agenda review em radiation how far away are stars? what can starlight tell us?
TRANSCRIPT
Absorption and emission
U. Tennessee
Blackbody spectrum
Emission spectrum(glowing material)
Absorption spectrum
What if all stars had the same luminosity?
• Luminosity means total power output as light.
• Determining their distance from us would be easy if they all were the same luminosity!
Stars aren’t all 25 Watt bulbs!
A star’s distance can be determined: If we know how luminous it really is Compared to how bright it looks to us
Apparent Magnitude scale
Classifies objects by how bright they appear in the sky
Larger number means less bright 1 magnitude = difference in brightness
by a factor of 2.5
Apparent Magnitude scale
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25
SunNaked eye
Polaris
Faintest objectWith binoculars
Venus
Sirius
Full moon
Faintest object4 m telescope
Absolute magnitude
Luminosity = how much light a star is giving off (like wattage for light bulbs) Compared to the Sun (Lsun)
Absolute magnitude = how bright (what magnitude) a star would appear at 10 parsecs (32.6 light years)
Example: Antares versus Sirius
Apparent magnitudes: Antares -4, Sirius -1.5
Absolute magnitudes: Antares +2, Sirius +1.4
Which appears brighter in the sky?A. AntaresB. SiriusC. sameD. Cannot conclude
Example: Antares versus Sirius
Apparent magnitudes: Antares -4, Sirius -1.5
Absolute magnitudes: Antares +2, Sirius +1.4
Which is more luminous?A. AntaresB. SiriusC. sameD. Cannot conclude
Compare absolute and apparent magnitudes
• If we know the luminosity (or absolute magnitude) of a star, we can find its distance.
• A star of known luminosity is called a standard candle.
• More on this later...
What makes parallax measurement difficult?
A. It’s hard to read your protractor when it is dark outside.
B. The parallax angle is very small because the stars are so far away.
C. We can’t see any of the same stars six months apart.
D. It actually is not difficult!
Parsec (a unit of distance)
If p = 1 arcsecond
1 AU
This distance is 1 parsec (3.26 light years)
1 arcsecond = 1/60 arcminute = 1/3600 degree
Unfortunately, there are no stars this close to us.
Limits with this method
p
KnownDistance(1 AU)
Beyond 300 light years, p is too small for us to measure.(Our galaxy is about 100,000 light years across)
Sun
Earth
Some star
Unknown distance
Exam one is Tuesday at 6 pm
Tuesday – optional review during class Individual portion
Multiple choice 2 essay questions
Group portion Multiple choice
Grab a review sheet! Challenge: write one exam question
(multiple choice), and email it to me!
Part I: Do NOT place any measuring device beyond the line!! You must estimate the angles!
Part II: You may want to go into the hallway.
Grab your graded activities on the way out!