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Page 1: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association
Page 2: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy.

What Happens When We Eat?

American Diabetes Association

Page 3: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

In people without diabetes, glucose stays in a healthy range because

Normal Blood Glucose Control

Insulin is released at the right times and in the right amounts

Insulin helps glucose enter cells

American Diabetes Association

Page 4: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

In diabetes, blood glucose builds up for several possible reasons…

High Blood Glucose (Hyperglycemia)

Too little insulin is made

Liver releases too much glucose

Cells can’t use insulin well

American Diabetes Association

Page 5: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

Type 1› Pancreas makes

too little or no insulin

Pre-diabetes

Gestational Diabetes

Type 2› Cells do not use

insulin well (insulin resistant)

› Ability for pancreas to make insulin decreases over time

Type 3??

Page 6: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

Number of Americans withNumber of Americans withDiagnosed Diabetes, 1980-2009Diagnosed Diabetes, 1980-2009

www.cdc.gov

Page 7: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

Currently affects about 25.8 million Americans of all ages.› About 8% of the population (U.S.)

› Estimated 7 million undiagnosed

› Hispanics/Latinos – about 12% diagnosed› African Americans – about 13% diagnosed› Asian Americans – about 8% diagnosed

Page 8: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

(Oregon.gov, 2006)

Page 9: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

Increased thirst Increased urination Blurry vision Fatigue Weight loss Nausea and vomiting More frequent infections

Page 10: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

Know your numbers:› A1C < 7› BP 130/80 or lower› Cholesterol:

LDL: <100 HDL: >40 men; >50

women

10 important tests:› A1C› BP› Cholesterol› Eye exam› Urine test› Foot exam› Dental exam› Weight› Flu shot› Pneumonia shot

Page 11: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

A leading cause of blindness Leading cause of non-accident

amputations Kidney disease Nerve damage (peripheral neuropathy) Heart attack / stroke

Page 12: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association
Page 13: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association
Page 14: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

Oralmedication

only58%

No medication

16%

Insulin only 12%

Insulin and oral

medication14%

Treatment of DiabetesTreatment of Diabetes

National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. National Diabetes Statistics, 2011. Available at: http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/statistics/

Page 15: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

Estimated to cost more than $174 billion annually.› Direct medical costs = $116 billion› Indirect costs = $58 billion

$1 in every $5 health care dollars spent on caring for someone diagnosed with diabetes

Page 16: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association
Page 17: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

“The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago. The second best time is now.”

Chinese Proverb

Good news with diabetes prevention› Small steps matter

Page 18: After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the body’s main source of energy. What Happens When We Eat? American Diabetes Association

Active interventions (vs placebo) would:

Cost-Effectiveness of Lifestyle Cost-Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modification or Metformin: DPPModification or Metformin: DPP

Herman WH, et al for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group.Ann Intern Med. 2005:142:323-332.

Intensive Lifestyle

Metformin

Delay onset oftype 2 diabetes by

11.1 years 3.4 years

Reduce incidence oftype 2 diabetes by

20% 8%

Increase life expectancy by

0.5 years 0.2 years

Cost per QALY $1,124 $31,286

QALY = Quality Adjusted Life Years


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