Agenda: 11/14• Purpose: To prepare for the UNCC field trip• Tools of Genetics: Restriction Enzymes, Recombinant

DNA (Genetic Engineering) and Bioinformatics

• Warm-up: Revise DNA worksheet with team partners• Restriction Enzymes:

• DNA Scissors Cornell notes & complete exercise• Video clip - Enzymes (Shape & function)

• The New Genetics: Tools of Genetics• Recombinant DNA (Genetic Engineering)

• What, why, how

Homework:

UNCC Field Trip• To learn about research being conducted at UNCC, which

incorporate biotechnology techniques

• Leave 8:45 am• Bioinformatics and Genetics 9:30 to 10:45

• Biology and Biotechnology 11:00 to 12:15• Lunch or snack at the Student Union?? If time

DNA • With your table partners, determine the best answers for

the DNA questions.

• As a class, we will review any unresolved answers. • DNA Replication Process – YouTube

DNA replication• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqESR7E4b_8&feature

=related• DNA packaging - chromosomes

• DNA Replication – YouTube

• DNA replication (7 min)• dna replication - YouTube

DNA Scissors• To apply the cutting of restriction enzymes• To learn the scientific terms associated with restriction

enzymes• You will identify the important terms and provide an explanation

based on the article (including the questions in the exercises)• at least 6

• Complete Exercise 1:• Carefully read and follow the directions

How the restriction enzymes interact with the DNA• Structure (shape) and function

• Restriction Enzymes Videos, NEB

• http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/course_support_video.asp

RECOMBINANT DNA =GENETIC ENGINEERINGIntroduction

Tools of Genetics: Recombinant DNA and Cloning• Read pp. 38 & 39: The New Genetics• Summarize:

• How do scientists move genes from one organism to another? • Explain the role of restriction enzymes• Explain how the DNA fragments are combined• Explain the role of cloning in the making of insulin

Recombinant DNA (rDNA)• Method to create a new DNA molecule by piecing

together different DNA molecules

• When cells accept the rDNA, they will “express” the new genes by making the new proteins• Cells are “genetically engineered”

DNA • With your table partners, determine the best answers for

the DNA questions.

• As a class, we will review any unresolved answers.

DNA Scissors• To apply the cutting of restriction enzymes• To learn the scientific terms associated with restriction

enzymes• You will identify the important terms and provide an explanation

based on the article (including the questions in the exercises)• at least 6

• Complete Exercise 1:• Carefully read and follow the directions

How the restriction enzymes interact with the DNA• Structure (shape) and function

• Restriction Enzymes Videos, NEB

• http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/course_support_video.asp

Introduction• HHMI's BioInteractive - Genetic engineering

Genetically engineered products- using recombinant DNA (rDNA)Why? Products in the body are either:

(1) Made in too small quantities

(2) Made at the wrong time

(3) Lack an important characteristic

(4) Can be made in greater quantity for medical use

Uses rDNA – proteins made by body in small quantities

• Insulin (first rDNA product; 1982)• Growth hormone

• Children with insufficient growth hormone or poor kidney function

• Blood clot prevention (plasminogen activator)• Larger quantities used to prevent heart attacks or strokes

• Blood clotting factor – for hemophilia• Gamma interferon – fight cancer growth

Genetic Engineering –Recombinant DNA How?• Identify a molecule produced by a living organism

• Isolate the instructions (DNA sequence = gene)

• Put the instructions into another cell or organism

• Allow the cell to replicate • Harvest the desired product

What do we need to learn about to understand how recombinant DNA products? • Genes and proteins• Bacteria • Copying cells - Mitosis• How are enough protein is made? PCR

The Vector (E. coli bacteria).

Chromosome & Plasmid

BIOINFORMATICSThe use of Computer Computation to Analyze DNA Sequences

Bioinformatics• Definition: • The application of computer science and information

technology to biology and medicine.

• Why is bioinformatics important?

