AGENDA3.4.10

QUIZ…

1. Define imperialism.2. List the 4 major motives for European imperialism.3. List one Southeast Asian colony ruled by the

British.4. Define protectorate5. Who led the Filipino fight for independence?6. Was the Filipino fight for independence

successful?7. What is the difference between indirect and direct

control over colonies?8. List one negative impact of colonization on the

peoples of SE Asia.9. List one positive impact of colonization on the

peoples of SE Asia.10. T or F – early resistance movements in colonized

nations were largely successful

QUIZ ANSWERS…1. The extension of a country’s power over other lands.2. Economic motives, competition, desire to spread

Christianity and racism/Social Darwinism3. Singapore and Burma4. A political unit that depends on another government

for its protection.5. Emilio Aguinaldo6. No7. Indirect = colonized peoples ruled on behalf of the

colonizing countryDirect = local rulers were replaced by Western rulersList one negative impact of colonization on the peoples of SE Asia.

8. List one positive impact of colonization on the peoples of SE Asia.

9. T or F – early resistance movements in colonized nations were largely successful

THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM1850 – 1914Imperialists Divide Africa

AFRICA BEFORE IMPERIALISM

Before European colonization, Africa was divided into 100s of ethnic groups and languages

Many people in pre-colonial Africa practiced traditional religions (NOT one of the major world religions)

Powerful African armies, rough terrain and African-controlled trade networks prevented any European domination. Until…

CHOKWE ART – IVORY MASKS

NATIONS COMPETE FOR OVERSEAS EMPIRES

The Congo Sparks Interest – Scottish minister, David Livingstone

(1860s), went to the Congo looking for the mouth of the Nile

Livingstone stayed in the Congo and a guy named Stanley found him in 1871.

Stanley then got the Africans to sign treaties with the Europeans and gave the Congo River Valley to King Leopold II of Belgium

HYPOCRITICAL LEOPOLD Leopold said his main motivation for

colonizing the Congo was to stop the slave trade

Then Leopold licensed companies that exploited the Africans (what?)

Eventually the Congo was ruled by the whole Belgium government, and other European countries got jealous

Native laborers who failed to meet rubber collection quotas were often punished by having their hands cut off

Isn’t the white man awesome?

HYPOCRISY IN THE COLONIES

King Leopold II – his companies forced Africans to complete Forced labor High taxes Forced collection of

sap from rubber plants

MOTIVES DRIVING IMPERIALISM Economic – Industrial revolution.

Countries want more markets and more resources

Political – Countries had a strong sense of national pride

Social - Social Darwinism – “The survival of the fittest” – those who are wealthy and successful = more “fit” than others

Imperialism = the takeover of one country to dominate the economic, political and social life of that nation

CECIL RHODES

Thought Anglo-Saxons were the superior race

Made a butt ton of$$$$ by exploitingAfrican resources

FORCES ENABLING IMPERIALISM Europeans had a lot of advantages

Better technology – guns etc.Means to control an empire; railroads,

cables, steamers allowed close communication within a colony, and between the colony and the imperializing nation

Europeans were susceptible to malaria, but soon discovered a drug to cure it (quinine)

The varying languages and cultures in Africa caused the Africans to lack the unity and organization. Plus, they didn’t have good weapons

AFRICAN LANDS BECOME EUROPEAN COLONIES

Once the Europeans discovered gold in 1867 (in Sudan), and in 1886 (South Africa), the scramble for Africa began

Berlin Conference14 European nations met at the Berlin

conference in 1884-1885Agreed that any European nation could

claim land in Africa by notifying other nations of the claims and showing control over the area

RESULTS OF THE BERLIN CONFERENCE

Africa was literally divided up into European colonies

By 1914, Ethiopia and Liberia were the only two African territories free from European control.

DRAMA IN SOUTH AFRICA - ZULU WARRIORS

When the Zulu warriors were led by a guy named Shaka, they successfully fended the Europeans off

Shaka’s successors unable to defend themselves against superior British armies

THREE GROUPS CLASH

Africans, Dutch and British all crashed over African resources

Major fights = Zulu versus the British Boers (Dutch settlers) vs. the British Many Boers were forced to move north

in the “Great Trek” to avoid the British Once they got north, the Boers started

fighting with the Zulu and other Africans

THE BOER WAR

Between the Dutch and the British First modern “total war” with

commando raids and guerrilla warfare tactics. The British burned down Boer farms and imprisoned women and children in concentration camps

Britain won – 1902 the Boer territories were all ceded to the British

BOER WOMEN AND CHILDREN AT A CONCENTRATION CAMP