Agenda November 14 and 15• Absolute – Develop an understanding of the evolution of

thought from Absolute Monarchy to the Enlightenment• Agenda

▫ Review – What we learned before Break▫ Lecture – Absolute Monarchy to Enlightenment▫ Exercise and Reading – Enlightened Thinking

• HW – Complete chart of enlightenment philosophers for Wednesday/Thursday

•Journal - What is one thing you want to share about your break with the class

Enlightenment Philosophers

Today’s Activities1. Warm-up followed by informal discussion2. “What do you know?” whole class activity3. Philosophy definition and key

Enlightenment points (notes to be taken)4. Small group discussions and questions5. Philosopher Chart – Basic Ideas of the 5

Enlightenment Philosophers

What do you know:Enlightenment (a.k.a “Age of Reason”)

Enlightenment

•1300-1600 – Renaissance▫Known for tremendous change in thought▫Driven by ???

•What comes next▫Based on the ideas from the time period,

there will be a variety of revolutions that emerge in European society

▫These revolutions combine to create “the enlightenment”

Scientific Revolution

•As ideas of the Renaissance spread, basic assumptions about the world from the Medieval period began to be challenged

•Some of these ideas about the natural world had been established by the church and never tested

•Some of what drove the new ideas and research was the discovery of new peoples and lands in Africa and the “new world” of the America’s

Groups of 6, number off 1-6• 1’s and 4’s – The New Model of the Universe

▫ Read pages 624-625 What is heliocentric mean What is the new theory about the universe in 3-4

sentences• 2’s and 5’s – The Scientific Method

▫ Read Pages625-626 Define the Scientific method Write 3-4 sentences about how it changed science

• 3’s and 6’s – Newton and Gravity▫ Read page 626-627

What is the law of universal gravitation What did Newton discover and why is it important in 3-4

sentences

Share as a group

•Go over what each partnership learned

What we know

•The Universe

•Scientific Method

•Newton

Important Definitions• Philosophy: “the rational investigation of

the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct.” (www.dictionary.com)

• Commonwealth: working together for the common good rather than individually for their own private good

• State of Nature = the state of mankind before civilization and government; the absence of government

• Sovereign: supreme power or ruler

Essential Questions of Enlightenment Philosophy (political questions)

•What is the nature of man?•By what rights do governments rule?•What form of rule is the best? In other

words, what is the role of government?

Group exerciseImagine you belonged to a society that was

establishing a government. Answer the following questions first under the assumption that you want a focus on community security. Then answer them under the assumption that you want a focus on individual rights. You can set this up in a grid format:

1.What beliefs would you have about the nature of mankind?

2.What type of ruler would you favor?3.How much power would you give your

government?4.What type of limits would you put on your

government?

The Old Way of Thinking:Divine Right of Kings•A king’s right to rule his people comes

directly from God•Societies should have a rigid social

hierarchy•Ordinary people should look for their

ultimate reward in heaven not in life on earth

•Religion provides the answers to all of life’s questions

The New Way of Thinking:The Enlightenment•Governments derive their right to govern

through the consent of the people they govern

•Rank in society should be based on merit•Material well-being, social justice and

worldly happiness should be possible for everyone

•Science provides the answers to life’s questions

Reading

•Read chapter 22 Section 2 pages 629-635•Start trying to fill in your chart on Locke

and Hobbes•Then I’ll add some ideas to your thoughts•Finally, you’ll have time to review and fill

in on the rest of the philosophers•Working on the netbooks will be allowed

for specific research

Locke and HobbesLocke• Humans are reasonable and

learn from experience to improve

• Natural ability to govern themselves and keep order

• Self-government• People born free with natural

rights of life, liberty, and property

• Government’s only job is to protect rights. If they don’t the government can be overthrown.

Hobbes

• Humans are naturally selfish and bad

• Give up rights to a strong ruler to gain law and order

• Absolute monarchy• Government can force

obedience to maintain order