agenda: social cognitive theory quiz review assignment scores sean – overview, knowledge,...
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Agenda: Social Cognitive Theory• Quiz• Review Assignment Scores• Sean
– Overview, Knowledge, Self-Efficacy• Erica
– Self-Efficacy (NCI Schwarzer & Laszczynska)• Gerald
– PBC (NCI Thompson & Schlehofer)• McKenna
– Goal formation, sociostructural influences, triadic reciprocal causation
• Kate– SCT Implementation Plan
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Knowledge• According to Bandura, knowledge is a precondition
for behavior change, a “gateway” for it
“Knowledge is a necessary, but not sufficient,
basis for behavior change” • Content knowledge involves understanding the
advantages and drawbacks of a health behavior– C.f., Consequences, costs and benefits
• Procedural knowledge involves understanding how to engage in a given health behavior - skills– C.f., A precursor to self-efficacy– Knowing how to do something & doing it are different
Self-Efficacy• Perceived self-efficacy is a person’s perception of his or her
ability to perform a specific behavior– Self efficacy is task-specific, someone’s self-efficacy may be strong
for one task but weak for another
• Low self-efficacy generates fleeting or no efforts to perform a behavior.
• On the other hand, resilient self-efficacy leads to perseverance even when conditions are not ideal
• Behavioral capacity is the actual ability or skill a person has to perform a given behavior, it can include whether the environment provides opportunity for the behavior– Interventions should increase both behavioral capacity & self-efficacy– Textbook implies that behavioral capacity comes after self-efficacy in
the causal chain – others equate behavioral capacity with skills, which come before self-efficacy
Motivation• Level of motivation a person has towards adopting a
health-protective behavior– Motivation = outcome expectancies + self-efficacy
– C.f., Intentions• It involves answering two questions:
– 1. Will adopting the health-protective behavior reliably lead to a valued outcome?
– 2. Can I realistically perform the necessary behavior?
• Bandura does not consider social normative beliefs even though social learning is occurring!
Socio-structural Factors
• Goal attainment – through motivated behavior (positive outcome
expectancies + perceived self-efficacy)
• is a function of the supporting and impeding factors in the environment– The world we live in enables and limits our ability
to effectively engage in goal-directed behavior– C.f., perceived behavioral control in TPB
Questions about Bandura’s SCT• Bandura fails to mention that outcomes people
expect (expectations) are derived from _______?
• He sees expectancies as outcomes of self-efficacy– Are they outcomes, predictors, neither or both?
• “Perceived severity and susceptibility in the HBM are _______?
• “Attitudes” in TRA/TPB are expectations– True or false? Why?
• SE and outcome expectations are the focus in SCT– What factor is missing?
• Goals as intentions– Are goals predictors, outcomes, neither or both?
Bandura, 2004: Primacy of SEYou can see why Bandura and
Fishbein could never quite agree!
Intentions
Attitudes
Social Influences SNB ??
White et al (2012) model
Anderson et al (2010) ModelMain mediation pathways Self-regulation, as measured,
was the behavioral outcome.
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GOALS/MOTIVATION
SOCIAL SITUATION
BIOLOGY/PERSONALITY
SCT aligned with the TTI
ATTITUDESTOWARD THE
BEHAVIOR
SOCIALNORMATIVE
BELIEFS
Trial Behavior
EXPERIENCES: Expectancies -- Social Reinforcements -- Psychological/Physiological
SELF-EFFICACYBEHAVIORAL
CONTROL
Nurture/CulturalBiological/NatureIntrapersonal Stream Social/Normative Stream Cultural/Attitudinal Stream
Values/Evaluations
Knowledge/Expectancies
PerceivedNorms
Information/Opportunities
InterpersonalBonding
SocialCompetence
Interactions w/Social Instit’s
Others’Beh & Atts
Motivationto Comply
Skills:Social+General
Sense ofSelf/Control
SelfDetermination
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7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18
l
4 5 6
19 20 21
22
23
DistalInfluences
ProximalPredictors
Levels ofCausation
UltimateCauses
Social/Personal Nexus
Expectancies & Evaluations
Affect andCognitions
Decisions
Experiences
a
b c d e
f
g h i
jk m n
o
p q r
s
t u v w
x
Related BehaviorsJ
K
CF
IB E HA D G
CULTURALENVIRONMENT
Why not Norms??
Socio-structural factors = behavioral control, and are influenced by self-efficacy - really?
Expectancies
Role Models
Total Reciprocal Determinism -3 self-regulatory feedback loops
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DECISIONS/INTENTIONS
SOCIAL SITUATION
BIOLOGY/PERSONALITY
TRIADIC CAUSATION AND THE TTI
ATTITUDESTOWARD THE
BEHAVIOR
SOCIALNORMATIVE
BELIEFS
Trial Behavior
EXPERIENCES: Expectancies -- Social Reinforcements -- Psychological/Physiological
SELF-EFFICACYBEHAVIORAL
CONTROL
Nurture/CulturalBiological/NatureIntrapersonal Stream Social/Normative Stream Cultural/Attitudinal Stream
Values/Evaluations
Knowledge/Expectancies
PerceivedNorms
Information/Opportunities
InterpersonalBonding
SocialCompetence
Interactions w/Social Instit’s
Others’Beh & Atts
Motivationto Comply
Skills:Social+General
Sense ofSelf/Control
SelfDetermination
1 2 3
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18
l
4 5 6
19 20 21
22
23
DistalInfluences
ProximalPredictors
Levels ofCausation
UltimateCauses
Social/Personal Nexus
Expectancies & Evaluations
Affect andCognitions
Decisions
Experiences
a
b c d e
f
g h i
jk m n
o
p q r
s
t u v w
x
Related BehaviorsJ
K
CF
IB E HA D G
CULTURALENVIRONMENT
What’s wrong with this?
Skills and environmental constraints should precede self-efficacy.What’s the difference between “Attitudes toward targets”
In column 1 and “Attitude” in column 3?
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GOALS/MOTIVATION
SOCIAL SITUATION
BIOLOGY/PERSONALITY
SCT aligned with the TTI
ATTITUDESTOWARD THE
BEHAVIOR
SOCIALNORMATIVE
BELIEFS
Trial Behavior
EXPERIENCES: Expectancies -- Social Reinforcements -- Psychological/Physiological
SELF-EFFICACYBEHAVIORAL
CONTROL
Nurture/CulturalBiological/NatureIntrapersonal Stream Social/Normative Stream Cultural/Attitudinal Stream
Values/Evaluations
Knowledge/Expectancies
PerceivedNorms
Information/Opportunities
InterpersonalBonding
SocialCompetence
Interactions w/Social Instit’s
Others’Beh & Atts
Motivationto Comply
Skills:Social+General
Sense ofSelf/Control
SelfDetermination
1 2 3
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18
l
4 5 6
19 20 21
22
23
DistalInfluences
ProximalPredictors
Levels ofCausation
UltimateCauses
Social/Personal Nexus
Expectancies & Evaluations
Affect andCognitions
Decisions
Experiences
a
b c d e
f
g h i
jk m n
o
p q r
s
t u v w
x
Related BehaviorsJ
K
CF
IB E HA D G
CULTURALENVIRONMENT
Why not Norms??
Socio-structural factors = behavioral control, and are influenced by self-efficacy - really?
Expectancies
Role Models