agricultural ontology service agstandards-aims
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© FAODr. Johannes Keizer, Knowledge Exchange and Capacity Building Division
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Agricultural Ontology Service – AgStandards -AIMS
2000 – 2006 and the next steps
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© FAODr. Johannes Keizer, Knowledge Exchange and Capacity Building Division
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7This presentation
1.Achievements and Impact2.AOS - 2001 and now3.Lessons learnt4.Partners and Resources5.AOS and the semantic Web6.Questions
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© FAODr. Johannes Keizer, Knowledge Exchange and Capacity Building Division
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1. Achievements and Impact
Food
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© FAODr. Johannes Keizer, Knowledge Exchange and Capacity Building Division
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7Preparation and Experiments
2000• Brussels meeting and AGstandards (AgMES) initiative• First participation in DC2001• AGROVOC expert conference• Launch of the Agricultural Ontology Service2002• AOS Workshops • Work on “Ontology Prototypes”2003• Release of AgMES NameSpace as first AOS element• Metadata Elements for “Document Like Objects”• Fishery Ontology Project started2004• AGRIS Application Profile DliO released• Working Groups on AGROVOC structure
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© FAODr. Johannes Keizer, Knowledge Exchange and Capacity Building Division
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7Preparing the Basics
2005• Intensive Discussions on AGROVOC OWL model• Implementation of AGRIS AP in various bibliographical databases • 4 new language versions of AGROVOC• Booming downloads of AGROVOC as a de facto Standard• AIMS website released• DC Keynote
2006• AGRIS repository in AGRIS AP XML published• AGROVOC OWL Model ready and coding of AGV-concept server
started• 800 K USD Grant from the EU for a system of fishery ontologies in
a 4 years project• Ontologies for geopolitical and organization Information started• ConceptPaper to transform the AGRIS repository in an Ontology• AIMS website attracts a lot of traffic (for many reasons)
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© FAODr. Johannes Keizer, Knowledge Exchange and Capacity Building Division
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7Starting Large Scale Implementation
2007• All AGRIS centres use the Application Profile• Architecture Paper for Agricultural OA Services based on
common semantics (AGRIS AP)• GFIS adopts AGRIS AP and Events AP• AGROVOC in 16 languages available• Enormous Request for AGROVOC (ca 100 downloads/month)• Geopolitical Ontology released• First Set of Fishery Ontologies Released• Starting Contacts to Gene and Plant Ontology Initiatives• Draft for Application Profiles on Organizations, Events and
Projects available• Organization Registry project launched• AGRIFEEDS application released• DC Keynote• December release of AGROVOC concept server workbench• A Google Search on “Agricultural Ontology Service” yields
12700 references. They are all about us – and relevant
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© FAODr. Johannes Keizer, Knowledge Exchange and Capacity Building Division
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2. AOS - 2001 and now
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7Two of our first explanations (from 2001)
AGROVOC
NAL Thesaurus
CABI Thesaurus
Dedicated KOSs
Non-dedicated KOSs
e.g., ASFA thesaurus
e.g., the Multilingual Forestry Thesaurus
e.g., the Sustainable Development
website classification
e.g., biological taxonomies such as NCBI and ITIS
GEMET
Other thematic thesauri
Existing Thesauri and Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs)
Common concepts are not declared
No or very limited interoperability
Insufficient subject + language coverage
Severe maintenance problems
Very limited machine readability
Only very simple encoding of semantic relations
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KOS uses components to build
an application
Discussions and choices for amendments to
components
Components: terms, definitions,
relationshipsUsers search and browse
application using components
User feedback
Agricultural Ontology Service (AOS)
Federated storage and description facility
Components: terms, definitions,
relationships
Two of our first explanations (from 2001)2
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7Changing Conceptions
•A slight bias was in the first diagram (UMLS)
•Basically right from the beginning (Community of Practice
•Slight rethinking and regrouping was necessary in the years
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7The AOS now
• The AGROVOC Concept Server• Subject Ontologies and specialized thesauri
• Crop Wild Relatives• Fishery: gears, vessels, water bodies, fishery commodities,
biological entities• Rice
• Application Profiles for Knowledge Objects• DliOs• Learning Resources• Organizations• Projects• News and Events• ........
