agent dynamics in complex multilevel systems of systems of systems jeffrey johnson
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Agent Dynamics in Complex Multilevel Systems of Systems of Systems Jeffrey Johnson The Open University - UK. AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009. Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Agent Dynamics in Complex Multilevel
Systems of Systems of Systems
Jeffrey Johnson
The Open University - UK
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
e.g. a conversation is emerges from interaction
e.g.
did you see the football ?
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
e.g. a conversation is emerges from interaction
e.g.
did you see the football ?
no
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
e.g. a conversation is emerges from interaction
e.g.
do you like Paris ?
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
e.g. a conversation is emerges from interaction
e.g.
do you like Paris ?
yes, a lot
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
e.g. a conversation is emerges from interaction
e.g.
I love the food …
and the wine
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
e.g. a conversation is emerges from interaction
I love the food …
and the wine
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
e.g. a conversation is emerges from interaction
Generally the interaction is computationally irreducible
I love the food …
and the wine
… unpredictable
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
e.g. a conversation is emerges from interaction
Generally the interaction is computationally irreducible
I love the food …
and the wine
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
e.g. a conversation is emerges from interaction
Generally the interaction is computationally irreducible
I love the food …
and the wine
… unpredictable – cannot make point predictions
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
More generally the behaviour of people depends on interaction with many other people.
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
More generally the behaviour of people depends on interaction with many other people.
in networks
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
More generally the behaviour of people depends on interaction with many other people.
in networks
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
More generally the behaviour of people depends on interaction with many other people.
in networks
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
nodes in networks can be anything
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
nodes in networks can be anything
e.g. countries
Taiwan
France
USA
JapanIceland
Ghana
Mexico
Peru
Australia
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
What is there between the micro and the macro level ?
Taiwan
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
What is there between the micro and the macro level ?
Taiwan System
Sub-System
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
What is there between the micro and the macro level ?
Taiwan System
Sub-System
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
What is there between the micro and the macro level ?
Taiwan System
Sub-System
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
Taiwan is a system of systems of systems
Taiwan System
Sub-Systems
System of
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems – dynamics emerge from the
interaction of the parts
Taiwan is a system of systems of systems
Taiwan System
Sub-Systems
System of
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems
How can we:
- represent multilevel systems of system of systems ?
- model their dynamics at any level ?
- integrate their bottom-up and top down dynamics ?
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Complex systems
How can we:
- represent multilevel systems of system of systems ?
- model their dynamics at any level ?
- integrate their bottom-up and top down dynamics ?
What role do agents play in all this ?
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Relations give us networks of agents
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Relations give us networks
Micro-level connectivity structure matters
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
3 binary relations one 3-ary relation
Binary relations are not rich enough
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Relational Structure
Binary relation 3-ary relation 4-ary relation
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Multilevel Systems & Hypernetworks for the dynamics of complex multilevel systems
Polyhedral Connectivity in Hypernetworks
0- near polyhedra
The intersection of two simplices is called their shared face.
They are q-near if their shared face has dimension q
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
1- near polyhedra
0- near polyhedra
The intersection of two simplices is called their shared face.
They are q-near if their shared face has dimension q
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Polyhedral Connectivity in Hypernetworks
0- near polyhedra
The intersection of two simplices is called their shared face.
They are q-near if their shared face has dimension q
1- near polyhedra
(and also 0-near)
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Polyhedral Connectivity in Hypernetworks
1- near polyhedra
2- near polyhedra
0- near polyhedra
Polyhedral Connectivity in Hypernetworks
Polyhedra can be q-connected
through shared faces
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Polyhedral Connectivity in Hypernetworks
Polyhedra can be q-connected
through shared faces
1-connected components
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Polyhedral Connectivity in Hypernetworks
Polyhedra can be q-connected
through shared faces
1-connected components
Q-analysis: listing q-components
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Polyhedral Connectivity in Hypernetworks
Polyhedral Connectivity & q-transmission
The Bull The Dog The Ship The Royal Oak
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Polyhedral Connectivity & q-transmission
My dog’s got
No nose
How does he smell ?
The Bull The Dog The Ship The Royal Oak
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Polyhedral Connectivity & q-transmission
Terrible !
How does he smell ?
The Bull The Dog The Ship The Royal Oak
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Polyhedral Connectivity & q-transmission
Terrible !
How does he smell ?
The Bull The Dog The Ship The Royal Oak
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Polyhedral Connectivity & q-transmission
My dog’s got
No nose
How does he smell ?
The Bull The Dog The Ship The Royal Oak
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Polyhedral Connectivity & q-transmission
My dog’s got
No nose
How does he smell ?
The Bull The Dog The Ship The Royal Oak
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Polyhedral Connectivity & q-transmission
My dog’s got
No nose
How does he smell ?
The Bull The Dog The Ship The Royal Oak
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Polyhedral Connectivity & q-transmission
Terrible!
How does he smell ?
