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AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

EXEMPLAR 2007

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

Agricultural Management Practices DoE/Exemplar 2007 NSC


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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Answer any FOUR questions in this question paper. Answer ONE crop production and THREE animal production enterprises OR TWO animal and TWO crop production enterprises OR ONE animal and THREE crop production enterprises. Start each production enterprise on a NEW page in the answer book. Number your answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. Write neatly and legibly. Read ALL the questions carefully and make sure you answer what is required.



3

QUESTION 1: MAIZE PRODUCTION 1.1 Various possible options are provided as answers to the following questions.

Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A – D) next to the question number (1.1.1 – 1.1.10) in the answer book, for example 1.1.11 A.

1.1.1 Which of the following provinces is well-known for the production of

maize? A Northern Cape B Free state C Gauteng D KwaZulu-Natal

1.1.2 Indicate which ONE of the following factors is the most critical

during the germination of the maize plant:

A Plant density B Plant depth C Fertilising D Availability of water

1.1.3 Which of the following soil types will be the most suitable for the

production of maize?

A Clay loam B Sand C Clay D Sand loam

1.1.4 The application of nitrogen on maize has a big influence on the …

A size of the kernel. B root development. C prevention of diseases. D vegetative growth.

1.1.5 Which ONE of the following implements is suitable for weed control

in maize?

A Mouldboard plough B Ripper C Tine cultivator D Rotovater



4

1.1.6 A reliable planter is of the utmost importance for the planting of

maize. Which ONE of the following characteristics is very important when choosing a planter?

A The prize B The colour C Effective depth control D The speed at which it is able to plant

1.1.7 How many weeks before planting should agricultural lime be

applied to the soil? A 8 B 1 C 3 D 5

1.1.8 In subsistence farming primary cultivation will be done with a/an …

A axe. B ripper. C rotary harrow. D hoe.

1.1.9 A maize farmer makes use of chemical weed control. Which ONE

of the following is very important when making use of chemical weed killers? A Buy the cheapest remedy on the market B A register must be kept on the volumes used C Can only be applied in the summer D Use only purified water

1.1.10 The moisture percentage of maize before marketing should be...

A 5% to 8%. B 14% to 18%. C 18% to 24%. D 12% to 14%. (10 x 1)

(10)



5

1.2 Study the sketch below that represents the growth stage of a maize plant and

answer the questions that follow:

1.2.1

1.2.2 1.2.3

Identify the growth stage of the plant. Critically explain why this growth stage is very important. Approximately how old is this plant?

(2)(6)(2)

1.3 Briefly describe the climatic requirements for maize by referring to the

following:

1.3.1

1.3.2 Temperature Water requirements

(3)(3)

1.4 Study the photographs below and answer the questions that follow: A B 1.4.1

1.4.2 Identify the implements. Differentiate between the TWO cultivation methods.

(2)(4)

Seminal roots



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1.5 Study the photograph of a maize plant with stalk rot and answer the questions

that follow:

1.5.1

1.5.2 1.5.3

What organism causes stalk rot? Briefly explain the symptoms of stalk rot. Name TWO precautionary measures to control stalk rot.

(2)(4)(2)

1.6 The following fertiliser recommendation was made for maize:

200 kg 3:2:1 (24) per hectare

Calculate the amount (kg/ha) of nitrogen that was applied according to the

above-mentioned recommendation.

(6) 1.7 Farmers can make herbicides more effective by adding substances to the

herbicides called chemical adjuvants. Name any FOUR adjuvants.

(4)[50]



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QUESTION 2: LUCERNE CULTIVATION 2.1 Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Write only

‘true’ or false’ next to the question number in the answer book.

