afdeling algemeen milieu- en natuurbeleid - sectie lucht koning albert ii-laan 19, 9e verdiep.,...

Afdeling Algemeen Milieu- en Natuurbeleid - sectie Lucht Koning Albert II-laan 19, 9e verdiep., B-1210 Brussel Tel. 02-553.11.20 Fax. 02-553.11.45 1

NEC-programme of the Flemish region: Burden

sharing in a federal stateir Bob NieuwejaersAMINAL, air section

www.vlaanderen.be/lucht


Competences for environmental policy and political decision process

• Federal: product standards• Regions (Fl, W, BC): all the rest• Coordination for international

negotiations; separate implementation• Ambition level determined by each region

separately during negotiation process• Political agreement on product standards;

reductions taken into account by regions

Burden sharing Flanders: transport Flanders: stationary Flanders: NH3 Conclusions


NEC: ceilings burden sharing between regions and federal government

Pollutant(kt) SO2 NOx VOC NH3Flanders(stationary)

65.8(-73.4%)

58.3(-41.1%)

70.9(-50%)

45(-42.4%)

Wallonia(stationary)

29(-71.8%)

46(-38.4%)

28(-38.4%)

28.7(-1.2%)

Brussels(stationary)

1.4(-75%)

3(-35.4%)

4(-34.8%)

-

Transport(Belgium)

2(-87.9%)

68(-57.8%)

35.6(-71.9%)

-

TOTAL 99(-73.4%)

176(-48.1%)

139(-58.1%)

74(-31%)



Main federal product standards and other measures

• Implementation of EU directives• Heating gasoil: Procuct standard of 0,05%

S: not implemented; market penetration of gasoil extra (0,005%S) instead

• Heavy fuel (0,6%): not (yet) implemented• Discussions on ambition level for VOC in

paints and varnishes and low NOx heating installations: stricter than EU legislation?

• (Fiscal) measures in transport sector



Flemish programme: transport sector

• BAU transport policy + EU dir implem: NEC not achieved for VOC and NOx

• Flemish transport management plan: ambitious objectives: achievable?

• Extra technical measures on vehicles: buses, LEV, ?…

• Old EF for trucks in modelling !!!• Ambitious policy on transport and vehicles

necessary to achieve NEC



Flemish approach for stationary sources

• Extensive research projects on reduction potential, costs and economic effects in each (industrial) sector; not all finalized

• Intersectoral assessment on measures and costs: different criteria (Marginal cost, employment, added value, distortion..)

• Uniform criteria on MC (e.g. 2.5 Euro/kg SO2 and 5 Euro/kg NOx) difficult to apply

• Several measures already taken



Measures for stationary sources

• VLAREM (legislation)• Environmental permits (IPPC)• Voluntary agreements• Economic instruments (under study)• Information, negotiation and sensitization• Cooperation with federal authorities on

product standards• (Applied mix dependant on sector

characteristics)



SO2 and NOx reductions for stationary sources

Sector SO2

1990SO2REF

2010SO2

2010NOx1990

NOxREF

2010NOx2010

Powerplants

71.9 34.1 6.0 46.5 29.0 11-12.5

Oil re-fineries

41.1 27.1 10.0 9.8 8.6 6.5

Ferrousmetals

15.6 8.2 2.9-5.3 5.6 7.8 3.1-6.6

Nonferrous

15.8 3.0 3.0 1.4 0.74 0.66



SO2 and NOx reductions for stationary sources

Sector SO2 1990

SO2REF

2010 SO2 2010

NOx 1990

NOxREF 2010

NOx 2010

Chemi-cals

30.1 4.9 4.9 13.7 10.3 10.3

Cera-mics

16.5 15.8 5.1

Other industr

28.0 13.6-15.0

9.4- 10.4

11.0 10.8-12.3

10.8-12.3

Non industr

27.8 6.9 4.5 11.0 11.3 11.3

Total (NEC)

246.9 115-116.4 45.8-49.2-54.3(65.8)

99.0 78.5-80.0 53.7-60.2 61.4(58.2)



Policy measures for SO2 and NOx

• Power plants: sectroral agreement (absolute celings): fuel shift, PM, Desox and Denox on all coal fired plants

• Oil refineries: Bubble ELV’s• Ferrous, nonferr, chemicals:IPPC(+extra?)• Ceramics: stringent ELV’s (BAT+extra)• More stringent ELV for waste incineration

(NOx), SCI’s and stationary engines



VOC reductions for stationary sources

Sector 1990(dd1999)

1990(dd2003)

2010REF2003

2010Planned

2010MFR?

Chemi-cals

39.7 55.5 27.6 20.5 10.0

Oil re-fineries

19.8 15.2 10.3 7.1 5.6

Paint 38.7 31.5-41.1 20.3-25.4 (20.3)-25.4

(13.9)-17

Printing 7.8 11.3 5.3 4.3 4.3

Metal de-greasing

7.8 4.0 0.2 0.2 0.1



VOC reductions for stationary sources

Servicestations

7.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Carmanufacturing

7.6 6.8 4.4 4.4 3.4

Drycleaning

1.4 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.5

Combus-tion

7.6 14.3 15.8 15.8 15.8

Other 8.4 11.7 9.8 8.7 5.7

TOTALNEC

145.9 159.1-168.7

(95.3)-100.4

(82.9)-88(73.4)

(60.3)63,4(73.4)



Policy measures for VOC

• Sectors of 99/13/EC (VOC directive): additional measures

• Additional product standards: ??• LDAR for fugitive emissions• Reduction of emissons of storage and

handling• IPPC permit reviews• Other measures + process modifications



NH3 emissions, reductions and objectives

NH3 (kt) 1990 2001 2010 object.

Cattle stock 74.2 51.4 39.7

Fertilizer use 3.8 2.5 2.0

Industry 1.8 0.8 0.9

Transport 0.1 1.4 2.4

TOTAL 79.9 56.1 45



NH3 reduction measures for cattle stock

• Manure storage covering: implemented

• Low NH3 application (injection, trailing hose or shoe, within 2 hours):partly implemented, -3.9 kt extra

• Low NH3 housing: new, exist IPPC (-1.5 kt)

• Manure processing (-2.5 kt)• Feed modification (-1.1 kt) • Cattlestock reduction (subsidies): -2.8 kt



Flemish NEC-programme:Concluding remarks

• Restrictions on growth (new installations and extensions of existing): – Political acceptability ?

– EIA, permits, economic instruments (?)

• NEC achievable for SO2, difficult for NOx and NH3, very uncertain for VOC

• EU-wide measures not all as stringent as foreseen in RAINS-calculations; similar discussions on Belgian federal level



Concluding remarks:Recommendations for reporting

• Reporting on modifications of emission inventories and impact on ceilings: New info to be taken into account by Com in evaluation

• Quantification of reduction by separate measures (e.g. EU-wide and other product standards); compare with RAINS data!! (NEC-review: Quantify assumed reduction per MS of EU wide measures to be taken to reach ceilings)

• Quantify emissions/capita or /production and costs: assess BAT implementation, economic impact and distortion


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