agendaapril 22 objective: describe the characteristics of organisms classified within kingdom...
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AGENDAAPRIL 22 OBJECTIVE: Describe the characteristics of organisms classified within Kingdom Fungi.
1. Chapter 20 Protists QUIZ 2. Begin Chapter 21 Fungi 3. HOMEWORK
STUDY YOUR NOTES PAGE 545 Questions 11, 12, 16, 18, 23 Draw and label diagrams 21-1 and 21-2
21-1: Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls
Made of chitin – complex carbChitin also found in exoskeletons of insects
Decomposers - Digest food outside of their bodies and absorb it
Structure and FunctionAll fungi are multicellular
Except for yeast
Composed of thin filaments called hyphaeHyphae divided into cells
One or two nucleiMany nuclei
Structure and Function
Mycelium – thick mass of hyphae tangled together.Large surface to absorb food
Fruiting Body – reproductive structure
growing from myceliumClusters of mushrooms part
of same mycelium/organism
Reproduction
Reproduce asexually Cells or hyphae break off and grow on their ownMitosis
And sexuallyGametes form a diploid zygoteMeiosis
Spread of Fungi
Spores spread by wind Require favorable conditionsChance of germination as low as one in a billion
By animalsSpore containing fluids attract fliesSpores deposited over many miles
21-2 Classification of Fungi Zygomycetes are common molds
grow on breads, meats, cheesesTwo types of hyphae
Rhizoids anchor the mold to a surface.
Stolons run along surface and
contain spores
Reproduce by mitosis and meiosis
YEASTS Unicellular Spores divide rapidly in moist environments
Process called budding.
Baking yeasts belong to genus Sacchromyces “Sugar fungi”
Perform alcoholic fermentation Produce CO2 and Alcohol
Club Fungi
Mushrooms
Mycelia measured to be hundreds of meters Largest organisms
Mushrooms are masses of growing hyphae Some mushrooms are delicacies
Portobello
MANY MUSHROOMS ARE POSIONOUS!!!
NEVER EAT ANY WILD MUSHROOMS = ILLNESS AND DEATH!!!
21-3: Ecology of Fungi
460 million years ago Helped early plants obtain nutrients
Most feed on decaying matter.
Carnivorous fungi exist Pleurotus ostreatus lives on the sides of trees
Small worms/insects exposed to chemicals when trying to feed on fungus
Hyphae grow into their bodies and digest them
21-3: Ecology of Fungi
Decomposers provide nutrients within an ecosystem
Parasitic fungi cause diseases in plants, animals, and humans. Candida albicans
Cordyceps Infects grasshoppers in Costa Rica Digests cells and tissues
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
Lichens and mycorrhizae
Allows plants to absorb more water and nutrients