• (Application Ontologies)• Food Nutrition and Agriculture Journal• Geopolitical Ontology• AGRIS• Alertsystem for Fishstock depletion
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• Internal coherence within the AOS
• Relationship between AGROVOC CS and specific Ontologies
• The URI problem• Feedback from Application
Ontologies
The AOS now – some Problems2
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Food
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© FAODr. Johannes Keizer, Knowledge Exchange and Capacity Building Division
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3. Lessons Learned
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7... Do not give up early
• Internal Acceptance was Difficult Initially• Implementation of the AGRIS AP
……. many discussionsmain points:- too many elements- too complicated- but we did not surrender
• Debate around AGROVOC structure– SKOS discussions (Our model too complicated)– Some weeks ago Alistair Miles from W3 working group send out a
proposal for Label relations
• Some Failed projects are not really a problem– Antimicrobials Online, Swetfos, ecoterm, faster, ipfsaph,
progress
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7....Ontologies only on demand
• First AOS workshop decided about Ontology prototypes (Fishery, Food Safety...)– Fishery
a big conceptional work was undertaken without a real demand from an application. Result was a bulky construction with no real use case. This changed radical with the involvement of FIGIS in the NeOn project
– Food Safety Ontologya food safety ontology was created using AGROVOC, expert
knowledge and text mining, but then it became clear that i did not fit the needs of the application (IPFSAPH)
• This were useful experiences, but not the way to go for developing full fledged ontologies
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7.....killer applications needed
• standards have never been sexy - well, is there anything more boring than reading ISO specifications?
• people want applications, not standards• if we want to produce interoperability
standards, we have to marry application developers
• or develop our own applications• there is no automatism in the uptake of
standards
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4. Partners and Resources
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7Networking4
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7Approximative Investment into the AOS Project
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Donors
Partner
FAO
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5. AOS and the Semantic Web
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7©Berners-Lee
… everyone knows this
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7Rethinking the Semantic Web
• Some remarks from recent talks of TBL and Wendy Hall– A web of data– Channelling existing structured data into the semantic
web– Using existing large databases– Creating data exchange profiles
• This is the AOS project in our area
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7Our Vision
Shared layer of interoperability
Shared layer of interoperability
Value-addedInformation
Services
Value-addedInformation
Services
Aggregated
Database View
Aggregated
Database View
Subject-specific Portals
Subject-specific Portals
Open URL or OAI based
services
Open URL or OAI based
services
Information System
(n)
Information System
(n)
Web Services
Web Services
DistributedDatasets
DistributedDatasets
DatabaseDatabase
...Database
Database WebsitesWebsites
Metadata ontologies (Application Profiles)Subject ontologies
XML BusXML BusA
OS
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7 A Semantic WebSpace by a Community of Practice
• But Not a semantic web, but a semantic space in the web for communities:Network of Data and Service Providers with agreed procedures and standards – and common ontological layers
• Data Provider: exposes institutional open archives of data and information– Development Agencies and NGOs– Research Institutions– Industry Information Centres
• Service Provider: provides services based on these institutional open archives– Libraries and other traditional Aggregators– Thematic or Regional Centres of Excellence– The data providers themselves
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6. Questions
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7Fake Questions, which need always answers
• Is the investment in metadata, controlled vocabularies and Ontologies running behind the web development: – Social Bookmarking, Wikis, …
• Yes and No– Many applications (bibliographical metadata at example)
need a rethinking– But no Web20 application has resolved the questions of
coherence and machine readability posed by Tim Berners Lee (“The web is like a big relational database without relations”)
• Semantic Social Bookmarking– Web 20 application might be used to create semantic
knowledge structures
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7Real Questions to discuss at this workshop
• Priorities, • what do we need most, • what can we achieve in measurable time
• Impact• how to reach out more efficiently• killer application/s
• Community, • how can we improve collaboration,• how can we exploit synergies and comparative
advantages
• Sustainability, • how can we assure services for a long time range, • who will give us the money
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The Team at FAO:Johannes Keizer, Stefano Anibaldi, Andrew
Bagdanov, Caterina Caracciolo , Marta Iglesias, Gudrun Johannsen, Stefka Kaloyanova, Kim Soonho, Boris Lauser, Irene Onyancha, Stefano Pesci, Valeria Pesce, Gauri Salokhe, Margherita Sini, Imma Subirats , Virginie Viollier, Kris Jelinek, Maria Folch, Kirsten Geist
And the network of collaborators
Dagobert Soergel, Anita Liang, Chang Chun, Asanee Kawtrakul, Aree Thunkijjanukij, Wang Zhong, Ze Li, Jai Haravu, ARD Prasad, Jayanta Chatterjee, TVP Prabhakar and many others
Credits