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    Ejecutantes tocando 4 vihuelas, cordfonos tambin llamados guitarras o medianas. Detalle de la obra Carnaval de Sucre 1880 de Encarnacin Mirones. Del libro Caymari Vida de Beatriz Rossells.

    Los 4 cordfonos centrales de la foto inferior representan a las medianas: grande, intermedia, intermedia alta y pequea (idnticas a las que se encuentran en el dibujo anterior). Coleccin 1975. Museo de Instrumentos Musicales de Bolivia. calle Jan 711, La Paz

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    Detalle de la guitarrila uru-chipaya

    Chipayas con guitarrillas venerando al rio Lauca.Fotografa: Oscar Ruiz (mediados del s. XX)

    Nestor Arce del conjunto guitarrillada uru chipaya. Oruro 1999

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    Jalka charango hecho de armadillo (1975). Localidad Oropeza (Chuquisaca). Regla 60 cm.

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    Maestro, llaukeador de bustos (cucharones) Don Francisco Acosta Cotrina nacido en 1929. Foto Aiquile 1977

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    Joven aprendiz. Aiquile 1978