2.1.1

2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 2.1.7 2.1.8 2.1.9 2.1.10

Lucerne is a perennial leguminous plant. Lucerne is a crop that needs a lot of water therefore Upington is NOT a good area to produce lucerne. A disadvantage of the nutrition value of lucerne is that it has a great deficiency of vitamins A and D. The lucerne plant has a taproot system. Lucerne can be cultivated on a variety of soils, but is best adapted to a deep, sandy loam with an open subsoil. The most suitable pH for lucerne production is 6,5 – 10,5. A lucerne plant uses about 700 – 800 litres of water to produce 1 kg of dry matter. The mineral molybdenum is necessary for the development of the rhizobium bacteria on the roots of the lucerne plant. The soil moisture and the weeds that occur in the area determine the optimum sowing time for lucerne, but research has shown that the best time in South Africa is during autumn. The best sowing density for the establishing of lucerne on irrigation soil is 5 kg per hectare. (10 x 1) (10)

2.2 A farmer does not know the water needs of the lucerne plant. Solve this

problem by giving him the factors that determine the water needs of the lucerne plant.

(5) 2.3 Where lucerne is marketed in controlled areas, 1% of the consignment has to

be inspected to see if it complies with the grading requirements.

Evaluate this statement by referring to the different grading requirements

(make use of a table to justify your answer).

(9)



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2.4 When lucerne is cultivated for the first time on a piece of land, the seed needs

to be inoculated.

2.4.1 What organism is used to inoculate the plants? (2)

2.4.2 To obtain the best results with the inoculant, it is necessary to store

it properly. What are the ideal conditions for storing the inoculant?

(3) 2.5 Recommend to a farmer the preventative measures he can apply to ensure

that his lucerne is not infested with dodder.

(5)

2.6 The adult stage of a caterpillar that occurs commonly in lucerne, is a yellow, white or orange butterfly.

2.6.1

2.6.2 2.6.3

Give the name of the pest. How can the larvae of the pest be identified? Explain which methods can be used to combat the disease.

(1)(2)(4)

2.7 Lucerne is a heavy feeder on potassium and potassium deficiencies occur

regularly on lucerne in South Africa.

Study the table below on fertilising lucerne with potassium. Redraw the table

in your answer book and write the missing answers (2.7.1 to 2.7.3) in the answer book. Potassium fertiliser (in kg/ha)

TIME DRY LAND (FOR 5 t HAY)

IRRIGATION (FOR 20 t HAY)

REMARKS

During or before establishment

2.7.1 75 - 200 Ploughed in

After establishment

75 - 150 2.7.2 2.7.3

(3)

2.8 Explain any TWO requirements that good quality lucerne hay have to comply with.

(4)

2.9 Name any TWO characteristics of soil that make it unsuitable for the

cultivation of lucerne.

(2)[50]



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QUESTION 3: WHEAT PRODUCTION 3.1 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions: 3.1.1 The cultivation practice where the soil is left undisturbed from

planting to harvest

3.1.2 The layer that occurs in soils if they are tilled to the same depth

annually

3.1.3 The Act that legally protects breeders and owners of cultivars 3.1.4 The unit that is used to determine the grade of wheat 3.1.5 This characteristic refers to the firm attachment of the kernels to

the head, as well as to what extent the husks cover the kernels.

3.1.6 The plant nutrient that is responsible for rapid vegetative growth in

wheat

3.1.7 The term that refers to the coarseness and fineness of soil 3.1.8 The term that is used for the loss of water through transpiration and

evaporation

3.1.9 The organism that is responsible for rust 3.1.10 The type of herbicide which, if sprayed on the leaves of the plant, is

transported within the plant and may even kill the roots of tough perennial weeds (10 x 1)

(10) 3.2 Cultivar choice is very important in wheat production. Recommend TWO

cultivars that can be planted in your area and give THREE reasons to justify your answer.

(5) 3.3 Answer the following questions on soil sampling in wheat production: 3.3.1 What is the apparatus called with which soil samples are taken if

you do not want to dig a hole?

(1) 3.3.2 What additional information about the usage of the soil should be

furnished?

(2) 3.3.3 What is the recommended depth for a sample of the topsoil? (1) 3.3.4 Define the term homogeneous units as used in soil sampling. (2)



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3.4 Create a list of the different methods of weed control in wheat and give ONE

example in each case.

(6) 3.5 Answer the following questions on integrated pest management: 3.5.1 Define the term integrated pest management. (3) 3.5.2 Name any TWO wheat pests that occur commonly in your area. (2) 3.5.3 You, as farmer, need to control a pest in your wheat. One of the

options is to make use of chemical control. Justify this statement by creating a list of the factors you should consider before making use of chemical control.

