AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS

AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALSStefanie Aragon, Ryan Bullis, Brian Poe, & Hunter Nettles

The production of pesticides started in India in 1952.

Photo source: https://ehsd.tamu.edu/Safety%20Manual/Agriculture%20Safety.aspx

India is now the second largest manufacturer of pesticides in Asia after China and ranks twelfth globally

Five of the most widely used chemicals pesticides and herbicides permeating America are: GlyphostateAtrazineChlorpyrifosMetolachlorMetam Sodium

Photo source: https://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2015/01/22/gmo-myth-farmers-drown-crops-in-dangerous-glyphosate-fact-they-use-eye-droppers/

In 2007 roughly 877 million pounds of active ingredients were applied to U.S. cropland

Photo source: http://www.webmd.com/parkinsons-disease/ss/slideshow-parkinsons-overview

There are 65 known pesticides that are banned from the production of food, by the FDA, in the United States.

Although 65 pesticides are banned in the states; 13 controversial pesticides are still being used in the United States, but are banned elsewhere...

Photo Source: http://www.healthygutbugs.com/preventing-treating-food-poisoning-probiotics/

Azodicarbonamide, Blue No. 1&2, Tartrazine (Yellow 5), BHA & BHT (Hydroxyanisole & Hydroxytoluene), Arsenic, rBGH & rBST, Potassium Bromate, Brominated Vegetable Oil, Olestra, and Diphenylamine are all chemicals actively being used in our country, while others have them banned.

In a 2013/2014 report from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, nearly 43 percent of sampled infant food had residue found on them. http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/chemical-residues-microbiology/chemical-residues/eng/1324258929171/1324264923941 Government of Canada, inspection.gc.ca Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Website last accessed 03/20/2016.

Pesticide ResiduePhoto source: http://atikahnaaim.blogspot.com.es/

Top 5 foods with the most residue ApplesStrawberriesGrapesCeleryPeaches

http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/food-recipes/healthy/news/g168/dirty-dozen-foods/ Good Housekeeping, Shapley, Dan, goodhousekeeping.com, 02/01/2015, website last accessed 03/20/2016

Residue on our food

The world-wide deaths and chronic diseases due to pesticide poisoning number about 1 million per year

The high risk groups exposed to pesticides include production workers, formulators, sprayers, mixers, loaders and agricultural farm workers.

Unintentional poisonings kill an estimated 355 000 people globally each year

DIRTY DOZEN CHEMICALSDECIDED ON AT THE 2001 STOCKHOLM CONVENTION

CHLORDANEInsecticide used on crops, including vegetables, small grains, potatoes, sugar cane, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, citrus, and cottonUsed on home lawn and garden pests. Also used extensively to control termites

ALDRIN AND DIELDRINInsecticide used on crops such as corn and cotton; also used for termite control

DDTInsecticide used on agricultural crops, primarily cotton, and insects that carry diseases such as malaria and typhus

EDRINInsecticide used on crops such as cotton and grains as well as to control rodents

MIREXInsecticide used to combat fire ants, termites, and mealy bugsAlso used as fire retardant in plastics, rubber and electrical products

HEPTACHLORInsecticide used primarily against soil insects and termites. Also used against some crop pests and to combat malaria

HEXACHLOROBENZENEFungicide used for seed treatmentAlso an industrial chemical used to make fireworks, ammunition, synthetic rubber, and other substancesAlso unintentionally produced during combustion and the manufacture of certain chemicalsAlso and impurity in certain pesticides

PCBSUsed for a variety of industrial processes and purposes, including electrical transformers and capacitors as heat exchange fluids, paint additives, in carbonless copy paper, and in plasticsAlso unintentionally produced during combustion

TOXAPHENEInsecticide used to control pests on crops and livestock, also to kill unwanted fish in lakes.

DIOXINS AND FURANSUnintentionally produced during most forms of combustions, including burning of municipal and medical wastes, backyard burning of trash and industrial processesCan be found as trace contaminants in certain herbicides, wood preservatives and in PCB mixtures

Photo Source: http://grocerynews.org/images/pesticide-contamination-water-soil-river-food-plants-spray-apples.png

EXPOSURE TO THESE CHEMICALS CAN LEAD TO:

PROBLEMS WITH Reproductive systemDevelopmentBehaviorNeurologyImmune Deficiencies

Please pause the slideshow and press play on the video.

The Solution

What is organic?Organic produce and other ingredients are grown without the use of pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, genetically modified organisms, or ionizing radiation. Animals that produce meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products do not take antibiotics or growth hormones.

Benefits of going organicKeep chemicals out of the air, water, soil and our bodiesReduce if not eliminate off farm pollutionBuild healthy soilFood will taste better and have truer flavorHealthier environment as a whole

Facts about going organicOrganic food is sold to consumers through three main venues in the United Statesconventional grocery stores, natural food stores, and direct-to-consumer markets.

A typical organic consumer is difficult to pinpoint, but new research continues to shed light on consumer attitudes and purchasing behavior.

Organic price premiums continue to remain high in many markets as the demand for organic products expands.

Photo Source: http://healthmogulold.blogspot.com/

BibliographyMayfield, Erin N., and Catherine Shelley Norman. "Moving Away from Methyl Bromide: Political Economy of Pesticide Transition for California Strawberries since 2004." Journal of Environmental Management 106 (2012): 93-101. Academic Journal. 17 Mar. 2015.Forestral Design. "Organic Education." Organic.org. 2016. Web. 11 Apr. 2016. Persistent Organic Pollutants: A Global Issue. A Global Response. EPA. Environmental Protection Agency. Web. 06 Apr 2016.Dioxins and Their Effects on Human Health. World Health Organization. Web. 06 Apr.2016Aktar. Md. Wasim. Dwaipayan Segupta. And Ashim Chowdhury. Impact of Pesticides Use in Agriculture: Their Benefits and Hazards. Interdisciplinary Toxicology 2.1 (2009); 1-12 PMC. Web. 09 Apr 2016U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Food Additive Status List. Web. 08 Apr. 2016Kim, Susan. 11 Food Ingredients Banned Outside the U.S. That We Still Eat Here. ABC News. ABC News Network. Web. 08 Apr. 2016 "Organic Education." Organic.org. 2016. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.

Bibliography "GMO Myth: Farmers." Genetic Literacy Project. 2015. Web. 13 Apr. 2016. "Parkinson's Disease Pictures: Famous People With Parkinson's." WebMD. WebMD. Web. 13 Apr. 2016. "Preventing and Treating Food Poisoning with Probiotics." HealthyGutBugscom. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2016. Greene, Catherine. "USDA ERS - Organic Agriculture: Organic Market Overview." USDA ERS - Organic Agriculture: Organic Market Overview. 7 Apr. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2016. Steinberger, Jillian. "The Future Strawberry: Will the Loss of a Major Pesticide Help the Industry to Go Green? | Civil Eats." Civil Eats The Future Strawberry Will the Loss of a Major Pesticide Help the Industry to Go Green Comments. 11 Jan. 2015. Web. 18 Mar. 2016.

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