African GovernmentsKenya and South AfricaSS7CG2aThe structure of modern government in Africa

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY PLEASE WRITE THESE DOWN:• Republic ~ government using and following constitution. Personal rights

are respected and cannot be taken away. • Constitutional republic ~a state where the head of state and other

officials are elected as representatives of the people, and must govern according to existing constitutional law. Also, powers are separated. (Ex. U.S.A.)

• Head of state(H.O.S or C.O.S)~ the chief public representative or ceremonial representative of a country who may also be the head of government (President, Prime Minister, etc.)

• Head of Government (H.O.G) ~ is the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government

• President~ chief executive officer of a government; also the head of state.

• Personal freedoms~ freedom of expression, freedom of movement, freedom of press, etc...

3 main ways governments distribute, or share, power . . .

1. federal2. unitary3. confederation

Definition: Central government holds power and shares with regional (if they want)

Central Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

UNITARY GOVERNMENT

Definition: power is SHARED between central government and regional governments

Regional Authority

Central Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Central

Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Definition: Regional has MORE power and shares w/central

CONFEDERAL GOVERNMENT

AUTOCRATIC rule by one

OLIGARCHIC rule by the few

DEMOCRATIC rule by all

CountryType of

Govt

Head of State/Head

ofGovernme

nt(HOS, HOG)

Who Can Vote?

Degree of Personal

Freedom for Citizens

Year of

Independence from Colonial

Rule

Kenya

SouthAfrica

Republic of Kenya

Country Type of Government

Republic of Kenya

Republic, with one-house legislature called the National Assembly

Country Head of State

Republic of KenyaKenya had a presidential democracy until the election of 2007. The position of prime minister was established. NOW they have a President=Head of StatePM=Head of Govt.

CountryWho Can Vote

Republic of Kenya

All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote

CountryDegree of Personal Freedom for

Citizens

Republic of Kenya

Freedoms are written into constitution but gov’t is dominated by the president. There have been improvements in rights recently.

Limited freedom of speech and press and criticism of govt

Country Type of Governmen

t

Head of State

Who Can Vote

Degree of Personal

Freedom for Citizens

Year of Independence from Colonial

Rule

Republic of Kenya

Republic, with one-house legislature called the National Assembly

Kenya had a presidential form of democracy until the election of 2007. The position of prime minister was established. President=Chief of StatePM=Head of Govt.

All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote

Freedoms are written in the constitution. The new constitution guaranteed many freedoms:freedom of expression, freedom of movement, and freedom from discrimination

In 1963 from Great Britain

Republic of South Africa

Country Type of Government

Republic of South Africa

Republic, with two-house National Assembly (parliamentary)

Country Type of Governmen

t

Head of State

Republic of South Africa

Republic, with two-house National Assembly

President is the HOS and is elected by the National Assembly (legislature) President answers to the National Assembly and may Only serve two five year terms.

Country Type of Governmen

t

Head of State

Who Can Vote

Republic of South Africa

Republic, with two-house National Assembly

President elected by the National Assembly

All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote

CountryDegree of Personal Freedom for Citizens

Republic of South Africa

Personal Freedoms are numerous. (similar to USA)The constitution ensures equality before the law and prohibits discrimination. It guarantees the right to life, privacy, property, freedom, and security of the person, and freedom of speech, religion, assembly and association.It prohibits slavery and forced labor.

Country Year of Independence from Colonial Rule

Republic of South Africa South Africa became independent from Great Britain in 1910. The racially segregated government ended in 1994 when majority rule was established.

Kenya

South Africa

Literacy Rate of AfricaSS7CG3a: Compare how various factors, including gender, affect access to education in Kenya

Where does Africa Stand?

South Africa Literacy

• What percentage of the population over the age of 15 can read and write?

• •93%

• •How long are students expected to stay in school?

• •Most students drop out of school when they are 13 years old.

South African Schools

Kenya

• Literacy Rate is 85%• Government has been improving education as a

priority . • Programs for building schools.• Eliminate fees for children to attend school.

• 85% attend elementary school• 24% attend high school• 2% college (post high school)

• Large gap between literacy rate of girls and boys.• 91% Boys• 79% Girls

• School attendance is much high for boys than girls.• Overall attendance drops in rural areas.• It is felt boys need education for better jobs, girls only need to

prepare for marriage.

Kenya Schools

AIDS in Africa

SS7CG3 The student will analyze how politics in Africa impacts standard of living.

b. Describe the impact of government stability on the distribution of resources to combat AIDS and famine across Africa.

Video Clip

AIDS in Africa: No More

Fast Facts

Between 1999 and 2000 more people died of AIDS in Africa than in all the wars on the continent.

The year 2000 began with 24 million Africans infected with the virus.Each day, 6,000 Africans die from AIDS.

Each day, an additional 11,000 are infected.

Fast Facts ContinuedIn 2007… 32.8 million living with HIV 2.5 million new infections of HIV 2 million deaths from AIDS Over two-thirds of HIV cases, and some 80% of deaths, were in

Sub-Saharan Africa.

AIDS and Government StabilityDescribe the impact of government stability on the distribution of resources to combat AIDS and famine across Africa.

• In highly affected regions, HIV/AIDS also places huge strains on state institutions and the economy. • AIDS most frequently strikes at the most productive members

of society, those 15-45 years old. • Their deaths have left Africa with over 11 million orphans

• Number of deaths and infection rate to increase over the next 10 years• Therefore, the acute impact of the AIDS pandemic may result

in the widespread economic and political destabilization of societies, states, and entire regions.

WHY?• Poor health care systems, poverty, and lack of government

organization • Lack of knowledge about the disease and its prevention• Antiretroviral drugs that are able to slow down the progress of

the disease are expensive

What is Africa doing to help combat AIDS?• HIV prevention campaigns• Distribution of Safe Sex Materials• Voluntary HIV counseling and testing • Antiretroviral drugs to prevent mother to child transmission

Famine in Africa

• Famine is caused by the shortage or inability of people to obtain food. • Many African countries face famine today

because:• Climate changes• Political conflict which disrupts farming• Poor prices for African goods on world market• Poorly organized or corrupt governments• Disease

Video Clip

Famine in Africa only show 3 or 4 minutes (important)

AIDS and FamineDescribe the impact of government stability on the distribution of resources to combat AIDS and famine across Africa. • If people are sick, what happens?• Aids kills young adults, especially women - the people whose labor is

most needed. When the rains come, people must work 16 hours a day planting and weeding the crop. If that critical period is missed, the family will go hungry. In a community depleted by Aids, each working adult must produce more to feed the same number of dependents - not just children but sick adults, too.

• Just as HIV destroys the body's immune system, the epidemic of HIV and Aids has disabled African countries.

• As a result of HIV, the worst-hit African countries have undergone a social breakdown that is now reaching a new level: African societies' capacity to resist famine is fast eroding.

• Hunger and disease have begun reinforcing each other.

What can you do?