(4) 3.6 Name any FOUR agronomic characteristics that are applicable on wheat

seed.

(4)

3.7.1 What should the moisture content of wheat be before you can start

harvesting?

(2) 3.7.2 Why would farmers sometimes swathe and windrow wheat before

harvesting?

(2) 3.7.3 Name any THREE factors that can negatively influence the

harvesting of wheat, except for mechanical problems.

(3) 3.8 Explain what effect tillage has on the improvement of germination and root

growth of wheat.

(3)[50]

3.7 Answer the following questions about the harvesting of wheat:



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QUESTION 4: VEGETABLE PRODUCTION 4.1 Choose an item from COLUMN B that matches the description in

COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A - P) next to the question number (4.1.1 - 4.1.10) in the answer book.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 4.1.7 4.1.8 4.1.9 4.1.10

Green vegetables are rich in this vitamin To determine the level of nutrient elements in soils, one makes use of a ... Vegetable production can decrease the deficiency of ... in humans An essential nutrient for healthy leaf production A plant disease that can be controlled by chemicals The planting of vegetables in bags whereby the water and environmental conditions can be controlled artificially An adjuvant that can be added to water to neutralise the pH A hygienic practice used to decrease nematodes in irrigation water Fertilisers are dissolved in the irrigation water. This practice of fertilising is known as ... Which practice can be used to increase the production of climbers?

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H I J

K

L

M

N

O

P

calcium manganese hydroponics soil profile buffer vitamin A fungal diseases soil sample trellising of plants vitamin C filtration of irrigation water spray fertilisation decrease vitamin deficiencies in humans nitrogen foliar nutrition adjuvants in irrigation water

(10)



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4.2 What value does the use of vegetables have in the general health of people? (4)

4.3 Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow:

John wants to farm with vegetables. Various soil types are found on his farm. He does the following experiment with each type of soil: He fills a funnel with 100 ml of soil and adds 100 ml of water (see drawing).

His observations can be summarised as follows:

SOIL TYPE A SOIL TYPE B SOIL TYPE C Time to drain 3 minutes half an hour 6 hours Amount of water drained 80 ml 60 ml 30 ml

4.3.1 Name the soil characteristics that he can determine with this

experiment. (2) 4.3.2 The soil on his farm is clay soil, sandy soil and loam soil. Which

type will most probably be found in:

(a) (b) (c)

Soil type A Soil type B Soil type C

(1)(1)(1)

4.3.3 What can John do to ensure that soil type A retains more water?

(3)

Soil

Water drained



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4.4 Pests is a common problem in vegetable gardens. These pests have a

negative influence on the production of crops.

4.4.1 Briefly explain how a farmer can determine pest infestation in his

vegetable garden. (4) 4.4.2 Name the types of control methods for pests. (3) 4.4.3 Name the different spray techniques that can be used to combat

pests. (3) 4.5 If crops are sprayed with chemicals, it is important to calibrate the equipment. 4.5.1 Why is it important to calibrate the equipment? (1) 4.5.2 Develop a written plan for your farm manager to describe to him how

to calibrate a sprayer. (7)

4.6 Name any TWO types of record keeping that a vegetable farmer must implement on his farm.

(2)

4.7 Briefly discuss the following THREE factors that will influence the germination

of vegetable seed:

4.7.1 Soil type (3) 4.7.2 Soil moisture (2) 4.7.3 Soil temperature (3)

[50]



14

QUESTION 5: SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION 5.1 Various possible options are provided as answers to the following questions.

Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A – D) next to the question number (5.1.1 – 5.1.10) in the answer book, for a example 5.1.11 A.

5.1.1 Sunflowers are sensitive to … A

B C D

low soil temperatures. high soil temperatures. medium soil temperatures. None of the above-mentioned

5.1.2 Sunflowers are susceptible to … damage and for this reason it

cannot be cultivated at all in some areas.

A

B C D

frost hail bird cutworm

5.1.3 Sunflowers adapt relatively well to a wide variety of soil types. The

best soil type for sunflower cultivation is …

A

B C D

clay loam. silt. sand. clay.

