Africa: From Colonization to Independence

Directions: Create the Chart on your sheet of paper. Title the chart: African Independence Chart. As you work your way through the chart make sure your fill in the appropriate boxes.

Nation Kenya Nigeria

Who colonized it?

What organized groups fought against it?

A lot of bloodshed to get Freedom from European country? (yes or no)

What did the nation do to show the colonizing nation that independence was needed?

When was independence granted? (year)

First leader after independence

Problems since independence?

Nationalism – loyalty to and love and support for one’s nation, ethnicity or people group; a desire for nationhood

Colonization – when one nation takes control of a another nation or area to take advantage of the resources there

Corruption – dishonest or unethical dealings usually concerning governmentExample: bribery or misuse of government money

Words to know: Write these words and definitions on the back of your chart

Political Geography Review Question!!!

In which part of Africa is the nation of Kenya located??

North, South, East or West???

KenyaDuring the Scramble for Africa, the British colonized the area now known as Kenya.

In 1920, the current borders of Kenya were established…

…forcing together many different ethnic groups.

After decades of British rule, many Kenyans began to want control of their own land.

A secret society in Kenya known as the Mau Mau began a revolution against the British.

The Mau Mau believed that force was the only way to win Kenya their rights and independence from the British. They fought against the British from 1952 to 1960… and they lost.

•Over 1,000,000 Mau Mau were imprisoned and thousands were killed.

•But… the Mau Mau movement gained a lot of sympathy and support among the Kenyan people. •The British realized that they would have to grant independence to Kenya.

British East Africa became Kenya

The British helped Kenya hold democratic elections and the nation of Kenya elected Jomo Kenyatta president in 1963.

J

omo

K

enyatta

Kenya Since IndependenceJomo Kenyatta was a member of the Kenyan African

National Union (Political Party). The KNAU has controlled much of the nation and has restricted the civil rights of Kenyans. Jomo Kenyatta

and his successor, Daniel Arap Moi, were both accused of abusing their power. Kenyatta’s son is now

the acting president of Kenya

Daniel Arap Moi

Political Geography Review Question!!!!!

In Which part of Africa is Nigeria located???

The west!!!!

NigeriaIn 1884, at the Berlin Conference, Great Britain was given control of the area now known as Nigeria. It was made into two colonies and contained many different ethnic groups that did not get along.

Because of ethnic division, the British began to treat some Nigerians better than the others. The British spent more money building roads, hospitals, and

schools in the south than in the north.

1940’s• Nigerian groups began to form in order to protest against the British control of Nigeria.

Some of the groups were united in their ethnicity.

Some were students.

Some were workers in the same type of job.

Many of the Nigerian students had gone to school in Europe…

They admired European culture, but they believed that the only way for Nigerians to have their rights was to be free of European rule.

**The groups became political parties that worked for Nigeria’s independence.

In the late 1940’s and 50’s the British let Nigerians elect their own government.

In 1957, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa was elected prime minister of Nigeria.

Great Britain gave Nigeria complete independence in 1960 and Balewa became the first Nigerian head of government.

Nigeria After Independence •Nigeria DID NOT have to fight for its independence.

•BUT, a few months after Nigeria was granted independence, a civil war broke out between the Muslim north and the Christian south.

The oil rich province of Biafra unsuccessfully tried to break away and become their own nation.

Biafra

Nigeria has the potential to be a wealthy nation because of their oil supplies, however, corruption in the government has prevented this from happening.

Nigeria has to rely on aid from other nations (foreign aid) to survive.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/27/newsid_2496000/2496069.stm

1. Go to this site. Listen to the speech by Jomo Kenyatta. Summarize his speech on your handout.

2. Read the information about the day that Kenya was granted independence. On a separate piece of paper, summarize important points from the website.