Agenda – 12/7

• Nine more days!

• The Magna Carta, the 100 Years’ War, The Black Plague!

• EXTRA CREDIT: DISCONNECT DECEMBER – MONDAY AND TUESDAY!!!!

• HW: ch 6 notes, map – both DUE THURSDAY

Warm up

• In your notes, make a Medieval Europe timeline, from 476-1400. • Add in what you know! Take five minutes. Work with a

partner!

IMPORTANT POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT:

THE MAGNA CARTAKings had too much power.

And not all kings were good. So the English nobility did something about it.

WHAT DID IT DO?

WHAT DID IT DO?

• Created a limited government in England by creating Parliament, which limits the King’s power• Consisted of 37 laws intended to weaken the

King’s power by giving nobles more power

• The Magna Carta became the basis for English citizens’ rights• And, ya know, the Declaration of Independence

HUNDRED YEARS’ WAREngland v. France

Let’s play “Who’s the rightful heir?”

1337-1453

OVER TIME, ENGLAND STARTED TAKING OVER FRENCH LANDS

• England claims they have the right to do so

• France begins to fight back

• The Hundred Years’ War begins with the French attacking Gascony in 1337

BACKGROUND INFO

• France has about 15 million citizens• Remember – descendants of the Franks –

the most powerful kingdom in the Early Middle Ages

• England has about 4 million citizens

“YOU’RE NOT A DUMDUM” BONUS QUESTIONS!

•Who began uniting Germanic Kingdoms on behalf of the Franks?

Hint: it’s me!

CLOVIS

“YOU’RE NOT A DUMDUM” BONUS QUESTIONS!

•Who began the Carolingian Empire?

CHARLES MARTEL

“YOU’RE NOT A DUMDUM” BONUS QUESTIONS!

•What else is Charles Martel (aka, Charles the Hammer) famous for?

Hint: it has something to do

with this!

WINNING THE BATTLE OF TOURS

“YOU’RE NOT A DUMDUM” BONUS QUESTIONS!

• Although Charlemagne united most of Western Europe for a short time, his Holy Roman Empire falls apart (kind of – and is kind of that way for 1000 years) when he dies. Why?

Hint: it has something to do

with this!

Sons that don’t want to rule!

“YOU’RE NOT A DUMDUM” BONUS QUESTIONS!

• Charlemagne did care about education though! He encouraged people to learn science and math, alongside religious studies. Over time, people started writing some things down in languages other than Latin. What’s the word for this?

Like me! I wrote this!

VERNACULAR!

BACK TO THE 100 YEARS’ WAR:

• Battle of Crecy, 1346• Edward III landed in Normandy

• English destroyed the French army

• Battle of Poitiers, 1356• Edward IV (aka, The Black Prince) captures

King John II of France

• France plunges into chaos

• Battle of Agincourt, 1415• Shows the supremacy of English longbow

• Versus French crossbows

• Huge win for England

England continued to win battles against France for the first 70 years

KEY BATTLES

• Siege of Orleans, 1428-1429• Turning point of the Hundred Years' War

• Joan of Arc attacks the English in unison with a force from Orleans; the English flee

• Battle of Castillon, 1453• French use canons to defeat the English

• France officially retains its lands – and push the English back to their island

OUTCOME OF THE WAR

• England and France developed their own unique identities –uniquely English and uniquely French• This leads to a rise

in nationalism and an increase in unification… all over Europe

Europe by the 1300s…

Early Middle Ages – Small Villages

• Originally, agricultural surplus not enough to support large cities • Why?

• Then, agricultural advancements!• Three-field system

• Fertilizer

• Watermills• All of which contributed

to…

REVIVAL OF TOWNS AND TRADE

• Urbanization• Increase in

food production = larger population

• Movement to cities to find work

Growth in trade

• Hanseatic League• League of trading cities in Northern Europe

• Made war on opponents, concluded treaties

INTERRUPTION TO EUROPE’S REVIVAL:THE BLACK PLAGUE

• 1346, Black Plague (aka “Black Death” “Bubonic Plague”) hit Europe• Originated in China moved via trade routes to Europe

• Mongols practiced biological warfare

• 1347 – 1352 (25 million people die in 5 YEARS)

INTERRUPTION TO THE CRUSADES:THE BLACK PLAGUE

• 1347, Black Plague (aka “Black Death” “Bubonic Plague”) hit Europe• Originated in Asia, moved via trade routes to

Europe

• Mongols practiced biological warfare

• 1347 – 1352 (25 million Europeans die in 5 YEARS)

In 1347, a trade ship arrived in Italy carrying

plague-infested rats

The plague swept quickly throughout Europe along

trade routes

BLACK PLAGUE

•Presumed causes…• The water?

• Stop bathing!

• Cats?• Poor London…

• Sin! God’s punishment?• Flagellants and torture

• The Jews became the scapegoat

“Golden Circle” obligatory badge

THE CULPRITS

Bulbous

Septicemia Form:almost 100%

mortality rate.

THE SYMPTOMS

THE EFFECTS

• The patient gets painful swellings in the lymph nodes (beginning in groin and armpits) which ooze blood and pus

• These turn black, and eventually the body is covered in black spots

• Die 7-10 days later

• Accompanied by vomiting, fever, nausea, headache, joint ache

DEATH TRIUMPHANT!

EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE

• Plague killed between 1/3 and 2/3 of Europe’s population

• What types of people were mainly affected?• Who wasn’t?

EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE

•What is a severe shortage of peasants going to lead to?

•A severe shortage of people who work for the church?

EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE

• FREEDOM TO PEASANTS!

• Fewer people to work peasants can demand more rights

• Collapse of manor system and serfdom – peasants move to take jobs in towns (especially in France, England, and Italy)

• Peasant revolts become very common

EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE

• Clergy (priests, nuns, monks) were burying the dead, they usually got sick and died-there were few church people left• People lose faith in the church, and its power

weakens

• Minorities are persecuted/blamed for the disease

MEDIEVAL PLAGUE DOCTORS

Plague video

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJfVmGQNM5Y&feature=youtu.be