5.1.4 Row width has an effect on the yield/ha. What row width is mostly

used when planting sunflowers?

A

B C D

150 – 120 cm 60 – 90 cm 100 – 150 cm 90 – 100 cm

5.1.5 Sunflowers are mainly grown in South Africa for … A

B C D

flowers. fodder. seed. market value/ton.

5.1.6 Sunflowers are flowering plants grown commercially and the

botanical/scientific name for it is…

A

B C D

Chrysanthemum peruvianum. Helianthus annuus. Helianthus argophyllus. Helianthus annuus annuus.



15

5.1.7 The root system of the sunflower is a/an… A

B C D

adventitious root system. tap-root system. fibrous root system. None of the above-mentioned

5.1.8 Sunflowers are usually cross-pollinated by ... A

B C D

wind. water. insects. man.

5.1.9 When is the best time to harvest sunflowers? A

B C D

60 - 100 days 100 - 120 days 120 - 180 days 90 - 120 days

5.1.10 In the past, diseases on sunflowers were considered to be less

important, but today diseases such as mildew causes damage when they infect the following:

A

B C D

Young plants Old plants Stems Flowers (10 x 1)

(10) 5.2 An emerging farmer wants to start a project on sunflower production. After an

investigation he realises that his soil has a problem. With the knowledge and skills you have acquired in respect of sunflower production, how would you assist him? Give the farmer the necessary information on the soil requirements of sunflowers.

(7)

5.3 What are the factors that need to be considered when practising mechanical weed control in sunflower production?

(5)

5.4 Sunflowers should be grown in rotation (crop rotation) with other crops.

Create a list of the importance of this practice in sunflowers

(5)

5.5 Which cultural methods can a farmer use to control sunflower diseases? (5)



16

5.6 An entrepreneur wants to venture into sunflower production. He is based in

North West. How can you assist him in understanding the basic climatic requirements for the cultivation of sunflowers?

(5)

5.7 Which fertilisation method can be used to apply the following fertilisers in sunflower production:

5.7.1 Nitrogen (1) 5.7.2 Phosphorus (1) 5.7.3 Potassium (1) 5.7.4 Sulphur (1) 5.8 Irrigation is one of the ways used in sunflowers to maximise the yield per

hectare.

5.8.1 Identify the irrigation system in the photograph above. (1) 5.8.2 Which method of irrigation is shown in the photograph? (1) 5.8.3 What would be the advantages of using this equipment on a sandy

loam soil? (3) 5.8.4 Which Act is applicable when a person operates this system? (2)

5.8.5 Plant density is of primary importance in sunflower production. What must the plant density be (high or low) if you make use of the irrigation system above? Motivate your answer. (2)

[50]



17

QUESTION 6: VITICULTURE 6.1 Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Write only

'true' or 'false' next to the question number (6.1.1 – 6.1.10) in the answer book.

6.1.1 One of the byproducts of viticulture is vinegar. 6.1.2 Cultivation of soils will make harvesting a lot easier. 6.1.3 The covering of soil with organic material will decrease the water

content.

6.1.4 The optimum soil pH for viticulture is between 3,5 and 6,5. 6.1.5 Phosphate fertiliser can be placed far from roots because it moves

easily in soils.

6.1.6 Potassium deficiency can be spotted by the yellowing of the leaf margin.

6.1.7 The ideal method of irrigation for viticulture is drip irrigation. 6.1.8 Taking a soil sample is the best way to determine nutrient

deficiency in plants.

6.1.9 Sudden climatic changes during fruit forming, will have no effect on the production of grapes needed for viticulture.

6.1.10 Labourers with Aids may not have any contact with the grapes because it will transfer the virus. (10 x 1) (10)

6.2 Viticulture plays an important role in the economical welfare of the community

by work creation.

6.2.1 Create a list of production activities of labourers on a vine-growing

farm.

(5)

6.2.2 List THREE industries that benefit from viticulture on the farm. (3)

6.3 What is the aim of cultivating soils in vineyards? Give FOUR reasons. (4)

6.4 Choosing the best rootstock is important for healthy vineyards. Name FOUR characteristics to be considered when choosing the rootstock. (4)



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6.5 Inoculation is a common method of reproducing vines.

