Age of Napoleon Age of Napoleon

CH. 3.4CH. 3.4

Napoleon Rises to PowerNapoleon Rises to Power BioBio

Born on the Island of Born on the Island of CorsicaCorsica

Began training in France for Began training in France for a military career at age 9a military career at age 9

Was eager to make a name Was eager to make a name for himself for himself

Charismatic and dominant Charismatic and dominant leaderleader

Victories Cloud LossesVictories Cloud Losses December 1793, drove December 1793, drove

British forces out of the British forces out of the French port of ToulonFrench port of Toulon

Napoleon Rises to Power Napoleon Rises to Power cont.cont.

Victories Cloud Losses cont.Victories Cloud Losses cont. Followed w/ victories against Austria, Followed w/ victories against Austria,

captured most of northern Italy, & forced the Hapsburg captured most of northern Italy, & forced the Hapsburg emperor to make peaceemperor to make peace

1798, led his forces to Egypt, & faced disastrous 1798, led his forces to Egypt, & faced disastrous results results

1799, he moved from military leader to 1799, he moved from military leader to politician.politician.Helped overthrow the directory and est. a Helped overthrow the directory and est. a

three man governing board-”Consulate”three man governing board-”Consulate”New constitution is writtenNew constitution is written

Napoleon makes himself First ConsulNapoleon makes himself First Consul1802 names himself Consul for life1802 names himself Consul for life

Napoleon Rises to Power Napoleon Rises to Power cont.cont.

Napoleon Crowns Himself Napoleon Crowns Himself EmperorEmperor 1804 Napoleon assumes the 1804 Napoleon assumes the

title of Emperor of the Frenchtitle of Emperor of the French(Takes the crown from the (Takes the crown from the

Pope’s hands & placed it on Pope’s hands & placed it on his own head)his own head)

With each step in his rise to With each step in his rise to power Napoleon held a power Napoleon held a plebiscite – plebiscite – popular vote by popular vote by ballot.ballot.

He was strongly supported He was strongly supported by the French (still held by the French (still held absolute power)absolute power)

Napoleon’s Reforms FranceNapoleon’s Reforms France

Napoleon’s GovernmentNapoleon’s Government He valued order and authorityHe valued order and authority He made reforms to improve the economyHe made reforms to improve the economy

Controlled prices, encouraged new industry, Controlled prices, encouraged new industry, built roads & canalsbuilt roads & canals

public school system (to ensure well trained public school system (to ensure well trained officials and military officers)officials and military officers)

Improved relations w/ the Catholic ChurchImproved relations w/ the Catholic ChurchConcordat of 1801- kept church under state Concordat of 1801- kept church under state

control, allowed for religious freedomcontrol, allowed for religious freedom

Napoleon’s Reforms France Napoleon’s Reforms France cont.cont.

Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic CodeNew code of laws.New code of laws.

Equality of all citizens before the law, Equality of all citizens before the law, religious toleration, absolution of feudalism, religious toleration, absolution of feudalism, advancement based on merit (embodies advancement based on merit (embodies enlightenment principles). enlightenment principles).

Undid some rights women gained during the Undid some rights women gained during the Revolution Revolution

Napoleon favored authority & order over Napoleon favored authority & order over individual rightsindividual rights

Napoleon Builds an EmpireNapoleon Builds an Empire

Map of Europe is RedrawnMap of Europe is Redrawn1804-1812 1804-1812 Napoleon invades & annex the Napoleon invades & annex the

Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy, and Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy, and Germany.Germany.

Abolishes Holy Roman Empire, created a 38 Abolishes Holy Roman Empire, created a 38 member Confederation of the Rhine River member Confederation of the Rhine River under French protection, and cut the Prussian under French protection, and cut the Prussian territory in 1/2territory in 1/2

Used friends and family through forceful diplomacy to Used friends and family through forceful diplomacy to control much of Europe.control much of Europe.

Napoleon Builds an Empire Napoleon Builds an Empire cont.cont.

