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Page 1: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening
Page 2: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Agenda

Values in Communication The American Value System Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words Listening Skills from the Textbook Listening Skills from Research Critical Thinking

Page 3: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Values of Communicators

Isolating Values Determining

Values in Others’ Messages

Page 4: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Agenda

Values in Communication The American Value System Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words Listening Skills from the Textbook Listening Skills from Research Critical Thinking

Page 5: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

American ValuesAmerican Values

Meridian House International, 1984

Page 6: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Personal ControlChangeTimeEqualityIndividualismSelf-HelpCompetition

FutureActionInformalityDirectnessPracticalityMaterialism

Page 7: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Mankind Should Control NatureMankind Should Control NatureHumans Can Achieve AnythingHumans Can Achieve AnythingLook Out for Own Self InterestsLook Out for Own Self Interests

Personal ControlPersonal Control

Page 8: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

We Value ChangeWe Value Change

DevelopmentImprovementProgressGrowth

Page 9: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Utmost ImportancePunctualityUse WiselyDelayed Gratification

Time and Its ControlTime and Its Control

Page 10: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Devalue PastDevalue Past Unconscious of Unconscious of

PresentPresent Planning the Planning the

FutureFuture Someday...Someday...

Future-OrientedFuture-Oriented

Page 11: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

““Created Equal”Created Equal” No Deferential No Deferential

TreatmentTreatment

Equality/EgalitarianismEquality/Egalitarianism

Page 12: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

IndividualismIndividualism

Privacy We See

Ourselves as Unique

“Time to Myself”

Page 13: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

AccomplishmentsAccomplishments Self-Made ManSelf-Made Man Born Poor; Made Born Poor; Made

GoodGood

Self Help

Page 14: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Action-OrientedAction-Oriented

Workaholics “Don’t Just

Sit There…” Identify Self

by Profession Value Labor

Page 15: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

InformalInformal Casual with

Authority First Names Shorts “Hi” Familiarity

Page 16: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

CompetitionCompetition

Free EnterpriseFree EnterpriseBe the BestBe the BestProgressProgress

Page 17: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

OpennessOpenness HonestyHonesty AssertivenessAssertiveness

DirectnessDirectness

Page 18: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Practical

Efficient Pragmatic Rational Objective Effective

Page 19: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

MaterialisticWe Own

• VCRs, DVD players, Big screen TVs

• Automobiles• Telephone, Answering Machines,

Pagers, Cell Phones • Personal Computers…

Is this material Enough?Is this material Enough?

Page 20: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Values of Communicators

Isolating Values Determining

Values in Others’ Messages

Page 21: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Methods to Extract ValuesListen for words that openly state valuesListen for negative wordsFind unstated values behind stated beliefsLook for unexpected omissionsLook for connotative languageLook at sources of evidenceNote proportions

Page 22: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Background September 15, 1962 Birmingham, Alabama:

• 4 children killed in Sunday School bombing January 1963:

• Governors Orville Faubus and George Wallace oppose integration of public schools arguing for nullification, interposition, and interdiction

March 1963:• Sheriff Bull Conner turns fire hoses turned on young

people to prevent their registering to vote July 1963:

• FBI spreads rumor of planned riots during the march on Washington planned for August 28, 1963

Page 23: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Values Analysis of the“I Have a Dream” Speechof Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Look for words actually used

Compare to expectations for such a message

Page 24: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Positively Stated Values Negatively Stated Values Total

Freedom , free 22 Not free, oppression 3 25

Brotherhood 7 Exile, discord 7 14

Pursuit of happiness 6 Poverty, default 6 12

Life 1 Physical violence 10 11

Justice 6 Injustice 3 9

Equality 2 Segregation 6 8

Faith, pray, God 7

Page 25: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Agenda

Values in Communication The American Value System Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words Listening Skills from the Textbook Listening Skills from Research Critical Thinking

Page 26: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Text Suggestions Don’t argue prematurely Separate the message from the

speaker Be “opportunistic” Look for key ideas Ask questions Paraphrase Take useful notes

Page 27: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Agenda

Values in Communication The American Value System Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words Listening Skills from the Textbook Listening Skills from Research Critical Thinking

Page 28: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Listening Habits of the Effective and Ineffective

Page 29: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Listening Habits of the Effective and Ineffective

Listening for Mistakes

1. Controlling through feedback

2. Asking why the subject might be valuable

Avoiding Difficult Materials

Watch varieties

Paper and pencil listening

1. Using notes

2. Using different notation methods

Calling the subject boring Delay evaluating subject

Tolerating Distractions Modify the situation

Page 30: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Listening Habits of the Effective and Ineffective

Listening for Mistakes

1. Controlling through feedback

2. Asking why the subject might be valuable

Avoiding Difficult Materials

Watch varieties

Paper and pencil listening

1. Using notes

2. Using different notation methods

Calling the subject boring Delay evaluating subject

Tolerating Distractions Modify the situation

Page 31: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Listening Habits of the Effective and Ineffective

Listening for Mistakes

1. Controlling through feedback

2. Asking why the subject might be valuable

Avoiding Difficult Materials

Watch varieties

Paper and pencil listening

1. Using notes

2. Using different notation methods

Calling the subject boring Delay evaluating subject

Tolerating Distractions Modify the situation

Page 32: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Listening Habits of the Effective and Ineffective

Listening for Mistakes

1. Controlling through feedback

2. Asking why the subject might be valuable

Avoiding Difficult Materials

Watch varieties

Paper and pencil listening

1. Using notes

2. Using different notation methods

Calling the subject boring Delay evaluating subject

Tolerating Distractions Modify the situation

Page 33: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Listening Habits of the Effective and Ineffective

Listening for Mistakes

1. Controlling through feedback

2. Asking why the subject might be valuable

Avoiding Difficult Materials

Watch varieties

Paper and pencil listening

1. Using notes

2. Using different notation methods

Calling the subject boring Delay evaluating subject

Tolerating Distractions Modify the situation

Page 34: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

The ACE Listening Method

Attention

Comprehension

Evaluation

Listen and Take Notes!

Page 35: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Agenda

Values in Communication The American Value System Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words Listening Skills from the Textbook Listening Skills from Research Critical Thinking

Page 36: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Advice from the textbook on critical thinking Listen for information first Evaluate the speaker’s credibility Examine the Speaker’s Evidence and

Reasoning Examine Emotional Appeals

Page 37: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Informal Fallacies

False cause – post hoc ergo propter hoc• Post hoc for short

Bandwagon fallacy – ad populum Either or fallacy Hasty generalization Attacking the person

– ad hominem Red herring Non sequitur

Page 38: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Other Fallacies You Need to Know

Appeal to authority, rather than the authority’s reasons: Ad verecundiam

Begging the Question

Page 39: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

Activity with Fallacies

Page 40: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

X

!

Page 41: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

!

+

Page 42: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

See You Monday

Page 43: Agenda w Values in Communication w The American Value System w Detecting Values from Speakers’ Words w Listening Skills from the Textbook w Listening

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