One of the methods of inoculation is shown in the sketch below:

6.5.1 Name the parts labelled A - D in the sketch. (4) 6.5.2 Briefly describe the inoculation procedure that is shown in the

illustration above. (4)

6.6 A type of vineyard disease that occurs commonly is fungal diseases.

6.6.1 Name TWO fungal diseases that occur all over South Africa. (2) 6.6.2 Explain the difference between spraying and dusting of fungicides. (4)

A

C

B D



19

6.7 The following data about a calibrated sprayer is available:

Width of sprayer = 15 m Amount of nozzles = 25 Fungicide solution needed = 100 l/ha Distance for calibration = 100 m Timeframe of calibration = 12 seconds

6.7.1 What amount of water will be sprayed from each nozzle if the

sprayer is calibrated correctly? (2) 6.7.2 Which changes can a farmer make to ensure that the correct

amount of fungicide is applied per hectare if the sprayer is faulty? (3)

6.8 To determine the nutrient levels in plants, one can make use of a foliar sample.

6.8.1 Which leaves are picked when taking a foliar sample? (1) 6.8.2 What steps must be taken once you have obtained the leaves? (4)

[50]

QUESTION 7: BEEF PRODUCTION 7.1 Various possible options are provided as answers to the following questions.

Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A – D) next to the question number (7.1.1 – 7.1.10) in the answer book, for a example 7.1.11 A.

7.1.1 According to the Animal Identification Act (Act No. 6 of 2002), legal

identification marks are important in beef production because ...

A

B C D

they are used in courts to prosecute cattle thieves. they are used for dehorning cattle. they are used for transportation of animals. the farmer is legally obliged to do it.

7.1.2 Crossbreeding is the mating of … cattle. A

B C D

non-related related beef dairy



20

7.1.3 Tattooing of beef animals is done by means of … A

B C D

dry ice and alcohol. special tattooing forceps and ink to mark the animals. burning a mark on the skin of the animal. removing the testicles of the bull.

7.1.4 Poisons used on beef cattle must be … A

B C D

stored among the feed. stored on the floor where other animals can drink it. locked up in a cupboard. stored in cold drink bottles.

7.1.5 Which ONE of the following statements are CORRECT according

to the law? The person with Aids has …

A

B C D

no equal right to privacy. no equal right to health care. no equal right to training. an equal right to fair labour practices.

7.1.6 Progeny testing in beef animals means … A

B C D

selection of breeding animals based on the merit of the animal’s progeny. selection based on the ability of the farmer to identify outstanding breeding animals. selection for two or more traits. selection for a single trait only.

7.1.7 The most important function of the primary female reproductive

organs is …

A

B C D

to produce hormones. to produce gametes. to maintain pregnancy in cows. for copulation.

7.1.8 Oestrus is regarded as the … A

B C D

first stage of the follicular phase of the oestrus cycle. second stage of the follicular phase of the oestrus cycle. last stage of the follicular phase of the oestrus cycle. third stage of the follicular phase of the oestrus cycle.



21

7.1.9 When pasture quality is low, molasses can be used to improve

intake and palatability of feeds. In which season of the year will one expect palatability and nutritive value of feeds be at their lowest?

A

B C D

Summer Spring Winter Autumn

7.1.10 Which ONE of the following is TRUE if the Burdizzo castrator is

being used?

A

B C D

Scrotum is cut off Seminal guide (vas deferens) is cut off S-curve of penis is damaged Seminal guide (vas deferens) is bruised (10 x 1)

(10) 7.2 Which basic requirements must a feed ration for feedlot cattle adhere to? (5) 7.3 Draw a diagram to show any FIVE groups of diseases and give ONE example

in each case.

(10) 7.4 Dipping of animals is a common practice used by cattlemen. 7.4.1 Why are animals dipped? (1) 7.4.2 Name the different methods of dipping beef cattle. (3) 7.5 Compile a set of guidelines that need to be considered before erecting

handling facilities for beef cattle

(9) 7.6 Water is the major constituent of the body of cattle and it performs many

important functions.