Reading & Cornell Notes• The New Genetics: • Pp. 86-87

• Biological Databases• Flybase.org• FlyBase Homepage• GenBank • GenBank Sample Record

A perspective of data bases• Dr. Lander – on the Genome Project (s)• HHMI's BioInteractive - Interview with Dr. Eric Lander

DNA Barcoding• An application of Bioinformatics

• http://www.nwabr.org/sites/default/files/learn/bioinformatics/iTEST_DNAbarcoding.swf

• http://www.nwabr.org/sites/default/files/learn/bioinformatics/iTEST_DNAbarcoding.swf

Reference …TTCACCAACATGCCCACA… F T N M P T Patient …TTCACCAACAGGCCCACA…

F T N R P T

…TTCACCAACAGGCCCACA…

Extract DNA from Cells

Sequence DNA

Compare Patient DNA Sequence to

Reference Sequence

Search Database to Determine if Patient

Mutation is Associated with Disease

Patient Sample: Blood or Saliva

Inside the Gene Machine:How Information from DNA is Acquired and Used for Genetic Testing

Genetic Counselors work with patients to help them decide whether or not to have a genetic test, and help them understand the results of the test.

Lab Technicians work with patient samples in the lab, purifying and sequencing the DNA.

Computational Biologists create computer programs to help biologists analyze data.

Biomedical Researchers perform experiments with patient samples to find different variations of genes that might cause disease,

Medical Doctors and Veterinarians use the knowledge gained from genetic testing to care for their patients.

