly Region of the Western Ghats of

KeralaKaman, Vinga and Dhavi Odisha

By SudarshanGurjar

List of Important Agricultural Revolutions In IndiaRevolution Product related Father/Person associated

with

Protein Revolution Higher Production (Technology driven 2nd Greenrevolution).

Coined by PM Narendra Modi and FM Arun Jaitely.

Yellow Revolution Oil seed Production (EspeciallyMustard and Sunflower).

Sam Pitroda

Black Revolution Petroleum products.

Blue Revolution Fish Production Dr. Arun Krishnan.

Brown Revolution Leather / Cocoa / Non-Conventional Products.

Golden Fiber Revolution. Jute Production.

By SudarshanGurjar

Revolution Product related Father/Personassociated

with

Grey Revolution Fertilizers.

Pink Revolution Onion Production /Pharmaceuticals / Prawn Production.

Durgesh Patel.

EvergreenRevolution

Overall Production of Agriculture. Started in 11th

5 year Plan.

Silver Revolution Egg Production / Poultry Production

Indira Gandhi.

Silver FiberRevolution

Cotton.

Red Revolution Meat Production / Tomato Production.

Vishal Tewari.

Round Revolution Potato.

By SudarshanGurjar

Revolution Product related Father/Person associated with

Golden Revolution Fruits / Honey Production/Horticulture Development

Nirpakh Tutej.

Green Revolution Food Grains. Norman BorlongM.S.Swaminathan. William Goud(UK).

WhiteRevolution (or, Operation Flood)

Milk Production. Verghese Kurien.

By SudarshanGurjar

• Horticulture: Vegetable Farming

• Floriculture: Flower Farming

• Apiculture: Bee Farming

• Pisciculture: Fish Farming

• Aquaculture: Aqua Farming

• Sericulture: Silk Farming

• Viniculture: Grapes Farming

• Fungiculture: Mushroom Farming

• Arboriculture: Tree Farming

• Citriculture: Citrus Fruit Farming

• Vermiculture: Vermi Farming

By SudarshanGurjar