Briefly explain the following factors affecting water consumption by cattle: 7.6.1 Dry material intake (1) 7.6.2 Type of feed eaten (1) 7.6.3 Levels of salt intake (1) 7.6.4 Physiological state of the animal (1) 7.6.5 Environmental temperature (1)



22

7.7 Briefly explain how the following issues can be addressed on a farm in order

to cope with farm workers/labourers who have tested positive for HIV/Aids:

7.7.1 Nutrition/Food (1) 7.7.2 Health care (1) 7.7.3 Caring for people with HIV/Aids (1) 7.7.4 Discrimination on the farm/Right to fair labour practices (1) 7.8 Losses arising from injury, bruising and death amongst cattle in transit

between the farm and the abattoir is a reality. This must be avoided for legal, humanitarian and financial reasons.

7.8 State THREE basic aspects that must be considered when transporting cattle

to an abattoir.

(3)[50]

QUESTION 8: POULTRY PRODUCTION (BROILERS) 8.1 Various possible options are provided as answers to the following questions.


8.1.1 Which ONE of the following factors plays the most important role in

the design of a broiler house?

A

B C D

Slope Climate Capital Breed

8.1.2 Indicate which ONE of the following factors is the most critical for

the performance and final product in terms of quality and uniformity:

A

B C D

Breed Ventilation Bedding Stock density

8.1.3 Which ONE of the following breeds is the most suitable for meat

production?

A

B C D

Ross Leghorn Plymouth Rock Loman



23

8.1.4 The addition of fish meal to a ration has a big influence on the … A

B C D

energy levels of the ration. growth. prevention of diseases. colour of the skin.

8.1.5 The average weight of a broiler after 35 to 42 days should be … A

B C D

1,8 kg. 2,8 kg. 1,2 kg. 3,2 kg.

8.1.6 'A reliable feeder is of the utmost importance. Which ONE of the

following characteristics is very important when choosing a feeder?

A

B C D

Must be expensive The colour Easy to fill Must hold at least 100 kg of feed

8.1.7 How many kilograms of starter should a farmer buy for 1 000

chicks?

A

B C D

250 1 500 500 1 000

8.1.8 What is the normal body temperature of a broiler chick? A

B C D

37 °C 41 °C 39 °C 35 °C

8.1.9 Which ONE of the following diseases is responsible for the most

deaths on broiler farms?

A

B C D

Enteritis Newcastle Aspergillosis Hepatitis



24

8.1.10 A human disease that might have a negative influence on the

productivity of the labour force in the long term:

A

B C D

Cold or flu Tuberculosis Measles Diarrhoea (10 x 1) (10)

8.2 Briefly explain the factors that one should keep in mind when selecting a site

for the construction of a poultry house.

(5) 8.3 What is the effect of the following on broilers: 8.3.1 Very high ammonia levels (1) 8.3.2 Too much dust (1) 8.3.3 A relative high humidity (1) 8.3.4 High levels of carbon dioxide (1) 8.4 Chicken behaviour is the best indicator of correct brooder temperature.

Evaluate the diagrams below and explain the situation in each case:

A B

C D

(5)



25

8.5 The single most important aspect of biosecurity is the isolation of broilers from

all other poultry and livestock.

8.5.1 Which organism is responsible for the contamination of poultry

products?

(1) 8.5.2 Name any FOUR key points to keep in mind with regard to bio-

security. (4) 8.6 Name any FOUR factors that will influence broiler rations. (4) 8.7 Study the graph below and answer the questions that follow:

8.7.1

What will the result be if the temperature of the environment rises above 40 °C?

(2) 8.7.2 What will happen if chicks are exposed to a high temperature for

one hour only?

(2) 8.8 Name SIX possible causes of cannibalism among broilers. (6) 8.9 Your farm manager wants to inseminate your poultry, but he is not sure how

to do it. Help him to do this by explaining the necessary steps to execute the insemination successfully.