The BRCA1 GeneATGGATTTATCTGCTCTTCGCGTTGAAGAAGTACAAAATGTCATTAATGCTATGCAGAAAATCTTAGAGTGTCCCATCTGTCTGGAGTTGATCAAGGAACCTGTCTCCACAAAGTGTGACCACATATTTTGCAAATTTTGCATGCTGAAACTTCTCAACCAGAAGAAAGGGCCTTCACAGTGTCCTTTATGTAAGAATGATATAACCAAAAGGAGCCTACAAGAAAGTACGAGATTTAGTCAACTTGTTGAAGAGCTATTGAAAATCATTTGTGCTTTTCAGCTTGACACAGGTTTGGAGTATGCAAACAGCTATAATTTTGCAAAAAAGGAAAATAACTCTCCTGAACATCTAAAAGATGAAGTTTCTATCATCCAAAGTATGGGCTACAGAAACCGTGCCAAAAGACTTCTACAGAGTGAACCCGAAAATCCTTCCTTGCAGGAAACCAGTCTCAGTGTCCAACTCTCTAACCTTGGAACTGTGAGAACTCTGAGGACAAAGCAGCGGATACAACCTCAAAAGACGTCTGTCTACATTGAATTGGGATCTGATTCTTCTGAAGATACCGTTAATAAGGCAACTTATTGCAGTGTGGGAGATCAAGAATTGTTACAAATCACCCCTCAAGGAACCAGGGATGAAATCAGTTTGGATTCTGCAAAAAAGGCTGCTTGTGAATTTTCTGAGACGGATGTAACAAATACTGAACATCATCAACCCAGTAATAATGATTTGAACACCACTGAGAAGCGTGCAGCTGAGAGGCATCCAGAAAAGTATCAGGGTAGTTCTGTTTCAAACTTGCATGTGGAGCCATGTGGCACAAATACTCATGCCAGCTCATTACAGCATGAGAACAGCAGTTTATTACTCACTAAAGACAGAATGAATGTAGAAAAGGCTGAATTCTGTAATAAAAGCAAACAGCCTGGCTTAGCAAGGAGCCAACATAACAGATGGGCTGGAAGTAAGGAAACATGTAATGATAGGCGGACTCCCAGCACAGAAAAAAAGGTAGATCTGAATGCTGATCCCCTGTGTGAGAGAAAAGAATGGAATAAGCAGAAACTGCCATGCTCAGAGAATCCTAGAGATACTGAAGATGTTCCTTGGATAACACTAAATAGCAGCATTCAGAAAGTTAATGAGTGGTTTTCCAGAAGTGATGAACTGTTAGGTTCTGATGACTCACATGATGGGGAGTCTGAATCAAATGCCAAAGTAGCTGATGTATTGGACGTTCTAAATGAGGTAGATGAATATTCTGGTTCTTCAGAGAAAATAGACTTACTGGCCAGTGATCCTCATGAGGCTTTAATATGTAAAAGTGAAAGAGTTCACTCCAAATCAGTAGAGAGTAATATTGAAGACAAAATATTTGGGAAAACCTATCGGAAGAAGGCAAGCCTCCCCAACTTAAGCCATGTAACTGAAAATCTAATTATAGGAGCATTTGTTACTGAGCCACAGATAATACAAGAGCGTCCCCTCACAAATAAATTAAAGCGTAAAAGGAGACCTACATCAGGCCTTCATCCTGAGGATTTTATCAAGAAAGCAGATTTGGCAGTTCAAAAGACTCCTGAAATGATAAATCAGGGAACTAACCAAACGGAGCAGAATGGTCAAGTGATGAATATTACTAATAGTGGTCATGAGAATAAAACAAAAGGTGATTCTATTCAGAATGAGAAAAATCCTAACCCAATAGAATCACTCGAAAAAGAATCTGCTTTCAAAACGAAAGCTGAACCTATAAGCAGCAGTATAAGCAATATGGAACTCGAATTAAATATCCACAATTCAAAAGCACCTAAAAAGAATAGGCTGAGGAGGAAGTCTTCTACCAGGCATATTCATGCGCTTGAACTAGTAGTCAGTAGAAATCTAAGCCCACCTAATTGTACTGAATTGCAAATTGATAGTTGTTCTAGCAGTGAAGAGATAAAGAAAAAAAAGTACAACCAAATGCCAGTCAGGCACAGCAGAAACCTACAACTCATGGAAGGTAAAGAACCTGCAACTGGAGCCAAGAAGAGTAACAAGCCAAATGAACAGACAAGTAAAAGACATGACAGCGATACTTTCCCAGAGCTGAAGTTAACAAATGCACCTGGTTCTTTTACTAAGTGTTCAAATACCAGTGAACTTAAAGAATTTGTCAATCCTAGCCTTCCAAGAGAAGAAAAAGAAGAGAAACTAGAAACAGTTAAAGTGTCTAATAATGCTGAAGACCCCAAAGATCTCATGTTAAGTGGAGAAAGGGTTTTGCAAACTGAAAGATCTGTAGAGAGTAGCAGTATTTCATTGGTACCTGGTACTGATTATGGCACTCAGGAAAGTATCTCGTTACTGGAAGTTAGCACTCTAGGGAAGGCAAAAACAGAACCAAATAAATGTGTGAGTCAGTGTGCAGCATTTGAAAACCCCAAGGGACTAATTCATGGTTGTTCCAAAGATAATAGAAATGACACAGAAGGCTTTAAGTATCCATTGGGACATGAAGTTAACCACAGTCGGGAAACAAGCATAGAAATGGAAGAAAGTGAACTTGATGCTCAGTATTTGCAGAATACATTCAAGGTTTCAAAGCGCCAGTCATTTGCTCCGTTTTCAAATCCAGGAAATGCAGAAGAGGAATGTGCAACATTCTCTGCCCACTCTGGGTCCTTAAAGAAACAAAGTCCAAAAGTCACTTTTGAATGTGAACAAAAGGAAGAAAATCAAGGAAAGAATGAGTCTAATATCAAGCCTGTACAGACAGTTAATATCACTGCAGGCTTTCCTGTGGTTGGTCAGAAAGATAAGCCAGTTGATAATGCCAAATGTAGTATCAAAGGAGGCTCTAGGTTTTGTCTATCATCTCAGTTCAGAGGCAACGAAACTGGACTCATTACTCCAAATAAACATGGACTTTTACAAAACCCATATCGTATACCACCACTTTTTCCCATCAAGTCATTTGTTAAAACTAAATGTAAGAAAAATCTGCTAGAGGAAAACTTTGAGGAACATTCAATGTCACCTGAAAGAGAAATGGGAAATGAGAACATTCCAAGTACAGTGAGCACAATTAGCCGTAATAACATTAGAGAAAATGTTTTTAAAGAAGCCAGCTCAAGCAATATTAATGAAGTAGGTTCCAGTACTAATGAAGTGGGCTCCAGTATTAATGAAATAGGTTCCAGTGATGAAAACATTCAAGCAGAACTAGGTAGAAACAGAGGGCCAAAATTGAATGCTATGCTTAGATTAGGGGTTTTGCAACCTGAGGTCTATAAACAAAGTCTTCCTGGAAGTAATTGTAAGCATCCTGAAATAAAAAAGCAAGAATATGAAGAAGTAGTTCAGACTGTTAATACAGATTTCTCTCCATATCTGATTTCAGATAACTTAGAACAGCCTATGGGAAGTAGTCATGCATCTCAGGTTTGTTCTGAGACACCTGATGACCTGTTAGATGATGGTGAAATAAAGGAAGATACTAGTTTTGCTGAAAATGACATTAAGGAAAGTTCTGCTGTTTTTAGCAAAAGCGTCCAGAAAGGAGAGCTTAGCAGGAGTCCTAGCCCTTTCACCCATACACATTTGGCTCAGGGTTACCGAAGAGGGGCCAAGAAATTAGAGTCCTCAGAAGAGAACTTATCTAGTGAGGATGAAGAGCTTCCCTGCTTCCAACACTTGTTATTTGGTAAAGTAAACAATATACCTTCTCAGTCTACTAGGCATAGCACCGTTGCTACCGAGTGTCTGTCTAAGAACACAGAGGAGAATTTATTATCATTGAAGAATAGCTTAAATGACTGCAGTAACCAGGTAATATTGGCAAAGGCATCTCAGGAACATCACCTTAGTGAGGAAACAAAATGTTCTGCTAGCTTGTTTTCTTCACAGTGCAGTGAATTGGAAGACTTGACTGCAAATACAAACACCCAGGATCCTTTCTTGATTGGTTCTTCCAAACAAATGAGGCATCAGTCTGAAAGCCAGGGAGTTGGTCTGAGTGACAAGGAATTGGTTTCAGATGATGAAGAAAGAGGAACGGGCTTGGAAGAAAATAATCAAGAAGAGCAAAGCATGGATTCAAACTTAGGTGAAGCAGCATCTGGGTGTGAGAGTGAAACAAGCGTCTCTGAAGACTGCTCAGGGCTATCCTCTCAGAGTGACATTTTAACCACTCAGCAGAGGGATACCATGCAACATAACCTGATAAAGCTCCAGCAGGAAATGGCTGAACTAGAAGCTGTGTTAGAACAGCATGGGAGCCAGCCTTCTAACAGCTACCCTTCCATCATAAGTGACTCTTCTGCCCTTGAGGACCTGCGAAATCCAGAACAAAGCACATCAGAAAAAGCAGTATTAACTTCACAGAAAAGTAGTGAATACCCTATAAGCCAGAATCCAGAAGGCCTTTCTGCTGACAAGTTTGAGGTGTCTGCAGATAGTTCTACCAGTAAAAATAAAGAACCAGGAGTGGAAAGGTCATCCCCTTCTAAATGCCCATCATTAGATGATAGGTGGTACATGCACAGTTGCTCTGGGAGTCTTCAGAATAGAAACTACCCATCTCAAGAGGAGCTCATTAAGGTTGTTGATGTGGAGGAGCAACAGCTGGAAGAGTCTGGGCCACACGATTTGACGGAAACATCTTACTTGCCAAGGCAAGATCTAGAGGGAACCCCTTACCTGGAATCTGGAATCAGCCTCTTCTCTGATGACCCTGAATCTGATCCTTCTGAAGACAGAGCCCCAGAGTCAGCTCGTGTTGGCAACATACCATCTTCAACCTCTGCATTGAAAGTTCCCCAATTGAAAGTTGCAGAATCTGCCCAGAGTCCAGCTGCTGCTCATACTACTGATACTGCTGGGTATAATGCAATGGAAGAAAGTGTGAGCAGGGAGAAGCCAGAATTGACAGCTTCAACAGAAAGGGTCAACAAAAGAATGTCCATGGTGGTGTCTGGCCTGACCCCAGAAGAATTTATGCTCGTGTACAAGTTTGCCAGAAAACACCACATCACTTTAACTAATCTAATTACTGAAGAGACTACTCATGTTGTTATGAAAACAGATGCTGAGTTTGTGTGTGAACGGACACTGAAATATTTTCTAGGAATTGCGGGAGGAAAATGGGTAGTTAGCTATTTCTGGGTGACCCAGTCTATTAAAGAAAGAAAAATGCTGAATGAGCATGATTTTGAAGTCAGAGGAGATGTGGTCAATGGAAGAAACCACCAAGGTCCAAAGCGAGCAAGAGAATCCCAGGACAGAAAGATCTTCAGGGGGCTAGAAATCTGTTGCTATGGGCCCTTCACCAACATGCCCACAGATCAACTGGAATGGATGGTACAGCTGTGTGGTGCTTCTGTGGTGAAGGAGCTTTCATCATTCACCCTTGGCACAGGTGTCCACCCAATTGTGGTTGTGCAGCCAGATGCCTGGACAGAGGACAATGGCTTCCATGCAATTGGGCAGATGTGTGAGGCACCTGTGGTGACCCGAGAGTGGGTGTTGGACAGTGTAGCACTCTACCAGTGCCAGGAGCTGGACACCTACCTGATACCCCAGATCCCCCACAGCCACTACTGA

http://research.nhgri.nih.gov/projects/bic/Member/brca1_mutation_database.shtml