after mussolini's fascist takeover of italy, another army veteran and leader of an extremist...
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After Mussolini's fascist takeover of Italy, another army veteran and leader of an extremist party
tries to forcibly take power. Adolf Hitler stages a small-scale coup in Munich, which fails, and is
imprisoned.
Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany
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The Weimar Republic's Rise and Fall
As the Great War was ending Germany's government fell to choas
Threat of socialist revolution Kaiser abdicates Moderate leaders sign armistice and Treaty of
Versailles 1919
Weimar Republic Parliamentary system ran by chancellor Bill of Rights
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Political Struggles
Weak republic Several small parties Hatred of Treaty of Versailles Communists
Demanded radical change Conservatives
Attacked gov't as too liberal and weak Scapegoats become mostly German Jews
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Runaway Inflation
1923 Reparations payments stop Ruhr Valley becames occupied by the French Passive Resistance Inflation 100 marks in July 1922 = 944,000 marks in
August 1923 Savings wiped out
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Recovery and Collapse
1924 Dawes Plan France leaves the Ruhr Valley American loans Great Depression Adolf Hitler
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The Nazi Party's Rise to Power
Adolf Hitler was born in Austria 1889 Traveled to Vienna at 18
Developed anit-Semitism Fought in German Army 1919 – joined a group of right-wing extremists By 1920 was the leader of the National Socialist
German Workers of Nazi Party
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Hitler's Manifesto
Mein Kampf( “My Struggle”) Aryan Race Extreme Nationalism Blamed Germany's defeat on Marxists, Jews,
corrupt politicians, and buisness leaders Anti-Semitism Germany to expand, Lebensraum( living
space)
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Hitler Comes to Power
Only in jail for a year Great Depression “Table-thumping” Speeches Appealed to Veterans, workers, the lower
middle class, small-town Germans, business people
Promised to end reparations, create jobs, re-arm Germany
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Hitler Comes to Power
Nazi's and Communist won seats in the Reichstag
Conservatives turn to Hitler 1933 – Hitler becomes Chancellor through legal
means Wins with Conservative support
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Hitler Comes to Power
Germany becomes a dictatorship within a year Suspends civil rights Destroyes socialist and communists One party state Purges own party Demands unquestioning obedience
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Learning Check
What is the name of the new republic formed after World War I?
How did the United States try to help Germany pay back the war reparations?
Who becomes chancellor in 1933?
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The Third Reich Controls Germany
Appealed to past glories 1st Reich – medieval Holy Roman Empire 2nd Reich – Bismarck in 1872 3rd Reich – German Master Race would rule
Europe for a thousand years Launches large public work programs Rearm Germany Unite Germany and Austris
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Germany becomes a Totalitarian State
Controlled all aspects of life The SS, an elite black-uniformed troop,
enforced his rule Gestapo ruted out oppositon Cheered Nazi “storm troopers”
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The Campaign Against the Jews Begin
1935 – Nuremberg Laws Took away German Citizenship Severe Restrictions
Prohibited marriage between Jews and non-Jews
Attending or Teaching at German schools Holding Gov't jobs Practicing law or medicine Publishing books
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Night of Broken Glass
November 7, 1938 A young Jew, whose parents were mistreated
in Germany, shot a Germany diplomat in Paris November 9 &10
Kristallnacht Mobs Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia “Final Solution”
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Nazi Youth
Destroy without mercy Pledged absolute loyalty to Germany Physical fitness programs to prepare for war School courses and textbooks were re-written
to reflect racial views
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Women under Nazi Rule
Like Italy Dismissed from upper-level jobs Turned away from universities Rewards for having children is a “pure-
blooded Aryan” woman Applied mostly to the elite, women were needed
to work in factories
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Purging German Culture
Denounced modern art Condemed Jazz Glorified old German myths
Richard Wagner Hitler saw Christianity as weak and flabby
Combinded all Protestants sects into one Closed Catholic Schools, muzzled clergy Some spoke out against Hitler
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Authoritarian Rule in Eastern Europe
In 1919 a dozen countries were cared out of Russia, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and German empires
Small countries Rural agriculture Social and economic inequalities Hit hard by Great Depression
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Ethnic Conflict
Old rivalries between ethnic and religious groups
Czechoslovakia Czechs and Slavs
Yugoslavia Serbs ruled, Slovenes and Croats wanted
independence
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Democracy Retreats
Economic problems + ethnic tensions = instability Hungary
1919 – Nicholas Horthy overthrew Communist Gov't
Poland
1926 – Joseph Pilsudski Expect Czechoslovakia and Finland Promised order Turned to anti-semitism
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Learning Check
1. What was the name for the code of laws that placed servere restrictions on the Jewish population in Germany?
What was Kristallnacht? What was the name for the pure German race
(blond hair, blue eyes)?