(7)[50]

BODY TEMPERATURE

RATIO BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES AND TIME OF EXPOSURE

DEATHS

HOURS EXPOSED

TEMPERATURE OF ENVIRONMENT

RESPIRATION RATE PER MINUTE



26

QUESTION 9: SHEEP PRODUCTION, MUTTON AND WOOL 9.1 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions: 9.1.1 The term that refers to the deaths of animals 9.1.2 The mating method where rams are placed individually with ewes

in a camp

9.1.3 A ram of which the vas deferens (seminal guide) has been

removed and who can therefore no longer ejaculate

9.1.4 An undesirable hair in the wool of sheep 9.1.5 The unit that is used to express the thickness of wool fibre 9.1.6 The wool that is stained with paint, tar, marking fluid, et cetera. 9.1.7 The disease where the rapid decomposition of the carcass is a

symptom

9.1.8 The visible external characteristics used in the selection of animals 9.1.9 The reproductive cycle that occurs each 16 to 18 days in normal,

pubertal and healthy ewes

9.1.10 The system of grazing that is followed to prevent selective grazing

(10 x 1) (10) 9.2 Study the photographs below and answer the questions that follow: A B

9.2.1 Identify the disease in A. (1) 9.2.2 Identify the organism in B which is responsible for the disease. (1) 9.2.3 The organism in B is host specific. Explain this statement. (1) 9.2.4 Which Act is applicable to this disease? (1)



27

9.3 State the classification of sheep breeds in South Africa. (4) 9.4 Study the following information and answer the questions that follow: Total number of ewes in flock: 430

Total number of lambs born: 450 Number of lambs weaned: 380 Number of ewes mated: 400 Number of ewes given birth: 350

9.4.1 Calculate the lambing percentage of the flock. (2) 9.4.2 Is the lambing percentage calculated in QUESTION 9.4.1 high or

low for sheep? Motivate your answer.

(2) 9.4.3 Calculate the engagement percentage of the flock. (2) 9.4.4 Which conclusion can you draw from the number of lambs

weaned? (1) 9.5 Study the picture below and answer the questions that follow:

9.5.1 Identify the apparatus. (1) 9.5.2 State the advantages of using the apparatus. (5) 9.6 Create a list of any FIVE factors to be taken into consideration when planning

the handling facilities for sheep.

(5) 9.7 A farmer wants to buy a new ram. Explain the factors that he should consider

before buying the ram.

(4) 9.8 Pasture management is a priority for extensive sheep farming. Which factors must be considered when pasture is divided into smaller

camps? (5)

9.9 If a farmer weans his sheep too early, the stress of the animals must be

alleviated.

List the important guidelines a farmer has to follow to achieve this. (5)

[50]



28

QUESTION 10: PIG PRODUCTION 10.1 Various possible options are provided as answers to the following questions.


10.1.1 Pigs marketed at approximately 55 kg are known as … A

B C D

weaners. porkers. baconers. other adult pigs.

10.1.2 The genetic improvement of pigs can be measured in the ... A

B C D

pig improvement scheme. measuring of height. measuring of length. measuring of weight.

10.1.3 The ideal temperature in the creep area for the piglets just after

birth, is ...

A

B C D

40 – 50 °C. 28 - 32 °C. 15 – 20 °C. 5 – 10 °C.

10.1.4 Which ONE of the following records will be the best to indicate

excellent management of a pig production unit?

A

B C D

Piglets born Piglets born alive Piglets born dead Piglets born alive and a low mortality up to weaning

10.1.5 The breeding of pigs by mating a Large White boar with a

Landrace sow, is called …

A

B C D

inbreeding. line breeding. crossbreeding. upgrading.

10.1.6 The oestrus cycle of a sow is ... days. A

B C D

5 – 21 18 – 24 16 – 18 19 – 22



29

10.1.7 The gestation period of a sow is ... days on average. A

B C D

290 347 115 155

10.1.8 Which ONE of the following is NOT a prerequisite for a good boar

pen?

A

B C D

Cement floor Enclosed area with little airflow Enough space Dry area

10.1.9 One of the reasons for cutting piglets' tails is ... A

B C D

cannibalism. odour in meat. faster growth rate. higher adult mass.

10.1.10 Which ONE of the following parasites is also known as pork

measles?