Napoleon strikes BritainNapoleon strikes Britain1805 Napoleon prepares to invade 1805 Napoleon prepares to invade

BritainBritainBattle of TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar

British admiral Nelson smash the French fleet.British admiral Nelson smash the French fleet.Napoleon focuses on warfare w/ Continental Napoleon focuses on warfare w/ Continental

System System Closed European ports to British goods.Closed European ports to British goods.Britain responded w/ its own blockade of Britain responded w/ its own blockade of

European goods.European goods.Continental System failed to bring Britain downContinental System failed to bring Britain down

Napoleon’s Empire Faces Napoleon’s Empire Faces ChallengesChallenges

Nationalism works against Napoleon Nationalism works against Napoleon Europeans begin to see Napoleon and his armies Europeans begin to see Napoleon and his armies

as foreign oppressorsas foreign oppressorsResentment of Continental system & French cultureResentment of Continental system & French cultureRevolts begin against France (Rome, Madrid, Revolts begin against France (Rome, Madrid,

Netherlands, etc.)Netherlands, etc.) Spain & Austria Battle the FrenchSpain & Austria Battle the French

Reforms with Catholic Church spur Spaniards to be Reforms with Catholic Church spur Spaniards to be loyal to their king and the Churchloyal to their king and the Church

Spanish are met w/ brutal repression by French forcesSpanish are met w/ brutal repression by French forces use guerilla warfareuse guerilla warfare

Austria is encouraged to resume war as wellAustria is encouraged to resume war as well

Napoleon’s Empire Faces Challenges Napoleon’s Empire Faces Challenges cont.cont.

Russian Winter stops the ArmyRussian Winter stops the Army1812 Napoleon invades Russia 1812 Napoleon invades Russia

Russian army retreats eastward using a Russian army retreats eastward using a scorched-earth policy.scorched-earth policy.

Unable to feed his army (through Unable to feed his army (through winter)Napoleon turns homeward in Oct.winter)Napoleon turns homeward in Oct.

Napoleon’s reputation for success is Napoleon’s reputation for success is shatteredshattered

Napoleon falls from PowerNapoleon falls from Power

Napoleon abdicates BrieflyNapoleon abdicates Briefly1814 Napoleon steps down from power 1814 Napoleon steps down from power Louis XVIII is crowned king of FranceLouis XVIII is crowned king of France

Agreed to keep Napoleonic code, & honor Agreed to keep Napoleonic code, & honor land settlementsland settlements

Economic depression and fear of the return Economic depression and fear of the return to the old regime, help rekindle loyalty to to the old regime, help rekindle loyalty to NapoleonNapoleon

1815 Napoleon re-enters Paris in 1815 Napoleon re-enters Paris in triumphtriumph

Napoleon falls from Power Napoleon falls from Power cont.cont.

Crushed at the Battle of WaterlooCrushed at the Battle of WaterlooJan. 18, 1815 French & British forces meetJan. 18, 1815 French & British forces meet

British forces under the Duke of Wellington crush British forces under the Duke of Wellington crush the Frenchthe French

Again Napoleon is forced to abdicate (step down)Again Napoleon is forced to abdicate (step down)

Napoleon’s LegacyNapoleon’s LegacyNapoleonic Codes consolidated many of the Napoleonic Codes consolidated many of the

changes of the Revolutionchanges of the RevolutionCreated a centralized state w/ a constitution Created a centralized state w/ a constitution

Napoleon falls from Power Napoleon falls from Power cont.cont.

Napoleon’s Legacy cont.Napoleon’s Legacy cont.More citizens had a right to property & More citizens had a right to property &

access to educationaccess to educationNapoleon's conquests spread the ideas Napoleon's conquests spread the ideas

of revolution & Nationalism across of revolution & Nationalism across EuropeEurope

Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna

Meeting of Europe’s leadersMeeting of Europe’s leaders Had the task of restoring stability to EuropeHad the task of restoring stability to Europe Met to 10 months Sept. 1814-June 1815Met to 10 months Sept. 1814-June 1815 Many diplomats spent the time socializingMany diplomats spent the time socializing

Congress Strives for PeaceCongress Strives for Peace Peace is created by establishing a balance of Peace is created by establishing a balance of

power power Map of Europe is re-drawnMap of Europe is re-drawn Leaders agree to meet periodically to discuss Leaders agree to meet periodically to discuss

issues to avoid warissues to avoid war