The joke is q-transmitted through the backcloth
The Bull The Dog The Ship The Royal Oak
Hypernetworks for the dynamics of complex multilevel systems ISCTE Lisbon 12-Jan-2008
Polyhedral Structure
provides a new way of representing
& multilevel systems …
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
e.g. take a set of 3 blocks
Formation of simplices hierarchical structure
{ }AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
{ }R
R
Formation of simplices hierarchical structure
e.g. take a set of 3 blocks assembled by a 3-ary relation
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
{ }R
Formation of simplices hierarchical structure
e.g. take a set of 3 blocks assembled by a 3-ary relation R
The structure has an emergent property
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
{ }R
Formation of simplices hierarchical structure
Level N+1
Level N
n-ary relation
assembles elements
into named
structures at a higher
level
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
{ }R
Formation of simplices hierarchical structure
Archn-ary relation
assembles elements
into named
structures at a higher
level
R
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Example:
gin, tonic, ice, lemon
gin
ice
tonic
lemon
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Example:
gin, tonic, ice, lemon
Gin & Tonic is a Gestalt !
gin
ice
tonic
lemon
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Example: Road Accidents
upset
rain
speed
tired
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Example: Road Accidents
upset
rain
speed
tired
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
The accident is a whole
the individual parts may not cause an accident
Example: Road Accidents
upset
rain
speed
tired
can weight importance
of the vertices
0.6 contribution
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Example: Road Accidents
upset
rain
speed
tired
can weight importance
of the vertices
0.6 contribution
0.8 contribution
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Example: Road Accidents
rain
speed
tired
can weight importance
of the vertices
0.6 contribution
0.8 contribution
0.3 contribution
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
upset
Example: Road Accidents
upset
rain
speed
tired
can weight importance
of the vertices
0.6 contribution
0.8 contribution
0.9 contribution
0.3 contribution
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Example: Road Accidents
upset
rain
speed
tired
can weight importance
of the vertices
0.6 contribution
0.8 contribution
0.9 contribution
0.3 contribution
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Fuzzy 0.6 contribution
Example: robot soccer
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Example: robot soccer
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Example: robot soccer
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Example: robot soccer
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
‘scoring a goal’
Example: robot soccer
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
‘the old 1-2 move’
‘scoring a goal’
Example: robot soccer
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
‘The old 1-2’ as a trajectory in multidimensional space
Example: robot soccer
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
‘The old 1-2’ as a trajectory in multidimensional space
Example: robot soccer
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
‘The old 1-2’ as a trajectory in multidimensional space
Example: robot soccer
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
‘The old 1-2’ as a trajectory in multidimensional space
Example: robot soccer
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
‘The old 1-2’ as a polyhedral trajectory in multidimensional space
Example: robot soccer
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
formation of a polyhedron is a structural event
Passing ball event
Goal scoring event
Example: robot soccer
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Multilevel Structure and Set Definition
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Multilevel Structure and Set Definition
Complex systems generally have many ‘levels’
cells → organs → animals
chips → boards → computers
people → departments → institutions
nurses → … hospitals … → health trusts
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Multilevel Structure in Human Systems
Clipboard challenge
you are studying a hospital, how many
things can you see ? € 1.00 for each !
e.g.
bandages, desks, nurses, uniforms, aspirin, light-switches, door knobs, beds, pencils, pills, doctors, trolleys, windows, doors, wards, flowers, canteens, children, teddy bears, waste bins, curtains, computers, car parks, cups, …
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Multilevel Structure in Human Systems
Clipboard challenge
bandages, desks, nurses, uniforms, aspirin, light-switches, door knobs, beds, pencils, pills, doctors, trolleys, windows, doors, wards, flowers, canteens, children, teddy bears, waste bins, curtains, computers, car parks, cups, …
This is a multilevel mess !
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Multilevel Structure in Human Systems
Sorting out the hierarchical mess …
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Multilevel Structure in Human Systems
Lifting coherent vocabulary from the soup
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Multilevel Structure in Human Systems
Lifting coherent vocabulary from the soup
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Multilevel Structure in Human Systems
Lifting coherent vocabulary from the soup
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
AND and OR aggregations in multilevel systems
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Representing Complex Systems & Dynamics
Backcloth, Traffic & Type-1 Dynamics
Traffic on the multi-dimensional backcloth
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Representing Complex Systems & Dynamics
Backcloth, Traffic & Type-1 Dynamics
Traffic on the multi-level backcloth
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Representing Complex Systems & Dynamics
Backcloth, Traffic & Type-1 Dynamics
Traffic on the multi-level backcloth - coherence
Cannot look at just one level
Traffic must aggregate coherently over the structure
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Unpacking High-level Structure in Human Systems
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
System time and System Events
System dynamics as traffic on a fixed multilevel backclothAESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Representing Complex Systems & Dynamics
Backcloth, Traffic & Type-1 Dynamics
Towards representing systems of systems of …
Cannot look at just one level
Traffic must aggregate coherently over the structure
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Agents, Climate Change & Systems of Systems of Systems
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Agents, Climate Change & Systems of Systems of Systems
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Government Policy
?
?
Agents
Conclusions
- complex systems - systems of systems of systems
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Conclusions
- complex systems - systems of systems of systems
- need new multilevel mathematics to integrate
hypernetworks are necessary if not sufficient
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Conclusions
- complex systems - systems of systems of systems
- need new multilevel mathematics to integrate
hypernetworks are necessary if not sufficient
- hypernetworks give a theory of aggregation
- mappings aggregate over hypernetworks
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Conclusions
- complex systems - systems of systems of systems
- need new multilevel mathematics to integrate
hypernetworks are necessary if not sufficient
- hypernetworks give a theory of aggregation
- mappings aggregate over hypernetworks
- governments think at the macrolevel (it’s easier!)
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Conclusions
- complex systems - systems of systems of systems
- need new multilevel mathematics to integrate
hypernetworks are necessary if not sufficient
- hypernetworks give a theory of aggregation
- mappings aggregate over hypernetworks
- governments think at the macrolevel (it’s easier!)
- agents are needed at the microlevel
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009
Conclusions
- complex systems - systems of systems of systems
- need new multilevel mathematics to integrate
hypernetworks are necessary if not sufficient
- hypernetworks give a theory of aggregation
- mappings aggregate over hypernetworks
- governments think at the macrolevel (it’s easier!)
- agents are needed at the microlevel
- new opportunities for agent based modelling !
AESCS'09 Pacific-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences November 13-14, 2009