A

B C D

Nodular worm Tapeworm Roundworm Mange (10 x 1) (10)

10.2 During the breeding programme for porkers, a farmer makes use of purebred

Landrace and Duroc pigs. Some of the female offspring is used further in the breeding programme.

10.2.1 Give FOUR reasons why a farmer will follow such a breeding

programme. (4) 10.2.2 Indicate diagrammatically what such a breeding programme will

look like up to the F-3 generation. (4) 10.3 Castration of young boars is a common practice to prevent odour of the meat

in the adult stage.

Support this statement by describing how you will castrate young boars. (9)



30

10.4 Study the following graph on growth rate of pigs and answer the questions

that follow by referring to A, B and C:

Growth rate

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Age (weeks)

Mas

s (k

g)

10.4.1 At which stage will the growth rate be the highest? (1) 10.4.2 At which stage should the colostrum supply the necessary nutrients

for the piglet? (1) 10.4.3 How does the nutritional requirement indicated at C compare with

that of B? Provide reasons for your answer. (3) 10.4.4 Which stage is the ideal stage to wean the piglets? (1) 10.4.5 According to the graph, what is the ideal: (a)

(b) Wean age Wean mass

(1)(1)

10.5 After two weeks, a pig farmer sees that his piglets are pale and die later on.

He decides to determine the possible cause. A post-mortem indicates a pale carcass with a dilated heart.

10.5.1 Which practices can he apply to determine the cause before the

animals die? (2) 10.5.2 What possible deficiency could be responsible for this condition? (1) 10.5.3 Name any THREE other symptoms of this deficiency in pigs. (3) 10.5.4 How would a farmer prevent such a loss in the future? (2)

AB

C



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10.6 Piglets must get colostrum as quickly as possible after birth. This will

increase immunity against early diseases and ensure healthy piglets. Consider the diagram below on immunity: Natural Active immunity Artificial Immunity Natural Passive immunity Artificial

10.6.1 Briefly explain how an animal can obtain natural active immunity. (2) 10.6.2 Briefly explain how an animal can obtain natural passive immunity. (2) 10.6.3 Explain how piglets can obtain immunity against an illness like

E. coli. (3)[50]



32

QUESTION 11: DIARY FARMING 11.1 Study the graph of undesirable events during milk production and answer the

questions that follow:

11.1.1 Explain the drastic drop in A, after milking occurred normally. (1) 11.1.2 What is the effect of E on the internal udder pressure? (1) 11.1.3 What is the normal internal udder pressure in mm Hg? (1) 11.1.4 What hormone is released because of the actions in D? (1) 11.1.5 In B the udder pressure drops rapidly because of the operator's

action. What did the person do? (1)

AB

C

D

E



33

In QUESTIONS 11.1.6 to 11.1.10 indicate what is wrong with the position of

the foetus before birth. Only ONE position is correct.

11.1.6 11.1.7

11.1.8 11.1.9

11.1.10

(5 x 1) (5) 11.2 Briefly explain the impact (socio-economic implications) that a dairy farm will

have on a society in a rural area.

(3) 11.3 Estimation of the breeding value of an individual from ancestor records is of

limited value.

Judge the above statement. (4)


Copyright reserved

34

11.4 Study the schematic representation of artificial insemination and answer the

questions that follow:

11.4.1 Name the apparatus labelled B. (2) 11.4.2 Explain the importance of the index finger. (2) 11.4.3 What is the structure being held in the person’s hand called? (1) 11.4.4 Briefly explain the deposit of the semen. (3) 11.5 The first two months in the life of a calf are very critical and the eventual

performance will depend on the way it is treated. Housing plays an important role in this period.

This statement shows the importance of indoor standing crates for calves.

Briefly explain the advantages.

(6) 11.6 Name the types of wounds and injuries a dairy cow can obtain. (4) 11.7. Create a table to show the differences between sweet and sour field. (7) 11.8 Define the following terms: 11.9.1 Open period (2) 11.9.2 Dry period (2) 11.9 What are the aims of good pasture management?

TOTAL:

(4)[50]

200

D E FC

B

A

G

agricultural mng - exemplar 2007 - qpaper eng - mindset...

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